Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.

Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

CHAPTER 3

HULL GEOMETRY

49

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.1

LINE DESIGN PROCESS

Many methods are available for the initial hull design of a vessel. However, Townsends
method is use for the lines design. No camber is given. V- Shaped hull form is taken without a
bulbous bow and transom immersion. Steps:
1. The optimum position of the LCB for the ships it is first obtained from the C B v/s
(LCB/LBP) chart.
LCB = 0.475 LBP forward of aft-perpendicular.

Fig 3.1 (LCB/LBP) vs. CB

2. The vessel does not have any parallel middle body.
3. The values of CPF and CPA are found , corresponding to the values of LCB/LBP and
CB
CPF = 0.56 and CPA = 0.60
4.
The ratio of sectional area/ Amax is found out corresponding to every station using the
values of CPF and CPA.
5.

The value of CM for the design value of CB is obtained by empirical formula. Now
the area of midship section Amax is calculated using the relation:Amax = CM x B x D
A sectional area curve is drawn and checked for smoothness, volume and position
of LCB.

6. Next the load waterline should be drawn. The angle of entrance is found from the
graph of CB v/s angle of entrance.
angle of entrance = 18.2
Using the body plan half breadth plan is drawn.
A profile is drawn from the body plan and half breadth plan.
Fairing is carried out till the curves are smooth.

50

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.1.1 STEM PROFILE

The vessel is designed with a normal raked bow with a sheer. A sheer of 0.5m is given at the
forward perpendicular.

3.1.2 STERN PROFILE

Fishing vessels have a characteristic large overhanging stern profile. The preferable profile is
a transom stern as it provides large deck areas aftward suitable for carrying fishing and
hauling operations. The transom in fishing vessels is fitted with large gallows and has a stern
ramp for slipping the trawl net into the sea.
For fishing trawlers the stern overhang is quite different, that means the difference between
the length in the waterline LWL and the length between perpendiculars LBP can differ from 2
% to 12 % (from bigger to smaller trawlers).

3.1.3 FINAL LINES DESIGN

The final lines are generated from the preliminary body plan offsets. The points are plotted on
sheet and faired get a body plan. Half breadth plan is generated from the body plan. The
buttocks are generated. The points are changed suitably so that they are coherent in all the
three views and are smooth in appearance. Special care is taken to negate any double
curvature of any sorts as it will lead to constructional difficulties.

51

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.1.4 FINAL OFFSET TABLE (all dimensions in m)

Station spacing: 1.3525 m
WL/STN
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18.5
19
19.5
20

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Waterline spacing: 0.5m

0.5

1.5

0.042
0.1603
0.3688
0.6961
1.2514
1.927
2.5342
2.9328
3.0203
2.8266
2.4774
1.9993
1.4801
0.9909
0.5969
0.3111
0.1087

0.0736
0.2828
0.6447
1.161
1.8343
2.5186
3.0635
3.4069
3.4843
3.3041
2.9299
2.4695
1.9544
1.4286
0.9344
0.521
0.2063
0.0841

0.1145
0.4247
0.9288
1.5814
2.2836
2.9049
3.3549
3.6242
3.6823
3.5244
3.203
2.778
2.2753
1.7341
1.2024
0.7128
0.3252
0.1601

0.1735
0.6205
1.2369
1.975
2.6568
3.1924
3.5447
3.7327
3.7684
3.6477
3.3867
3.0098
2.5278
1.9798
1.4186
0.8933
0.448
0.2498
0.0547

0.142
0.5322
1.2878
2.0146
2.6954
3.207
3.5467
3.7221
3.79
3.79
3.7551
3.6026
3.3267
2.9016
2.375
1.8071
1.2367
0.7027
0.4521
0.2124

52

4
0.5448
0.8363
1.1342
1.4329
1.7368
2.3312
2.8471
3.2557
3.5421
3.7135
3.7772
3.79
3.79
3.7826
3.7071
3.5183
3.1674
2.698
2.1613
1.5841
1.0096
0.7279
0.4458
0.1609

5
1.6839
1.9145
2.1335
2.3505
2.5647
2.9702
3.3042
3.5449
3.6836
3.7611
3.7874
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.7552
3.6496
3.3639
2.9706
2.4893
1.9405
1.364
1.0664
0.769
0.4623
0.1357

LWL
2.381
2.5606
2.7306
2.8982
3.0505
3.3397
3.5604
3.6993
3.7492
3.7816
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.7804
3.7096
3.5182
3.2086
2.7977
2.2997
1.7421
1.4448
1.1292
0.8195
0.4938

