Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presentation Outline
Background
The guidelines explained..with pictures
Guidelines on
Erosion Control
for Development
in the Coastal
Zone
Shorefront development
Backshore development
Coastal reclamation
Offshore sand-mining
Data requirement
Conclusion
1
Background
Background
Background
Status
30-Nov-15
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
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75
60
64
50
40
75
74
Category I
Category II
Category III
47
30
.explained..
20
10
0
1986
2000
10
Shorefront Development
11
12
30-Nov-15
Coastal Definitions
States limitation of coastal management boundary
High sea
Backshore
Foreshore
State waters
Intertidal
zone
12 nautical miles
3 nautical miles
State boundary
Berm
13
14
Shorefront Development
Projects located on the shoreline or
foreshore or protruding seawards
Jetty
Groyne
Marina
Reclamation
Brindge
Ports
Breakwaters
Pipelines/marine cables
Outfalls
15
16
Marina
17
Jetty
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Nearshore Breakwaters
30-Nov-15
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20
Shore-connected breakwaters
Shorefront Development
Shorefront Development
Projects located on the shoreline or
foreshore or protruding seawards
Jetty
Groyne
Marina
Reclamation
Bridge
Ports
Breakwaters
Pipelines/marine cables
Outfalls
21
Source of sediment
22
Predominant Wave
Direction
Construction Of Groynes
Along Shore to Control
Erosion - requires
understanding of the local
sediment transport condition
Longshore Drifts and Currents
Shoreline before
Groin construction
Downdrift:
local erosion
Updrift: Sediment
blocked by
breakwater
Groyne
field
23
Pengkalan Datu, Kelantan
24
30-Nov-15
Shorefront Development
Erosion
Breakwater
Accretion
25
26
Close-space pile
system hinders
sediment transport
Wide-spaced pile
system allows
sediment transport
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Shorefront Development
Sea
Net Longshore Sediment Transport
General guidline:
vertical faced shoreline structure not
encouraged!
Land
Reclamation
Original Shoreline
Erosion
Accretion
29
Land
30
Port Dickson, N.S
Morib, Selangor
M O R IB, SELAN G O R
30-Nov-15
Shorefront Development
Shorefront Development
Marine outfalls
should be built with
Minimum 1 meter
cover beneath
seabed
outlet should be
beyond MLWS
(MLLW)
Attenuation of wave
height due to reflection
31
Marine outfalls
32
Marine outfalls
MLWS
Pantai
MSL
1 meter
MLWS
Pipeline
33
34
Backshore Development
Hotel and condominiums
Housing
Industry
Agriculture
Tukar Syarat
Application for government land
(permanent or temporary)
Backshore Development
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36
30-Nov-15
Backshore Development
38
Backshore Development
Backshore Development
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40
Backshore Development
SEA
MHWS
MHWS
Sea
60 meters
60 meter
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42
30-Nov-15
Backshore Development
Backshore Development
Avoid developing on beach/sand dunes:
these are sediment banks or reserves that
replenish the beach and absorb wave
energy
No development or re-development on
sand spits and sand bars: these are often
unstable features since they form in the
dynamic zone
MHWS
400 meter
44
Backshore Development
No development or re-development on
sand spits and sand bars
these are unstable features since they are very
dynamic
Sand spits are prone to shift and change during
storms and floods
Sand bars change considerably under storm
conditions and can disappear entirely
Sand Dune
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Sand bar
Sand spit
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48
30-Nov-15
Backshore Development
Exceptions: cases where setback
distances can be reconsidered/
reviewed: If proposed development is within 1 km of
a well-developed area with high-value
permanent buildings located at distances
less than the general setback distance
Erosion is not occurring
Setback cannot be any less than the
minimum existing setback
49
Bakcshore Development
Backshore Development
Proposed
New
Development
Hotel
Apartment
50
Hotel
MHWS
1 km
1 km
51
Backshore Development
52
Backshore development
Exceptions: cases where setback
distances can be reconsidered/
reviewed:-
Proposed
New Development
60 m
JKR Road
MHWS
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54
30-Nov-15
Bakcshore Development
Exceptions: cases where setback
distances can be reconsidered/
reviewed: Development is on erosion resistant
headlands
Developed area is 5 m above MSL
Turtle nesting facilites (turtles need
sand)
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56
Coastal reclamation
Types of reclamation
Island concept
Coastal Reclamation
Preserves mangroves
Drainage patterns maintained
Separation channel needs maintenance
Peninsular concept
Extension of original coastline
New sea frontage
Loss of beaches
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Island concept: Tanjung Tokong Land Reclamation Project, Penang ( 980 ha)
10
30-Nov-15
Sea
Net Longshore Sediment Transport
Land
Reclamation
Original Shoreline
Erosion
Accretion Land
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62
Land
Coastal Reclamation
Littoral current
Reclamation
Impacts
Loss of sea-frontage and recreational beach
Interference with coastal processes
River flows
Reclamation
sedimentation
63
Data Requirement
64
Coastal Reclamation
Impactscontd.
Location plan
Design calculation
Photos
Info specific to proposed development
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66
11
30-Nov-15
Coastal Reclamation
Coastal Reclamation
67
PERLIS
No. of Project : 2
Area : 2446 ha.
KEDAH/LANGKAWI
No. of Project : 6
Area : 16,944 ha.
68
TERENGGANU
No. of Project :5
Area : 314 ha.
SABAH / LABUAN
No. of Project : 12
Area : 3700 ha.
P.PINANG/S.PERAI
No. of Project :5
Area : 2,058 ha.
PERAK
No. of Project : 5
Area : 12,736 ha.
SELANGOR
No. of Project : 2
Area : 972 ha.
NEGERI SEMBILAN
No. of Project : 12
Area : 1,002 ha.
MELAKA
No. of Project : 17
Area : 2,300 ha.
Pahang
No. of Project :1
Area : 240 ha.
SARAWAK
No. of Project : 4
Area : 1607 ha.
JOHOR
No. Project : 4
Area : 1,000 ha.
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72
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30-Nov-15
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Offshore Sand-mining
Impacts
Original profile
Drawdown
Interference to sediment transport
Loss of offshore sandbars that are
sediment banks
Destruction of aquatic life
erosion
Profile after
storm
Dredged pit
13
30-Nov-15
Erosion zone
Penetration of
larger waves
Dredging of
offshore bars
deepens bed
80
Offshore Sand-mining
Erosion of beach
face distabilizes
house
foundations
Jurisdiction
Sand Pumping
Suspended Sediment
81
Limit of state
jurisdiction
82
MLWS
A
Proposed
source area
84
14
30-Nov-15
Offshore Sand-mining
Conclusion
Guidelines designed as a preventive
measure against coastal
erosion/sedimentation and other
environmental problems
Explains the necessary scope of
impact study for coastal development
project
To be used by all project proponents
government/private sector/individual
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15