Gel Electrophoresis Size Marker: Take The Pink Link!

Gel Electrophoresis
Size Marker
Take the Pink Link!
www.
.com
Transfer
Membranes
Thinking without knowledge

makes chance the ruler.
Take the pink Link!
Take the pink Link!
www.
.com
www.
Take the Pink Link!
.com
www.
Werner Kollath, German bacteriologist
Detergents
Kontaminationen
Nukleinsuren
Immunoassay
Buffer
Probleme & praktische Lsungen
durch
.com
Gel Electrophoresis
Size Marker
Ever since the foundation of the firm, AppliChem has

invested extensively in communication and marketing. The
fresh and unusual appearance attracted great attention in
Take the Pink Link!
Take the Pink Link!
www.
Take the Pink Link!
.com
www.
Take the Pink Link!
.com
the market from the very beginning. Our growth confirms

www.
.com
www.
AgaroseElektrophorese
.com
AppliCations
AppliCa
the relevance of these measures.

Wichtiges
Wissenswertes
Wunderbares
aus Chemie & Biologie
Nr.1
We offer our customers an extensive library, with numerous

Improving quality o
Nukleinsure-Dekontamina
mit der ExitusPlus-Tec tion
hnologie
Die moderne Gentechnik

zeigt, dass in vielen Fllen
schon freie DNA-Molekle
fr Infektionen, Rekombin
ationen oder biologische
Transformationen ausreiche
n
[1,2]. Zustzlich werden
die Nachweisverfahren
fr DNA-Molekle immer
sensitiver. Daher wird die
Detektion von Kontaminationen
oder die Verhinderung
von Amplifikations-Artefakten
in der PCR fr die Gentechn
ik, die Kriminalistik, die
Biomedizin und die Hygiene
immer wichtiger. Die vollstndi
ge Dekontamination
von Gerten und Materialie
n von DNA-Moleklen wird
so zu einem entscheidenden
Faktor fr die allgemeine
biologische Sicherheit.
Using ready-to-use ELISA
brochures and applications whose use makes everyday life

in the laboratory easier.
Keywords
Take the Pink Link!
NukleinsureDekontamination
Take the Pink Link!

.com
DNA-Degradationstest
Alles oder Nichts: Erstaunlich

e Erkenntnis
Das Mittel der Wahl zur Beseitigung von
Kontaminationen durch Nukleinsuren
Kontamina
ist immer noch Chlorbleichlauge (bleach)
ein Mittel das alles zerstrt, nicht nur
die Nukleinsure. Dies hat uns veranlasst
in Kooperation mit multiBIND Biotech,
Kln, nach einer unschdlichen Alternative
zu suchen und die molekulare Wirkungsweise
sonstigen DNA-Dekontaminationsmittel
der auf dem Markt befindlichen
zu untersuchen.
suchen. Hierfr wurde unter sehr hoher
schuss) mit definierten DNA-Kontami
Belastung (groer DNA-ber
DNA-bernationen die Eigenschaften der konventionelle
n Mittel verglichen. Zwei Probleme
werden offensichtlich: Erstens werden
durch die konventionellen Mittel in keinem
Fall die DNA-Molekle effizient zerstrt
und zweitens enthalten diese Mittel Komponenten
mit stark korrosiven oder giftigen Eigenschaften
fr uns die Notwendigkeit der Neuentwicklun
. Als Fazit daraus hat sich
g einer effektiven Lsung zur DNA-Dekontam
DNA-ExitusPlus und Autoclave-Exit
ination ergeben, die wir hier als
usPlus vorstellen. Im Vergleich zu
den herkmmlichen Produkten wird
RNA schnell und effizient zerstrt, ohne
DNA und
dass das Reagenz korrosive oder giftige
Eigenschaften aufweist.
Bei der DNA-Dekontamination unterscheidet
man nach der molekularen Wirkungsweise
der eingesetzten Mittel drei Grundprinzipien zur Zerstrung oder Inaktivierung
der genetischen Information: Modifika
Modifikation, Denaturierung und Degradation.
Je nach Zusammensetzung der Mittel
knnen diese drei Prinzipien einzeln
oder in Kombination angewandt werden.
Da nach den aktuellen Erkenntnissen
zum biologischen Risikopotenzial von
freien
DNA-Moleklen fr eine wirklich sichere
DNA-Dekontamination die Zerlegung
dieser DNA-Molekle in mglichst kleine
Fragmente die wirkungsvollste Methode
wurden die gngigen konventionelle
tionellenn Mittel mit unserer Neuentwicklun
ist,
g DNA-ExitusPlus im DNA-Degradat
glichen. Der DNA-Degradationstest erlaubt
ionstest ver
vereinen sensitiven, quantitativen Vergleich
der Geschwindigkeit des DNA-Abbaus
(Abb. 1 und 2).
Unerwarteter Weise haben wir festgestellt,
dass einige der bekannten kommerziellen
Mittel nur mit dem Prinzip der Modifikation oder Denaturierung der DNA-Molekle
arbeiten. Eine Zerlegung der DNA-Strnge
genetische Informa
erfolgt dabei nicht, sondern die
Information, fr die diese DNA-Strnge
kodieren, wird eigentlich nur maskiert.
der DNA-Molekle durch Entfernung
Eine chemische Demaskierung
der blockierenden Gruppen wrde die
genetische Information wieder lesbar
plifizierbar machen. Nach dem heutigen
und amWissensstand zur Gentechnik und der
Problematik der Neukombination von
trgern sind solche Mittel eigentlich nicht
Erbmehr zeitgem. Aber auch die Mittel,
die zu einer nachweisbaren Degradation
.com
PCR-Test
Autoklavieren von DNA
AppliCations
because after storage of some
Keywords
Immunoassays
Antibody Stabilisation
ELISA Plates
Cross-reactivity
Interfering effects
Dekontamination der Haut

und Hnde von Nukleinsure
n
AppliCations
No.6
Size-Exclusion Chromato
graphy
for purification of biomolec
ules
Freie Nukleinsuren verursach

en als Kontaminationen
groe Probleme im
Forschungs- und molekular
biologisch-analytischen oder
klinisch-diagnostischen
Labor. Durch die extrem hohe
Sensitivitt von DNA-Nach
weistests, knnen kleinste
Verunreinigungen in PCR-Ans
tzen zustzliche Arbeit bedeuten
und im schlimmsten Fall Ergebnisse verflsch
en. Mit Derma-ExitusPlus
(HHDK) aus der Serie
von ExitusPlus-Produkten
wird erstmals ein vllig
neuer Anwendungsbereich
erschlossen bzw. zustzlich
e Kontaminationsquellen
ausgeschlossen.
Size-exclusion chromatog
raphy (SEC) is a popular method
to separate biomolecules
based on their size. Primarily,
it is applied to the separation
of biopolymers such as
proteins and nucleic acids,
i.e. water-soluble polymers.
This system is also called
gel
filtration, typically with beads
of dextran or agarose serving
as gel matrix. Smaller
molecules pass significant
ly slower through the column
than larger molecules. Not
to
be mixed up with gel electropho
resis, there are big difference
s in terms of the
separation principle. SEC
does not require electric current
and the sieving effect will
not separate small molecules
first.
Size Marker 2010 AppliChem
ine der Hauptquellen fr Kontamination

en mit Nukleinsuren ist der Experimentato
r selbst. Die Nukleinsuren stammen
B. aus Hautschuppen, Haaren und Speichel
oder von Mikroorganismen, die seine
Haut besiedeln oder z.B. beim Niesen
eigesetzt werden. Gelangen diese in
die PCR-Anstze oder PCR-Reagenzi
en, knnen s
Keywords
It is indeed correct that smaller molecules
pass more slowly through t
new measur
days the plates d
Why is there such a great difference

in storage between h
The reason is that in professional ELISA
kit production the plates are not
easy to perform process has been an industry
standard for thirty years. Fo
coating stabiliser solution. It is just as
simple as a second blocking step
lutions freely available in low volumes for
use in research lab until now. AppliC
in volumes starting as small as 50 ml, which
is called the AppliCoat Plate Stabi
to-use and has a great advantage compared
to almost any stabiliser used
antibodies and antigens than most other
products do. And there is a secon
Two benefits with one solution
When antibodies are coated onto ELISA
plates, most of the antibodies are not
into close contact to the plastics surface
of the ELISA plate, conformational ch
The result is that most antibodies coated
on a plate are unfolded or inactive. O
active and can bind to analytes and this
is greatly variable depending on the s
really differ from batch to batch or even
from well to well.
These differences from well to well can
affect the variability of an assay, bec
way of refolding antibodies and of preserving
antibodies from conformati
decrease such variabilities in assay performance.
This is a key benefit of Ap
coated proteins to refold and then to
preserve active conformation over a lo
antibody conformation of some of the
coated antibodies and 2. Preserving c
fits are used for production of high-quality
ELISA kits as well as in resear
Stabiliser the percentage of active antibodies
will still be in the range of 28
from well to well and from plate to plate
can be minimised in most assays
depend on the used antibodies, but when
ELISA are validated (e.g. according
Validation, FDA, 2001) or according to
other validation strategies, the differe
The positive effects of AppliCoat Plate
Stabiliser are shown in Fig. 1. A sandwi
AppliChem brings advantages through knowledge.

Nr.5
characteristics of the
detection are not appropria

te. Ready-to-use EL
stored for two years at 4C
without any probl
information provided by no other catalogue in the field,

is available in German and English.
de ELISA is required b
completely different story.

