Anton Chekhov

Physician
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian physician, playwright and author who is considered to be
among the greatest writers of short stories in history. Wikipedia
Born: January 29, 1860, Taganrog, Russia
Died: July 15, 1904, Badenweiler, Germany
Books: Stories of Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Dog, The Bet, more
Plays: The Cherry Orchard, The Seagull, Three Sisters, more
Influenced by: Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, more

1.

A Marriage ProposalAnton Chekhov

2.

A Tragedian in Spite of HimselfAnton Chekhov

3.

IvanovAnton Chekhov

4.

On the Harmful Effects of TobaccoAnton Chekhov

;

5.

6.

PlatonovAnton Chekhov
7.

8.

Three SistersAnton Chekhov

;

9.

That Worthless Fellow PlatonovAnton Chekhov

10. 8

The BearAnton Chekhov

11. 9

The WeddingAnton Chekhov

12. 10

The CelebrationAnton Chekhov

13. 11

The Wood DemonAnton Chekhov

;

14. 12

The Cherry OrchardAnton Chekhov

;

15. 13

Uncle VanyaAnton Chekhov

16. 14

The Seagull
More images

Samuel Beckett
Novelist
Samuel Barclay Beckett was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, and poet, who
lived in Paris for most of his adult life and wrote in both English and French. Wikipedia
Born: April 13, 1906, Foxrock, Republic of Ireland
Died: December 22, 1989, Paris, France
Spouse: Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil (m. 19611989)
Books: Molloy, Murphy, The Unnamable, Malone Dies, Watt, more

Quotes
Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try Again. Fail again. Fail better.
We are all born mad. Some remain so.
You're on earth. There's no cure for that.
View 7+ more

Plays
View 30+ more

Category:Plays by Samuel Beckett

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The main article for this category is Samuel Beckett.

[hide]

Samuel Beckett
Plays

Theatre

Human Wishes
Eleutheria
Waiting for Godot

Act Without Words I

Act Without Words II
Endgame
Krapp's Last Tape
Rough for Theatre I
Rough for Theatre II
Happy Days
Play
Come and Go
Breath
Not I
That Time
Footfalls
Neither
A Piece of Monologue
Rockaby
Ohio Impromptu
Catastrophe
What Where
All That Fall
From an Abandoned Work
Embers
Radio

The Old Tune

Rough for Radio I
Rough for Radio II
Words and Music
Cascando

Television

Eh Joe
Beginning To End
Ghost Trio
... but the clouds ...
Quad I + II
Nacht und Trume

Beckett Directs Beckett

Screen

Film

Dream of Fair to Middling Women

Murphy
Watt
Novels

Mercier and Camier

Molloy
Malone Dies
The Unnamable
How It Is

Short stories

"Assumption"
"Sedendo et Quiescendo"
"Text"
"Echo's Bones"
"A Case in a Thousand"
"First Love"
"From an Abandoned Work"
"The Image"
"All Strange Away"
"Imagination Dead Imagine"
"Enough"
"Ping"
"Lessness"
"The Lost Ones"
"Fizzles"
"Heard in the Dark 1"
"Heard in the Dark 2"
"One Evening"
"As the story was told"
"The Cliff"
"neither"
"Stirrings Still"
"Company"

"Ill Seen Ill Said"

"Worstward Ho"
More Pricks Than Kicks
Short story collections

Stories and Texts for Nothing

The Complete Short Prose 192989
Three Dialogues

Non-fiction

Disjecta
Proust
"The Capital of the Ruins"

Pages in category "Plays by Samuel Beckett"

The following 33 pages are in this category, out of 33 total. This list may not reflect recent changes
(learn more).

Act Without Words I

Act Without Words II

All That Fall

Breath (play)

... but the clouds ...

Cascando

Catastrophe (play)

Come and Go

Eh Joe

Eleutheria (play)

Embers

Endgame (play)

Footfalls

From an Abandoned Work

Ghost Trio (play)

Happy Days (play)

Krapp's Last Tape

Nacht und Trume (play)

Not I

Ohio Impromptu

The Old Tune

A Piece of Monologue

Play (play)

Quad (play)

Rockaby

Rough for Radio I

Rough for Radio II

Rough for Theatre I

Rough for Theatre II

That Time

Waiting for Godot

What Where

Words and Music (play)

More images

Arthur Miller
Playwright
Arthur Asher Miller was a prolific American playwright, essayist, and prominent figure in twentieth-century
American theatre. Among his most popular plays are All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, The Crucible and
A View from the Bridge. Wikipedia
Born: October 17, 1915, Harlem, New York City, New York, United States
Died: February 10, 2005, Roxbury, Connecticut, United States
Spouse: Inge Morath (m. 19622002), Marilyn Monroe (m. 19561961),Mary Grace Slattery (m. 1940
1956)
Children: Rebecca Miller, Robert A. Miller, Daniel Miller, Jane Ellen Miller
Books: Timebends: A Life, On politics and the art of acting, more

Plays
View 20+ more
The Crucible
1950
Death of a Salesman
1949
All My Sons
1947
A View from the Bridge
1955
After the Fall
1964

bio | works | Arthur Miller Foundation | links | representation

Plays
The Golden Years
The Man Who Had All the Luck
All My Sons

Death of a Salesman
An Enemy of the People
The Crucible
A View from the Bridge
After the Fall
A Memory of Two Mondays
Incident at Vichy
The Price
The Creation of the World and Other Business
The Archbishops Ceiling
The American Clock
Playing for Time
The Ride Down Mt. Morgan
Broken Glass
Mr. Peters Connections
Resurrection Blues
Finishing the Picture

One-Act Plays
A View from the Bridge (one-act version)
A Memory of Two Mondays
Fame / The Reason Why
Two Way Mirror:
Elegy for a Lady
Some Kind of Love Story

Danger: Memory!
I Cant Remember Anything
Clara
The Last Yankee

Screenplays

The Misfits

Everybody Wins

The Crucible

Autobiography
Timebends
Reportage
Situation Normal
In Russia [with Inge Morath]
In the Country [with Inge Morath]
Chinese Encounters [with Inge Morath]
Salesman in Beijing
Fiction
Focus (novel)
Jane's Blanket (children's story)
I Dont Need You Anymore (stories)
Homely Girl, A Life (novella and stories)
Presence: Stories

Collections

Arthur Millers Collected Plays, Volumes I and II

The Portable Arthur Miller

Arthur Miller: Collected Plays 1944-1961 (Tony Kushner, editor) second

volume upcoming
Essays
The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller (Robert Martin, editor)
Echoes Down the Corridor: Collected Essays 1944-2000 (Steven
Centola, editor)
On Politics and the Art of Acting

More images

Henrik Ibsen
Playwright
Henrik Johan Ibsen was a major 19th-century Norwegian playwright, theatre director, and poet. He is
often referred to as "the father of realism" and is one of the founders of Modernism in theatre. Wikipedia
Born: March 20, 1828, Skien, Norway
Died: May 23, 1906, Oslo, Norway
Influenced by: August Strindberg, Henrik Wergeland, Sren Kierkegaard, Georg Brandes, Jens Peter
Jacobsen
Books: Ibsen: plays, Dikt, The works of Henrik Ibsen, Terje Vigen, more

Quotes
Never wear your best trousers when you go out to fight for freedom and truth.
A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed.
A community is like a ship; everyone ought to be prepared to take the helm.
View 7+ more

Plays
View 20+ more
A Doll's House
1879
Ghosts
1881
Hedda Gabler
1890
Peer Gynt
1876
An Enemy of the People
1882

Pages in category "Plays by Henrik Ibsen"

The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. This list may not reflect recent changes
(learn more).

