Cambridge International A Level Physics

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOC questions

Chapter 22

3p

8 a
Using p = 13 <c2>, we have <c2> = [1]
5

31.0110

= 0.179 = 1.69106m2s2[1]
so average speed = 1.69106 = 1350ms1[1]
b This is considerably faster than air molecules
at the same pressure because the He atoms
have a much smaller mass, so greater speed
needed for same energy.
[1]

23

1 a i 6.0210 [1]
ii Chlorine is diatomic, so 12.01023[1]
iii 1000NA = 6.021026[1]
b i 4NA = 24.11023[1]
ii One C atom per molecule, so 24.11023[1]
iii Two O atoms per molecule, so 48.21023[1]
2 a
1mol = 197g

[1]

so 1000g = 1000
197 mol = 5.08mol 5.1mol

[1]

b number of atoms = 5.08NA

= 3.061024 3.11024[1]
mass of bar
c mass of atom = number
of atoms in bar
= 3.271022g 3.31022g [1]
p1V1

3 a
Pressure p2 = V [1] 10

2
5

10 140

= 42 = 3.4105Pa
[1]
b The temperature of the gas would increase,
causing pressure to be higher than in a.[1]
p1V1

4 V2 = p [1]
2
350.42

= 10 [1]
= 1.47 1.5cm3[1]
assumes that the temperature at 25m depth
is equal to the temperature at the surface of
the water
[1]
5 a
Using pV = nRT, we have
pV

4.810 0.040

n = RT = 8.31293 [1]
= 7.89mol 7.9mol
[1] 11

b Using pV = nRT, we have
pV

4.810 0.040

n = RT = 8.31293
= 347g 350g

[1]
[1]

6 Using pV = nRT, we have

[1]

nRT 18.31273
V = p = 1.01105 = 22.4dm3[1]
NkT
7 Using pV = NkT, we have p = V so[1]
26
23
3.010 1.3810 400

[1]
p =
0.200

= 8.31106Pa

[1]

9 a i Average KE per molecule at 27C = 2kT [1]

= 1.51.381023300
[1]
=6.21021J
[1]
20
[1]
ii Average KE at 243C = 1.0710 J
1.07
[1]
b Ratio of energies = 0.62 = 1.72
Ratio of speeds = (ratio of energies)
= 1.31:1
[1]
or (ratio of temperatures) = 1.31:1

a The molecules hit the wall / rebound from
the wall.
[1]
Each impact causes a small force / impulse
on the wall.
[1]
Molecules are in random motion / many
impacts smear force over whole wall.
[1]
b pV = nRT 5
[1]
3.4210 1.50
n = 8.31276 
[1]
= 224mol
[1]
c i Using pV = nRT
p = 2248.31315
[1]
1.50
5
[1]
= 3.9110 Pa
3
23
3
ii E = 2kT = 2 1.3810 (315276) [1]
[1]
E = 8.011022J

a Random zigzag movement of large particle
(e.g. smoke, pollen, dust)
[1]
Air / water molecules collide with bigger
particles.[1]
Each collision gives the larger particle an
impulse in a different direction.
[1]
2
1
b p = 3 <c >[1]
5
[1]
<c2> = 31.0310
1.21
5

= 2.5510 (m2s2)[1]
r.m.s. speed = 505ms1[1]
c i Speed will increase.
[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014

Cambridge International A Level Physics

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Temperature is a measure of the average

kinetic energy of the molecules.
[1]
ii Speed will be unchanged.
[1]
12

a An ideal gas is a gas that obeys the ideal gas
law
at all temperatures
[1]
and pressures.
[1]
b i 125 (mol)
[1]
23
25
ii 1256.0210 = 7.5310 (molecules) [1]
c pV = nRT
[1]
V =

1258.31300
[1]
5
510

= 0.62m3[1]
d i The helium does work on the atmosphere.
[1]
Energy is taken from the helium.
[1]
ii The average speed drops.
[1]
13

a 4410N
b i Mass = 3690kg
ii 1.27105mol
c To achieve lift, a minimum of 450kg of air
must leave the balloon.
Maximum mass of remaining air
= 3690450 = 3240kg
3240

d Remaining air = 29103 = 1.12105mol

pV = nRT
5

1.0310 3000

T = 1.121058.31 
= 332K (59C)

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014