For any
A comprehensive catalogue of products, with detailed

www.
kits from manufactu
times however, home-ma
the right antibodies or the
AppliCations
DNA-freie Reagenzien
und Mastermixe fr die PCR
Nr.3
Der Anteil von molekular

biologischen Nachweismethoden
ist in den letzten Jahren
erheblich gestiegen, besonder
s in den Bereichen Qualittsk
ontrolle, Forensik,
klinischer Forschung und
Diagnostik insbesondere
der Infektionsdiagnostik
.
Gerade fr diese Applikatio
nen werden hochsensitive
und gleichzeitig zuverlss
ige
PCR-Tests bentigt. Dafr
bietet AppliChem nun optimiert
e PCR-Kits an und widmet
sich explizit der Hintergru
ndproblematik, die durch
DNA belastete Reagenzie
n und
Arbeitspltze entstehen kann.
contents
1 DNA marker
1.1 Tips on the use of DNA length markers
1.2 AppliChem DNA marker overview
1.3 DNA marker
2 Dyes for nucleic acids
16
2.1 Overview
16
2.2 Methylene blue
16
2.3 Ethidium bromide
18
3 Protein marker
19
3.1 AppliChem protein marker overview
19
3.2 Precision protein markers
19
3.3 Prestained protein markers
21
4 Dyes for protein gels
24
4.1 Overview
24
4.2 Coomassie stain
24
4.3 Proteo-Dye
26
2010 AppliChem Size Marker
Tips on the use of DNA length markers
1.1
Correct storage
Deproteinised and lyophilised DNA samples are extremely stable (> 5 years). Problems do not usually occur unless DNA
markers in solution are stored (> 6 weeks) at room temperature, they become contaminated with bacteria, or are frequently thawed and refrozen (> 20 times). After dissolution of the DNA, we therefore recommend aliquoting of the DNA marker
in ready-to-use aliquots for storage at -20C (for 2-4 years). At +4C, markers in solution are stable for several weeks
or even months. Here, however, there is the risk of bacterial or nuclease contamination. This can be prevented by storage
at -20C.
End-labeling
Thanks to their deproteinised and lyophilised form, these DNA markers are suitable for universal use for end-labeling with
modified nucleotides. Labeling in four positions via the terminal EcoR I generated recessed ends is possible, especially with
the DNA ladder 100 bp (A3470) and the DNA Ladder Mix 100-5000 (A3660). For the labeling of the DNA, the product is
simply dissolved in TE buffer or bidistilled water.
DNA staining with methylene blue

Occasionally, ethidium bromide is not suitable for staining DNA. An alternative is methylene blue. In such cases, however, it
must be kept in mind that the mass of DNA used must be increased by about 30 % and that about 1.5 h more must be planned
for destaining steps. With a methylene blue concentrate supplied by AppliChem, you achieve very good results, even for small
fragments of about 200 bp.
Mass calculations for single fragments

Using DNA markers of a defined origin, the calculation of the mass of single fragments is relatively easy. The amount loaded
per lane, e.g. 1 g/10 l, is divided by the number of base pairs of the DNA used and is multiplied by the fragment size. For
example: the 267 bp fragment of the pBR322 Hae III marker with a loading amount of 1 g: 1 g : 4361 bp (pBR322) =
0.229 ng/base pair x 267 bp of the fragment = 61.2 ng/267 fragment.
Assuming comparable staining (saturation with dye), the mass of unknown fragments can be determined in this way. If
required, concentration gradients can be loaded.
Less is often more

The different gel formats for agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the varying sensitivity of staining or detection mean that it is only possible to give an approximation of the recommended DNA amount to be loaded. Most DNA markers show the best separation with loading amounts of 0.5-1 g on agarose gels. The general rule is: the lower the number
of marker bands, the smaller the total amount needed. A low loading amount is also of advantage with short migration
distances or very sensitive detection. When using polyacrylamide gels, generally only about 1/5-1/2 the amount required for
agarose gels is necessary. For DNA markers with large fragments and a high mass (e.g. equimolar mixtures or lambda DNA
markers), depending on the agarose concentration, a minimum separation distance is required to separate or completely
distinguish between the dominant upper bands in terms of width. This separation distance can often be reduced by 10-15
% by reducing the marker amount. By using equalized markers, in addition to a marked reduction of the marker amount,
the separation distance can be reduced by a further 10-15 %, from e.g. 70 to 50 mm, on a standard format gel, to obtain
the best results.
i n t r o
2
How to achieve results quickly

Especially deproteinised DNA length markers can be separated very well using high voltages, e.g. within 20 minutes with a
migration distance of 70 mm on a 1.2 % agarose gel at 120 Volt. This can only be realized, however, with a high quality gel
migration buffer (the water quality must be taken into account!) and an adequate amount of buffer (400-600 ml). Poor
buffer quality results in overheating of the agarose gel at higher voltages and this therefore causes problems. A high buffer
volume (the buffer can usually be reused 4-6 times in one week without problems) leads the heat off, provided the gel
chamber for submersion is of adequate size.
Staining front too intense?

In some cases, users who regularly perform assays with our products sometimes comment that the dye concentration in the
gel loading buffer we supply is too high (only lyophilised markers). If this is the case, simply dissolve the DNA length marker
in double concentration in the gel loading buffer and further dilute it with 1/2 volume TE buffer. Even when using a 50 %
solution, there are no problems with the resulting 7 % glycerol concentration to increase the solution density.
Plausibility of the results and ion concentrations:

Non-plausible results (e.g. unexpected fragment runs at 500 bp instead of 350 bp) may occur under relatively extreme
conditions (separation of restriction or PCR samples with a very high salt content > 150 mM) or at very high voltages with
relatively short separation distances. To identify errors, 1/10 volume restriction buffer can be added to the aliquot of the DNA
marker, for example, or the restriction sample can be appropriately diluted with gel loading buffer (usually 1/2 volume). In
many cases, lowering the voltage during separation is also helpful. The accurate determination of the size of fragments or
PCR products may also be impaired, when salt fronts combined with local problems of leading off heat with conducting away
heat and very high electrophoresis voltages, result in partial denaturation of the DNA fragments. These are conditions that
theoretically may also occur when processing samples from Maxam-Gilbert sequencing in combination with sample buffers
containing formamide.
d u c t i o n

Prod. No.
A3470
A5191
A3302
A5216
A3660
A3982
A8640
A2667
A5207
A6430
A7215
A7222
A4406
A5229
A6927
A5194
A4412
A5220
A5589
A5223
A5235
A3996
DNA Marker
Bands
DNA Ladder 100 bp (lyophilised)
11
DNA Ladder 100 bp
10
DNA Ladder 100 bp equalized (lyophilised)
11
DNA Ladder 100 bp plus
11
DNA Ladder Mix 100-5000 (lyophilised)
17
16
DNA Ladder 250 bp plus (lyophilised)
15
DNA Ladder 1 kb (lyophilised)
11
DNA Ladder 1 kb
13
DNA Ladder 1 kb concatamer (lyophlised)
>25
DNA Marker quick-run (lyophylised)
5
DNA Marker quick-run extended (lyophylised)
9
DNA Marker pBR322 - Hae III (lyophilised)
22
DNA Marker pBR322 - Hae III
22
DNA Marker pBR328 Mix (lyophilised)
12
DNA Marker Phage Lambda Sty I
11
DNA Marker Phage Lambda BstE II (lyophilised)
BstE II (lyophilised)
Bst
14
DNA Marker Phage Lambda BstE II
BstE II
Bst
14
DNA Marker Phage Lambda Hind III (lyophilised)
Hind III (lyophilised)
Hind
8
DNA Marker Phage Lambda Hind III
Hind III
Hind
8
DNA Marker pUC19 - Msp I
12
DNA Marker pUC19 - Msp I (lyophilised)
12
Fragment Sizes [bp]

1000
900
800
700
1000
900
800
700
1000
900
800
700
1500
1000
900
800
5000
4000
3000
2500
8000
6000
5000
4000
12000 10000 8000
6000
10000
8000
6000
5000
10000
8000
6000
5000
1000 bp steps (1000-approx. 25000)
2500
2000
1500
1000
6000
4000 25000
2000
587
540
502
458
587
540
502
458
2176
1766
1230
1033
19329
7743
6223
4254
8454
7242
6369
5686
8454
7242
6369
5686
23130
9416
6557
4361
23130
9400
6557
4361
501
489
404
331
501
489
404
331
600
600
600
700
2000
3000
5000
4000
4000
500
500
500
600
1500
2750
4000
3000
3000
400
400
400
500
1000
2500
3000
2500
2500
500
1500
434
434
653
3472
4822
4822
2322
2322
242
242
1000
267
267
517
2690
4324
4324
2027
2027
190
190
500
234
234
453
1882
3675
3675
564
564
147
147
Lyophilised markers
Starting material
The DNA in our lyophilised length markers is amplified in low-nuclease host bacteria, restricted with quality enzymes, and
is deproteinised. This ensures that they contain high-quality, low-protein or nuclease-free products with very good migration
properties on agarose, agar and polyacrylamide gels.
Quality control
Numerous gel separations of undigested plasmids and digested fragments form part of the manufacturing process. The
fragment mass is determined using two calibrated photometers via conversion (1 OD260 nm = 50 g dsDNA) and is aliquoted
at 100 % (+2 %). Each batch of DNA and gel loading buffer is subject to a final quality check using gel electrophoresis.
Stability
Lyophilisation of the DNA markers results in very stable products, without any significant impairment of quality at
room temperature after transport (even at the height of summer, > 35C for several days) or after long storage times
(> 4 years at -20C).
Resuspension
Before use, lyophilised DNA markers can be dissolved in gel loading buffer or optional for end-labeling in sterile, bidistilled
water. The lyophilised form allows you the highest degree of flexibility (labeling, concentration, intensity of staining
bands).
Legal note
The DNA ladders were manufactured by digestion of plasmids with EcoR I. The plasmids are legally protected. To produce
copies apply for a permission from the manufacturer.
300
300
300
400
900
2250
2000
2000
2000
200
200
200
300
800
2000
1750
1500
1500
150
100
150
200
700
1750
1500
1000
1000
100