Brand (play)

The Burial Mound

Catiline (play)

A Doll's House

Emperor and Galilean

An Enemy of the People

The Feast at Solhaug

Ghosts (play)

Hedda Gabler

John Gabriel Borkman

The Lady from the Sea

Lady Inger of Ostrat

The League of Youth

Little Eyolf

Love's Comedy

The Master Builder

The Mountain Bird

Norma (play)

Olaf Liljekrans

Peer Gynt

The Pillars of Society

The Pretenders (play)

Rosmersholm

St. John's Eve (play)

The Vikings at Helgeland

When We Dead Awaken

The Wild Duck

Template:A Doll's House

Categories:
Plays by writer

Works by Henrik Ibsen

Norwegian plays

More images

Molire
Playwright

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molire, was a French playwright and actor who is
considered to be one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature. Wikipedia
Born: January 15, 1622, Paris, France
Died: February 17, 1673, Paris, France
Influenced by: Jean Racine, Pierre Corneille, Plautus, Giordano Bruno
Books: Amphitryon, The Misanthrope and Other Plays, more

Quotes
Writing is like prostitution. First you do it for love, and then for a few close friends, and then for money.
One dies only once, and then for such a long time!
The greater the obstacle, the more glory in overcoming it.
View 7+ more

Plays
View 15+ more
Tartuffe
1669
The Miser
1668
The Imaginary Invalid
1673
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
1670
The School for Wives
1662

People also search for

Le Mdecin volant (1645)The Flying Doctor

La Jalousie du barbouill (1650)

L'tourdi ou Les Contretemps (1655)The Blunderer

Le Dpit amoureux (16 December 1656)

Le Docteur amoureux (1658), the first play performed by Molire's troupe for Louis XIV (now
lost)The Doctor in Love

Les Prcieuses ridicules (18 November 1659)The Affected Young Ladies

Sganarelle ou Le Cocu imaginaire (28 May 1660)Sganarelle, or the Imaginary Cuckold

Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (4 February 1661)Don Garcia of Navarre or

the Jealous Prince

L'cole des maris (24 June 1661)The School for Husbands

Les Fcheux (17 August 1661)The Mad

L'cole des femmes (26 December 1662; adapted into The Amorous Flea, 1964)The
School for Wives

La Jalousie du Gros-Ren (15 April 1663)

La Critique de l'cole des femmes (1 June 1663)Critique of the School for Wives

L'Impromptu de Versailles (14 October 1663)

Le Mariage forc (29 January 1664)The Forced Marriage

Gros-Ren, petit enfant (27 April 1664; now lost)

La Princesse d'lide (8 May 1664)The Princess of Elid

Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (12 May 1664)Tartuffe

Dom Juan ou Le Festin de pierre (15 February 1665)

L'Amour mdecin (15 September 1665)Love Is the Doctor

Le Misanthrope ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux (4 June 1666)The Misanthrope

Le Mdecin malgr lui (6 August 1666)The Doctor in Spite of Himself

Mlicerte (2 December 1666)

Pastorale comique (5 January 1667)

Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre (14 February 1667)The Sicilian, or Love the Painter

Amphitryon (13 January 1668)

George Dandin ou Le Mari confondu (18 July 1668)George Dandin, or the Abashed
Husband

L'Avare ou L'cole du mensonge (9 September 1668)The Miser

Monsieur de Pourceaugnac (6 October 1669)

Les Amants magnifiques (4 February 1670)The Magnificent Lovers

Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (14 October 1670)The Bourgeois Gentleman

Psych (17 January 1671)Psyche

Les Fourberies de Scapin (24 May 1671)

La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (2 December 1671)

Les Femmes savantes (11 March 1672)The Learned Ladies

Le Malade imaginaire (10 February 1673)The Imaginary Invalid

More images

Tennessee Williams

Playwright
Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III was an American playwright and author of many stage
classics. Along with Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller he is considered among the three foremost
playwrights in 20th century American drama. Wikipedia
Born: March 26, 1911, Columbus, Mississippi, United States
Died: February 25, 1983, New York City, New York, United States
Movies: A Streetcar Named Desire, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, more
Education: The New School, Washington University in St. Louis,University of Iowa, University of
Missouri

Quotes

There is a time for departure even when there's no certain place to go.
In memory everything seems to happen to music.
When so many are lonely as seem to be lonely, it would be inexcusably selfish to be lonely alone.
View 7+ more

Plays

View 30+ more

A Streetcar Named Desire
1947
The Glass Menagerie
1945
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
1954
Orpheus Descending
1959
Suddenly, Last Summer
1958

Bibliography[edit]

Vivien Leigh as Blanche DuBoisin A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)

Characters in his plays are often seen as representations of his family members. Laura Wingfield
in The Glass Menagerie was understood to be modeled on Rose. Some biographers believed that
the character of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire is also based on her.
Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie was generally seen to represent Williams' mother,
Edwina. Characters such as Tom Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie and Sebastian in Suddenly, Last
Summer were understood to represent Williams himself. In addition, he used a lobotomy operation
as a motif in Suddenly, Last Summer.
The Pulitzer Prize for Drama was awarded to A Streetcar Named Desire in 1948 and to Cat on a Hot
Tin Roof in 1955. These two plays were later filmed, with great success, by noted directors Elia
Kazan (Streetcar) with whom Williams developed a very close artistic relationship, and Richard
Brooks (Cat). Both plays included references to elements of Williams' life such as homosexuality,
mental instability, and alcoholism. Although The Flowering Peach by Clifford Odets was the preferred
choice of the Pulitzer Prize jury in 1955 and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was at first considered the
weakest of the five shortlisted nominees, Joseph Pulitzer Jr., chairman of the Board, had seen Cat
on a Hot Tin Roof and thought it worthy of the drama prize. The Board went along with him after
considerable discussion.[32]
Williams wrote The Parade, or Approaching the End of a Summer when he was 29 and worked on it
sporadically throughout his life. A semi-autobiographical depiction of his 1940 romance with Kip
Kiernan in Provincetown, Massachusetts, it was produced for the first time on October 1, 2006 in
Provincetown by the Shakespeare on the Cape production company, as part of the First Annual
Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival.
His last play went through many drafts as he was trying to reconcile what would be the end of his
life.[24] There are many versions of it, but it is referred to as In Masks Outrageous and Austere.

Plays[edit]
Apprentice plays

Candles to the Sun (1936)

Fugitive Kind (1937)

Spring Storm (1937)

Me Vaysha (1937)

Not About Nightingales (1938)

Battle of Angels (1940)

I Rise in Flame, Cried the Phoenix (1941)

You Touched Me (1945)

Stairs to the Roof (1947)

Major plays

The Glass Menagerie (1944)

A Streetcar Named Desire (1947)

Summer and Smoke (1948)

The Rose Tattoo (1951)

Camino Real (1953)

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955)

Orpheus Descending (1957)

Suddenly, Last Summer (1958)

Sweet Bird of Youth (1959)

Period of Adjustment (1960)

The Night of the Iguana (1961)

The Eccentricities of a Nightingale (1962, rewriting of Summer and Smoke)

The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore (1963)

The Mutilated (1965)

The Seven Descents of Myrtle (1968, aka Kingdom of Earth)

In the Bar of a Tokyo Hotel (1969)

Will Mr. Merriweather Return from Memphis? (1969)

Small Craft Warnings (1972)

The Two-Character Play (1973)

Out Cry (1973, rewriting of The Two-Character Play)

The Red Devil Battery Sign (1975)

This Is (An Entertainment) (1976)

Vieux Carr (1977)