6
2.4034
2.5813
2.7497
2.9097
3.0657
3.351
3.5681
3.7034
3.756
3.7834
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.7811
3.7122
3.5241
3.2185
2.8111
2.3158
1.7596
1.4624
1.1541
0.8359
0.5114

7
2.8007
2.9498
3.0889
3.2171
3.3378
3.5434
3.6901
3.7652
3.7812
3.7889
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.7593
3.6545
3.4464
3.1306
2.7087
2.1962
1.9067
1.5969
1.2734
0.94

8
2.9829
3.1251
3.2541
3.3681
3.4703
3.6359
3.7425
3.7844
3.7891
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.7858
3.7579
3.6619
3.4532
3.1227
2.677
2.4079
2.1061
1.7911
1.4558

MDK
3.0021
3.1431
3.2729
3.3861
3.487
3.6483
3.7425
3.7844
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.7805
3.7226
3.5482
3.2483
2.8221
2.5662
2.276
1.9602
1.6238

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.1.5 KEEL HEIGHT

Station
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
16
17
18
18.5
19
19.5
20

Keel height(m)
1.8275
1.744
1.5249
1.4019
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.2591
0.8956
1.5811
2.4352

Table 3.1 Keel Height

3.2. BONJEANS AND HYDROSTATIC CURVES

3.2.1 BONJEAN CURVES
Bonjean Curves are curves of immersed cross sectional areas and the first moments of these
areas about base line are plotted against draft for each transverse section. They are drawn on
the ship profile and are used for finding the longitudinal distribution of buoyancy. Having the
areas for all the sections, the underwater volume and its vertical moments, LCB and VCB can
be calculated.

3.2.2 HYDROSTATIC CURVES

The hydrostatic particulars to be calculated are given below:
i.

Transverse moment of Inertia (IT)

ii.

Longitudinal moment of Inertia (IL)

iii.

Longitudinal centre of floatation from midship (LCF)

iv.

Volume Displacement (moulded) (mld)

v.

Mass Displacement (extreme) (ext)

vi.

Longitudinal centre of buoyancy from midship (LCB)

vii.

Vertical centre of buoyancy (KB)

53

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

viii.

Longitudinal metacentric height (BML)

ix.

Transverse height of metacentre (KMT)

x.

Tonnes per centimetre immersion (TPC)

xi.

Moment to change trim by 1 cm (MCT1cm)

xii.

Block Coefficient (CB)

xiii.

Midship area Coefficient (CM)

xiv.

Waterplane area Coefficient (CW)

xv.

Prismatic Coefficient (CP)

All these curves are drawn for different drafts so that it will be possible to find out any of the
above parameters at any loaded condition of ship.
The uses of these curves can be enumerated as follows:
i.

Analyse the effects of damage caused by accidents on stability and trim.

ii.

Establish ship safety, stability, trim and take corrective measures.

54

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.2.3 BONJEAN AREAS

Station spacing: 1.3525 m
WL/STN
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18.5
19
19.5
20

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.5
0
0
0
0
0.0105
0.040075
0.0922
0.174025
0.31285
0.48175
0.63355
0.7332
0.755075
0.70665
0.61935
0.499825
0.370025
0.247725
0.149225
0.077775
0.027175
0
0
0
0

Waterline spacing: 0.5m

1

1.5

0
0
0
0
0.040267
0.154
0.353317
0.657567
1.139983
1.704433
2.20005
2.523017
2.59425
2.435083
2.139917
1.74445
1.312467
0.8987
0.553667
0.294233
0.10685
0.02026
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0.085783
0.326383
0.744692
1.3454
2.1758
3.068542
3.813117
4.289858
4.395225
4.150292
3.680592
3.062717
2.375592
1.694358
1.092183
0.603625
0.2394
0.080168
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0.157783
0.587683
1.286117
2.2345
3.4109
4.592867
5.538017
6.129083
6.2579
5.943317
5.328017
4.509667
3.576367
2.622833
1.747433
1.00515
0.4327
0.182643
0.005711
0
0

0
0
0
0.01393
0.346467
1.440033
2.860317
4.563967
6.352917
7.97595
9.18515
9.899983
10.0407
9.655917
8.834183
7.70105
6.3031
4.806717
3.361767
2.06725
0.999867
0.520776
0.129844
0
0

4
0.093978
0.214093
0.538858
0.80138
1.50415
3.28865
5.333583
7.571933
9.7532
11.62377
12.94145
13.68998
13.8307
13.42688
12.49608
11.1213
9.343567
7.348767
5.3502
3.479883
1.8555
1.111343
0.455744
0.067401
0