100
100
600
1500
1250
500
750

500
1250
1000

500

400
1000
750

250

300
750
500

200
500
250

150
250

100

200
213
213
394
1489
2323
2323
125
125
111
111
100
192
192
298
925
1929
1929

110
110
184
184
234
421
1371
1371

67
67
124
124
220
74
1264
1264

34
34
123
123
154

702
702

26
26
104
104
89
89
80
80
64
64

224
224

117
117

1.2

57
57
51
51
21
21
18
18
11
11
8
8
selection guide
DNA marker
A3470
DNA size standard for medium-sized fragments and PCR products

Description
The fragments of this size marker occur in equimolar proportions, i.e. also all possible marking
positions on the terminal EcoR I generated recessed ends. The band mass increases with fragment
length. The DNA is deproteinized and lyophilized. This marker is particularly suitable for comparisons with medium-sized DNA fragments and PCR products. The 500 base pair band mass has
been doubled for easier orientation on 1.5-2.0 agarose gels. The size and mass of plasmid in - sertions or PCR products can be determined precisely in the range of up to 1000 base pairs at
intervals of 100 base pairs. An additional band with 150 base pairs has been included for the
deter mination of smaller PCR products. The best results are achieved after a migration distance of
approx. 70-80 mm on agarose gels. Each lane of a normal sized agarose gel (approx. 80 ml)

should be loaded with approx. 0.4-0.8 g of marker. Loading buffer is supplied separately.
Number of bands
11
Fragment sizes (bp) 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500 (x2), 400, 300, 200, 150, 100
Supplied with 1 ml 10 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5); 5 mM sodium acetate; 2 mM EDTA; 10 % glycerol;
loading buffer (1X) 0.02 % bromophenol blue; 0.015 % xylene cyanol
Storage
-20C
Loading volume
0.4-0.8 g per lane
Package size
A3470,0050
50 g
1.3
The quality of lyophilised DNA sizing standards differs considerably from products offered by most other manu
facturers thanks to the elaborate manufacturing method, which also fulfils the highest quality requirements!
The digested DNA is not simply precipitated and resuspended, but also extracted in phenol. This guarantees the
extremely long shelf-life without any loss of quality. Not only the prices should therefore be compared.
DNA Ladder 100 bp
A5191
Description
1 00 bp DNA ladder is ideal for determining the size of double-stranded DNA from 100 to 1 000
base pairs. The 100 bp and 500 bp fragments are present at increased intensity to allow easy

identification. All fragments are blunt-ended.
Number of bands
10
Fragment sizes (bp) 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500 x 2, 400, 300, 200, 100 x 2
Storage buffer
10 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.8), 10 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA
Concentration
0.2 mg/ml
Storage
-20C
Loading volume
1 g per lane
Package sizes
A5191,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 l)

A5191,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
Assay conditions:
1.7 % agarose
DNA Ladder 100 bp equalized (lyophilised)
A3302
DNA size standard for medium-sized fragments and PCR products

Description
With this marker, the band mass of the larger fragments have been reduced and have
been reinforced for the smaller fragments (as compared to marker A3470) by up to
a factor or 4.5. The result is an even appearance in intensity of the individual bands.
The mol number of the fragments decreases from the larger to the smaller fragments,
as do the possible marking positions on the terminal EcoR I generated recessed ends.
The 500 bp band, with an increase in mass of a factor of 3, enables rapid orientation on
1.5-2.0 % agarose gels. Thanks to the even distribution, a shorter migration distance is
needed for the larger fragments, in order to achieve a clear distinction between the bands.
The best results are achieved after a migration distance of approx. 60-80 mm on agarose
gels. Each lane of a normal sized agarose gel (approx. 80 ml) should be loaded with approx.
0.2-0.5 g of marker. The equalized 100 bp ladder is therefore very economical in use.

Loading buffer is supplied separately.
Number of bands
11
Fragment sizes (bp) 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500 (x3), 400, 300, 200, 150, 100
Supplied with 1 ml 10 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5); 5 mM sodium acetate; 2 mM EDTA;
loading buffer (1X) 10 % glycerol; 0.02 % bromophenol blue; 0.015 % xylene cyanol
Loading volume
0.2-0.5 g per lane
Storage
-20C
Package size
A3302,0020
20 g
DNA marker
6
DNA Ladder 100 bp plus

Description

Number of bands
Fragment sizes (bp)

Concentration

Storage

Loading
Package sizes

A5216
100 bp + 1.5 kb DNA Ladder is suitable for sizing linear doubles tranded DNA fragments from 0.1 to 1.5 kb. Use in combination with a
loading buffer (please see our present catalog for a list of loading
buffers).
11
1500, 1000 (x2), 900, 800, 700, 600, 500 (x2), 400, 300, 200, 100 (x2).
The 500 bp and 1 kb bands are brighter than the other bands in the ladder.
The marker is supplied in a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml
in 10 mM Tris HCl (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM NaCl.
Store at -20C. Prepare small aliquots to prevent repeated
freeze & thawing!
We recommend loading of 0.4-0.6 g (2-3 l) per lane.
A5216,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 l)
A5216,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
DNA Ladder Mix 100-5000 (lyophilised)
Assay conditions:
1.7 % agarose
A3660
DNA size standard for the determination of the size of medium-sized fragments and plasmids
Description
The 100 bp ladder (A3470) was extended with fragments in the size range

of 1500-5000. The extension by 40 % mass in the larger fragments means easy
orientation from 1500 bp upwards on 1.2-1.5 % agarose gels. In addition to small and
large plasmid insertions and PCR products, the size and quantity of plasmid vectors
can also be determined. The best results are achieved after a migration distance
of 80-90 mm on agarose gels with loading volumes of 0.5-0.8 g per lane on

standard sized gels.
Number of bands
17
Fragment sizes (bp) 5000, 4000, 3000, 2500, 2000, 1500, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600,

500 (x2), 400, 300, 200, 150, 100.
Supplied with 1 ml 10 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5); 5 mM sodium acetate; 2 mM EDTA;
loading buffer (1X) 10 % glycerol; 0.02 % bromophenol blue; 0.015 % xylene cyanol
Loading volume
0.5-0.8 g per lane (for good staining properties with ethidium bromide)
Migration distance Best results are achieved after a migration distance of 70-90 mm.
Storage
-20C. Avoid repeated thawing and refreezing. Portioning in small aliquots is

recommended. The lyophilised product is stable for many weeks even at room

temperature!
Package size
A3660,0050
50 g
This sizing standard was manufactured using digestion of 7 plasmids with EcoR I. The plasmids are legally
p rotected. Permission to produce copies must be sought from the manufacturer. The DNA was deproteinised,
precipitated and lyophilised after digestion with phenol/chloroform. If the fragments are to be labeled, the marker
should be dissolved in distilled water (10 minutes at room temperature, shaking occasionally).
A3982
Universal DNA size standard for the determination of the size of plasmids and their DNA insertions
Description
With its two clearly reinforced bands at 2500 and 1500 base pairs, the 250 bp ladder enables

rapid orientation on 1.0-1.2 % agarose gels. Using gel electrophoresis, with intervals of 250 base
pairs in a range of 250-3000 base pairs, it is possible after restriction to determine clearly and
precisely, for example, large plasmid insertions, and vector plasmids above 3000 base pairs with
intervals of 1-2 kb. In comparison to DNA markers with equimolar band distribution, the mass of
the smaller bands of this 250 bp ladder up to 1000 bp has been reinforced and the larger bands
above 3000 bp have been reduced. This means that optimum results are already achieved after
a migration distance of 60-80 mm on agarose gels and that small amounts of about 0.7 g per

lane can be used with standard sized agarose gels (80 ml).
Number of bands
16
Fragment sizes (bp) 8000, 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, 2750, 2500 (x3), 2250, 2000, 1750, 1500 (x3), 1250, 1000, 750,
500, 250
Loading volume
0.4-0.8 g per lane (for good staining properties with ethidium bromide)
Migration distance Best results are achieved after a migration distance of 75-85 mm.
Storage
-20C. Avoid repeated thawing and refreezing. Portioning in small aliquots is recommended. The
lyophilised product is stable for many weeks even at room temperature!
Package size
A3982,0050
50 g
This sizing standard was manufactured using digestion of plasmids with EcoR I. The plasmids are legally protected.
Permission to produce copies must be sought from the manufacturer. The DNA was deproteinised, precipitated and lyophilised
after digestion with phenol/chloroform. If the fragments are to be labeled, the marker should be dissolved in distilled water
(10 minutes at room temperature, shaking occasionally).
DNA Ladder 250 bp plus (lyophilised)
A8640
DNA size standard for genomic DNA, plasmids and their insertions
Description The DNA Ladder 250 bp plus is intended for use in the sizing of DNA fragments during
cloning and of genomic DNA. By combining two groups of fragments differing in the
fragment size range, smaller fragments (250-2000 bp) as well as plasmid vectors and
fragment of genomic DNA (3000-12000 bp) my be sized on the same gel. The mass
of the larger fragments is reduced to achieve a better separation on short distances of
70-90 mm only. The terminal Eco RI restriction sites allow for an efficient labeling of
the fragments. Best results are achieved by loading 0.8-1.0 g/lane on a 1.2 % agarose
gel (standard minigel size). The DNA is supplied deproteinized and lyophilized.
Number of fragments 15 bands
Fragments sizes (bp) 12000, 10000, 8000, 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, 2000, 1750, 1500, 1250, 1000, 750,
500, 250
Loading volume
0.4-0.8 g/lane (e.g. 1.0-1.2 % agarose gel)
Storage
Store at -20C. Store as small aliquots, if resuspended.
Package size
A8640,0050
50 g
DNA Ladder 1 kb (lyophilised)
A2667
Description

The size of medium-sized plasmids and fragments can be determined with 11 DNA bands
between 10,000 and 500 base pairs. Unlike the equimolar distribution of the bands in other
DNA markers and the long migration distance necessary with these for the separation
of large fragments, the mass of the larger bands of the 1 kbp DNA ladder has been
reduced. This permits relatively short separation distances for a 1 kbp DNA ladder
(approx. 70 mm on 1.2 % agarose gels) and means that it is very economical in use
(0.4-0.6 g per lane, or 400 separations) on normal sized gels. Loading buffer is
supplied separately. The fragments have terminal EcoR I generated recessed ends.