A Lovely Sunday for Creve Coeur (1979)

Clothes for a Summer Hotel (1980)

The Notebook of Trigorin (1980)

Something Cloudy, Something Clear (1981)

A House Not Meant to Stand (1982)

In Masks Outrageous and Austere (1983)

Novels[edit]

The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1950, adapted into a film in 1961, and again in 2003)

Moise and the World of Reason (1975)

Screenplays and teleplays[edit]

The Glass Menagerie (1950)

A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)

The Rose Tattoo (1955)

Baby Doll (1956)

Suddenly, Last Summer (1959)

The Fugitive Kind (1959)

Ten Blocks on the Camino Real (1966)

Boom! (1968)

The Loss of a Teardrop Diamond (2009; screenplay from 1957)

Short stories[edit]

The Vengeance of Nitocris (1928)

The Field of Blue Children (1939)

The Resemblance Between a Violin Case and a Coffin (1951)

Hard Candy: A Book of Stories (1954)

Three Players of a Summer Game and Other Stories (1960)

The Knightly Quest: a Novella and Four Short Stories (1966)

One Arm and Other Stories (1967)

"One Arm"

"The Malediction"

"The Poet"

"Chronicle of a Demise"

"Desire and the Black Masseur"

"Portrait of a Girl in Glass"

"The Important Thing"

"The Angel in the Alcove"

"The Field of Blue Children"

"The Night of the Iguana"

"The Yellow Bird"

Eight Mortal Ladies Possessed: a Book of Stories (1974)

Tent Worms (1980)

It Happened the day the Sun Rose, and Other Stories (1981)

One-act plays[edit]
Main article: List of one-act plays by Tennessee Williams
Williams wrote over 70 one-act plays during his lifetime. The one-acts explored many of the same
themes that dominated his longer works. Williams' major collections are published by New
Directions in New York City.

American Blues (1948)

Mister Paradise and Other One-Act Plays

Dragon Country: a book of one-act plays (1970)

The Traveling Companion and Other Plays

27 Wagons Full of Cotton and Other Plays (1946 and 1953)

Something wild... (introduction) (1953)

27 Wagons Full of Cotton (1946 and 1953)

The Purification (1946 and 1953)

The Lady of Larkspur Lotion (1946 and 1953)

The Last of My Solid Gold Watches (1946 and 1953)

Portrait of a Madonna (1946 and 1953)

Auto-da-F (1946 and 1953)

Lord Byron's Love Letter (1946 and 1953)

The Strangest Kind of Romance (1946 and 1953)

The Long Goodbye (1946 and 1953)

At Liberty (1946)

Moony's Kid Don't Cry (1946)

Hello from Bertha (1946 and 1953)

This Property Is Condemned (1946 and 1953)

Talk to Me Like the Rain and Let Me Listen... (1953)

Something Unspoken (1953)

The Theatre of Tennessee Williams, Volume VI

The Theatre of Tennessee Williams, Volume VII

Poetry[edit]

In the Winter of Cities (1956)

Androgyne, Mon Amour (1977)

Selected works[edit]

Gussow, Mel and Holditch, Kenneth, eds. Tennessee Williams, Plays 19371955 (Library of
America, 2000) ISBN 978-1-883011-86-4.

Spring Storm

Not About Nightingales

Battle of Angels

I Rise in Flame, Cried the Phoenix

From 27 Wagons Full of Cotton (1946)

27 Wagons Full of Cotton

The Lady of Larkspur Lotion

The Last of My Solid Gold Watches

Portrait of a Madonna

Auto-da-F

Lord Byron's Love Letter

This Property Is Condemned

The Glass Menagerie

A Streetcar Named Desire

Summer and Smoke

The Rose Tattoo

Camino Real

From 27 Wagons Full of Cotton (1953)

"Something Wild"

Talk to Me Like the Rain and Let Me Listen

Something Unspoken
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Gussow, Mel and Holditch, Kenneth, eds. Tennessee Williams, Plays 19571980 (Library of
America, 2000) ISBN 978-1-883011-87-1.

Orpheus Descending

Suddenly, Last Summer

Sweet Bird of Youth

Period of Adjustment

The Night of the Iguana

The Eccentricities of a Nightingale

The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore

The Mutilated

Kingdom of Earth (The Seven Descents of Myrtle)

Small Craft Warnings

Out Cry

Vieux Carr

A Lovely Sunday for Creve Coeur

Euripides
Tragedian
Euripides was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the
others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Wikipedia
Born: 480 BC, Salamis Island, Greece
Died: 406 BC, Macedonia
Influenced by: Sophocles, Socrates, Anaxagoras, Protagoras
Books: The tragedies of Euripides, Medea, and other plays, more

Quotes
One loyal friend is worth ten thousand relatives.
Talk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish.
No one can confidently say that he will still be living tomorrow.
View 7+ more

Plays
View 15+ more
Medea
431 BC
The Bacchae
The Trojan Women
Alcestis
438 BC
Hippolytus
428 BC

Euripides Plays List

List of Euripides plays with descriptions, including any musicals by Euripides,
playwright. This Euripides plays list includes promotional photos when available,
as well as information about co-writers and Euripides characters. This list of
plays by Euripides is listed alphabetically and includes art of the play's posters
when available. Examples of items on this list include Iphigenia in Tauris and
Medea. What plays did Euripides write? All these, one-acts, musicals, or fulllength plays are by Euripides and can help you decide, "What are the best
Euripides plays?" (19 items)

G
B
&

OPTIONS

COMMENTS

1.

EMBED

AlcestisEuripides
;

2.

AndromacheEuripides
;

3.

CyclopsEuripides
;

4.

ElectraEuripides
;

5.

6.

HecubaEuripides
;

7.

8.

HelenEuripides
;

9.

HeraklesEuripides

10. 8

Herakles' ChildrenEuripides
;

11. 9

HippolytusEuripides

12. 10

IonEuripides
;

13. 11

Iphigenia in AulisEuripides
;

14. 12

Iphigenia in TaurisEuripides
;

15. 13

MedeaEuripides
;

16. 14

OrestesEuripides
;

17. 15

The Phoenician WomenEuripides

;

18.

19. 16

RhesusEuripides

20. 17

The BacchaeEuripides
;

21. 18

The SuppliantsEuripides
;

22. 19

The Trojan WomenEuripides

More images

Christopher Marlowe
Playwright
Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe, was an English playwright, poet and translator of the
Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian of his day. Wikipedia
Born: February 6, 1564, Canterbury, United Kingdom
Died: May 30, 1593, Deptford, London, United Kingdom
Books: The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, Hero and Leander, more
Education: University of Cambridge, The King's School, Canterbury,Corpus Christi College, Cambridge

Quotes
Was this the face that launched a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Ileum?
Who ever loved that loved not at first sight?
Come live with me and be my love, And we will all the pleasures prove, That valleys, groves, hills, and
fields, Woods, or steepy mountain yields.
View 7+ more

Plays
View 3+ more
The Tragical History of...
1604
Edward II
1593
Tamburlaine
1590
The Jew of Malta
2013
The Massacre at Paris

Works[edit]
The dates of composition are approximate.

Plays[edit]

Dido, Queen of Carthage (c. 1586) (possibly co-written with Thomas Nashe)

Tamburlaine, part 1 (c. 1587)

Tamburlaine, part 2 (c. 15871588)

The Jew of Malta (c. 1589)

Doctor Faustus (c. 1589, or, c. 1593)

Edward II (c. 1592)

The Massacre at Paris (c. 1593)

The play Lust's Dominion was attributed to Marlowe upon its initial publication in 1657, though
scholars and critics have almost unanimously rejected the attribution.

