‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﺼل ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ‬
 ٣١٤٥١ ‫ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ‬٢٣٩٧ .‫ ﺏ‬.‫ﺹ‬
e-mail: fkubbara@dammam.kfu.edu.sa
٢٠٠٢ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ‬١٤٢٣ ‫ﺭﺠﺏ‬

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 ‫ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺘﻨﻭﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

Acknowledgment

The financial support from the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University
is gratefully acknowledged.

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺭﺴﺎل‬
٣٠ ‫ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬٨٠ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﻡ‬
‫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬٪٣٧,٥ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺤﻲ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﺯﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﺠﺭﺍﻑ ﻫﻤﺎ‬٢٠٠٠ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ‬
‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬،‫ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬،‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺠﺩﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺸﻬﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻡ‬
.‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﹰﺎ‬
Abstract

A survey study was conducted to evaluate the use of GIS in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia. A questionnaire was mailed to a total of 80 agencies to evaluate the use of
hardware, operating software, application software, data, maps, and personnel. Thirty
questionnaires were returned, a percent of 35.5%, which showed that PCs, Windows
2000, and ESRI and INTERGRAPH software were the most common used. Planning
and municipal data, and airphoto maps were the most common available and used data
and maps. Also the study showed that most of the personnel available were managers, or
department mangers.
Although, the number and use of GIS in the Kingdom has been increased from three to
thirty in last ten years, the study recommend that GIS standards and specifications are so
urgently needed in order to use available GIS properly. Due to the rapid development in
GIS at the local and international levels, further studies are needed in order to evaluate
the efficiency and effectiveness of GIS in the Kingdom.

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺘﻨﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻔﺯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻨﺫ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﺨﺎﺀ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﻀﺔ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴ ﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺁﻟﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺤﻴﺎل ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒ ﹰ‬

‫ﺃﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﻭل ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻘﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫"ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ "١٩٨٦‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻘﺭﻱ‪ .(١٩٨٦ ،‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ‪ "١٩٨٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﻟﺩﺍﻨﺠﺭﻤﻭﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٨٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ .(١٩٨٧ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٨٨‬ﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺸﺭﺡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪.(١٩٨٨ ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺘﺸﺭﺡ ﻭﺘﺼﻑ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻘﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ "١٩٩٠ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﻭﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺩ ﻭﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺨﺼﺹ ﻹﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻔﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺯﺍل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺫﺍﻙ )ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻘﺭﻱ‪.(١٩٩٠ ،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍﻨﻲ "ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫‪ "١٩٩٢‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﺭﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻸﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ "ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ )ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪.(١٩٩٢ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪ "١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻀﺎﻑ ﺒﻌﺭﻀﻪ ﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻁﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ )ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪.(١٩٩٣ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺭﺽ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻑ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫"ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ "١٩٩٧ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬
‫)ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪.(١٩٩٧ ،‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ "ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﻴﻥ‪ "١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ "ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ "١٩٩٨ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺴﻬﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ‬

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‫ﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﻴﻥ )ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ .(١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺴﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬
‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺘﺼﻑ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺃﻭل ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺤﺔ ﺒﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻁﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٣‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﺒﻲ ﻭﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺭ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻑ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ )ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ‪١٩٨٩ ،‬ﺃ‪١٩٨٩ ،‬ﺏ‪ ،(١٩٩٠ ،‬ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪،(١٩٩٣ ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﺩﻴﺩ‪.(١٩٩٢ ،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﻅﻥ ﺒﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ )ﺍﻷﻅﻥ‪ ،(١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻭﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎل ﺒﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ "ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﺭﻑ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ )ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎل‪ ،(١٩٩٤ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ "ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎﺌﻬﺎ" ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺩ )ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،(١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻭﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ "ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﻴﺕ ﺇﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ )ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪.(١٩٩٤ ،‬‬
‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺃﺭﻙ‪/‬ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل "ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻟﺭﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﺴﻘﺎﻁ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ )ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪.(١٩٩٤ ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ " ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫‪ Stack1‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ )ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،(١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻭﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ )ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،(١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻭﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ‪٧١‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ )ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ( ﻭﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ )ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪.(٢٠٠١ ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ ﺒﻌﺩﺓ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺤﺔ‪ ،"١٩٩٥ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬

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‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ‪ AtlasGIS‬ﻭﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ )ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪ .(١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻭﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪.(٢٠٠١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٤٢٢‬ﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﺒﺄﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﺘﺸﺭﺡ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻠﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﺒﺄﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ" ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻠﻭل‪ .(١٤٢٢ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻜﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺠﻴﻭﻤﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﺒﺭﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﺠﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﺘﻴﺸﻥ ﻭﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ )ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‪.(١٤٢٢ ،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻜﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺭﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﻗﺴﻡ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺎﺏ‬

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‫ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ‪) MapInfo‬ﻜﺭﺩﻱ‪ .(١٤٢٢ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﺩﺃ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪.(١٤٢٢ ،‬‬
‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺤﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﺴﻭﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻷﻫﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ )ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ( ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻻﺯﺍل ﻤﺒﻜﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻬﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٤١٣‬ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻭﻋﻤل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻀﻌﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻗﺘﺭﺡ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪.(١٤١٣ ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٤١٣‬ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻅﻬﺭﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﻓﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺭﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻤل ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻤل ﺨﻁﺔ ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻤل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪.(١٤١٣ ،‬‬

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‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺒل ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﺯﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺭ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻜﺎﻤﺒل ﻭﻤﺴﺭ‬
‫‪ Campbell and Masser‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩٩٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺩﺭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪International‬‬
‫)‪ City/County Management Association (ICMA‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻤﻲ ‪ ١٩٩٣‬ﻭ ‪١٩٩٥‬‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺀ ‪ ١٤٠٠‬ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺘﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺄﻥ ‪ ٪٢٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻭ‪٪٣٢‬‬
‫ﻴﺩﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪ ٢٥٠٠٠‬ﺴﺎﻜﻥ )‪.(ICMA, 1995; Campbell and Masser, 1992‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺠل ‪ Juhl‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٣‬ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺃﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٩٨٨‬ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ‪ ٧٠٠‬ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪ ١٩٩٣‬ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺃﻥ ‪ ٪٥٨‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ‪٪١٨‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒـ ‪ ٪٣٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩٨٨‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ‪ ١٠٠,٠٠٠‬ﺴﺎﻜﻥ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺘﻤﺜل ‪ ٪٧٠‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ‪ ٪٤٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٪٤٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ‪ ٪٣٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪ ٪٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪.(Juhl, 1993‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻭﺩﻴﻙ ‪ Budic‬ﺒﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪ ١٢٥‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻭﺠﻭﺭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﻨﻭﺭﺙ ﻜﺎﻭﺭﻻﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺜﺎﻭﺙ ﻜﺎﻭﺭﻻﻴﻨﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪ ٢٩‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ‪(Budic,‬‬
‫)‪ .1993‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻨﺯ ﻭﻓﺭﻨﺵ ‪ Wiggins and French‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩١‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ‪(Wiggins and French,‬‬
‫)‪ .1991‬ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺜل ﺃﺭﻴﺯﻭﻨﺎ ﻭﻓﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻴﺭﻻﻨﺩ ﻭﻤﻴﻨﺴﻭﺘﺎ ﻭﺃﻭﻫﺎﻴﻭ ﻭﺘﻴﻨﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٪٥٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﻔﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺤﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ )‪.(French and Skiles, 1996‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ AMERICAN FORESTS‬ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٨‬ﻟـ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺭﺩﺓ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٪٤٠‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ٪٨٧‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٦‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪.١٩٩٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬

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‫‪ -٣‬ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺼل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟـ ‪٥٠٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟـ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻁﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻀﻌﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٧‬ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﻗﻁﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﺩﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻭﺼﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺩﺭﺍﻟﻲ )‪.(URISA, 1998‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﻤﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪.(URISA, 1998‬‬

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‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﻭﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺤﻴﺎل ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒ ﹰ‬

‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺠﺄ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺸﺘﻤل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺸﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺸﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺨﺘﺹ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺅﺍل‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺨﺼﺹ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﺨﺼﺹ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻭﻤﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﺨﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺤﺼﺭ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺭﺴل ﻟﻬﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(٢‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﺠﻊ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ٣٥‬ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨ ﹰﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٤٤‬ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻤل‬
‫ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺫﺍﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﺭﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺠﻌﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﻜﺴل ﺤﻴﺙ ﺨﺼﺹ ﻋﻤﻭﺩ ﻟﻜل ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻡ ﻓﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٢٦‬ﻭ‪ ١١‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٪٣٧‬ﻭﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٢٣‬ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪.٪١٤‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬
‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺼل‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻸﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٢٣‬ﻭ ‪ ١١‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺇﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٣٦‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٩٤‬ﻭ ‪ ١٣‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ .٪٤٣‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫‪٩٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﻋﻤل‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ‪ ٢٧‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﺃﻱ‬

‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٩٠‬ﻭﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ ‪ ٩٨‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪١٠‬ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻜﺱ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪١٣‬ﻭﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ‪ VMS‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ .٪١٦‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻷﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫‪٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ ‪٢٠٠٠‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ ‪٩٨‬‬
‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻨﻜﺱ‬
‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪OS, VMS‬‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ‪ ESRI‬ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺃﺭﻙ‪/‬ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٢٦‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﺠﺭﺍﻑ ‪ INTERGRAPH‬ﻤﺜل ﺠﻴﻭﻤﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﺒﺭﻭ ﻭﺠﻴﻭﻤﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ .٪٢٠‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻷﻭﺘﻭﻜﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٢٠‬ﻭﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺏ ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٧‬ﻭﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺭﺩﺍﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ .%١٠‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺠﺭﺍﺱ ﻭﺠﻲ ﺒﻲ ﺠﻲ ﻭ ﺒﻲ ﺴﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪٣‬ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ .٪٣٠‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ ﺃﻭﻓﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ‪ ١٣‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ .٪٤٣‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﺠﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ‪ ١٧‬ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٤‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻙ ﺍﻨﻔﻭ‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺭﺠﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺏ ﺍﻨﻔﻭ‬
‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭ ﺴﻭﻓﺕ ﺍﻭﻓﻴﺱ‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻴﺭﺩﺍﺱ‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻭ ﻜﺎﺩ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺠﻲ ﺒﻲ ﺠﻲ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺱ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺒﻲ ﺴﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺩﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺠﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻑ ﻭﺠﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻡ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٥٠٠:١‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.٥٠,٠٠٠:١‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﺴﻡ ‪ ٥٠,٠٠٠:١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٥٠,٠٠٠:١‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(٥‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٥‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٥,٠٠٠:١ – ٢٥٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٥٠,٠٠٠:١ – ٥٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪١٠,٠٠٠:١ – ٢٥٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٥٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪١٠٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٤٠٠٠:١ – ١٠٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٥٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٥٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٠٠٠,٠٠٠:١ – ٥٠,٠٠٠:١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬

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‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺭﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺤﻲ ﺒﺎﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦‬ﺃﻥ ‪ ١١‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪٣٦‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪٢٠‬ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪٪٢٣‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧‬ﺃﻥ ‪ ١٢‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪٤٠‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪١٧‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﻁﺊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪٢٣‬ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ‪ ١٩‬ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٦٣‬ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٢٧‬ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٢٧‬ﻭ ‪ ١٢‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪٤٠‬ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪١٣‬ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٪١٣‬ﻭﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺨﺼﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ،٪١٠‬ﻭ ‪ ١٤‬ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﻡ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ .٪٤٦‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻟﻸﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺼﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺩﺨﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺤﻲ ﺒﻨﻘﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫‪٦٣‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻠﻲ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫‪٤٦‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺘﻤﺜل ‪ ٣٠‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ ٪٣٧,٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ ﻭﻴﻭﻨﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺃﺭﻙ‪/‬ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻴﻭ ﻤﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﺎﺏ ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻌﻤل ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻘﺩ‬

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‫ﺃﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻤﺜل ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺩﺭﺱ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻠﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺭﺠﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﻤﺎﺏ ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ ‪٢٠٠٠‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺒﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼل ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ١٧‬ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤل ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻓﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ‪Digital Chart of the‬‬
‫‪ World‬ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﺯﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﺘﻴﺸﻥ ‪ DGN‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﻤﻀﻁﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻀﻌﺎﻑ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺤﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﺴﻭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺭﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻟﻠﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺭﺴﻡ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺫﺍﺕ‬

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‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻟﻸﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻬﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻤﺜل ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤل‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻌﻤل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﻀﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻠﻭل‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺭﺒﺤﻲ‪" .١٤٢٢ ،‬ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪-١٤ ،‬‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭ‪.١٤٢٢ ،‬‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٥-١٤ ،‬‬
‫ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻜﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ‪" .١٤٢٢ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ١٥-١٤ ،‬ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻅﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻴﺩ‪" .١٩٩٤ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻲ"‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻤﺯﻱ‪" .١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،١٧‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪" .١٩٩٠ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٢١-٦‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪-٣٠ ،‬‬
‫‪.٣٥‬‬