The DNA is deproteinized and lyophilized.
Number of bands
11
Fragment sizes (bp): 10000, 8000, 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, 2500, 2000, 1500, 1000, 500
Loading volume
0.4-0.6 g per lane
Storage
-20C
Package sizes
A2667,0050
50 g

A2667,0200
4 x 50 g
DNA marker
DNA Ladder 1 kb
A5207
Description

1 kb DNA Ladder is a convenient marker for determining the size of

d ouble-stranded DNA from 250 to 10,000 base pairs. The 1,000 and
3,000 bp fragments have increased intensity relative to the other bands
on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels, and serve as reference

indicators. All fragments are blunt-ended.
Number of bands
13
Fragment sizes (kb) 10.0, 8.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0 (x2), 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 (x2), 0.75,

0.5, 0.25
Storage buffer
Concentration
0.2 mg/ml
Storage
-20C
Package sizes
A5207,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 l)

A5207,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
DNA Ladder 1 kb concatamer (lyophilised)
A6430
DNA size marker as alternative to irregular l-fragments (from 1 to approx. 25 kb)

Description
A partial ligation of 1000 bp Hind III fragments results in a DNA ladder ranging from 1000 to

approx. 22000 bp in 0.8 to 1% gels using standard agarose (Prod.-No. A2114; separation
range up to approx. 25 kbp). The upper limit of the fragment ligation results in the main
mass of the ligation products in the separation range optimal for standard agaroses (agar).
For a better orientation, the 3000 bp and 10,000 bp bands are brighter. Optimal results will be achieved
after a distance of approximately 80-100 mm in agarose gels and a loading volume of approximately
1 g per lane in normal-sized gels. This 1000 bp concatamer ladder may be applied either in reduced
loading volumes (for a seperation range e.g. < 10000 bp) or in increased volumes (> 15000 bp).
Even under optimized ligation conditions, an intramolecular religation may occur, especially with
smaller fragments. Therefore, at high gel loading volumes, ligation products (closed circles) have been

observed between the 1000 and 3000 bp bands. For a better orientation, the 3000 bp band is brighter.
Number of bands
> 25
Fragment sizes (bp) 1 000 bp steps (1000 - approx. 25000)
Loading volume
approx. 1.0 g per lane
Migration distance Optimum results after a distance of 15-25 mm only.
Storage
-20C.
Package size
A6430,0050
50 g
This marker has been designed as an alternative for irregular DNA fragment markers, for the separation in standard low endoosmosis agarose
(Prod.-No. A2114; separation range 70 bp to approximately 25 kbp). In comparison to other concatamer markers, it has a reduced mass in the
non-separating range (high molecular weight range), resulting in a better resolution (good readings up to 24 kbp). For applications requiring
a good separation in the high molecular weight range pulsed-field electrophoresis is recommended. Due to the production procedure (ligation
of 1000 bp Hind III fragments), it is impossible to determine the specific mass of a single band. The DNA of this marker (50 g sufficient for
approximately 100 loadings) is deproteinised, Iyophilised and is supplied with 1 ml of the 1 x gel loading buffer.
DNA Marker quick-run (lyophilised)
A7215
DNA size standard for determination of DNA fragments after short gel runs (15 - 25 mm)
Description
This marker is ideal for use with mini gels, since its bands are separated very well even
after very short gel runs as short as 15-25 mm in an e. g. 1.5-1.8 % agarose gel. The
single bands have been equalized in terms of their mass. The 1500 bp fragment has
an increased mass for better orientation. Optimum results are achieved in a 1.5-1.8
% agarose gel with as little as 0.25 g of the marker per lane (normal sized mini gel).
Please note that the DNA fragments have to be saturated with ethidium bromide in

the running buffer during the separation.
Number of bands
5
Fragment sizes (bp) 2500, 2000, 1500 *, 1000, 500

The mass of the marked fragment* has been increased for better orientation.
loading buffer (1X) 0.015 % bromophenol blue
Loading volume
0.25 g per lane (for a good detection with ethidium bromide)
Migration distance Optimum results after a distance of 15-25 mm only.
Storage
-20C. Prevent repeated freezing and thawing (> 20x). We recommend to prepare

small aliquots. The lyophilised form is stable even for weeks at ambient temperature
Package size
A7215,0050
50 g
This marker is made of plasmids with specific mutagenesis sites. The Eco RI-digested DNA has been deproteinized with phenol/chloroform,
desalted, precipitated and lyophilised. Resuspend the DNA in the sterile-filtered gel loading buffer (supplied with the marker) by incubation for
10 minutes at room temperature with occasional shaking.
10
DNA Marker quick-run extended (lyophilised)
A7222
DNA size standard for determination of DNA fragments after short gel runs (35 mm)
Description This marker is ideal for use with mini or midi gels, since its bands are separated
very well even after very short gel runs as short as 35 mm in an e. g. 1.2 % agarose
gel. The single bands have been equalized in terms of their mass. The 1500 bp
fragment has an increased mass for better orientation. Optimum results are achieved

with as little as 0.3-0.5 g of the marker per lane (normal-sized mini/midi gel).
Number of bands
9
Fragment sizes (bp) 6000, 4000, 2500, 2000, 1500*, 1000, 500, 200, 100

The mass of the marked fragment* has been increased for better orientation.
loading buffer (1X) 0.015 % bromophenol blue
Loading volume
0.3 - 0.5 g per lane

(for a good detection with ethidium bromide in a mini or midi gel)
Storage -20C. Prevent repeated freezing and thawing (> 20x). We recommend to prepare

small aliquots. The lyophilised form is stable even for weeks at ambient temperature!
Package size
A7222,0050
50 g
This marker is made of plasmids with specific mutagenesis sites. The Eco RI-digested DNA has been deproteinized with phenol/chloroform, desalted, precipitated and lyophilised. Resuspend the DNA in the sterile-filtered gel
loading buffer (supplied with the marker) by incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature with occasional
shaking.
DNA marker
DNA Marker pBR322 - Hae III (lyophilised)
A4406
DNA size standard for high-percentage agarose gels and polyacrylamide gels
Description
Plasmid pBR322 was digested with Hae III, deproteinized and lyophilized. This

marker is particularly suited to comparisons with small PCR fragments and DNA
from restriction samples on polyacrylamide gels or high-percentage agarose gels
(> 2.2 %). The best results are achieved after a migration distance of approx.
70-80 mm on agarose gels or 100 mm on 6-8 % polyacrylamide gels. Each lane of
a normal sized gel (approx. 80 ml) should be loaded with approx. 1 g of marker

for agarose gels or 0.5 g for PAA gels. Loading buffer is supplied separately.
Number of bands
22
Fragment sizes (bp) 587, 540, 502, 458, 434, 267, 234, 213, 192, 184, 124, 123, 104, 89, 80, 64, 57,

51, 21, 18, 11, 8
Loading volume
0.5-1.0 g per lane
Storage
-20C
Package size
A4406,0050
50 g
Please note! Extremely small fragments can only be visualized on high-percentage PAA gels.
11
DNA Marker pBR322 - Hae III

Description
Number of bands
Fragment sizes (bp)

Storage buffer
Concentration
Storage
Package sizes

A5229
This marker is generated by digestion of the plasmid pBR322 with Hae III.
22
587, 540, 502, 458, 434, 267, 234, 213, 192, 184, 124, 123, 104, 89, 80, 64, 57,
51, 21, 18, 11, 8
0.2 mg/ml
-20C
A5229,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 L)
A5229,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
Assay conditions:
1.7 % agarose
DNA Marker pBR328 Mix (lyophilised)
A6927
DNA size standard for middle-sized fragments and PCR products

Description
Plasmid pBR328 was digested with Hinf I and Bgl I, respectively, deproteinised and
lyophilised. The fragments have been mixed in an equimolar ratio. This marker is
particularly suitable for comparison with PCR fragments (e.g. food diagnostics) and
DNA from restriction samples on agarose gels with sizes between 150 and 2000 base
pairs. The concise distribution of fragments of the marker makes this product ideal
for long and short gel runs with running distances of 70-80 mm (1.5 % agarose
gel). Load 1 g of the marker per lane of a normal sized agarose gel (approx. 80 ml

Loading buffer is supplied separately.
Number of bands
12
Fragment sizes (bp) 2176; 1766; 1230; 1033; 653; 517; 453; 394; 298; 234; 220; 154
Loading volume
1.0 g per lane
Storage
-20C. Prevent repeated freezing and thawing (> 20x). We recommend to prepare

small aliquots. The lyophilised form is stable even for weeks at ambient temperature!
Package sizes
A6927,0050
50 g
Resuspend the DNA in the sterile-filtered gel loading buffer (supplied with the marker) for 10 minutes at room
temperature by occasional shaking.
DNA
12
DNA Marker Phage Lambda - Sty I

Description

Number of bands
Fragment sizes (bp)
Storage buffer
Concentration
Storage
Package sizes

A5194
Lambda DNA (cI857 Sam 7) Sty I markers are prepared by digesting Lambda
DNA with Sty I, followed by inactivation of the enzyme. The DNA fragments
are then ethanol-precipitated and resuspended in the storage buffer.
11
19329*; 7743; 6223; 4254*; 3472; 2690; 1882; 1489; 925; 421; 74
10 mM Tris HCl (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA
0.2-0.5 g/l
-20C
A5194,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 l)
A5194,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
Please note! The cohesive ends of fragments 1 and 4 (*) may cause the formation of an extra band (23583 bp).
The fragments may be separated by heating to 65C for 3 minutes before loading the sample onto the gel.
DNA Marker Phage Lambda - BstE II (lyophilised)
A4412
DNA size standard made of phage DNA for the determination of large DNA fragments (digestion of genomic DNA)
Description

