Who Comes To Equity Must Do Equity

Q. Who comes to equity must do equity. (1999, 2000, 2005)

1. Introduction:
Any one seeking assistance of a court of equity must, as a conduction to
obtaining relief, do justice as to the matters in which the role of the court is
sought for. if anyone is willing to have the justice of equity then he should
always be ready to return equity to others.

2. Meaning:
It means that to obtain an equitable relief the plaintiff must himself be
prepared to do equity.

According to W. Smith
He who seeks equity, must do equity in the transaction in respect of which
relief is sought; for rule does not reach so far as to affect any other
transaction than in respect of which the relief is sought.

3. Purpose:
The purpose of this maxim is to prevent multiplicity of legal proceedings.

4. Application:
This maxim has application on the following cases.

I. Illegal loans:
If anyone has taken illegal loan he must payback the loan before relief is
given in favour of him.

II. Doctrine of election:

If a doner give his own property to E and in the same instrument property to
give E's property to N. E will be unable to claim the whole of the gift to him
unless he allows the gift to x to take effect. this is called doctrine of election.

According to Snell
Equity fastens on the conscience of a person who is put to election and refuse
to allow him to take the benefit of a disposition contained in the will, the
validity of which is not in question, except on certain conditions.

III. Consolidation:

If a person who has become entitled to two mortgages and refuses to permit
the exercise of the equitable right to redeem one mortgage without the other.

IV. Notice to redeem mortgage:

A mortgagor who wants to exercise his equitable right to redeem his
mortgage in order to do so he must give a reasonable notice to the mortgage.

V. Equitable lien:
If a knowingly allows B to improve A's property in the belief that it is his wife's
own property A may be prevented from recovering his property without
payment of C's expenditure.

VI. Wife's equity to a settlement:

Law of equity recognize the wife's equity to a settlement right to a separate
estate in certain circumstances and her right to deatch that property.

VII. Mortgage by deposit of title deeds:

If a borrower deposits his title deeds a security for loan, he must repay the
money before he can get back the deeds.

VIII. Rectification and cancellation:

When an instrument is sought to be set aside on the ground of mistake,
fraud, relief is granted only on condition of the plaintiff refunding what he
received under the transaction and doing justice to the defendant. so the
benefits are restituted on cancellation of transaction.

5. Exceptions:
Following are exceptions to this doctrine.

I. State legislature:
It can not apply against state legislature.

II. Acts of parliament:

It can not apply against the acts of parliament.

III. Contrary to law:

Where a act is contrary to law. it has no application.

IV. Statutory prohibition:

Where there is statutory prohibition it cannot apply.

V. Matter of government policies:

It cannot apply against the matters of government policies.

VI. Factor of fraud:

If there is factor of fraud in a case, it will not apply.

6. Conclusion:
To conclude I can say that the court of equity being a court of conscience has
to look not a only the benefits of the plaintiff but also to the interest of the
defendant and grant relief to the plaintiff only on the condition that he is
prepared to give to the defendant what the latter deserves. the basis of the
doctrine is the interposition of equity.