Vibration/ShockControl

Vibration Standards and Monograms

VibrationStandardsandMonograms
AtomicVibrations:1012 Hz;Disp =108 to106
mm.
Microseismsorminortremorsofearthcrust:
0 1 to 1 Hz Hz; Disp =10
0.1to1HzHz;Disp
= 1055 to10
to 1033 mm.
mm
MachineryandBuildingVibrations:10to100
Hz;Disp =0.01to1mm.
Swayingtotallbuilding0.1to5Hz,Disp
Swaying to tall building 0 1 to 5 Hz Disp =10
= 10
to1000mm

Mil STD 810

MilSTD810
DefinetheTestingMethodologyfor,and
q
p
gg
resultsrequiredforacceptanceofrugged
equipment.
Isaseriesofperformanceandmanufacturing
Is a series of performance and manufacturing
guidelinessetbytheUSDODformilitaryand
commercialequipmentandapplications.
l
l

Mil STD 810F

MilSTD810F
Todeterminetheabilitytowithstand
y pp
mechanicalshocksfromsuddenlyapplied
forcesoranabruptchangeinmotion
produced by handing transportation or field
producedbyhanding,transportationorfield
operation.
RandomMechanicalVibration
h
l b

Mil Std 901D

MilStd901D
MIL
MILS901D
S 901D specificationcoversshocktestingrequirements
ifi ti
h k t ti
i
t
forshipboardmachinery,equipment,systems,and
structures,excludingsubmarinepressurehullpenetrations.
Thepurposeoftheserequirementsistoverifytheabilityof
f
f
f
shipboardinstallationstowithstandshockloadingswhich
maybeincurredduringwartimeserviceduetotheeffects
y
g
ofnuclearorconventionalweapons.
Nodegradation;"shockgrade1
Fullyfunctionalbutnonoiseandvibrationrequirement;
F ll f ti
lb t
i
d ib ti
i
t
"shockgrade2
Mustremainsafe;
Must remain safe; "shock
shockgrade3
grade 3
Acousticsignature;"shockgrade4".

Mil STD 901D

MilSTD901D
Testcategories
Lightweight
Mediumweight
d
h
Heavyweight

Shockgrades
Shock grades
GradeA GradeAitemsareitemswhichareessentialtothesafetyand
co t ued co bat capab ty o t e s p.
continuedcombatcapabilityoftheship.
GradeB GradeBitemsareitemswhoseoperationIsnotessentialto
thesafetyandcombatcapabilityoftheshipbutwhichcouldbecomea
hazard to personnel to grade A items or to the ship as a whole as a
hazardtopersonnel,togradeAitems,ortotheshipasawholeasa
resultofexposuretoshock.

901 D
901D
MIL-901D
High Impact Shock
Testing

LWSM
Light Weight Shock
Machine

MWSM
Medium Weight Shock
Machine

FSP,LFSP and IFSP

Heavy Weight Shock Testing
Using the Floating Shock Platforms

Equipment
Class

Shock Grades
Class 1
To meet shock
req. without RM

Grade A
e.g. control and
Command

Grade B

Class 2
Shock req.
With RM

Class 3
To meet shock
Req. of both Class 1
and 2

Type A
Principle unit

Shock test
types

Type B
Subsidiary
component
p

Type C
subassembly

Control of Vibration
ControlofVibration
ControllingNaturalFrequencies
avoidingResonance
g
PreventingExcessiveResponseat
Resonance damping/energy
Resonancedamping/energy
dissipatingmechanisms
Reducingtransmissionofexciting
forces
ReducingResponseofsystem

Control of Natural Frequencies

ControlofNaturalFrequencies
Resonance LargeDisplacement Strain
Failure
Masschange FunctionalRequirement
Stiffness!!!
S iff
!!!

Introduction of Damping
IntroductionofDamping
D
Dampingistheconversionofmechanicalenergy
i i th
i
f
h i l
ofastructureintothermalenergy.
Theamountofenergydissipatedisameasureof
The amount of energy dissipated is a measure of
thestructuresdampinglevel.
Jointsdamping
Joints damping
Welded,Bolted,Rivet
ViscousDamping(ViscosityofFluid)
HysteresisDamping(frictionwithinmaterial)
Hysteresis Damping (friction within material)
CoulombDamping
.

Changeoffn
Automobiles

Viscoelastic Materials
AmplitudeAtResonance

2.6.4

HighlyNonLinearMaterials

DampingTapes

Vibration Isolation
VibrationIsolation

Active
Passive

FoundationorBaseProtection
EquipmentProtection

TypeofDisturbance Vibration Harmonic/Shock Step

ReductionoftheForceTransmittedto
Foundation
SS:

forSmallvalueofDamping
ratioandr>1

Design Chart for Isolation

DesignChartforIsolation

Forlargevaluesofrandlowvaluesofdamping
thetermbecomesverysmallandcanbe
neglected

Isolationofsystemswithrotating
unbalance

Vibration Damper
VibrationDamper
EEngineering
i
i
St t l
Structural
element
l
t
th t
that
attenuates transmission of vibration in a
certain frequency range.
range
The resilient element includes Rubber and
Metal.
Metal
Rubber is securely bonded between the two
metal parts.
parts
Upper Plate is assumed to face the source to
vibration
ib ti and
d lower
l
metal
t l surface
f
secured
d to
t
foundation.

Commercial Damper Selection

CommercialDamperSelection

Shock Isolation
ShockIsolation

Isolation under Shock

IsolationunderShock
Anelectronicinstrumentofmass20kgissubjecttoashockinthe
An
electronic instrument of mass 20 kg is subject to a shock in the
formofastepvelocityof2m/s.Ifthemaximumallowablevalues
ofdeflection(duetoclearancelimit)andaccelerationarespecified
g, p
y,
p g
as20mmand25g,respectively,determinethespringconstantof
anundamped shockisolator.

Vibration Absorber
VibrationAbsorber
Toreducethevibrationof
aprimarydeviceby
addinganabsorbertothe
system
Eliminateunwanted
vibration
Forms2degreeofFreedom
Usedinmachineryat
constantspeed
Applications:
Reciprocatingmachines
R i
ti
hi
Buildingexcitedbyanearthquake
Transmissionlinesortelephonelinesexcited
by wind blowing
bywindblowing

Undamped DynamicVibration
Absorber

Vibrationabsorberisoftenusedwithmachines
runatconstantspeedorsystemswithconst.
excited freq because the combined system
excitedfreq.,becausethecombinedsystem
hasnarrowoperatingbandwidth.

Damped vibration Absorber

DampedvibrationAbsorber

Active Vibration Control

ActiveVibrationControl

Di h
Diaphragm

Accumulator

MR Fluid

Solenoid

Wires to
Electromgnet

Bearing &
Seal

IdealizedFormsofShockExcitations&
VelocityChange