Natural lambda DNA was digested with BstE II, deproteinized and lyophilized. This
arker is suitable for comparisons with fragment sizes between 8400 and 700 base
m
pairs. The best results are achieved after a migration distance of approx. 80-90 mm
on 1.0-1.2 % agarose gels. Each lane of a normal sized gel (approx. 80 ml) should

be loaded with approx. 1 g of marker. Loading buffer is supplied separately.
Number of bands
14
Fragment sizes (bp) 8454*, 7242, 6369, 5686*, 4822, 4324, 3675, 2323, 1929, 1371, 1264, 702,

224, 117
Loading volume
1.0 g per lane
Storage
-20C
Package size
A4412,0100
2 x 50 g
Please note! The cohesive ends of fragments 1 and 4 (*) may form an additional band (14140 bp). Before loading
onto the gel, the fragments can be separated by heating to 65C for 5 minutes with subsequent incubation on ice.
marker

13
DNA Marker Phage Lambda - BstE II

Description

Number of fragments
Fragment sizes (bp)

Storage buffer
Concentration
Storage
Package sizes

A5220
Phage Lambda (cI857 Sam 7)DNA/BstE II markers are prepared by digesting

L ambda DNA with BstE II, followed by inactivation of the enzyme. The DNA
fragments are then ethanol-precipitated and resuspended in the storage buffer.
14
8454*, 7242, 6369, 5686*, 4822, 4324, 3675, 2323, 1929, 1371, 1264, 702,
224, 117
0.2-0.5 g/l
Store at -20C
A5220,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 l)
A5220,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
Please note! The cohesive ends of fragments 1 and 4 (*) may cause the formation of an extra band (14140 bp).
DNA Marker Phage Lambda - Hind III (lyophilised)
A5589
DNA size standard made of phage DNA for the determination of large DNA fragments (digestion of genomic DNA)
Description

Natural lambda DNA was digested with Hind III, deproteinized and lyophilized. This
marker is suitable for comparisons with large to medium-sized fragments between
23,000 and 600 base pairs. The best results are achieved after a migration distance of
approx. 80-90 mm on 1.0-1.2% agarose gels. Each lane of a normal sized gel (approx.
80 ml) should be loaded with approx. 0.5-0.8 g of marker. Loading buffer is

supplied separately.
Number of bands
8
Fragment sizes (bp) 23130*; 9416; 6557; 4361*; 2322; 2027; 564; 125
Loading volume
0.5-0.8 g per lane
Storage
-20C
Package size
A5589,0100
2 x 50 g
Please note! The cohesive ends of fragments 1 and 4 (*) may form an additional band (27491 bp). Before loading
onto the gel, the fragments can be separated by heating to 65C for 5 minutes with subsequent incubation on ice.
DNA marker
14
DNA Marker Phage Lambda - Hind III
A5223
Description
L ambda DNA (cI857 Sam 7)/Hind III markers are prepared by digesting Lambda DNA with
Hind III, followed by heat-inactivation of the enzyme. The DNA fragments are then ethanolprecipitated and resuspended instorage buffer.
Number of bands
8
Fragment sizes (bp) 23130*; 9400; 6557; 4361*; 2322; 2027; 564; 125
Storage buffer
Concentration
0.2-0.5 g/l
Storage
-20C
Package sizes
A5223,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 l)

A5223,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
Please note! The cohesive ends of fragments 1 and 4 (*) may cause formation of an extra band (27491 bp).
DNA Marker pUC19 - Msp I

Description
Number of bands
Fragment sizes (bp)
Storage buffer
Concentration
Storage
Package sizes

A5235
Digestion of the pUC19 plasmid yields 12 fragments.

12 (9 visible)
501, 489, 404, 331, 242, 190, 147, 111, 110, 67, 34x2, 26
0.2 mg/ml
-20C
A5235,0005
0.05 mg (= 250 l)
A5235,0025
0.25 mg (= 1.25 ml)
Assay conditions:
1.7 % agarose
DNA Marker pUC19 - Msp I (lyophilised)
A3996
DNA size standard for high-percentage agarose gels and polyacrylamide gels
Description Plasmid pUC19 was digested with Msp I, deproteinized and lyophilized. This marker is particularly suitable for comparisons with small PCR fragments and DNA from restriction samples on
polyacrylamide gels or high-percentage agarose gels. The bands at 501/489 bp and 111/110 bp
have approx. double mass and provide rapid orientation after a short migration distance on 2.02.2 % agarose gels. The best results are achieved after a migration distance of approx. 50-70 mm
on agarose gels or 100 mm on 6-8 % polyacrylamide gels. Each lane of a normal sized agarose
gel (approx. 80 ml) should be loaded with approx. 0.5-1.0 g of marker. Loading buffer is
supplied separately.
Number of bands
12
Fragment sizes (bp) 501, 489, 404, 331, 242, 190, 147, 111, 110, 67, 34, 26
Loading volume
0.5-1.0 g per lane
Storage
-20C
Package size
A3996,0050
50 g
Please note! Extremely small fragments can only be visualized using high-percentage and high-quality agarose gels (> 2.2
%) with large mass of fragments.
15
2.1 dyes for nucleic
Prod.-No.
Description
DNA/RNA Dye Complex
A1398
Acridine orange
dsDNA/RNA green fluorescence;

ssDNA/RNA red fluorescence
A0691
Crystal violet
DNA (purple-red)
A1001
DAPI
specific binding to AT-Base pairs;

intercalation into GC-Base pairs; white-blue fluorescence
A1151
Ethidium bromide*
DNA intercalation
A2388
Malachite green oxalate
DNA
A1402
Methylene blue
DNA, RNA-staining at acidic pH
A5595
DNA-Dye Methylene blue
DNA
A1403
Methyl green
specific binding to AT-rich sequences; DNA (green)
A0581
Methyl orange (C.I. 13025)

A3918
Nile blue
DNA intercalation (blue)
A2261
Propidium iodide
DNA-intercalator; no uptake into living cells
A1406
Pyronin Y
DNA/RNA (red)
A3944
Silver nitrate
DNA (brown)
A1400
Stains all
RNA (blue-violet)
* There are several ready-to-use solutions available!

A1152 Ethidium bromide - Solution 1 % BioChemica

A2273 Ethidium bromide - Solution 0.07 % dropper-bottle

Excitation/Emission (Detection)
490 nm / 525 nm

590 nm
365 nm / 450 nm
260-360 nm or 546 nm / 590 nm

626 nm
297 nm / 672 nm
297 nm / 672 nm
638 nm

630 nm / 673 nm
530 nm / 625 nm
488-530 nm / 565-574 nm

DNA-Dye Methylene blue
A5595
Nontoxic solution for the staining of nucleic acids in agarose gels

Amount
10 ml 200-fold methylene blue dye concentrate
Storage
2-8C
Stability
18-24 months (shake well before use)
Package size
A5595,0010
10 ml
Protocol for staining with DNA-Dye Methylene blue:
The DNA marker

Phage Lambda-Hind III
(A5589) was loaded
on the 1st lane (*).
16
Approx. 50 ml 1X DNA-Dye Methylene blue staining solution are required to stain an agarose
gel with the dimensions of approx. 80 x 60 mm (width x length) and a thick ness of 3-4 mm.
The gel should be trimmed down appropriately, with the edge of a ruler for example, to
remove areas of the gel that were not used for DNA separation. The staining is performed in an
adequately sized dish, in which the gel is floated to a depth of about 5 mm with dye solution.
To prepare the DNA-Dye Methylene blue staining solution for use, 250 l are dissolved in
50 ml water. The gel is left to stain for about 20 minutes and the dish is shaken occasionally.
To reveal the bands (different staining intensities) the gel is destained with tap water several
times for about 5-10 minutes. The blue-stained DNA bands are clearly visible in transmitted light and can be
measured with a ruler or documented photographically.
Methylene blue does not stain DNA permanently: depending on the thickness of the gel and the storage temperature, the DNA bands (especially smaller fragments) may lose their staining after some time.
2.2
acids
Sensitivity
50 ng
recommended working concentration

30 g/ml
10 ng
70 ng
1 g/ml
0.1 g/ml in water
0.5 ng

40 ng
40 - 80 ng

10 ng
40 ng on agarose; 4 ng on dried gel

2.5 ng dsDNA on agarose
0.2-0.5 g/ml

0.2 % in 0.4 M NaOAc/0.4 M Acetic acid

1 g/ml
0.0005 %
1 g/ml
1 g/ml
0.05 % or 1 g/ml

Stock solution / Storage

1 g/ml in water; 2-8C
10 mg/ml in water; 2-8C
200-fold concentrated solution; 2-8C

0.25 % in water
1 g/ml in 0.25X TAE buffer (pH 8.0)
2-8C or RT
Abbreviations
DAPI (4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride); PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline); NaOAc (Sodium acetate)
PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline)
Repeated use of the 1X staining solution

