Cooperatives should play significant role in the implementation of

development schemes- Shri Radha Mohan

Shri Radha Mohan Singh, Union Agriculture Minister has urged the cooperatives
to play a significant role in the implementation of initiatives taken by Government
for the welfare of the people. This they can do by providing better services to
members associated with them. The Minister said, Soil Health Card and Pradhan
Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana are some of such schemes which would change the
life of people. He said this while inaugurating Sahakari Agricultural Mela as part
of the centenary celebrations of the Amaragol Primary Agriculture Credit
Cooperative Society at Amargol in Karnataka today. On the occasion Minister for
Chemicals & Fertilizer, Shri Ananat Kumar President, Amargol Primary
Agriculture Credit Cooperative Society, senior officials of the Karnataka
Government & Government of India and delegates of various cooperative
organizations, were present.
Full text of the Ministers speech is as follows:
Cooperatives are business enterprises owned and controlled by the members that
they serve, decisions made in cooperatives are balanced by the pursuit of profit and
the needs and aspirations of members and their communities. Cooperatives take
many forms and operate in all sectors of society. India has an unwritten history of
cooperatives since the beginning of human settlement in the form of villages as
village life was based on a cooperative model where everyone cooperated with
everyone else in their day to day life following the principles of self-help and
collective action. However, in a more formal sense, the early cooperatives were
born out of economic hardship in the UK and Germany, and were centered on the
retail and financial sectors. In modern times, cooperatives have established
themselves in almost all economic sectors and have a global presence ranging from
the small, village-based self-help cooperatives to large-scale producers and service
providers.
Cooperatives are a reminder to the international community that it is possible to
pursue both economic viability and social responsibility as declared by United
Nations in its General Assembly during the celebration of the International Year of
Cooperatives in 2012. The UN declaration highlighted the contribution of
cooperatives to socio-economic development, in particular recognizing their
impact on poverty reduction, employment generation and social integration. The
faith of UN is Cooperative enterprises build a better world.
In India, the first Cooperative Societies Act, 1904 was enacted to facilitate
formulation of primary credit cooperative societies. Subsequently, visualizing the

need for the formation of other type of societies including federal societies, the
Cooperative Societies Act, 1912 was enacted. The Government of India through
the Cooperative Societies Act, 1919 transferred the subject of Cooperative
Societies to the then provincial governments and subsequently the provincial
governments enacted their own Cooperative Societies Acts to promote growth of
the cooperatives. The status of Cooperative Societies as a provincial subject was
maintained in the Cooperative Societies Act, 1935.
To facilitate the organization and functioning of the cooperative societies having
jurisdiction in more than one province, the Government of India enacted MultiUnit Cooperative Societies Act, 1942. The Act of 1942 was repealed by the
enactment of Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 1984 which has since been
replaced by the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002.
In the pre-independence era, the policy of the Government by and large was
of laissez faire towards the cooperatives and the Government did not encourage an
active role for their promotion and development. After independence in the year
1947, the advent of planned economic development ushered in a new era for the
cooperatives.
The cooperative movement in our country has witnessed substantial growth in
many diverse areas of the economy. With a network of about 6.10 lakh cooperative
societies and a membership of about 249.20 million, the cooperative movement in
India has emerged as one of the largest in the world. The agricultural credit
advanced through cooperatives recorded a sizeable increase from a meagre Rs.
214.35 crore in 1960-61 to Rs. 86185 crore in 2011-12 with about 17% share in
total institutional agricultural credit. The share of cooperatives in fertilizer
distribution is 36% and in sugar production nearly 39.7%. The cooperatives also
make procurement of wheat at 24.8%. The handlooms contribute 54% and 20.3%
of the retail fair price shops are in the cooperative sector. The cooperative sector
provides direct and self-employment to about 17.80 million people in the country
and playing a significant role in improving the socio-economic conditions of the
weaker sections of society through cooperatives in fisheries, labour, handloom
sectors and women cooperatives. Dairy cooperatives through White Revolution
have enabled the country to achieve self-sufficiency in milk production. Housing
cooperatives are contributing to the construction of housing units for economically
weaker sections and low income groups at affordable rates. Through fair price
shops, cooperatives are supplying essential commodities to the weaker sections of
society at concessional rates. Thus the cooperatives are contributing substantially
in our efforts for achieving inclusive development.
It has however been experienced that in spite of considerable numerical expansion

