Curve of Parametric Equation

The parametric equations of a plane curve are defined by x=et and y=t2-1 at
the range -2 t 2.
The following is the tabulation of t, x, and y.
t
-2.00
-1.80
-1.60
-1.40
-1.20
-1.00
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00

x
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.37
0.45
0.55
0.67
0.82
1.00
1.22
1.49
1.82
2.23
2.72
3.32
4.06
4.95
6.05
7.39

y
3.00
2.24
1.56
0.96
0.44
0.00
-0.36
-0.64
-0.84
-0.96
-1.00
-0.96
-0.84
-0.64
-0.36
0.00
0.44
0.96
1.56
2.24
3.00

The following is the plotted plane curve

Noted that x-axis plotted with the scale of 1.0 unit and y-axis plotted with the
scale of 0.5 unit

Curve of parametric equation

x=et , y=t2-1 , -2 t 2
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5

The position of two particles

Let x1 and y1 represent the position of first particle and x2 and y2 represent
the position of second particle.
The position of first particle at time t is x1=2 sin t and y1=3 cos t while the
position of second particle at time t is x2=cos t -2 and y2=1+ sin t where
both particles are move within 0 t 2
The following is the tabulation of x1 , y1, x2, y2 at certain t
t
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60
3.80
4.00
4.20
4.40
4.60
4.80
5.00
5.20
5.40
5.60
5.80
6.00
6.20

x1
0.00
0.40
0.78
1.13
1.43
1.68
1.86
1.97
2.00
1.95
1.82
1.62
1.35
1.03
0.67
0.28
-0.10
-0.50
-0.90
-1.20
-1.50
-1.70
-1.90
-2.00
-2.00
-1.90
-1.80
-1.50
-1.30
-0.90
-0.60
-0.20

y1
3.00
2.94
2.76
2.48
2.09
1.62
1.09
0.51
-0.10
-0.70
-1.20
-1.80
-2.20
-2.60
-2.80
-3.00
-3.00
-2.90
-2.70
-2.40
-2.00
-1.50
-0.90
-0.30
0.26
0.85
1.41
1.90
2.33
2.66
2.88
2.99

x2
-1.00
-1.02
-1.08
-1.17
-1.30
-1.46
-1.64
-1.83
-2.03
-2.23
-2.42
-2.59
-2.74
-2.86
-2.94
-2.99
-3.00
-2.97
-2.90
-2.79
-2.65
-2.49
-2.31
-2.11
-1.91
-1.72
-1.53
-1.37
-1.22
-1.11
-1.04
-1.00

Y2
1.00
1.20
1.39
1.56
1.72
1.84
1.93
1.99
2.00
1.97
1.91
1.81
1.68
1.52
1.33
1.14
0.94
0.74
0.56
0.39
0.24
0.13
0.05
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.12
0.23
0.37
0.54
0.72
0.92

6.40

0.23

2.98

-1.01

1.12

The following show the paths of the particles on the same coordinate axes
according the tabulation above
The curve in blue is x1=2 sin t and y1=3 cos t and the curve in red is x2=cos
t -2 and y2=1+ sin t.
Noted that x-axis plotted with the scale of 1.0 unit and y-axis plotted with the
scale of 1.0 unit
4
3
2
1

-4

-3

x1=2sint , y1=3cost
-2
-1

0
0

x2=cost-2 , y2=1+sint
1
2

-1
-2
-3
-4

Based on the graph above, noted that the paths of the two particles have
two intersection points which are
Intersection point 1: x=-2.00, y=0.00
Intersection point 2: x=-1.46, y=1.84

Based on first tabulation on above, the particles may collide between t=4.6
and t=4.8 because the data is very close at that time. Hence , an
investigation were done .
After investigation ,notice that the particles will collide at the point t=3/2.
The following table show the data of investigation so that the collide point
can be found
In the range 0 t 2 where =22/7 or can be said is in the range 0 t
6.286
t in term of
0
/4
/3
/2
2/3
3/4

4/3
3/2
2

t
0.000
0.786
1.048
1.571
2.095
2.357
3.143
4.190
4.714
6.286

x1
0.00
1.41
1.73
2.00
1.73
1.41
-0.00
-1.73
-2.00
0.01

y1
3.00
2.12
1.50
-0.00
-1.50
-2.12
-3.00
-1.50
0.00
3.00

x2
-1.00
-1.29
-1.50
-2.00
-2.50
-2.71
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.00

Y2
1.00
1.71
1.87
2.00
1.87
1.71
1.00
0.13
0.00
1.00

X1 is same with X2 and Y1 is same with Y2 at t=3/2 .