The prepared 1X methylene blue staining solution can be kept in a suitable brown-glass bottle at 2-8C for
4-6 months and can be used several times. The staining period should be lengthened by about 20 % for the second use, and
by the same again for the third use. After this, the staining capacity of the solution is largely exhausted and a new solution
should be prepared.
Sensitivity
The bands in a 1 kb ladder (loading amount 1 g) can be stained with no problems. Small fragments (150 bp) can also be
stained. The decisive factors in sensitivity are the thickness of the gel, the gel:staining solution ratio, and the destaining time.
By varying the staining conditions, you can easily determine the best conditions for your system.
Handling
A laboratory coat and gloves should be worn when handling the staining solution.
Precaution
On contact with the skin or clothing, the area should be washed with large amounts of soap and water.
Short protocol
1. Dilute DNA-Dye Methylene blue 200X concentrate down to 1X (250 l DNA-Dye Methylene blue + 50 ml water)
2. Trim down the agarose gel to the smallest area possible.
3. Incubate the gel (dimensions approx. 80 x 60 mm) with 50 ml DNA-Dye Methylene blue for about 20 minutes;
shake occasionally. The staining solution should cover the gel to a depth of about 5 mm.
Please note: the staining solution can be used several times!
4. Destain repeatedly in water for 5-10 minutes.
17
dyes for nucleic acids
2.3
18
Ethidium bromide
is the most commonly used dye for staining DNA during or after polycrylamide or agarose gel electrophoresis.
Excitation with light at a wave lenght of 254 nm is absorbed by the DNA and transferred to ethidium bromide.
Excitation at 366 nm directly excites the dye (3). An aqueous stock solution is prepared at a concentration of
10 mg/ml and employed at 0.2 - 0.5 g/ml (5). Staining is performed after the gel run (especially PAGE) or
during the gel run (agarose). The latter allows the observation of the gel run by control under UV light. Ethidium
bromide is added to the agarose solution. Please note, that 'prestaining' may lead to artifacts (4).
In another application, ethidium bromide may be used to sensitively quantify DNA by spectrofluorimetry.
Excitation at 250 nm with UV light and an emission at 605 nm, the sensitivity is even better as compared to the
dye Hoechst 33258. At a concentration of 0.5 g/ml EtBr, the detection limit of 10 ng/ml DNA is reached with a
linear range of measurement from 20 to 1250 ng/ml (6).
Caution: Ethidium bromide is a powerful mutagen and is moderately toxic. Gloves should be worn when working
with solutions that contain this dye, and a mask should be worn when weighing ethidium bromide.
Ethidium bromide - Solution 1 % BioChemica

Synonym
Composition

Storage
Package sizes

Ethidium bromide - Solution 0.07 % dropper-bottle

Synonym
Composition

Storage
Description
Package sizes

A1152
2,7-Diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenylphenanthridium bromide - Solution

Ethidium bromide: 10 mg/ml
filtered solution
Store the stock solution at 2-8C protected from light.
A1152,0025
25 ml

A1152,0100
100 ml
A2273
2,7-Diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenylphenanthridium bromide - Solution

Ethidium bromide: 0.7 mg/ml
filtered solution
Store the stock solution at 2-8C protected from light.
Ethidium bromide acts as a DNA intercalator and has a considerable mutagenic
potential. In order to reduce the possible contact to ethidium bromide AppliChem
provides a ready-to-use solution in a 'dropper bottle'. The concentration of ethidium
bromide solution (0.7 mg /ml) is adjusted so that the addition of one drop (of a
volume of 50 l) of this solution is sufficient to stain 50 ml agarose gel solution.
A2273,0005
5 ml
A2273,0015
15 ml
Literature
(1) Waring, M. (1975) in Antibiotics Vol. III , 141-165 (J.W. Corcoran & F.E. Hahn eds.) Springer-Verlag: Review article about ethidium and propidium.
(2) Lunn, G. & Sansone, E.B. (1987) Anal. Biochem. 162, 453-458 Ethidium bromide: Destruction and decontamination of solutions.
(3) Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring
Harbor, New York.
(4) Grtner, U. et al. (1996) Anal. Biochem. 243, 194-196 Apparent degradation of cleaved genomic DNA may be an ethidium bromide prestaining artifact.
(5) Lucey, M.J. et al. (1997) BioTechniques 23, 780-782 Reducing the ethidium bromide quantity in agarose gel electrophoresis.
(6) Bonasera, V. et al. (2007) BioTechniques 43, 173-176 Protocol for high-sensitivity/long linear-range spectrofluorimetric DNA quantification using EtBr.
protein marker
General Considerations
Size estimation: Prestained protein markers are not recommended for precise determination of the molecular
weight size since their behavior during electrophoresis strongly depends on electrophoresis conditions. For
exact determinations of protein sizes use unlabeled marker proteins, i.e. non-prestained markers.
Protein blotting: The transfer of proteins during blotting depends on their size (e.g. lysozyme is fully transferred after 30 minutes, while myosin requires 2.5 hours @ 1V/cm2).
Prod.
No.
A5238
A5418
A4402
A3993
A8359
A8889
Protein Marker
Bands
Protein Marker I (14-116)

Protein Marker II (6.5-200) prestained
Protein Marker III (6.5-200)
Protein Marker IV (10-150)
Protein Marker V (10-175) prestained
Protein Marker VI (10-245) prestained
7
8
8
8
11
12
Fragment Sizes [kDa]
3.1
116 97.4 66.2 37.6 28.5 18.4 14

200 116 68 43 30 20 14.4 6.5
200 116 68 43 30 20 14.4 6.5
150 100 80 60 40 30 20 10
175 130 95 70 62 51 42 29 22 14 10.5
245 180 135 100 75 63 48 35 25 20 17 11
3.2 precision
Protein Marker I (14-116)
A5238
Description

The bands of 3 l marker are easily

visualized with Coomassie staining in a
polyacrylamide gel. Protein Marker I is a
mixture of 7 purified proteins supplied in gel
loading buffer for direct application to

an SDS polyacrylamide gel.
Number of bands
7
Fragment sizes (kDa) 116.0; 97.4; 66.2; 37.6; 28.5; 18.4; 14.0
Loading buffer
50 mM Tris HCl (pH 6.8),

100 mM dithiothreitol, 2 % SDS,

0.1% bromophenol blue, 10 % glycerol
Assay conditions
3 l/12 % PAGE
Package size
A5235,0500
500 l
19
Protein Marker III (6.5-200)

Description

Number of bands
Protein sizes (kDa)

Assay conditions

Storage

Package size
A4402
The bands of the 2.5 l marker are easily

polyacrylamide gel.
8
200.0; 116.0; 68.0; 43.0; 30.0; 20.0;
14.4; 6.5
5 l/4-20 % SDS-PAGE gradient gel;
Coomassie staining
-20C, if stored longer than 1 month.
Please note that repeated freezing and thawing will reduce product quality. Preparation of small aliquots is recommended.
A4402,0001
1.0 ml
This is a ready-to-use marker containing acylated proteins.

The product may contain residual iodoacetamide.
precision
Protein Marker IV (10-150)
Application
The proteine markers
have to be preheated
to room temperature,
to guarantee that all components are dissolved.
Apply 1-5 l of the
marker to a mini-gel
(10 x 10 cm, 1-0.75 mm
thick, 7 mm slot).
Use 1X Laemmli buffer
to dilute this marker,
if necessary.
To minimize myosin
aggregation, the aliquot to
be loaded onto the gel
may be heated to 95C
for 1-2 minutes.
A3993
Recombinant protein size marker for gel electrophoresis

Description
The bands of 2.5 l marker are easily


polyacrylamide gel.
Number of bands
8
Protein sizes (kDa) 150; 100; 80; 60; 40; 30; 20; 10
Assay conditions
10 l/4-20 % SDS-PAGE gradient gel

(Tris-Glycine); Coomassie staining
Storage

Please note that repeated freezing and

thawing will reduce product quality.
Preparation of small aliquots is
recommended. Thawed aliquots are stable

for one week at +4C.
Package size
A3993,0500
500 l
This is a ready-to-use marker containing recombinant proteins.
The product may contain residual iodoacetamide.
20
prestained
Protein Marker II (6.5-200) prestained
A5418
Prestained protein size marker for gel electrophoresis

Description
This is a ready-to-use marker containing

covalent prestained proteins. The product

contains formamide.
Number of bands
8
Protein sizes (kDa) 200.0; 116.0; 68.0; 43.0; 30.0; 20.0;

14.4; 6.5
Assay conditions
10 l/4-20 % PAGE gradient gel

Tris-Glycine; left lane prestained but not
Coomassie-stained; right lane prestained

and additional Coomassie staining.
Storage

Please note that repeated freezing and
thawing will reduce product quality. Pre
paration of small aliquots is recommended.
Package size
A5418,0250
250 l
3.3
Protein Marker V (10-175) prestained
A8359
Prestained protein marker for gel electrophoresis and Western

blotting. Magenta Marker
Description
Ready-to-use prestained protein size marker. Supplied in loading buffer.
Number of bands
11
Protein sizes (kDa) 175; 130; 95; 70; 62; 51; 42; 29; 22; 14; 10.5

Three reference proteins coupled with a blue dye for easy identification:

approx. 10, 40, and 90 kDa.
Storage
At 2-8C for max. 3 months; at -20C for long term storage.
Package size
A8539,0250
250 l
21
Protein Marker VI (10-245) prestained
A8889
Prestained protein marker for gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Blue-Green-Red Protein Marker
Description
Protein Marker VI prestained is a three-color protein standard with 12 prestained
proteins covering a wide molecular weight range from approx. 10 to 245 kDa.
Proteins are covalently coupled with either a blue chromophore or one green
(25 kDa) and one red dye (75 kDa), respectively. Gel run may be monitored
during protein separation on SDS-PAGE (Tris-glycine buffer, Laemmli system).
The main applications are the monitoring of protein migration during
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the verification of Western transfer
efficiency on membranes (PVDF, nylon, or nitrocellulose), and the sizing of
proteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and Western blots. The size marker is
supplied ready-to-use in gel loading buffer.
Number of bands
12
Protein sizes (kDa) 245; 180; 135; 100; 75; 63; 48; 35; 25; 20; 17; 11
Package size
A8889,0500
500 l
Recommendations for Loading
1. Thaw the ladder either at room temperature or at 37-40C for a few minutes to dissolve precipitated solids. Do not boil!
2. Mix thoroughly to ensure the solution is homogeneous.
3. Load the following volumes of the ladder on SDS-polyacrylamide gel: 5 l per well for mini-gels,
2.5 l per well for blots; 10 l per well for large gels, 5 l per well for blots.
3.3 prestained
22
Sometimes,
less is more!
For The Sake Of