of cooperatives in different sectors of the economy in the country, their

performance in qualitative terms has not been up to the desired level. Therefore,
the Government of India has taken various measures for promoting and developing
the Cooperative sector in the country. These include, inter-alia, framing of the
National Policy on Cooperatives, enactment of a progressive legislation of the
Multi-State Cooperative Societies (MSCS) Act, 2002, assistance to cooperative
education and training, assistance through National Cooperative Development
Corporation (NCDC) for development of cooperatives, implementation of
recommendations of the Prof. Vaidyanathan Committee to strengthen rural
cooperative credit structure and recent enactment of the Constitution (97th
Amendment) Act, 2011 for development of Cooperative sector in the country.
I am very happy to know that Amaragol Primary Agriculture Credit Cooperative
Society, Amaragol, Karnataka was registered on 27th April, 1915 and has
completed hundred years in serving their members for their economic upliftment
and also celebrating the centenary celebrations. I am also very happy to participate
and inaugurate the Sahakari Agricultural Mela.
As you may aware that our BJP government under the able leadership of Shri
Narendra Modi, Honble Prime Minister has taken many initiatives for the
development of the country such as providing of toilets in all schools, implemented
the Jan Dhan scheme and opened more than 14 crore bank accounts for financial
inclusion, to ensure that LPG subsidy reaches the targeted person directly, launched
MUDRA Bank for financing 6 crore small vendors and businesses on which 61%
are SCs, STs, OBCs and Minorities, launched the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai
Yojana which the Congress did not think of in the last sixty years, to see that by
2022, no family remains without a roof over its head, launching of the Soil Health
Card scheme to enhance farm productivity, providing a comprehensive social
security scheme for the poor and marginalised, old and those with low-income
levels, Swachh Bharat Mission to see that health and hygiene issues of the poor, to
develop the services provided by the Indian Railways, set up the Skill
Development Ministry to enhance employability of the youth to whom we are
committed to provide jobs through initiatives like Make in India, reservation for
women in the police forces of Union Territories, generation of more than Rs 3 lakh
crore by coal auction etc. As the above initiatives taken by the Honble Prime
Minister, I believe that cooperatives will also develop to provide better services to
their members.
Let me, in the end, thanks to all in general and particularly, the office bearers of the
Amargol Primary Agriculture Credit Cooperative Society, for hosting the centenary
celebrations and for inviting me to this function.



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National Cooperative Union of India (NCUI) celebrates All India Cooperative Week
every year from 14th 20th November. The week-long celebrations provide
opportunities for reviewing achievements, challenges and formulating action
programmes for cooperative development. The theme of this years celebration is
Make in India Through Cooperatives.
The commencement of the cooperative week coincides with the birthday of the first
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru who was a great visionary and an ardent supporter
of the cooperative movement. The basic objective of celebrating the event is to
highlight the achievements of the cooperative sector across the country so as to
create a favourable public opinion about the cooperative sector, reads a press
release from the apex body.
Union minister of state for agriculture and farmers welfare, Government of India Mr
Mohan Bhai Kundariya is slated to inaugurate the function on Saturday in the NCUI
Auditorium in Delhi.
The function will be attended by representatives of cooperative organizations,
international cooperative organizations, Government of India, representatives of
NCDC, RBI, NABARD, Farmers Organisations, ICA, ILO and members of the NCUI
Governing Council.
Cooperatives In India
The cooperative movement in India has its origin in agriculture and allied sectors. The
first Cooperative Credit Societies Act was enacted in 1904.Subsequently a more
comprehensive legislation called the Cooperative Societies Act was enacted. This Act
provided for the creation of the post of registrar of cooperative societies and registration
of cooperative societies for various purposes and audit. Under the Montague- Chelmsford
Reforms of 1919 cooperation became a provincial subject and provinces were authorized
to make their own cooperative laws. Under the Government of India Act 1935
cooperatives were treated as a provincial subject. The 'Cooperative Societies' is a state
subject under entry No 32 of the State List of the Constitution of India.
In order to cover cooperative societies with membership from more than one province,
the Government of India enacted the Multi-Unit Cooperative Societies Act 1942.This Act
dealt with incorporation and winding up of cooperative societies having jurisdiction in
more than one province. A need was felt for a comprehensive Central legislation to
consolidate laws governing cooperative societies. This led to the enactment of Multi-

State Cooperative Societies Act 1984 by the Parliament under Entry No 44 of the Union
List of the Constitution of India.
After Independence, cooperatives assumed a great significance in poverty removal and
faster socio-economic growth. They became an integral part of the Five Year Plans. As a
result they emerged as a distinct segment in Indian economy. In the First Year Plan it
was specifically stated that the success of the Plan would be judged among other things,
by the extent it was implemented through cooperative organizations.