Poetry[edit]

Translation of Book One of Lucan's Pharsalia (date unknown)

Translation of Ovid's Elegies (c. 1580s?)

"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" (pre-1593)

Hero and Leander (c. 1593, unfinished; completed by George Chapman, 1598)

Fictional works about Marlowe[edit]

Wilbur G. Zeigler's novel It was Marlowe (1895) was the first book to argue that Marlowe's
death was faked[79]apparently in support of Zeigler's claim that Marlowe was the actual author
of Hamlet, which was written after Marlowe's recorded death.

Philip Lindsay's One Dagger For Two (1932), novel which claims that Marlowe was stabbed
in a dispute over a woman.

Leo Rost's Marlowe (1981), was an American rock musical staged on Broadway.

Peter Whelan's play The School of Night (1992), about Marlowe's links to the freethinking
"school of night" and the young Shakespeare, was performed by theRoyal Shakespeare
Company in Stratford-upon-Avon.

Anthony Burgess's A Dead Man in Deptford (1993), an imaginative treatment of Marlowe's

death, was the last of Burgess's novels to be published in his lifetime.

Louise Welsh's 2004 novel Tamburlaine Must Die about Marlowe's last days was chosen as
a BBC Radio 4 "Book at Bedtime" in April 2006.[80]

The Christopher Marlowe Mysteries was a 4-episode BBC Radio 4 series, first broadcast in
2007.[81]

Michael Butt's radio play, The Killing, was performed as "Afternoon Drama" on BBC Radio 4
in August 2010.[82]

D. Lawrence-Young's novel: Marlowe: "Soul'd to the Devil" (2010) is close to a biography of

Marlowe's life.

Ros Barber's verse novel The Marlowe Papers (2012), in which Marlowe looks back on his
past and faked death, was winner of the Desmond Elliott Prize and joint winner of the Authors'
Club First Novel Award for 2013.

Notes[edit]
1.

2.

Jump up^

More images

3.

Aristophanes

4. Playwright
5. Aristophanes, son of Philippus, of the deme Cydathenaeum, was a comic playwright of ancient
Athens. Eleven of his thirty plays survive virtually complete. Wikipedia
6. Born: Classical Athens
7. Died: Delphi, Greece
8. Influenced by: Euripides, Socrates, Pindar
9. Books: Le commedie, Complete plays, Frogs and Other Plays, more

10.

Quotes

11. Under every stone lurks a politician.

12. High thoughts must have high language.
13. Men of sense often learn from their enemies. It is from their foes, not their friends, that cities learn
the lesson of building high walls and ships of war . . .
14. View 7+ more

15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Plays

View 5+ more
Lysistrata
The Clouds
The Frogs
The Birds
1950
The Acharnians

23.

People also search for

Works[edit]

Surviving plays[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations
related to: Aristophanes
Wikisource has original
works written by or
about:
Aristophanes
Greek Wikisource has
original text related to
this article:
Works by
Aristophanes

Most of these are traditionally referred to by abbreviations of their Latin titles; Latin remains a
customary language of scholarship in classical studies.

The Acharnians ( Akharneis; Attic ; Acharnenses) 425 BC

The Knights ( Hippeis; Attic ; Latin: Equites) 424 BC

The Clouds ( Nephelai; Latin: Nubes); original 423 BC, uncompleted revised version
from 419 BC 416 BC survives

The Wasps ( Sphekes; Latin: Vespae) 422 BC

Peace ( Eirene; Latin: Pax) first version, 421 BC

The Birds ( Ornithes; Latin: Aves) 414 BC

Lysistrata ( Lysistrate) 411 BC

Thesmophoriazusae or The Women Celebrating the

Thesmophoria ( Thesmophoriazousai) first version c.411 BC

The Frogs ( Batrakhoi; Latin: Ranae) 405 BC

Ecclesiazusae or The Assemblywomen; ( Ekklesiazousai) c. 392 BC

Wealth ( Ploutos; Latin Plutus) second version, 388 BC

Datable non-surviving (lost) plays[edit]

The standard modern edition of the fragments is Kassel-Austin, Poetae Comici Graeci III.2.

Banqueters ( Daitaleis, 427

BC)

Babylonians ( Babylonioi,
426 BC)

Farmers ( Georgoi, 424 BC)

Merchant Ships ( Holkades,

423 BC)

Clouds (first version) (423 BC)

Proagon (, 422 BC)

Amphiaraus (, 414 BC)

Plutus (Wealth, first version, 408 BC)

Gerytades (, uncertain,
probably 407 BC)

Cocalus (, 387 BC)

Aiolosicon (, second version,

386 BC)

Undated non-surviving (lost) plays[edit]

Aiolosicon (first version)

Peace (second version)

Anagyrus ()

Phoenician Women ( Phoinissai)

Frying-Pan

Polyidus ()

Seasons ( Horai)

Storks ( Pelargoi)

Telemessians ( Telmesseis)

Triphales ()

Thesmophoriazusae (Women at the Thesmophoria

Men ( Tagenistai)

Daedalus ()
Danaids ( Danaides)
Centaur ( Kentauros)
Heroes ()
Lemnian

Festival, second version)

Women ( Lemniai)

Old Age ( Geras)

Women in Tents (
Skenas Katalambanousai)

Attributed (doubtful, possibly by Archippus)[edit]

See also: Archippus (poet)

Dionysus Shipwrecked ( Dionysos

Niobos ()

Poetry ( Poie

Nauagos)

Islands ( Nesoi)

sis

More images

Aeschylus
Tragedian
Aeschylus was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is also the first whose plays still survive; the others are
Sophocles and Euripides. Wikipedia
Born: 525 BC, Eleusis, Greece
Died: Gela, Italy
Books: The house of Atreus, Prometheus Bound and Other Plays, more
Movies: Hercules Unchained, The Illiac Passion, Wedding in Blood, The Forgotten Pistolero, Promitheus
Enantiodromon

Quotes
It is in the character of very few men to honor without envy a friend who has prospered.
Wisdom comes alone through suffering.
There is no pain so great as the memory of joy in present grief.
View 7+ more

Plays
View 5+ more
The Persians
1966
Prometheus Bound
1886
Agamemnon
The Suppliants
1931
Seven Against Thebes
1895

People also search for

Works[edit]

Modern picture of the Theatre of Dionysusin Athens, where many of Aeschylus's plays were performed

The roots of Greek drama are in religious festivals for the gods, chiefly Dionysus, the god of wine.
[12]

During Aeschylus's lifetime, dramatic competitions became part of the City Dionysia in the spring.

[12]

The festival opened with a procession, followed with a competition of boys singing dithyrambs and

culminated in a pair of dramatic competitions.[22] The first competition Aeschylus would have
participated in, consisted of three playwrights each presenting three tragic plays followed by a
shorter comedic satyr play.[22] A second competition of five comedic playwrights followed, and the
winners of both competitions were chosen by a panel of judges. [22]
Aeschylus entered many of these competitions in his lifetime, and various ancient sources attribute
between seventy and ninety plays to him.[2][23] Only seven tragedies have survived intact: The
Persians, Seven against Thebes, The Suppliants, the trilogy known as The Oresteia, consisting of
the three tragedies Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers andThe Eumenides, together
with Prometheus Bound (whose authorship is disputed). With the exception of this last play the
success of which is uncertain all of Aeschylus's extant tragedies are known to have won first prize
at the City Dionysia.
The Alexandrian Life of Aeschylus claims that he won the first prize at the City Dionysia thirteen
times. This compares favorably with Sophocles' reported eighteen victories (with a substantially
larger catalogue, at an estimated 120 plays), and dwarfs the five victories of Euripides, who is
thought to have written roughly 90 plays.