The Environment
Many reagents prepared in biomedical research
labs are ideal nutrient broths for unwanted
germs (bacteria, fungi). To prevent their growth,
reagents are either autoclaved, sterile filtered, or
antibiotics / antimycotics or toxic substances are
added. One of these additives is Thimerosal, a
mercury-containing molecule which is dangerous
for the environment. Our original immunoasssay
buffer contained this chemical too, but now we
have replaced it by the nontoxic ProClin 300.
For the sake of the environment.
For Better Results

Changing the composition has no negative
influence on the performance of the products.
With CrossDown and all other immunoassay
buffers you are even in a better mood and your
immunoassays show a better quality.
For Your Safety

We would like to keep you healthy so that you
stay our customer. FYI: Thimerosal is classified
as toxic. The lethal dose (rat, s.c.) is 9 mg/kg,
compared to ethidium bromide with a lethal dose
(mouse, s.c.) of 110 mg/kg. In some countries,
Thimerosal is a forbidden additive.
23
Prod.-No. Description
A2176
Bismarck brown R
Absorption maxima
lmax. 468 nm
A3480
Comment
increases sensitivity of Coomassie
Brilliant Blue R-250 staining
Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 stains ampholytes in IEF gels too!*
A1092
Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 stains ampholytes in IEF gels too!*
lmax. with protein 549 nm,

w/o protein 555 nm
A0822
Eosin Y
A1346
Eriochrome black T
A1401
Fast Green FCF
dye complex in acidic pH range
A2385
A2388
Kongo red
Malachite green oxalate
staining in the acidic pH range

Phosphatase staining in gels
A1405
Nile red
Ponceau S
acidic diazo dye
A7808
A3930
Proteo-Dye RuBPS
Rhodamine B $
A3972
A1400
Silver nitrate
Stains all **
brown
stains different types of proteins
in different colors
Zinc-Imidazole
reversible staining
dyes for protein gels
4.1
reversible staining
560 nm
lmax. (pH 8.3) 615; (MeOH) 620 nm
lmax. (with protein) 635 nm
lmax. (H2O) 517 - 823 nm

lmax. 617 nm
560 nm
lmax. for BSA 515 nm
Abbreviations: BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin); CBB (Coomassie Brilliant blue); MeOH (Methanol);
RuBPS (Ruthenium(II)tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)); TCA (Trichloroacetic acid); & only in combination with Coomassie!
$ detection of phosphoproteins; formation of insoluble phosphate complexes (sensitivity: 0.1 nM)
4.2
Coomassie Brilliant blue R-250 (C.I. 42660)

Synonym
Brilliant blue R, Xylenebrilliantcyanine
Order No.
Quantity
A1092,0010 10 g
A1092,0025 25 g
A1092,0100 100 g
registered trademark of Imperial Industries PLC
Formula
C45H44N3NaO7S2
A1092
M
CAS-No.
825.98 g/mol 6104-59-2
Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 is one of the most commonly used stains for proteins, after their separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein-dye complex has an absorption maximum at 549 nm, the dye without protein at 555 nm (in 0.01 M citrate buffer,
pH 3). The intensity in staining of proteins probably depends on the basicity of a protein. Per positively charged amino acid approximately
1.5-3 molecules of Coomassie will be bound. This variation complicate the exact protein determination with albumin as a standard, since this
protein contains more basic amino acids than many other proteins .
There do exist many protocols for sensitive staining procedures with Coomassie (e. g. ref. 3, 4). The sensitivity reaches a limit at 25 ng protein.
We recommend the following protocol:
I. Staining solution: 0.1 % Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 (Prod.-No. A1092), 20 % methanol (or ethanol), 10 % acetic acid.
The SDS gel (without 'stacking gel') is stained for 1 hour at 60C or for 2 hours at 50C or over night at RT.
II. Destaining solution: 20 % methanol (or ethanol) and 10 % acetic acid. Destain the gel for 3-4 hours at 50 - 60C. Add some sponges.
Subsequently wash the gel for 15 minuts in water and dry under vacuum at 60C for 2-3 hours.
24
Sensitivity
25 ng &
Stock solution
Solvent MeOH : Acetic acid : Water (40:7:53);
dissolve dyes separately, then mix 1:0.75 (v/v)
0.1 % w/v CBB in 2 % w/v Phosphoric aicd,
10 % w/v Ammonium sulfate (Do not filter!)
10 ng
Recommended Concentration
Coomassie Brilliant blue R-250 (0.2 % w/v)
Bismarck brown R (0.05 % w/v)
Mix 80 ml of the stock solution
with 20 ml of MeOH just before use.
0.1 % in 20 % MeOH, 10 % Acetic acid
similar to CBB R-250
0.25 % (w/v) in 0.1 N NaOH
10 ng
0.01 %
prepare staining solution fresh daily;

may be used for several gels;
0.02 % in 40 % MeOH / 7 % Acetic acid;
in combination with Rhodamine B
400 ng
0.25 % (w/v) in 10 % Acetic acid up to 1 %

(w/v) in 7 % Acetic acid
0.1 % (w/v) in 0.2 M Acetate buffer (pH 3.5)
Staining solution =
3 Vol. Solution 1 + 1 Vol. Solution 2
(stable for 3 weeks; filter prior to each use)
< 0.5 ng
less sensitive than CBB
5 ng
500 ng
1 % (w/v) in distilled water

Solution 1: 0.15 g Malachite green oxalate in 300 ml Water;
Solution 2: 4.2 g Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate in 100 ml
5 N HCl;
prepare fresh prior to use
2-5 ng
10 ng
0.1 - 0.5 % in 3 % TCA or 1 ml Acetic acid

glacial ad 100 ml Water
1 M
0.01 %
2-5 ng
like CBB
0.005 %
0.1 % in Formamide or 5.6 mg/10 ml in 50 % Dioxane;

prepare fresh
1 mM
0.02 % in 40 % MeOH / 7 % Acetic acid; in combination with
Eriochrome black T
10-20 ng SDS-PAGE
40-80 ng native PAGE
* Allen, R.E. et al. (1980) Anal. Biochem. 104, 494-498. Staining Proteins in Isolelectric Focusing Gels with Fast Green.
** stains e.g. sialoglycoproteins and phosphoproteins blue, almost all other proteins red.
Coomassie Brilliant blue G-250 (C.I. 42655)
A3480
Synonym
Brilliant blue G
Order No.
Quantity
Solubility (20C) Formula
A3480,0010 10 g
~10 g/L (H2O) C47H48N3NaO7S2
A3480,0025 25 g
A3480,0100 100 g
registered trademark of Imperial Industries PLC
M
CAS-No.
854.04 g/mol 6104-58-1
The assays of Neuhoff et al. (Neuhoff, V. et al. (1988) Electrophoresis 9, 255-262) have shown that stainng with
Coomassie G-250 is more sensitive than with R-250. For more informations see A1092.
25
Proteo-Dye Blue-Vis
Synomym
Storage
HS-No.
Package size

A6810
Protein dye in the visible range

2-8C protected from light
38220000
A6810,1000 1L
1 L is sufficient for approx. 30 minigels, since 3x reusable
detection limit 3-5 ng/mm
reversible staining of proteins
Protocol for staining of gels with Proteo-Dye Blue-Vis:

SDS-PAGE minigels (1 mm thickness, 10 % acrylamide, Tris-glycine buffer system) are
treated for 1 hour with 30 % v/v methanol after electrophoresis to remove the excess of
SDS and to fix the proteins in the gel matrix. The gels are stained for 2 hours in a volume
of 100 ml Proteo-Dye Blue-Vis. After this, the gels are washed with acetate buffer (0.2 M;
pH 4.5), containing 20 % v/v methanol for 90 - 120 minutes until the dark red background
is reduced to a weak pink background in contrast to the blue protein bands. The gels are
documented with the help of a video system (transilluminator 312 nm, white light plate) or
on a scanner in the transmission mode.
4.3 dyes
Proteo-Dye Red-Fluo
Synomym
Storage
HS-No.
Specification

Package size

A6803
Protein dye with red fluorescence

38220000
Emission maximum: 630 nm
Exicitation wave lenght: 312 nm
A6803,1000 1L
more sensitive than most other products available in the market
Protocol for staining of gels with Proteo-Dye Red-Fluo:

SDS-PAGE minigels (5x8 cm, 1 mm thickness, 10 % acrylamide, Tris-glycine buffer system)
are fixed for 30 minutes in a solution of 7.5 % v/v acetic acid, 20 % v/v ethanol. After this,
the gels are stained with Proteo-Dye Red-Fluo (100 ml) for 2 - 3 hours. The background
fluorescence can be removed by repeated washing with the fixation solution (7.5 % v/v
acetic acid, 20 % v/v ethanol; 3 - 4 washing steps, 30 minutes each). The documentation
of the gels is carried out with a video system (transilluminator 312 nm, adapting filter
590 nm).
26
Proteo-Dye Green-Fluo
Synomym
Storage
HS-No.
Specification

Package size

A6794
Protein dye with green fluorescence

38220000
Emission maximum: 520 nm
Excitation wave lenght: 365 nm
A6794,1000 1L
suitable for gels and for blots
Proteo-Dye Green-Fluo is a fluorescence protein dye, based on a metal-chelate complex in

conjunction with a detergent in submicellar concentration in an aqueous solution. This dye
solution enables to detect very small amounts of proteins and the staining is fully reversible.
Use the dye solution up to three times!
Protocol for staining of gels with Proteo-Dye Green-Fluo:

