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Turbine vs.

PDM
Farshad Asgari
93134020
Supervisor:
Dr.Fazaeli

Contents
Positive Displacement Motors
Turbines
Downhole motor and bent sub
PDMs vs. Turbines with a Bent Sub
References

Positive Displacement Motors

A positive displacement motor (PDM) is a


hydraulically driven downhole motor that uses
to rotate the bit, independent of drill string
rotation. The PDM is made up of several
sections:
By-pass valve or dump sub.
Motor section.
Universal joint or connecting rod section.
Bearing section with drive sub.

Types of Positive Displacement Motors


PDMs come in various configurations. the stator will
have one more lobe than the rotor.
The first types of PDMs, and the simplest, are 1/2
motors. These generally give medium to low torque
output and medium to high rotary speed.
Torque output is directly proportional to pressure drop
across the motor.
The 1/2 motors have good applications in performance
drilling with a PDC, diamond, or TSP-type bits. Some
shorter models are used for directional purposes.

Types of Positive Displacement Motors

Multi-lobe motors have high torque output and relatively slow


speed. Therefore, they have good applications with roller cone bits.
Such motors are also suitable for use with PDC bits, especially the
large cutter types which require a good torque output to be efficient.
also have good directional applications with bent subs as the
deflection device.

Positive Displacement Motors


PDM

Observations:

LCM can be pumped safely, though care should be taken that the
material is added slowly and evenly dispersed. The system should not
be slugged.

Sand content in the drilling fluid should be kept to a minimum.

Temperature limits are around 270F to 130C, but higher temperature


stators have been developed.

Pressure drop through the tool while working is typically around 50 psi
to 800 psi.

Allowable wear on bearings is of the order of 1mm - 8mm, depending


upon tool size.

Positive Displacement Motors


Characteristics:

Torque is directly proportional to the motors differential


pressure. This makes the tool a very simple to operate.

RPM is directly proportional to flow rate, through


somewhat affected by torque output.

Hydraulic horsepower consumed = {(P x Q) 1714},


where P is the pressure drop (psi) across the motor and
Q is flow rate (gpm).

Turbines
A turbine is made up of several sections:

Drive stages or motor section.

Axial thrust bearing assembly and radial


bearings.

Bit drive sub.

Turbines

Turbine Observations:

Turbines do not readily allow the pumping of LCM.

Sand content of the drilling fluid should be kept to a minimum.

Due to minimal rubber components, the turbine is able to operate in


high temperature wells.

Pressure drop through the tool is typically high and can be anything
from 500 psi to over 2000 psi.

Turbines do not require a by-pass valve.

Usually, the maximum allowable bearing wear is of the order of


4mm.

Turbines
Turbine

Characteristics:

Torque and RPM are inversely proportional (i.e. as RPM


increases, torque decreases and vice versa).

RPM is directly proportional to flow rate (at a constant


torque).

Torque is a function of flow rate, mud density, blade angle


and the number of stages, and varies if weight-on-bit varies.

Optimum power output takes place when thrust bearings are


balanced.

Downhole motor and bent sub

A common method of deflecting wellbores is to use a


downhole motor and a bent sub. the bent sub is placed
directly above the motor and the bent sub which makes
this a deflection assembly.

PDMs vs.Turbines with a Bent Sub

For directional work with a bent sub, PDMs offer several


advantages over turbines:
When drilling with a PDM, the directional driller can use
pump pressure as a weight indicator.
If the pump pressure is constant, the differential pressure
across the PDM is constant, so torque and WOB are constant.
PDMs give a longer bit life than turbines because of the
slower rotary speed.
They can tolerate LCM whereas turbines cannot.
instead of using a bent sub, a PDM with a small bend at the
U-joint housing can be used. This reduces the problem of the
bit riding the side of the hole while tripping in and out.

PDMs vs.Turbines with a Bent Sub


The only real advantage of turbines is that they
can operate at higher temperatures than PDMs.
Also turbines DO NOT have a dump valve.
short deviation turbines could handle higher
flow rates than PDMs, but this is no longer the
case. Nowadays, it is quite rare to use a turbine
with a bent sub.

Advantages and disadvantages of turbines vs PDMs

References

Richard S. & Robert D. - Directional Horizontal


Drilling Manual PetroSkills.

Directional Drilling, Course Manual, Baker Hughes.

Drilling Engineering Workbook, A Distributed Learning


Course, Baker Hughes INTEQ, 1995.

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