Trilogies[edit]
One hallmark of Aeschylean dramaturgy appears to have been his tendency to write connected
trilogies, in which each play serves as a chapter in a continuous dramatic narrative. [24] The
Oresteia is the only extant example of this type of connected trilogy, but there is evidence that
Aeschylus often wrote such trilogies. The comic satyr plays that follow his trilogies also drew upon
stories derived from myths.

For example, the Oresteia's satyr play Proteus treated the story of Menelaus' detour in Egypt on his
way home from the Trojan War. Based on the evidence provided by a catalogue of Aeschylean play
titles, scholia, and play fragments recorded by later authors, it is assumed that three other of his
extant plays were components of connected trilogies: Seven against Thebes being the final play in
an Oedipus trilogy, and The Suppliants and Prometheus Bound each being the first play in a Danaid
trilogy and Prometheus trilogy, respectively (see below). Scholars have moreover suggested several
completely lost trilogies derived from known play titles. A number of these trilogies treated myths
surrounding the Trojan War. One, collectively called the Achilleis, comprised the
titles Myrmidons, Nereids and Phrygians(alternately, The Ransoming of Hector).
Another trilogy apparently recounts the entry of the Trojan ally Memnon into the war, and his death at
the hands of Achilles (Memnon and The Weighing of Soulsbeing two components of the trilogy); The
Award of the Arms, The Phrygian Women, and The Salaminian Women suggest a trilogy about the
madness and subsequent suicide of the Greek hero Ajax; Aeschylus also seems to have written
about Odysseus' return to Ithaca after the war (including his killing of his wifePenelope's suitors and
its consequences) in a trilogy consisting of The Soul-raisers, Penelope and The Bone-gatherers.
Other suggested trilogies touched on the myth of Jason and the Argonauts (Arg, Lemnian
Women, Hypsipyl); the life of Perseus (The Net-draggers, Polydekts, Phorkides); the birth and
exploits of Dionysus (Semele, Bacchae, Pentheus); and the aftermath of the war portrayed in Seven
against Thebes (Eleusinians, Argives (or Argive Women), Sons of the Seven).[25]

Surviving plays[edit]

The Persians[edit]
Main article: The Persians
The earliest of his plays to survive is The Persians (Persai), performed in 472 BC and based on
experiences in Aeschylus's own life, specifically the Battle of Salamis.[26] It is unique among surviving
Greek tragedies in that it describes a recent historical event. [2] The Persians focuses on the popular
Greek theme of hubrisby blaming Persia's loss on the pride of its king.[26]
It opens with the arrival of a messenger in Susa, the Persian capital, bearing news of the
catastrophic Persian defeat at Salamis to Atossa, the mother of the Persian King Xerxes. Atossa
then travels to the tomb of Darius, her husband, where his ghost appears to explain the cause of the
defeat. It is, he says, the result of Xerxes' hubris in building a bridge across the Hellespont, an action
which angered the gods. Xerxes appears at the end of the play, not realizing the cause of his defeat,
and the play closes to lamentations by Xerxes and the chorus.[27]

Seven against Thebes[edit]

Main article: Seven against Thebes
Seven against Thebes (Hepta epi Thebas), which was performed in 467 BC, has the contrasting
theme of the interference of the gods in human affairs. [26] It also marks the first known appearance in
Aeschylus's work of a theme which would continue through his plays, that of the polis (the city) being
a key development of human civilization.[28]
The play tells the story of Eteocles and Polynices, the sons of the shamed King of Thebes, Oedipus.
The sons agree to alternate in the throne of the city, but after the first year Eteocles refuses to step
down, and Polynices wages war to claim his crown. The brothers kill each other in single combat,
and the original ending of the play consisted of lamentations for the dead brothers. [29]
A new ending was added to the play some fifty years later: Antigone and Ismene mourn their dead
brothers, a messenger enters announcing an edict prohibiting the burial of Polynices; and finally,
Antigone declares her intention to defy this edict. [29] The play was the third in a connected Oedipus
trilogy; the first two plays wereLaius and Oedipus. The concluding satyr play was The Sphinx.[30]

The Suppliants[edit]
Main article: The Suppliants (Aeschylus)
Aeschylus continued his emphasis on the polis with The Suppliants in 463 BC (Hiketides), which
pays tribute to the democratic undercurrents running through Athens in advance of the establishment
of a democratic government in 461. In the play, the Danaids, the fifty daughters of Danaus, founder
of Argos, flee a forced marriage to their cousins in Egypt. They turn to King Pelasgus of Argos for
protection, but Pelasgus refuses until the people of Argos weigh in on the decision, a distinctly
democratic move on the part of the king. The people decide that the Danaids deserve protection,
and they are allowed within the walls of Argos despite Egyptian protests. [31]
The 1952 publication of Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 2256 fr. 3 confirmed a long-assumed (because
of The Suppliants' cliffhanger ending) Danaid trilogy, whose constituent plays are generally agreed to
be The Suppliants, The Egyptians and The Danaids. A plausible reconstruction of the trilogy's last
two-thirds runs thus:[32]In The Egyptians, the Argive-Egyptian war threatened in the first play has
transpired. During the course of the war, King Pelasgus has been killed, and Danaus rules Argos. He
negotiates a peace settlement with Aegyptus, as a condition of which, his fifty daughters will marry
the fifty sons of Aegyptus. Danaus secretly informs his daughters of an oracle predicting that one of

his sons-in-law would kill him; he therefore orders the Danaids to murder their husbands on their
wedding night. His daughters agree. The Danaids would open the day after the wedding.[33]
In short order, it is revealed that forty-nine of the Danaids killed their husbands as ordered;
Hypermnestra, however, loved her husband Lynceus, and thus spared his life and helped him to
escape. Angered by his daughter's disobedience, Danaus orders her imprisonment and, possibly,
her execution. In the trilogy's climax and dnouement, Lynceus reveals himself to Danaus, and kills
him (thus fulfilling the oracle). He and Hypermnestra will establish a ruling dynasty in Argos. The
other forty-nine Danaids are absolved of their murderous crime, and married off to unspecified
Argive men. The satyr play following this trilogy was titled Amymone, after one of the Danaids.[33]

The Oresteia[edit]
Main article: Oresteia
The only complete (save a few missing lines in several spots) trilogy of Greek plays by any
playwright still extant is the Oresteia (458 BC); although the satyr play that originally followed
it, Proteus, is lost except for some fragments.[26] The trilogy consists of Agamemnon, The Libation
Bearers (Choephoroi), and The Eumenides.[28]Together, these plays tell the bloody story of the family
of Agamemnon, King of Argos.
Agamemnon[edit]
Aeschylus begins in Greece describing the return of King Agamemnon from his victory in the Trojan
War, from the perspective of the towns people (the Chorus) and his wife, Clytemnestra. However,
dark foreshadowings build to the death of the king at the hands of his wife, who was angry at his
sacrifice of their daughterIphigenia, killed so the Gods would stop a storm hindering the Greek fleet
in the war. She was also unhappy at his keeping of the Trojan prophetess Cassandra as a
concubine. Cassandra foretells of the murder of Agamemnon, and of herself, to the assembled
townsfolk, who are horrified. She then enters the palace knowing that she cannot avoid her fate. The
ending of the play includes a prediction of the return of Orestes, son of Agamemnon, who will seek
to avenge his father.[28]
The Libation Bearers[edit]
The Libation Bearers continues the tale, opening with Orestes's arrival at Agamemnon's tomb. At the
tomb, Electra meets Orestes, who has returned from exile inPhocis, and they plan revenge upon
Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus. Clytemnestra's account of a nightmare in which she gives
birth to a snake is recounted by the chorus; and this leads her to order Electra, her daughter, to pour