Hence particles collide at that time .
The following show the detail of the complete tabulation data of both
particles
t
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20

x1
0.00
0.40
0.78
1.13
1.43
1.68
1.86
1.97
2.00
1.95
1.82
1.62

y1
3.00
2.94
2.76
2.48
2.09
1.62
1.09
0.51
-0.09
-0.68
-1.25
-1.77

x2
-1.00
-1.02
-1.08
-1.17
-1.30
-1.46
-1.64
-1.83
-2.03
-2.23
-2.42
-2.59

Y2
1.00
1.20
1.39
1.56
1.72
1.84
1.93
1.99
2.00
1.97
1.91
1.81

2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60
3.80
4.00
4.20
4.40
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.714285714
4.72
4.73
4.74
4.75
4.76
4.77
4.78
4.79
4.80
5.00
5.20
5.40
5.60
5.80
6.00
6.20
6.40

1.35
1.03
0.67
0.28
-0.10
-0.50
-0.90
-1.20
-1.50
-1.70
-1.90
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-2.00
-1.90
-1.80
-1.50
-1.30
-0.90
-0.60
-0.20
0.23

-2.21
-2.57
-2.83
-2.97
-2.99
-2.90
-2.69
-2.37
-1.96
-1.47
-0.92
-0.34
-0.31
-0.28
-0.25
-0.22
-0.19
-0.13
-0.10
-0.07
-0.04
-0.01
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.85
1.41
1.90
2.33
2.66
2.88
2.99
2.98

-2.74
-2.86
-2.94
-2.99
-3.00
-2.97
-2.90
-2.79
-2.65
-2.49
-2.31
-2.11
-2.10
-2.09
-2.08
-2.07
-2.06
-2.04
-2.03
-2.02
-2.01
-2.00
-2.00
-1.99
-1.98
-1.97
-1.96
-1.95
-1.94
-1.93
-1.92
-1.91
-1.72
-1.53
-1.37
-1.22
-1.11
-1.04
-1.00
-1.01

1.68
1.52
1.33
1.14
0.94
0.74
0.56
0.39
0.24
0.13
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.12
0.23
0.37
0.54
0.72
0.92
1.12

From the calculation , it is shown that the particles collide at t=3/2.

The particles collide at only one point , ( x , y ) which is ( -2.00 , 0.00 ) .

The set of Parametric Equation

There are three sets of parametric equation for the curve whose equation is (
y - 1 )2 = x 49
The following are the sets of parametric equation
Set 1 : Compare with cartesian equation and standard parametric equation
( y 1 )2 = x 49 --------
Now compare equation with the Cartesian equation ( y k )2 = 4a ( x h )
Hence k = 1 , h = 49 , 4a = 1
a=
By substitute value k , h and a into parametric equation
X=h+at

Y = k + 2a t

Hence the first set of parametric equation is

X = 49 + t

, Y=1+t

Set 2 : Let y become t and substitute into equation

Let y = t
( y 1 )2 = x 49
( t 1 )2 = x 49
x = ( t -1 )2 + 49
x = 49 + ( t -1 )2
Hence the second set of parametric equation is
Y=t ,

x = 49 + ( t -1 )2

Set 3 : Let x become t and substitute into equation

Let x = t
( y 1 )2 = x 49
( y 1 )2 = t 49
( y 1 )=

y=1

t49

t49

since t 49 0
t 49
Hence the third set of parametric equation is
X=t

, y=1

t49

where t 49

x= -t 2 is impossible to be chosen as the parametric equation for x in ( y 1 )

2
= x 49
This is because ( y -1 )2 0 for every values of y . If x = -t2 , the equation will
not be accepted .
Proven :
( y 1 )2 = x 49
Let x = -t2
( y 1 )2 = -t2 49
The left hand side of the equation is always positive values while the right
hand side of the equation is always negative values.
Hence ( y 1 )2 is not equal to -t2 49 . x is not equal to -t2 .

x can be start with x 49 for the parametric equation .

y also can be start with any choice for the parametric equation for y because
there is no restriction of value for y .
x = 49 + ( y -1 )2 , hence y can be any number.
If y = t , hence t will be the first choice of parametric equation .