55

5
1.208328
1.589493
2.172708
2.755297
3.6945
5.967633
8.429383
10.985
13.37258
15.36322
16.72458
17.47998
17.6207
17.21442
16.22958
14.71755
12.6148
10.18592
7.675633
5.23845
3.0349
1.997476
1.051377
0.379001
0.008793

LWL
3.118831
3.69279
4.458835
5.222186
6.333644
8.933286
11.65575
14.38977
16.866
18.90829
20.28596
21.04258
21.1833
20.77702
19.77132
18.17637
15.84939
13.09014
10.16052
7.231344
4.494767
3.17774
1.943531
0.981447
0.304658

6
3.321911
3.905959
4.678158
5.382914
6.524583
9.142983
11.87758
14.61817
17.09737
19.13753
20.51372
21.26998
21.4107
21.00442
19.99908
18.3976
16.05927
13.28173
10.32673
7.367183
4.597233
3.26331
2.014377
1.016068
0.332343

7
6.797711
7.581257
8.540238
8.446314
9.7496
12.60683
15.51828
18.35957
20.86885
22.92442
24.30372
25.05998
25.2007
24.79442
23.78612
22.13678
19.65307
16.61625
13.29707
9.875917
6.567767
4.938376
3.378811
2.582533
1.049227

8
8.851611
9.741159
10.79796
11.76498
13.15365
16.19648
19.23458
22.13437
24.654
26.71387
28.09372
28.84998
28.9907
28.58442
27.57612
25.90933
23.35927
20.1704
16.58897
12.79162
9.004367
7.095676
5.230311
3.589601
2.247127

MDK
9.689511
10.61871
11.71174
12.71057
14.12767
17.21627
20.28248
23.194
25.71495
27.77507
29.15492
29.91118
30.0519
29.64562
28.63732
26.96936
24.41148
21.19573
17.55586
13.66597
9.753927
7.79205
5.843805
4.114783
2.678271

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.2.4 BONJEAN MOMENTS

Station spacing: 1.3525 m
WL/STN
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18.5
19
19.5
20

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.5
0
0
0
0
0.002625
0.010019
0.02305
0.043506
0.078213
0.120438
0.158388
0.1833
0.188769
0.176663
0.154838
0.124956
0.092506
0.061931
0.037306
0.019444
0.006794
0
0
0
0

Waterline spacing: 0.5m

1

1.5

0
0
0
0
0.013133
0.050283
0.115192
0.212767
0.361425
0.53105
0.677658
0.772708
0.793742
0.746442
0.657058
0.539008
0.40955
0.2842
0.17735
0.095267
0.035308
0.01013
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0.04059
0.15486
0.356092
0.639121
1.006508
1.382681
1.685965
1.878121
1.920785
1.819183
1.619929
1.362108
1.072798
0.780173
0.51275
0.286992
0.116792
0.046353
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0.105433
0.389617
0.839467
1.429383
2.098883
2.72545
3.201183
3.490833
3.553317
3.391933
3.067167
2.635433
2.131367
1.600267
1.09285
0.643967
0.289767
0.138822
0.005711
0
0

0
0
0
0.020895
0.31655
1.445233
2.811008
4.357417
5.79055
6.963908
7.7678
8.209233
8.283617
8.039517
7.459467
6.650858
5.551575
4.3293
3.097683
1.945642
0.959833
0.513697
0.112119
0
0

4
0.187956
0.428186
1.077717
1.560295
2.385533
4.726183
7.179033
9.648983
11.75988
13.35865
14.34508
14.84173
14.91612
14.63977
13.87267
12.63763
10.88877
8.808867
6.620783
4.4712
2.517567
1.611555
0.745944
0.134802
0

56

5
2.837631
3.657611
4.878792
5.871712
7.351367
10.78083
14.16408
17.34107
19.90932
21.77418
22.85755
23.36923
23.44362
23.16233
22.2757
20.73768
18.25203
15.18697
11.83912
8.405342
5.140117
3.56948
2.047952
0.873577
0.021983

LWL
8.139851
9.48149
11.1973
12.67915
14.62308
18.93271
23.01647
26.67018
29.47105
31.4722
32.59821
33.11294
33.18733
32.90604
31.96512
30.20419
27.11566
23.15631
18.66935
13.89558
9.174614
6.839296
4.527778
2.56072
0.870726