In 1958 the National Development Council (NDC) had recommended a national policy on
cooperatives. The cooperative sector has been playing a distinct and significant role in
the country's process of socio-economic development. There has been a substantial
growth of this sector in diverse areas of the economy during the past few decades. The
number of all types of cooperatives increased from 1.81 lakh in 1950-51 to 4.53 lakh in
1996-97.The total membership of cooperative societies increased from 1.55 crore to
20.45 crore in the same period. The cooperatives have been operating in various areas
of the economy such as credit, production, processing, marketing, input distribution,
housing, dairying and textiles. In some of the areas of their activities like dairying, urban
banking and housing, sugar and handlooms, the cooperatives have achieved success to
an extent but there are larger areas where they have not been so successful.
The failure of cooperatives can be attributed to dormant membership and lack of active
participation of members in the management of cooperatives. Mounting over dues in
cooperative credit institutions, lack of mobilization of internal resources and over
dependence on government assistance, lack of professional management, bureaucratic
control and interference in the management, political interference and over-politicization
have proved harmful to their growth. These are the areas which need to be attended to
by evolving suitable legislative and policy support.
For the success of any developmental effort in the agricultural sector is to synergize with
the efforts in the cooperative sector. Development of cooperative sector has many
benefits. It will involve all sections of the society in development efforts. Cooperative
sector of Indian economy has a spiritual content too when it was led by Vinoba
Bhave.Cooperative sector has inbuilt democracy and only those who can demonstrate
their commitment and efficiency can survive in the cooperative elections. Nowadays
most of the financial institutions in the cooperative sector are also run on purely
commercial basis. It is here that the State intervention can make the difference. The
grant, subsidies and aid meant for the poor farmers must be channeled through the
cooperative sector. Once there are enough resources in the sector in terms of money

there will be increased participation by the people and will result in the all round
development of the village.
Panchayat Raj institutions and cooperative sector can bring about positive change in the
rural areas. Cooperatives have extended across the entire country and there are
currently estimated 230 million members nationwide. The cooperative credit system has
the largest network in the world and cooperatives have advanced more credit in the
Indian agricultural sector than commercial banks. In fertilizer production and distribution
the Indian Fertilizer Cooperative commands over 35% of the market. In the production
of sugar the cooperative share of the market is over 58% and in cotton they have share
of 60%.The cooperative sector accounts for 55% of the looms in the hand-weaving
sector.
Cooperative process, market and distribute 50% of the edible oil. Dairy cooperative
operating under the leadership of the National Dairy Development Board and through 15
state cooperative milk marketing federations as now become the largest producer of
milk. With the rapid growth of the cooperative sector a supportive climate has been
created for the development of cooperatives with the opportunities for diversification.
With the efforts of National Cooperative Union of India the Central Government passed
the Multi State Cooperatives Societies Act and also formulated a national cooperative
policy that provides greater autonomy to cooperatives. With the passage of the
Insurance Act, cooperatives have been allowed to enter into the insurance business.
Insurance is a field where the immense potential of cooperatives still remains untapped.
In the new economic environment cooperatives at all levels are making efforts to
reorient their functions according to the market demands.
Cooperatives are also considered to have immense potential to deliver goods and
services in areas where both the state and the private sector have failed.







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Make in india


If like make in india essay then please comment.

Make in India campaign was launched in new Delhi by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi on
25thof September in 2014. It is an initiative to make a call to the top business investors all across
the world (national or international) to invest in India. It is a big opportunity to all the investors to
set up their business (manufacturing, textiles, automobiles, production, retail, chemicals, IT,
ports, pharmaceuticals, hospitality, tourism, wellness, railways, leather, etc) in any field in the
country. This attractive plan has resourceful proposals for the foreign companies to set up
manufacturing powerhouses in India.
Make in India campaign launched by the Indian government focuses on building the effective
physical infrastructure as well as improving the market of digital network in the country to make it
a global hub for business (ranging from satellites to submarines, cars to softwares,
pharmaceuticals to ports, paper to power, etc). The symbol (derived from national emblem of
India) of this initiative is a giant lion having many wheels (indicates peaceful progress and way to
the vibrant future). A giant walking lion with many wheels indicates the courage, strength, tenacity

and wisdom. The page of Make In India on the Facebook has crossed more than 120K likes and
its twitter followers are more than 13K within few months of launching date.
This national program is designed to transform the country into a global business hub as it
contains attractive proposals for top local and foreign companies. This campaign focuses on
creating number of valuable and honored jobs as well as skill enhancement in almost 25 sectors
for improving the status of youths of the country. The sectors involved are automobiles,
chemicals, IT & BPM, aviation, pharmaceuticals, construction, electrical machinery, food
processing, defense manufacturing, space, textiles, garments, ports, leather, media and
entertainment, wellness, mining, tourism and hospitality, railways, automobile components,
renewable energy, mining, bio-technology, roads and highways, electronics systems and thermal
power.
The successful implementation of this plan will help in the 100 smart cities project and affordable
housing in India. The main objective is to ensure solid growth and valuable employment creation
in the country with the help of top investors. It will benefit both parties, the investors and our
country. The government of India has created a dedicated help team and an online portal
(makeinindia.com) for the easy and effective communication of investors. A dedicated cell is
committed to answer all the queries from business entities anytime.