SDS-PAGE minigels (5x8 cm; 1 mm thickness, 10% acrylamide, Tris-glycine buffer system)
are postelectrophoretically treated for 30 minutes with a methanol solution (30 %, v/v)
while gently shaking (100 rpm). After this, the gels are stained for 2 hours in a volume of
100 ml Proteo-Dye Green-Fluo. Reduction of the background fluorescence is achieved by
repeated washing steps (3-4 times, 30 min. each) with 30 % v/v methanol. The gels are
documented with a video system (transilluminator 365 nm, adapting filter 520 nm).
Protocol for staining of blots with Proteo-Dye Green-Fluo:

By staining with Coomassie or silver the proteins in the gel become irreversibly denaturated
and are difficult to transfer to blotting membranes. Metal chelate staining methods are
reversible, resulting in good preconditions for the following blot transfer. Blots were
performed by a typical semi-dry method. After the blotting process, the blots were washed
in distilled water for 1 hour and dried at room temperature. Blots were then stained with
Proteo-Dye Green-Fluo for 2 hours, briefly washed in 30 % v/v ethanol and dried again.
Only in the dried state, intensely gree n fluorescent protein bands become visible in UV
toplight (365 nm UV light) and are documented with a video system (adapting filter 420
nm). The stain may be easily and fastly removed just by rinsing in 30% v/v ethanol.
for protein gels

27
Proteo-Dye RuBPS
A7808
Synomym
Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) tetrasodium salt
Formula
C72H42N6Na4O18RuS6
Molecular weight
1664.58 g/mol
CAS-No.
[301206-84-8]
Concentration (in H2O)
1 mM
lmax. Emission (in H2O)
617 nm
lmax. Exitation
Storage
recommended working solution
Stability
Package size
277, 437, 460 nm

2-8C, protected from light
1 : 1000 dilution (1 M final concenrtation)
2 years
A7808,0001
1 ml
Comment
2-D gels of E. coli proteins stained with (1) SYPRO

Ruby and (2) with RuBPS. For details see Reference 2.
RuBPS is a fluorescence dye for protein detection in e.g. SDS- and 2-D-gels. It provides the high
sensitivity of silver staining without its drawbacks. The excellent contrast, good linearity and
homogeneity made this dye the staining reagent of choice in proteomics. A minimal interference
with MALDI-TOF analysis is observed and compatibility with MS/MS analysis is given. The photochemically stable dye is excited with UV-light of the wavelength 473 or 488 nm blue laser. A 532
nm laser may be used as well, albeit with reduced efficiency. It is of advantage that the excitation
wavelength of RuBPS is longer than tose of the aromatic amino acids.
The information given in terms of formula, molecular weight and CAS number refer to the
raw material! The concentrate supplied is diluted 1 : 1000 (1 ml ad 1 L) resulting in an
1 M working solution.
Special features of Proteo-Dye RuBPS

Protocol for gel staining / destaining
Literature
[1] A comparison between Sypro Ruby and
ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)
as fluorescent stains for protein detection in gels.
(Rabilloud, T. et al. (2001) Proteomics 1, 699-704)
[2] Improved ruthenium(II)
tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) staining
and destaining protocol for a better signal-tobackground ratio and improved resolution.
(Lamanda, A. et al. (2004) Proteomics 4, 599-608)
28
Provides the sensitivity of silver-staining without its drawbacks

(limited dynamic range, inhomogeneity and interference with
MS analysis)
Carefully purified product offers much improved signal-tobackground ratio
Excellent contrast in gel images enables protein spots to be
detected more easily by image processing software
High sensitivity
Good linearity and homogeneity
Minimal interference with MALDI-TOF analysis
Compatible with MS/MS analysis, provided that cleaning of the
sample with reverse phase adsorption is carried out
(according to Ref. 2)
1. Prepare a 1 M Proteo-Dye RuBPS solution by diluting the concentrate 1000-fold
(e.g., 1 ml to 1 L)
2. Fix the gel in 30 % ethanol, 10 % v/v acetic acid overnight.
3. Rinse the gel in 20 % ethanol v/v for 30 min and repeat 3 times.
4. Incubate the gel in 1 M Proteo-Dye RuBPS solution for 6 h.
5. Equilibrate the gel in water for 10 min and repeat once (a first scan is possible at this
stage).
6. Destain the gel with 40 % ethanol / 10 % acetic acid v/v for 15 h.
N.B. for low protein concentration the destaining time might be too long. In such cases, shorter destaining times may optimize the procedure resulting in greater sensitivity.
7. Equilibrate the gel in water for 10 min, repeat once and scan.
Prod. No.
Acrylamide Molecular biology grade

Bisacrylamide Molecular biology grade
Agarose Basic
Agarose low EEO (Agarose Standard)
Agarose MP
Loading buffer DNA I
Loading buffer DNA II
Loading buffer DNA IV (for Agarose gels)
TAE buffer (50X)
TAE buffer (10X)
TBE buffer (10X)
A3812
A3636
A8963
A2114
A1091
A3144
A2571
A3481
A1691
A1416
A0972
Transfer membranes
Prod. No.
Reprobe Nitrocellulose supported 0.22 m Transfer membrane

Reprobe Nitrocellulose supported 0.45 m Transfer membrane
Pure Nitrocellulose unsupported 0.22 m Transfer membrane
Pure Nitrocellulose unsupported 0.45 m Transfer membrane
Pure Nylon Neutral Transfer membrane 0.22 m (30 cm x 3 m)
Pure Nylon Neutral Transfer membrane 0.45 m
Reprobe Nylon Positively charged Transfer membrane 0.45 m (30 cm x 3 m)
PVDF-Star Transfer membrane 0.45 m
Other Related Products
A5237
A5242
A5250
A5239
A4399
A5248
A5255
A5243
Prod. No.
Chemiluminescence Detection Kits for Horseradish Peroxidase

Cheluminate-HRP PicoDetect
Cheluminate-HRP FemtoDetect
Cheluminate-HRP FemtoDetect Plus
Boric acid Molecular biology grade
EDTA disodium salt dihydrate Molecular biology grade
Tris ultrapure
A3417
A7807
A7879
A2940
A2937
A1086
related produc t s
Electrophoresis Reagents
Transfer Membranes
AppliChem supplies a range of transfer membranes designed
and tested specifically for RNA, DNA and protein analysis.
AppliChem also provides our customers with tried
and proven protocols developed to obtain consistent reproducible
and dependable results when used with AppliChem membranes.
22 protocols and all types of membranes all from one source.
4t Matthes + Traut Darmstadt
A26, E
There is another top address in Darmstadt:

AppliChem GmbH Ottoweg 4 D-64291 Darmstadt Phone +49 6151 9357-0 Fax +49 6151 9357-11
09/2010
eMail service@applichem.com internet www.applichem.com

Gel Electrophoresis Size Marker: Take The Pink Link!

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Gel Electrophoresis Size Marker: Take The Pink Link!

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Gel Electrophoresis

Take the Pink Link!

Thinking without knowledge

Take the pink Link!

Take the Pink Link!

Werner Kollath, German bacteriologist

Probleme & praktische Lsungen

Ever since the foundation of the firm, AppliChem has

Take the Pink Link!

Take the Pink Link!

the market from the very beginning. Our growth confirms

the relevance of these measures.

We offer our customers an extensive library, with numerous

Die moderne Gentechnik

Using ready-to-use ELISA

brochures and applications whose use makes everyday life

Take the Pink Link!

Take the Pink Link!

Alles oder Nichts: Erstaunlich

Autoklavieren von DNA

because after storage of some

Dekontamination der Haut

Freie Nukleinsuren verursach

Size Marker 2010 AppliChem

ine der Hauptquellen fr Kontamination

It is indeed correct that smaller molecules

pass more slowly through t

days the plates d

Why is there such a great difference

AppliChem brings advantages through knowledge.

detection are not appropria

information provided by no other catalogue in the field,

completely different story.

A comprehensive catalogue of products, with detailed

kits from manufactu

times however, home-ma

the right antibodies or the

Der Anteil von molekular

1.1 Tips on the use of DNA length markers

1.2 AppliChem DNA marker overview

1.3 DNA marker

2 Dyes for nucleic acids

2.2 Methylene blue

2.3 Ethidium bromide

3.1 AppliChem protein marker overview

3.2 Precision protein markers

3.3 Prestained protein markers

4 Dyes for protein gels

4.2 Coomassie stain

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

Tips on the use of DNA length markers

DNA staining with methylene blue

Mass calculations for single fragments

Less is often more

Size Marker 2010 AppliChem

How to achieve results quickly

Staining front too intense?

Plausibility of the results and ion concentrations:

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

Fragment Sizes [bp]

Size Marker 2010 AppliChem

DNA Ladder 100 bp (lyophilised)

DNA size standard for medium-sized fragments and PCR products

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

DNA Ladder 100 bp

DNA Ladder 100 bp equalized (lyophilised)

DNA Ladder 100 bp plus

DNA Ladder Mix 100-5000 (lyophilised)

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

DNA Ladder 250 bp (lyophilised)

DNA Ladder 250 bp plus (lyophilised)

DNA Ladder 1 kb (lyophilised)

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

DNA Ladder 1 kb concatamer (lyophilised)

DNA Marker quick-run (lyophilised)

DNA Marker quick-run extended (lyophilised)

DNA Marker pBR322 - Hae III (lyophilised)

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

DNA Marker pBR322 - Hae III

DNA Marker pBR328 Mix (lyophilised)

DNA Marker Phage Lambda - Sty I

DNA Marker Phage Lambda - BstE II (lyophilised)

2010 AppliChem Size Marker

DNA Marker Phage Lambda - BstE II

DNA Marker Phage Lambda - Hind III (lyophilised)

DNA Marker Phage Lambda - Hind III

DNA Marker pUC19 - Msp I

DNA Marker pUC19 - Msp I (lyophilised)

2010 AppliChem Size Marker