METHODOLOGY
Application of EXCEL is used to sketch a curve generated by a
pair of parametric equations. The simplest way is to evaluate x and y for
several values of t. Then plot the points x and y in the plane and through
them draw a smooth curve .This idea of plotting points is identical to the
elementary graphing technique of graphing functions . The parametric
equations are x=et and y=t2-1 at the range -2 t 2 where the difference
between two t is 0.2 . After determined the corresponding values
of x and y ,then plotted and drawn these points. Same technique which is
evaluate x1 , y1 ,x2 and y2 for several values of t is used for the parametric
equation x1=2 sin t and y1=3 cos t ,x2=cos t -2 and y2=1+ sin t at the range
0 t 2 where the difference between consecutive t is 0.2.
Converted the Cartesian equation to the parametric equations by
eliminate the parameter from the equations. This will result in an equation
involving only x or y which we may recognize. Substitute x with t into the

equation for y to get y = 1

t49

. And then substitute y with t into the

equation for x to get x = 49 + ( t -1 )2 . Standard parametric equation which

are X = h + a t

and Y = k + 2a t

is also used to compare with the

Cartesian equation
( y k )2 = 4a ( x h ) . However, it have to take into account any restrictions
on the value of the parameter. In this case , added the condition where t
49 so that it would not be square root of negative values .

An interpretation of parametric equations is to think of the

parameter as time , in seconds and x1 , y1 and x2 ,y2 as functions that
describe the position of two particles moving in a plane. The parametric
equations x1=2 sin t ,y1=3 cos t where 0 t 2 describe an object moving
around the unit circle. If t=0, think of the object as starting its journey at the
point (0,3) in the plane and if t=2

think of the object ending its journey at

(0,3) in the plane . In this case, the object is moving around the circle in a
clockwise direction. It takes the object 2 seconds to travel around the circle.
The parametric equations x2=cos t -2 and y2=1+ sin t where 0 t 2
describe an object moving around the unit circle. If t=0, think of the object
as starting its journey at the point (-1,1) in the plane and if t=2

think of the

object ending its journey at (-1,1) in the plane . When two graph drawn in
same plane, the time (t) where x1 = x2 and y1 = y2 indicate that two particles
will collide at that point.
INTRODUCTION
In mathematics(T) coursework, we need to study about the
application of the parametric equation .
Parametric equations of a curve express the Cartesian
coordinates of the points of the curve as functions of a variable, called a
parameter. Parametric representations are generally non-unique, so the
same quantities may be expressed by a number of different
parameterizations. A single parameter is usually represented with the
parameter , while the symbols

and

are commonly used for parametric

equations in two parameters.

First, tabulated the values of t , x and y based on the
parametric equation of a plane curve at certain range of t. Then plotted the
plane curve . Both action are using EXCEL to get a clear and neat curve .
Second , converted from Cartesian equation to parametric
equation can be more than one method. In this research, converted
Cartesian equation to parametric equation by comparing the standard

parametric equation with the standard Cartesian equation. Then, substitute x

with parameter for the equation of y and lastly substitute y with parameter
for the equation of x .So, it get three set of parametric equation in this
research.
Third, used graph to represent as the particles .Since it have
two set of parametric equation, there are two particles. Tabulated the values
of t , x1 , y1 ,x2 and y2 at certain range of t . Using the parametric equation to
construct the graph to find out the number of intersection points between
the path way of two particles .Using another table to determined the time
where X1 is same with X2 and Y1 is same with Y2, this has shown the collision
point between two particles.
Hence, shown that the number of intersection point is not same
as the collision point. The conversion from Cartesian equation to parametric
equation will give more than one set of parametric equation.

CONCLUSION
From the result, it is found that there is more than one set of
parametric equation when converted from Cartesian equation into it.
However, some of the parametric equations have some restriction on the
parameter (t). Besides, there are difference between intersection points and
collision point. The intersection point represent the overlapping of the path
way of the moving particles .The collision point represent the point which two
particle impact at one time. The number of the intersection point is not
necessary the same as the number of collision point. Particles will collide at
the point where x1 = x2 and y1 = y2 .In this case , there are two intersection
points and only one collision point.

REFERENCE
Books
Titles : STPM Text ( Pre-U ) MATHEMATICS (T) SEM 1
Author : Lee Yoon Woh , Tan Ah Geok , Tey Kim Soon
Publisher : Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn . Bhd
First Published : 2013

Online

Website :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric_equation
Last edited : 1 September 2015

Website :
http://tutorial.Math.lamar.edu/Classes/Calcll/ParametricEqn.aspx
In text reference : 2003 2015 Paul Dawkins

People
Name : Liew Ai Lin
Occupation : Mathematics (T) teacher at SMK Dato Penggawa
Teacher , Masai , Johor

Declaration
This is to certify that the assignment report submitted is based on
my own work.

Signature:
Name :

Teh Hui Li

I/C Number :

970115-14-6518

Date :

28.09.2015

TITLE : APPLICATION OF PARAMATRIC

EQUATION
NAME :

TEH HUI LI

I/C NUMBER : 970115-14-6518

CLASS :

6 INTAN

TEACHER :

PN. LIEW AI LIN

SCHOOL :

SMK DATO PENGGAWA TIMUR