libations on Agamemnon's tomb (with the assistance of libation bearers) in hope of making amends.
Orestes enters the palace pretending to bear news of his own death, and when Clytemnestra calls in
Aegisthus to share in the news, Orestes kills them both. Orestes is then beset by the Furies, who
avenge the murders of kin in Greek mythology.[28]
The Eumenides[edit]
The final play of The Oresteia addresses the question of Orestes' guilt.[28] The Furies drive Orestes
from Argos and into the wilderness. He makes his way to the temple of Apollo and begs him to drive
the Furies away. Apollo had encouraged Orestes to kill Clytemnestra, and so bears some of the guilt
for the murder. The Furies are a more ancient race of the gods, and Apollo sends Orestes to the
temple of Athena, with Hermes as a guide.[31]
The Furies track him down, and the goddess Athena, patron of Athens, steps in and declares that a
trial is necessary. Apollo argues Orestes' case and, after the judges, including Athena deliver a tie
vote, Athena announces that Orestes is acquitted. She renames the Furies The Eumenides (The
Good-spirited, or Kindly Ones), and extols the importance of reason in the development of laws, and,
as in The Suppliants, the ideals of a democratic Athens are praised.[31]

Prometheus Bound[edit]
Main article: Prometheus Bound
In addition to these six works, a seventh tragedy, Prometheus Bound, is attributed to Aeschylus by
ancient authorities. Since the late 19th century, however, scholars have increasingly doubted this
ascription, largely on stylistic grounds. Its production date is also in dispute, with theories ranging
from the 480s BC to as late as the 410s.[9][34]
The play consists mostly of static dialogue, as throughout the play the Titan Prometheus is bound to
a rock as punishment from the Olympian Zeus for providing fire to humans. The god Hephaestus,
the Titan Oceanus, and the chorus of Oceanids all express sympathy for Prometheus' plight.
Prometheus meets Io, a fellow victim of Zeus' cruelty; and prophesies her future travels, revealing
that one of her descendants will free Prometheus. The play closes with Zeus sending Prometheus
into the abyss because Prometheus refuses to divulge the secret of a potential marriage that could
prove Zeus' downfall.[27]
The Prometheus Bound appears to have been the first play in a trilogy called the Prometheia. In the
second play, Prometheus Unbound, Heracles frees Prometheus from his chains and kills the eagle
that had been sent daily to eat Prometheus' perpetually regenerating liver. Perhaps foreshadowing

his eventual reconciliation with Prometheus, we learn that Zeus has released the other Titans whom
he imprisoned at the conclusion of the Titanomachy.[35]
In the trilogy's conclusion, Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, it appears that the Titan finally warns Zeus
not to sleep with the sea nymph Thetis, for she is fated to give birth to a son greater than the father.
Not wishing to be overthrown, Zeus marries Thetis off to the mortal Peleus; the product of that union
is Achilles, Greek hero of the Trojan War. After reconciling with Prometheus, Zeus probably
inaugurates a festival in his honor at Athens.[35]

Lost plays[edit]
Only the titles and assorted fragments of Aeschylus's other plays have come down to us. We have
enough fragments of some plays (along with comments made by later authors and scholiasts) to
produce rough synopses of their plots.

Myrmidons[edit]
This play was based on books 9 and 16 in Homer's Iliad. Achilles sits in silent indignation over his
humiliation at Agamemnon's hands for most of the play. Envoys from the Greek army attempt to
reconcile him to Agamemnon, but he yields only to his friend Patroclus, who then battles the Trojans
in Achilles' armour. The bravery and death of Patroclus are reported in a messenger's speech, which
is followed by mourning.[13]

Nereids[edit]
This play was based on books 18, 19, and 22 of the Iliad; it follows the Daughters of Nereus, the sea
god, who lament Patroclus' death. In the play, a messenger tells how Achilles, perhaps reconciled to
Agamemnon and the Greeks, slew Hector.[13]

Phrygians, or Hector's Ransom[edit]

In this play, Achilles sits in silent mourning over Patroclus, after a brief discussion with Hermes.
Hermes then brings in King Priam of Troy, who wins over Achilles and ransoms his son's body in a
spectacular coup de thtre. A scale is brought on stage and Hector's body is placed in one scale
and gold in the other. The dynamic dancing of the chorus of Trojans when they enter with Priam is
reported by Aristophanes.[13]

Niobe[edit]

The children of Niobe, the heroine, have been slain by Apollo and Artemis because Niobe had
gloated that she had more children than their mother, Leto. Niobe sits in silent mourning on stage
during most of the play. In the Republic, Plato quotes the line "God plants a fault in mortals when he
wills to destroy a house utterly."[13]
These are the remaining 71 plays ascribed to Aeschylus which are known to us:

Alcmene

Amymone

The Archer-

The Cretan

Memnon

The Priestesses

The Men of

Prometheus the Fire-

Women

Women

Cycnus

The Danaids

Daughters of

Eleusis

The

Bearer

Messengers

The Argivian
Women

Helios

The

Prometheus the FireKindler

Prometheus Unbound

Proteus

Semele, or The

Myrmidons

The Argo,

or The Rowers

Atalanta

Athamas

Attendants of

Daughters of
Phorcys

The

The Mysians

Nemea

The Net-

Water-Bearers

Descendants (of
the Seven)

Draggers

Award of the

Runaway

The Edonians

the Bridal
Chamber

The Nurses

The Egyptians

The Escorts

Orethyia

Glaucus of

Palamedes

Penelope

The Sphinx

Pentheus

The Spirit-Raisers

of Dionysus'

Roller

The Bacchae

Isthmian Games

Pontus

The Bassarae

Glaucus of

The BoneGatherers

The Spectators,
or Athletes of the

Potniae

Sisyphus the Stone-

Arms

Sisyphus the

The Cabeiroi

Hypsipyle

Perrhaibides

Telephus

Iphigenia

Philoctetes

The Thracian Women

Callisto

The Carians,
or Europa

Cercyon
Children of
Hercules

Circe

Ixion

Laius

The Lemnian

Phineus

The
Phrygian

Women

The Lion

Lycurgus

Women

Polydectes

Weighing of Souls

Women of Aetna (two

versions)

Women of Salamis

Xantriae

The Youths

Influence[edit]

Influence on Greek drama and culture[edit]

Mosaic of Orestes, main character in Aeschylus's only surviving trilogy, The Oresteia

When Aeschylus first began writing, the theatre had only just begun to evolve, although earlier
playwrights like Thespishad already expanded the cast to include an actor who was able to interact
with the chorus.[23] Aeschylus added a second actor, allowing for greater dramatic variety, while the
chorus played a less important role.[23] He is sometimes credited with introducing skenographia, or
scene-decoration,[36] though Aristotle gives this distinction to Sophocles. Aeschylus is also said to
have made the costumes more elaborate and dramatic, and having his actors wear platform boots
(cothurni) to make them more visible to the audience. According to a later account of Aeschylus's
life, as they walked on stage in the first performance of the Eumenides, the chorus of Furies were so

frightening in appearance that they caused young children to faint, patriarchs to urinate, and
pregnant women to go into labour.[37]
His plays were written in verse, no violence is performed on stage, and the plays have a remoteness
from daily life in Athens, either by relating stories about the gods or by being set, like The Persians,
in far-away locales.[38] Aeschylus's work has a strong moral and religious emphasis.
[38]

The Oresteia trilogy concentrated on man's position in the cosmos in relation to the gods, divine

law, and divine punishment.[39]

Aeschylus's popularity is evident in the praise the comic playwright Aristophanes gives him in The
Frogs, produced some half-century after Aeschylus's death. Appearing as a character in the play,
Aeschylus claims at line 1022 that his Seven against Thebes "made everyone watching it to love
being warlike"; with his Persians, Aeschylus claims at lines 10267 that he "taught the Athenians to
desire always to defeat their enemies." Aeschylus goes on to say at lines 1039ff. that his plays
inspired the Athenians to be brave and virtuous.