6
8.567556
9.948686
11.69522
13.26026
15.1581
19.53198
23.6592
27.33918
30.15595
32.15472
33.27788
33.79173
33.86612
33.58483
32.6425
30.8607
27.73747
23.72803
19.17042
14.3114
9.4969
7.113888
4.760577
2.618969
0.958708

7
20.56151
22.62197
25.00408
23.25474
25.64552
30.79397
35.49509
39.50148
42.41438
44.46241
45.59538
46.10923
46.18362
45.90233
44.9511
43.01366
39.41526
34.55727
28.8103
22.44578
15.87742
12.53223
9.168236
8.114033
3.277333

8
28.01809
30.46252
33.19858
35.6739
38.42727
44.26672
49.43777
53.65938
56.60968
58.67298
59.80788
60.32173
60.39612
60.11483
59.1636
57.16403
53.32643
47.91227
41.19525
33.4314
25.07477
20.68475
16.17501
11.78554
7.833933

MDK
31.42853
34.03432
36.91785
39.52261
42.3917
48.41738
53.70272
57.97209
60.92774
62.99207
64.12697
64.64082
64.7152
64.43392
63.48268
61.47833
57.60894
52.08537
45.13052
36.99003
28.12548
23.52055
18.6736
13.92468
9.590336

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.2.5 HYDROSTATIC PROPERTIES

BML

KMT

MCT1cm

Cw

Cb

Cp

Cm

0.5

130.463

14.58601753

0.398315

0.464453

0.232227

0.464407

0.50005

55.10335

7.426277885

0.59182

0.507282

0.349725

0.469131

0.745474

1.5

39.48745

5.724114946

0.755765

0.544837

0.389036

0.488594

0.796236

32.08194

4.847713783

0.915506

0.583108

0.421809

0.50688

0.832168

25.64985

3.986427425

1.276326

0.65086

0.470899

0.533242

0.883087

26.72975

3.703509193

1.997432

0.67193

0.464466

0.509107

0.912315

25.49499

3.627717325

2.636842

0.737329

0.504491

0.542549

0.929852

LWL

23.58485

3.660071748

3.136365

0.779483

0.536186

0.569833

0.940953

23.37758

3.658364268

3.15593

0.781595

0.538498

0.571931

0.941544

21.12898

3.735156841

3.581697

0.809485

0.568965

0.598977

0.949894

19.36038

3.854269374

3.954434

0.829747

0.588872

0.615873

0.956158

MDK

18.90177

3.895753136

4.053629

0.835064

0.594607

0.620908

0.95764

57

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

Lcf

LCB

TPC

IL

IT

KB

0.5

8.009127

8.258612

0.298842

0.298842

0.656748

1050.617

116.0748

0.093208

28.17457

29.05221

0.267759

0.293564

0.837786

1558.373

200.4843

0.310488

1.5

50.20805

51.77203

0.221884

0.273958

0.960977

1987.203

264.904

0.44799

74.85935

77.19122

0.162064

0.2459

1.060725

2404.351

318.6825

0.59063

130.5336

134.5997

-0.06895

0.186769

1.232862

3348.739

406.5797

0.871676

196.03

202.1363

-0.78603

-0.01874

1.453404

5327.441

496.737

1.169524

271.3156

279.767

-1.11173

-0.00879

1.6258

7113.226

585.3871

1.47013

LWL

348.8502

359.7168

-1.13673

-0.02445

1.75024

8448.222

665.1847

1.75328

354.1385

365.1699

-1.13202

-0.02743

1.754982

8498.313

668.4758

1.770753

444.6883

458.5403

-0.96352

-0.05445

1.852826

9563.626

737.8953

2.075803

535.8162

552.5069

-0.68596

-0.07284

1.93466

10462.42

800.6388

2.360028

MDK

562.5833

580.1078

-0.58667

-0.07947

1.956142

10699.51

818.2614

2.441282

Table 3.2 Hydrostatics parameters

58

Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.Tech (NA&SB), Batch XXXIII

3.2.6 HYDROSTATIC PROPERTIES FOR LWL

The hydrostatic properties for load water line are:
i.

LCF

1.136 m Aft of Midship

ii.

LCB

0.024 m Aft of Midship

iii.

IT

665.18 m4

iv.

IL

8448.22m4

v.

348.85 m3

vi.

359.71 t

vii.

BML

23.58 m

viii.

KB

1.75 m

ix.

KMT

3.66 m

x.

TPC

1.75 t cm-1

xi.

MCT 1cm =

3.13 m cm-1

xii.

CW

0.77

xiii.

CB

0.53

xiv.

CM

0.94

xv.

CP

0.56

59