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Review: Concept
Gas diffusivity
Liquid diffusivity
Diffusion + convection
Equimolar Counterdiffusion (EMD)
Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)
Review: Equation
J Az DAB
DAB
NA
ptot 2
cA
dc
( N A N B ) DAB A
c
dz
NA
NA
dcA
dz
J Bz
0
AB
dcB
DBA
dz
BVA0.6
NB
cB
dc
( N A N B ) DBA B
c
dz
[EMD]
( z2 z1 )
( z2 z1 )
RT ( z2 z1 )
AB A1 A2
AB A1
[UMD]
z2 z1
(c cA )lm
( z2 z1 )
(1 xA )lm
RT ( z2 z1 )
( p p A )lm
3
J A kc (cA1 cA2 )
J A kx ( xA1 xA2 )
J A k y ( yA1 y A2 )
J A k p ( pA1 pA2 )
N A k (cA1 cA2 )
DAB
N A k ( y A1 y A2 )
cDAB
N A k ( pA1 pA2 )
DAB
k
RT
N A k (cA1 cA2 )
DAB
N A k ( xA1 xA2 )
cDAB
'
c
'
y
'
G
'
c
'
y
'
G
Liquids:
'
L
'
x
'
L
'
x
N A kc (cA1 cA2 )
cDAB
c
'
kc
kc
(cB )lm
(cB )lm
N A k y ( yA1 yA2 )
cDAB
1
'
ky
ky
( yB )lm
( yB )lm
N A kG ( pA1 pA2 )
pDAB
p
'
kG
kG
RT ( pB )lm
( pB )lm
N A kL (cA1 cA2 )
cDAB
c
'
kL
kL
(cB )lm
(cB )lm
N A kx ( xA1 xA2 )
cDAB
1
'
kx
kx
( xB )lm
( xB )lm
Liquids:
Gases:
Liquids:
cDAB
RT
c
1
'
'
kc
ky
kG' c
RT
RT
(cB )lm
( yB )lm
c( pB )lm
kc
ky
kG
RT
RT
p
cDAB
k c k
'
L
'
L
k x'
MW
k L (cB )lm k x ( xB )lm
Models
Pros
Cons
Molecular Movement
Intuitive
Good for physical
understanding
Detailed theory is
quite complicated
Hard to apply
Ficks Law
Widely accepted
Works well for ideal
systems
Linear Driving-Force
Widely used by
chemical engineers
Weak theoretical
background
May fail where Fickian
model fails
9
10
Henrys Law
"At a constant temperature, the
amount of a given gas that dissolves in
a given type and volume of liquid is
directly proportional to the partial
pressure of that gas in equilibrium with
that liquid.
pB HxB
H H 0 exp(
E
)
RT
p
H
yB B yB
xB H ' xB
ptot
ptot
xB
cB
H
pB cB H ''cB
c
c
yB
H
H cB
H
xB
cB H '''cB
ptot
ptot c
ptot c
12
Two-Film Theory
Gas phase
Liquid phase
Gas phase
pAb
Liquid phase
pAb
pAi
pAi
cAi
cAi
G L
cAb
cAb
cAi f ( pAi )
N A k ( pAb pAi ) k (cAi cAb ) [EMD]
'
G
'
L
Gas phase
Liquid phase
pAb
p Ab p Ai
k
cAb cAi
k
'
L
'
G
pAi
cAi
G L
pA
cAb
pAb
Equilibrium
curve
pAi
cAb
cAi
cA
14
'
cAb cAi
kG
kG (cB )lm p
( pB )lm ( p p A )lm
(c cAi ) (c cAb )
c cAi
ln
c cAb
( p p Ab ) ( p p Ai )
p p Ab
ln
p p Ai
pA
pAb
Equilibrium
curve
pAi
cAb
cAi
cA
15
Vapour A
Gas B
Vapour A equals gas B
Can not be determined
16
17