Influence outside of Greek culture[edit]

Aeschylus's works were influential beyond his own time. Hugh Lloyd-Jones (Regius Professor of
Greek Emeritus at Oxford University) draws attention to Richard Wagner's reverence of Aeschylus.
Michael Ewans argues in his Wagner and Aeschylus. The Ring and the Oresteia (London: Faber.
1982) that the influence was so great as to merit a direct character by character comparison
between Wagner's Ring and Aeschylus's Oresteia. A critic of his book however, while not denying
that Wagner read and respected Aeschylus, has described his arguments as unreasonable and
forced.[40]
Sir J. T. Sheppard argues in the second half of his Aeschylus and Sophocles: Their Work and
Influence that Aeschylus, along with Sophocles, have played a major part in the formation of
dramatic literature from the Renaissance to the present, specifically in French and Elizabethan
drama. He also claims that their influence went beyond just drama and applies to literature in
general, citing Milton and the Romantics.[41]
During his presidential campaign in 1968, Senator Robert F. Kennedy quoted the Edith
Hamilton translation of Aeschylus on the night of the assassination of Martin Luther King,
Jr. Kennedy was notified of King's murder before a campaign stop in Indianapolis, Indiana and was
warned not to attend the event due to fears of riotingfrom the mostly African-American crowd.
Kennedy insisted on attending and delivered an impromptu speech that delivered news of King's
death to the crowd.[42]

Acknowledging the audience's emotions, Kennedy referred to his own grief at the murder of his
brother, President John F. Kennedy and, quoting a passage from the play Agamemnon (in
translation), said: "My favorite poet was Aeschylus. And he once wrote: 'Even in our sleep, pain
which cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart, until in our own despair, against our will,
comes wisdom through the awful grace of God.' What we need in the United States is not division;
what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence
and lawlessness; but is love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of
justice toward those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or whether they be
black... Let us dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago: to tame the
savageness of man and make gentle the life of this world." The quotation from Aeschylus was later
inscribed on a memorial at the gravesite of Robert Kennedy following his own assassination. [42]

Bertolt Brecht
Poet
Eugen Bertolt Friedrich Brecht was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director of the 20th
century.Wikipedia
Born: February 10, 1898, Augsburg, Germany
Died: August 14, 1956, East Berlin
Parents: Berthold Friedrich Brecht, Sophie Brecht
Books: Brecht On Theatre, Bertolt Brecht, Antigone, more

Quotes
Unhappy the land that is in need of heroes.
Don't be afraid of death so much as an inadequate life.
Because things are the way they are, things will not stay the way they are.
View 7+ more

Plays
View 30+ more
Mother Courage and Her...
1941
The Threepenny Opera
1938
The Good Person of Szechwan
1953
The Caucasian Chalk Cir...
1948
Life of Galileo
1940

People also search for

Plays and screenplays[edit]

Entries show: English-language translation of title (German-language title) [year written] / [year first
produced][83]

Baal 1918/1923

Drums in the Night (Trommeln in der Nacht) 191820/1922

The Beggar (Der Bettler oder Der tote Hund) 1919/?

A Respectable Wedding (Die Kleinbrgerhochzeit) 1919/1926

Driving Out a Devil (Er treibt einen Teufel aus) 1919/?

Lux in Tenebris 1919/?

The Catch (Der Fischzug) 1919?/?

Mysteries of a Barbershop (Mysterien eines Friseursalons) (screenplay) 1923

In the Jungle of Cities (Im Dickicht der Stdte) 192124/1923

The Life of Edward II of England (Leben Eduards des Zweiten von England) 1924/1924

Downfall of the Egotist Johann Fatzer (Der Untergang des Egoisten Johnann Fatzer)
(fragments) 192630/1974

Man Equals Man also A Man's A Man (Mann ist Mann) 192426/1926

The Elephant Calf (Das Elefantenkalb) 192426/1926

Little Mahagonny (Mahagonny-Songspiel) 1927/1927

The Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper) 1928/1928

The Flight across the Ocean (Der Ozeanflug); originally Lindbergh's Flight(Lindberghflug)
192829/1929

The Baden-Baden Lesson on Consent (Badener Lehrstck vom Einverstndnis) 1929/1929

Happy End (Happy End) 1929/1929

The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny) 1927
29/1930

He Said Yes / He Said No (Der Jasager; Der Neinsager) 192930/1930?

The Decision/The Measures Taken (Die Manahme) 1930/1930

Saint Joan of the Stockyards (Die heilige Johanna der Schlachthfe) 192931/1959

The Exception and the Rule (Die Ausnahme und die Regel) 1930/1938

The Mother (Die Mutter) 193031/1932

Kuhle Wampe (screenplay, with Ernst Ottwalt) 1931/1932

The Seven Deadly Sins (Die sieben Todsnden der Kleinbrger) 1933/1933

Round Heads and Pointed Heads (Die Rundkpfe und die Spitzkpfe) 193134/1936

The Horatians and the Curiatians (Die Horatier und die Kuriatier) 193334/1958

Fear and Misery of the Third Reich (Furcht und Elend des Dritten Reiches) 193538/1938

Seora Carrar's Rifles (Die Gewehre der Frau Carrar) 1937/1937

Life of Galileo (Leben des Galilei) 193739/1943

How Much Is Your Iron? (Was kostet das Eisen?) 1939/1939

Dansen (Dansen) 1939/?

Mother Courage and Her Children (Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder) 193839/1941

The Trial of Lucullus (Das Verhr des Lukullus) 193839/1940

The Judith of Shimoda (Die Judith von Shimoda) 1940

Mr Puntila and his Man Matti (Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti) 1940/1948

The Good Person of Szechwan (Der gute Mensch von Sezuan) 193942/1943

The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (Der aufhaltsame Aufstieg des Arturo Ui) 1941/1958

Hangmen Also Die! (credited as Bert Brecht) (screenplay) 1942/1943

The Visions of Simone Machard (Die Gesichte der Simone Machard ) 194243/1957

The Duchess of Malfi 1943/1943

Schweik in the Second World War (Schweyk im Zweiten Weltkrieg) 194143/1957

The Caucasian Chalk Circle (Der kaukasische Kreidekreis) 194345/1948

Antigone (Die Antigone des Sophokles) 1947/1948

The Days of the Commune (Die Tage der Commune) 194849/1956

The Tutor (Der Hofmeister) 1950/1950

The Condemnation of Lucullus (Die Verurteilung des Lukullus) 193839/1951

Report from Herrnburg (Herrnburger Bericht) 1951/1951

Coriolanus (Coriolan) 195153/1962

The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven, 1431 (Der Prozess der Jeanne D'Arc zu Rouen, 1431)
1952/1952

Turandot (Turandot oder Der Kongre der Weiwscher) 195354/1969

Don Juan (Don Juan) 1952/1954

Trumpets and Drums (Pauken und Trompeten) 1955/1955

Theoretical works[edit]

The Modern Theatre Is the Epic Theatre (1930)

The Threepenny Lawsuit (Der Dreigroschenprozess) (written 1931; published 1932)

The Book of Changes (fragment also known as Me-Ti; written 19351939)

