Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Highway Maintenance - Maintenance is the preservation and the keeping of each type
of roadway, roadside, structures, and facilities as nearly as possible in its original
condition as constructed or as subsequently improved the operation of highway facilities
and services to provide satisfactory and safe transportation.
Primary Objectives
1. Construction of new facilities and reconstruction of existing structures for the aim
of keeping up with the traffic demands.
2. Maintenance has its own role: by giving priority to local, rural and urban facilities
particularly the paving and rehabilitation after the construction has been
completed.
3. Maintenance is focused on the do-betterment projects. It includes grading and
paving for short alignment changes to correct steep grades or sharp curves, resurfacing and mulching, planting, flood and erosion control.
Inter relation between Design, Construction Methods, and Maintenance
1. Maintenance absorb the end result of efficiency or inefficiency of design and
construction be it either by act of commission or omission.
2. Poor drainage design will mean erosion or deposition of materials that requires
costly clean-up operations.
3. Sharp ditches and steep slopes requires manual labor maintenance which is very
costly as compared to flat ditches and slopes which allows equipment to work at
a lower cost.
4. Narrow road lanes usually force the large and heavy vehicles to travel with one
set of wheels near the edge or off the pavement giving the maintenance
personnel a serious problem in the care of pavement edge and shoulders.
5. Maintenance cost is the result from poor design or construction methods.
Categories of Maintenance
Surface Maintenance
Bridge Maintenance
Traffic Service
1. Sufficiency Ratings
2. Accident Data
3. Skid Tests
4. Maintenance Reports
5. Public Suggestions
Pavement Rehabilitation
-
A) Resurfacing
-
Pavement Maintenance
Overlays
1. Surface Recycling
-Consist of reworking about the top surface of asphalt
pavement which is the most common. It is applied for the
treatment of raveling, wheel truck rutting, flushing and
corrugations. The work includes the use of heater-planer,
heater scarifier, cold planers and cold milling. The
disadvantages of their use are the presence of noise, heat
and air pollution.
For Surfacing, it is heated and then blended with new asphalt cement or recycling
agents and sometimes with new aggregates.
Disadvantages:
Mixture with maximum size aggregates greater than 1 inch cannot be treated
with some equipment.
B. In-Place Recycling
Advantages:
Traffic disruption
Cost
Disadvantages:
For surface treatments and low type bituminous pavement, maintenance could
be: patching, seal coating, remixing and relaying.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE DISTRESS
Any indication of unfavourable pavement performance or
signs in impending failure or any unsatisfactory performance of
a pavement short failure.
Types of Distress:
A. Fracture - which is associated with load and non-load cracking
B. Distortion - which is a permanent deformation of faulting
C. Disintegration - such as spalling, ravelling and other failure of the pavement
Fracture
SURFACE DEFLECTION
Distortion
Disintegration
Measurement of the changes in pavement surface level between the loaded and
unloaded segments are the basis for rehabilitation design strategies. The design
strategy is to determine the structural adequacy or the ability of the pavement to resist
traffic load without developing undesirable distress.
SURFACE FRICTION OR SKID RESISTANCE
Determined from gathered data identifying a pavement section having a low coefficient
of friction. There are equipment available to determine the skid number. It is measured
using a locked wheel trailer (ASTM Method E 274) or by the use of Yaw mode trailer
where the wheels are skewed in accordance with the direction of the travel.
EVALUATION OF THE PAVEMENT
Maintenance decisions are based from pavement condition data done on project to
project basis. From these data, it is determined which project calls for maintenance or
rehabilitation including the decision required to correct pavement deficiencies. Decisions
made on a yearly basis.
Considering the increase in length of the roadways, management on the basis
of field observation alone is becoming difficult, hence, an objective method of evaluation
was introduced such as:
1. Prioritization which project needs immediate maintenance or rehabilitation.
2. The type and kind of maintenance or rehabilitation required.
3. What strategy of maintenance or rehabilitation would be adopted now and in
the future to minimize life costs or maximize the net benefits?