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‫"ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪.١٩٨٩ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ،١٩-٦‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‬
‫‪.٤٢-٣٨‬‬
‫"ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪.١٩٨٩ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،١٧-٥ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.١٠-٤ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪" .١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٢٥‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.٣٩-٣٥ ،‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺭﻡ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪.١٩٨٧ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺠﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﻨﺠﺭﻤﻭﻨﺩ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ .١٩٩٤ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﺴﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺭﻡ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪.١٩٨٨ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪" .١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪" .١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ ٩٢‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪.٧٧-٧٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ‪" .١٩٩٢‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٨٣‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻘﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ .١٩٨٦ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻘﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪.١٩٩٠ ،‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١٣٤‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺩﻏﻭﺵ‪ .١٩٩٧ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ" ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ .١٩٩٠ ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪.١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪" .١٩٩٤ ،‬ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎﺌﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻀﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪.١٤٢٢ ،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ١٥-١٤ ،‬ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪" .١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪" .١٩٩١ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪" .١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﻠﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪" .١٩٩٤ ،‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺍﻤﻲ‪" .١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١٥٦‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺍﻤﻲ‪" . ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٧٩‬ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪.١٣٤-١٠٥‬‬
‫"ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺍﻤﻲ‪.١٩٩٨ ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﻴﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺭﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪.١٩٩٧ ،‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪.١٩٩٤ :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪.١٩٩٤ ،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ .١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪" .٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،١٠‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ‪" ،‬ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ"‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﺩﻋﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪.١٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪.١٩٨٩ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬

‫‪Alkadi. Abdullah Hussein, 2001. “Utilizing GIS to Serve Disabled Persons”, ESRI‬‬
‫‪International User Conference, San Diego, CA., USA.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
 Alramadan, Baqir M. 1993. A Framework for a National Effort Towards
Geographic Information Systems in Saudi Arabia”, An Published Dissertation in Urban
and Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA., USA.

Alsawydani, Saleh, 1992. “A Framework and Concepyual Guidelines for the

Implementation of the Geograohic Information Systems in the Governmnet Agencies of
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Unpublished Thesis, Department of Geography, Carlton
University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Brown, Mary Marureen, 1996. “An Emprical Assessment of the Hurdles to

Geographic Information System Success in Local Government.” State and Local
Government Review, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.193-204.

Budic, Zurica D. 1993. “GIS Use Among Southern Local Governments.” Journal
of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association. Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 4-17.

Canpbell Heather and Ian Masser, 1992. “GIS in Local Government: Some
Findings from Great Britain.” International Journal of Geographic Information Systems,
Vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 526-546.

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) 1997. “Organizational

Structure for Local Government GIS: A Survey”, An ESRI White Paper, Redlands, CA,
USA.

French, Steven P. and Amy E. Skiles, 1996. “Organizational Structures for GIS
Implementation.” Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Urban and Regional
Information Systems Association (URISA), Salt Lake City, UT, USA, July 27 – August
1, pp. 280-293.

International City/County Managemant Association (ICMA) and the Public

Technolgy, Inc. (PTI), 1995. “Computer Technology in Local Government Survey.”
Conducted by ICMA nad PTI, Washington, DC., USA.

Juhl, Ginger M. 1993. “Government Agencies Let Their Hair Down about GIS.”
Geo Info Systems, July/Auust, pp. 20-26.

Saudi Aramco, 1993. “Study on the Utilization of GIS Technology”, Final Report,
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Warnecke, Lisa; Jeff Beattie; Chery Kollin; and Winifred Lyday, 1998. Geographic
Information Technology in Cities and Counies: A Nationwide Assessment, Urban and
Regional Information Systems Association (URISA) and the American Forests, USA

Wiggins, Lyna L. and Steven P. French, 1991. “Comperative Analysis of

Geographic Information Systems Use in American Planning Agencies.” Second

36
International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Management. Oxfod,
England, July.

37
 ‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺹ ﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻭﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻹﻜﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬
‫)ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ(‬ ‫)ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ(‬ ‫)ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ( )ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﺼل(‬
‫_________‬ ‫____________‬ ‫__________________‬ ‫_________‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫)‪fkubbara@dammam.kfu.edu.sa (٠٣٨٥٧٨٧٣٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٠٣٨٥٧٨٢٠٦‬‬ ‫)ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ(‬
‫______________________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫________‬
‫====================================================================‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ‪Mainframe‬‬
‫)ﻻﻴﻭﺠﺩ(‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺼﻐﻴﺭ ‪Minicomputer‬‬