The Street Scene (written 1938; published 1950)

The Popular and the Realistic (written 1938; published 1958)

Short Description of a New Technique of Acting which Produces an Alienation Effect (written
1940; published 1951)

A Short Organum for the Theatre ("Kleines Organon fr das Theater", written 1948;
published 1949)

The Messingkauf Dialogues (Dialogue aus dem Messingkauf, published 1963)

Poetry[edit]
Brecht wrote hundreds of poems throughout his life. [84] He began writing poetry as a young boy, and
his first poems were published in 1914. His poetry was influenced by folk-ballads, French chansons,
and the poetry of Rimbaud and Villon.[citation needed]
Some of Brecht's poems

1940

A Bad Time for Poetry

Alabama Song

Children's Crusade

Children's Hymn

Contemplating Hell

From a German War Primer

Germany

Honored Murderer of the People

How Fortunate the Man with None

Hymn to Communism

I Never Loved You More

I want to Go with the One I Love

I'm Not Saying Anything Against Alexander

In Praise of Illegal Work

In Praise of the Work of the Party

Mack the Knife

My Young Son Asks Me

Not What Was Meant

O Germany, Pale Mother!

On Reading a Recent Greek Poet

On the Critical Attitude

Parting

Questions from a Worker Who Reads

Radio Poem

Reminiscence of Marie A.

Send Me a Leaf

Solidarity Song

The Book Burning (The Burning of the Books)

The Exile of the Poets

The Invincible Inscription

The Mask of Evil

The Sixteen-Year-Old Seamstress Emma Ries before the Magistrate

The Solution

To Be Read in the Morning and at Night

To Posterity

To the Students and Workers of the Peasants' Faculty

To Those Born After

United Front Song

War Has Been Given a Bad Name

What Has Happened?

August Strindberg
Playwright
Johan August Strindberg was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer
who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg's career spanned four
decades, ...Wikipedia
Born: January 22, 1849, Stockholm, Sweden
Died: May 14, 1912, Stockholm, Sweden
Influenced by: Henrik Ibsen, William Shakespeare, more
Books: The Red Room, Inferno, The People of Hems, more
Parents: Eleonora Ulrika Norling, Carl Oscar Strindberg

Plays
View 5+ more
Miss Julie
1888
A Dream Play
The Father
The Dance of Death
1901
The Ghost Sonata
2000

People also search for

Miss Julie
1888
A Dream Play
The Father
The Dance of Death
1901
The Ghost Sonata
2000

Nikolai Gogol
Dramatist

Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol was a Russian dramatist, novelist and short story writer of Ukrainian ethnicity.
Russian and Ukrainian scholars debate whether or not Gogol was of their respective
nationalities. Wikipedia
Born: March 31, 1809, Velyki Sorochyntsi, Ukraine
Died: March 4, 1852, Moscow, Russia
Plays: The Government Inspector, Marriage, Diary of a Madman, The Gamblers
Short stories: The Overcoat, The Portrait, The Nose, Christmas Eve,more

Quotes
It is no use to blame the looking glass if your face is awry.
Countless as the sands of the sea are human passions.
Everywhere across whatever sorrows of which our life is woven, some radiant joy will gaily flash past.
View 4+ more

Books
View 30+ more
Dead Souls
1842
The Overcoat
1842
Taras Bulba
1835
The Nose
1992
Evenings on a Farm Near Dik...
1831

People also search for

Nikolai Gogol bibliography

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A lithograph portrait of Nikolai Gogol published by Vezenberg & Co., St. Petersburg, between 1880 and 1886.

This is a list of the works by Nikolai Gogol (1809-52), followed by a list of adaptations of his works:

Drama[edit]

Decoration of Vladimir of the Third Class, unfinished comedy (1832).[1]

Marriage, comedy (1835, published and premiered 1842).[1]

The Gamblers, comedy (1836, published 1842, premiered 1843).[1]

The Government Inspector, also translated as The Inspector General (1836).[1]

Leaving the Theater, (After the Staging of a New Comedy) (1836)

Essays[edit]

Woman, essay (1830)

Preface, to first volume of Evenings on a Farm (1831)

Preface, to second volume of Evenings on a Farm (1832)

Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends, collection of letters and essays
(1847).[1]

Meditations on the Divine Liturgy

Fiction[edit]

Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, volume I of short story collection (1831):[1]

The Fair at Sorochints

St John's Eve

May Night, or the Drowned Maiden

The Lost Letter: A Tale Told by the Sexton of the N...Church

Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, volume II of short story collection (1832):[1]

Christmas Eve

A Terrible Vengeance

Ivan Fyodorovich Shponka and His Aunt

A Bewitched Place

Arabesques, short story collection (1835):[1]

The Portrait

A Chapter from an Historical Novel (fragment)

Nevsky Prospect

The Prisoner (fragment)

Diary of a Madman

Mirgorod, short story collection in two volumes (1835):[1]

The Old World Landowners

Taras Bulba

Viy

The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich

The Nose, short story (1835-1836)

The Carriage, short story (1836)

Rome, fragment (1842)

The Overcoat, short story (1842)

Dead Souls, novel (1842), intended as the first part of a trilogy.[2]

Fictional periods[edit]
Gogol's short stories composed between 1830 and 1835 are set in the Ukraine, and are sometimes
referenced collectively as his Ukrainian tales.
His short stories composed between 1835 and 1842 are set in Petersburg, and are sometimes
referenced collectively as his St Petersburg tales.

Poetry[edit]

Ode to Italy, poem (1829)

Hanz Kchelgarten, narrative poem published under the pseudonym "V. Alov" (1829)

Adaptations[edit]

Film[edit]

1913: The Night Before Christmas, a 41-minute film by Ladislas Starevich which contains
some of the first combinations of stop motion animation with live action

1926: The Overcoat, a Soviet silent film directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg

1945: The Lost Letter, the Soviet Union's first feature-length traditionally animated film

1949: The Inspector General, a musical comedy and very loose adaptation directed
by Henry Koster and starring Danny Kaye.

1951: The Night Before Christmas, an animated feature film directed by the Brumberg sisters

1952: Il Cappotto, an Italian film directed by Alberto Lattuada

1959: The Overcoat, a Soviet film directed by Aleksey Batalov

1962: Taras Bulba, a Yugoslavian/American film directed by J. Lee Thompson

1963: The Nose, a short film by Alexandre Alexeieff and Claire Parker using pinscreen
animation

1967: Viy, a horror film made on Mosfilm and based on the Nikolai Gogol story of the same
name.

1984: Dead Souls, directed by Mikhail Shveytser

1997: The Night Before Christmas, a 26-minute stop-motion-animated film [1]

20??: The Overcoat, an upcoming film by acclaimed animator Yuriy Norshteyn, being worked
on since 1981
The Portrait - An upcoming English language feature film adaptation[3] [4]

Opera[edit]

1874: Vakula the Smith, an opera by Pyotr Tchaikovsky

1880: May Night, an opera by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

1885: Cherevichki, Tchaikovsky's revision of Vakula the Smith

1906: Zhenitba, an unfinished opera begun in 1868 by Modest Mussorgsky

1917: The Fair at Sorochyntsi, an unfinished opera begun in 1874 by Modest

Mussorgsky and first completed by Csar Cui - many different versions exist

1930: The Nose, a satirical opera by Dmitri Shostakovich

1976: Dead Souls, an opera by Russian nationalist composer Rodion Shchedrin

2011: Gogol, an opera by Russian composer Lera Auerbach commissioned by

Vienna's Theater an der Wien

Radio[edit]

2006: Dead Souls, a BBC radio adaptation