Some would extol the virtues of the manufacturing juggernaut. On the other hand, some
would denigrate it to- "old wine in new bottle". Some others would term it as a stellar
marketing and political gimmick. Let us undertake an unbiased and a threadbare
analysis of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's pet project - Make in India.
Backdrop
Make in India is intended to make India a manufacturing hub of the world (atleast Asia,
for that matter). The idea was to increase the contribution of the manufacturing sector to
India's GDP.
To accommodate the 300 million people who will join India's workforce between 2010
and 2040, each year 10 million jobs are needed. The thrust on the manufacturing sector
will create about 100 million jobs by 2022.
Advantages
1. Manufacturing sector led growth of nominal and per capita gdp. While India ranks 7th
in terms of nominal GDP, it ranks a dismal 131st in terms of per capita GDP.
2. Employment will increase manifold. This will augment the purchasing power of the
common Indian, mitigate poverty and expand the consumer base for companies.
Besides, it will help in reducing brain drain.

3. Export-oriented growth model will improve India's Balance of Payments and help in
accumulating foreign exchange reserves (which is very important given the volatility in
the global economy with multiple rounds of Quantitative Easing announced by major
economies).
4. Foreign investment will bring technical expertise and creative skills along with foreign
capital. The concomitant credit rating upgrade will further woo investors.
5. FIIs play a dominant role (relative to FDI) in the Indian markets. However, FIIs are
highly volatile in nature and a sudden exodus of hot money from India can effect a
nosedive in the bellwether indices. Make in India will give an unprecedented boost to
FDI flows, bringing India back to the global investment radar.
6. The urge to attract investors will actuate substantial policies towards improving the
Ease of Doing Business in India. The Government of the day will have to keep its house
in order (by undertaking groundbreaking economic, political and social reforms) to
market Brand India to the world at large.
Disadvantages
1. From a theoretical perspective, Make in India will tend to violate the theory of
comparative advantage. If it is not economically feasible to manufacture a commodity in
India, it is best to import the same from a country which enjoys comparative advantage
in its production. International trade, after all, is welfare augmenting.
2. Reiterating the point made by Dr. Raghuram Rajan, India, unlike China, does not have
the time advantage as it undertakes a manufacturing spree. The essential question is - Is
the world ready for a second China?
3. Make in India will lead to an unsustainable focus on export promotion measures. One
such measure is artificially undervaluing the rupee. This will have devastating
consequences for the import bill.
are 10 things to know about the "Make in India" campaign::

1.

Top CEOs from India Inc, international industry leaders, ambassadors,

ministers and government officials are likely to attend the launch. The
campaign will target top companies across sectors in identified countries. It
will also identify select domestic companies having leadership in innovation
and new technology for turning them into global champions.(Read: Mukesh
Ambani, Shashi Ruia Among Participants in 'Make in India' Programme)

2.

Special arrangements have been made to publicise the event globally

in different world capitals. At the same time, programmes will be held in
state capitals and also Indian missions abroad, where officials are expected

to engage with investors and consultants just as PM Modi addresses CEOs

back home. (Read: PM Modi's 'Make in India' Push to Drive Investments,
Create Jobs)
3.

Business entities will be extended a red carpet welcome. The "Invest

India" unit in the Commerce Ministry will act as the first reference point for
guiding foreign investors on all aspects of regulatory and policy issues and
to assist them in obtaining regulatory clearances.

4.

The government is also closely looking into all regulatory processes

with a view to making them simple and reducing the burden of compliance
on investors.

5.

A dedicated cell has been created to answer queries from business

entities through a newly created web portal (www.makeinindia.com). The
back-end support team of the cell would be answering specific queries within
72 hours.

6.

The government has identified 25 key sectors in which India has the
potential of becoming a world leader. PM Modi will be releasing separate
brochures for these sectors along with a general brochure.

7.

The brochures covering sectors like automobiles, chemicals, IT,

pharmaceuticals, textiles, ports, aviation, leather, tourism and hospitality,
wellness, railways among others will provide details of growth drivers,
investment opportunities, sector specific FDI and other policies and related
agencies.

8.

The campaign is aimed to transform the economy from the servicesdriven growth model to labour-intensive manufacturing-driven growth. This
will help in creating jobs for over 10 million people, who join the workforce
every year.

9.

It aims to attract foreign companies to set up factories in India and

invest in the country's infrastructure. The new government has liberalised
defense manufacturing and insurance sectors to attract FDI, but analysts
say the government needs to do much more to attract foreign capital.

10.

The initiative has its origin in the PM Modi's Independence Day speech

where he gave a clarion call to "Make in India" and "Zero Defect; Zero Effect"
policy.