‫)ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ(‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺸﺨﺼﻲ ‪PC Computer‬‬
‫)‪(٢٥‬‬ ‫)‪(AST LC 4/66d‬‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﻋﻤل‬
‫)ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ(‬
‫________‬ ‫____________________‬

‫‪38‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ‪ -‬ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬
‫ﺃﺫﻜﺭ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٣/٣‬‬ ‫)‪١٤١٢‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫)ﺩﻭﺱ‪ /‬ﻭﻨﺩﻭﺯ(‬
‫_____________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫_________‬ ‫_________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫_________‬ ‫_________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫_________‬ ‫_________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫_________‬ ‫_________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫_________‬ ‫_________‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫)‪١٤١٠‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫)‪(MS Office‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪١٤١٠‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫)‪(AutoCAD‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪١٤١٧‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫)‪(ARC/INFO‬‬
‫_____________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫__________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫__________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫__________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫__________‬
‫_____________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫__________‬ ‫__________‬
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪١٤١٢‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫)‪(NOVEL‬‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫_______‬ ‫__________‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫_______‬ ‫__________‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫_______‬ ‫__________‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫_______‬ ‫__________‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫_______‬ ‫__________‬
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫_____________‬ ‫__________‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫_________‬
‫____________‬ ‫______________‬ ‫___________‬ ‫_________‬

‫‪39‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ )ﺃﺸﻜﺎل(( )ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﺔ(‬ ‫)‪(٤,٠٠٠,٠٠٠:١‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ(‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ(‬ ‫)ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ )ﺃﺸﻜﺎل((‬ ‫)‪(١٠٠٠:١‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ(‬
‫)ﺼﻭﺭ ﺠﻭﻴﺔ(‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ )ﺨﻁﻭﻁ((‬ ‫)‪(٢٥٠٠:١‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ(‬
‫_________________ _______________‬ ‫_________ ____‬ ‫_____‬
‫_________________ _______________‬ ‫_____‬ ‫_____ _________‬
‫_________________ _______________‬ ‫_____ ______________‬
‫_________________ _______________‬ ‫_____ ______________‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻭﻀﺢ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫)ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻜل ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻡ(‬ ‫)‪١٤١٤‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫)‪ ١٣‬ﺴﺠل(‬ ‫)ﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬
‫)ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻟﻜل ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻡ(‬ ‫)‪١٤١٤‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫)‪ ١٣‬ﺴﺠل(‬ ‫)ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ(‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬

‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬
‫_______________‬ ‫______________ _________________‬ ‫_____‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ )‪ (9‬ﻤﻊ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻤﺒﺴﻁ ﻷﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫… ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ(‬
‫_________________________________________________________‬
‫___________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬
‫_________________________________________________________‬
‫_________________________________________________________‬
‫… ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺕ(‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬
‫___________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬

‫…ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺃﺭﻙ ﺍﻨﻔﻭ ﻭﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺃﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻭ(‬
‫)ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ(‬
‫___________________________________________________________‬
‫_________________________________________________________‬
‫________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬
‫…ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺴﻤﺤﺕ‬
‫___________________________________________________________‬
‫___________________________________________________________‬
‫________________________________________________________‬
‫___________________________________________________________‬
‫__________________________________________________________‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﺩﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ) √( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫____‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬
‫____‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫____‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫____‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬
‫____‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫____‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫=======================================================‬
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ‪ -‬ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺹ‪ .‬ﺏ‪ ٢٣٩٧ .‬ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ ‪٣١٤٥١‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﺼل‬
‫ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ‪ ٠٣ ٨٥٧٨٢٠٦‬ﺘﻭﺼﻴﻠﻪ ‪ 2412‬ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ‪٠٣ ٨٥٧٨٧٣٩‬‬

‫ﺸﺎﻜﺭﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻜﻡ ﻭﺠﺯﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ‬

‫‪42‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﺄﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴل ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻭﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻨﺱ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻠﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺯﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﻴﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺯﻫﻴﺭ ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ‬
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‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺴﻠﻜﻲ ﻻ ﺴﻠﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻜﺘل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺭ ﻻﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫)ﺍﻨﺘﺭﺠﺭﺍﻑ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻙ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﺩ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﺩ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﺩ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﺩ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﺒﺯ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻑ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺌﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﻠﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻵﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺒﻴل ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺒﻴل ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻹﻨﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
 ‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﺄﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻹﻨﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻑ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﺩ‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬

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