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Panel 25
FAMILIES OF
AMINO ACIDS
lysine
arginine
histidine
(Lys, or K)
(Arg, or R)
(His, or H)
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
+
NH3
This group is
very basic
because its
positive charge
is stabilized by
resonance.
C
R
CH2
C
CH2
NH+
C
+H N
2
CH
HC
NH
NH2
amino
group H2N
HN
OPTICAL ISOMERS
CH2
CH2
a-carbon atom
H
carboxyl
COOH group
H
COO
NH3+
side-chain group
COO
NH3+
Ca
Ca
PEPTIDE BONDS
The four atoms in each peptide bond (gray box) form a rigid
planar unit. There is no rotation around the CN bond.
H
N
H
C
R
O
C
N
OH
H2O
C
H
OH
R
N
O
C
OH
SH
Proteins are long polymers
of amino acids linked by
peptide bonds, and they
are always written with the
N-terminus toward the left.
The sequence of this tripeptide
is histidine-cysteine-valine.
amino, or
N-, terminus
+H N
3
CH2
HC
N
H
C
O
CH
NH+
carboxyl, or
C-, terminus
COO
CH
CH3
C
HN
CH2
CH3
73
valine
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
(Ala, or A)
(Val, or V)
(Asp, or D)
(Glu, or E)
O
C
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH
CH3
CH3
CH2
C
O
glutamine
(Asn, or N)
(Gln, or Q)
CH2
(Leu, or L)
(Ile, or I)
CH2
NH2
CH2
CH
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH3
proline
phenylalanine
(Pro, or P)
(Phe, or F)
C
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
(actually an
imino acid)
CH2
CH3
asparagine
isoleucine
CH
leucine
C
O
C
O
NH2
methionine
tryptophan
(Met, or M)
(Trp, or W)
CH2
CH2
CH2
S
serine
threonine
tyrosine
(Ser, or S)
(Thr, or T)
(Tyr, or Y)
CH2
OH
CH
CH3
CH2
OH
OH
CH3
N
H
glycine
cysteine
(Gly, or G)
(Cys, or C)
CH2
SH