2015 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering, Business and Disaster Management (ICBDM)

27th and 28th February, 2015

Fuzzy Logic Control based Dynamic Voltage Restorer

P.K.Mani1,

Associate Professor,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Vel Tech Multitech Dr.RangarajanDr.Sakunthala
Engineering College, Chennai-600062, India.
e mail: mani_lotus@yahoo.com.
Abstract Voltage sags and swell are frequent
events and are usually associated with fault in network,
with energization of transformer or starting of large
motors etc.

Their duration is very short, but they can

represent big problems of sensitive load like power electronic

devices. In this paper, a fast PWM-based Dynamic Voltage
Restorer (DVR) has been modelled and simulated with a
Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to investigate its performance
and the relevant results are presented. A multifunctional
control system is proposed in which the DVR protects the load
voltage using Posicast and fuzzy logic controllers when the
source of disturbance in the parallel feeders. On the other
hand, during a downstream fault, the equipment protects the
PCC voltage, limits the fault current, and protects itself from
large fault current. When the fault current passes through the
DVR, it acts like series variable impedance.
This paper presents the digital modelling and
simulation of a FLC-based DVR under voltage sag/swell
p h e n o me n a . In thi s case, the fuzzy logic controller has been
incorporated instead of convention al PI controller. The
simulation tool used is the MATLAB/Simulink Power System
Block set (PSB). To mitigate the voltage sag problem, a
prototype model has been considered.
Keywords Power Quality, DVR, FLC, PWM, Posicast
Controller

I.

INTRODUCTION

Dr.K.Siddappa Naidu2,

Professor,
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Vel Tech Dr.RR Dr.SR Technical University,
Avadi, Chennai-600062.
many other consumers [2]. Understanding power quality issues is a
good starting point for solving any power quality difficulty and
understanding the power quality terms and definitions is crucial to
getting familiar with the power quality substance [3].
During

last

decade, substantial research

has

been

carried out in innovating different new configurations for harmonic

mitigation in ac-dc converter with R-L load. There have been a
number of developments in control techniques used in power
system. A comprehensive review of active filter (AF) configurations,
control strategies, selection of components, other related economic
and technical considerations and their selection for specific
applications are found [4].
K. V. Kumar presented the performance comparison of
Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) and Hybrid Active Power
Filter (HAPF) with three different nonlinear loads. Two different
PI controllers based on average load active

power

and

synchronous reference frame theory are employed in this

simulation study. MATLAB/ SIMULINK is used for the
simulation of SAPF and HAPF.
Comparison of three shunt active power filter algorithms
also studied [5].
Combined system of shunt passive and series active filter
for a four-wire three-phase system has been designed and
simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK. The system combined
mitigates the source current harmonics and compensates also
unbalance voltages reducing the problems of using only a shunt
passive filter. Therefore, a new control method based in the power

Power quality is a comprehensive term that squeezes all

vector theory has been proposed [6]

features related with amplitude, phase and frequency of the voltage

An assessment and comparison of hybrid active filters,

and current waveforms existing in a power circuit [1]. Poor power

including their topologies, ratings, and control algorithms.

quality may result either from transient conditions accumulate in the

Simulations are presented, along with a comprehensive topology

power circuit or from the installation of non-linear loads.

and performance comparison. In addition, a modified "p-q" theory

The power quality becomes considerably inferior at the

points where the loads are associated to the distribution grid. A
single client may cause considerable reductions in power quality for

is introduced for control strategies, which is more feasible for

extracting harmonic components for distorted load voltages [7].
E. R. Ribeiro has been presented a series active filter
using a simple control technique. The series active filter is

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering, Business and Disaster Management (ICBDM)
27th and 28th February, 2015

applied as a controlled voltage source contrary to its common

has combined winding resistance of Rt, a leakage inductance of Lt

usage as variable impedance. It reduces the terminal harmonic

and turns ratio of n: 1.

voltages, supplying linear or even nonlinear loads with a

good quality voltage waveform. The operation principle, control
strategy, and theoretical analysis of the active filter are presented
[8].
A

control

scheme

based

on

synchronous d-q-0

transformation for a hybrid series voltage compensator and the

effectiveness of the new control scheme in compensating for
voltage sags, distortion and voltage flickers is demonstrated
using simulation results. Its dual role as a harmonic isolator is
also describ ed. A comparison between t h e proposed schemes
against an existing control scheme is presented via simulation. [9].
Hideaki Fujita presents a combined system of a passive

Fig .2. Distribution system with the DVR

filter and a small- rated active filter, both connected in series with
each other. The passive filter removes load produced harmonics

III. POSICAST CONTROLLER

just as a conventional one does. On the other hand, the active

filter plays a role in improving the filtering characteristics of
the passive filter [10].

The Posicast controller is used in order to improve the

transient response. Fig. 3 shows a typical control block diagram of
the DVR.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The block diagram of proposed system is shown in figure

Fig .3. Open-loop control using the Posicast controller

Because in real situations, we are dealing with multiple
feeders connected to a common bus, namely the Point of
Common Coupling (PCC), from now on V1 and V2, will be
replaced with VP CC and VL, respectively, to make a generalized
sense. As shown in the figure, in the open-loop control, the voltage
on the source side of the DVR (VPCC) is compared with a
*
load-side reference voltage (VL ) so that the necessary injection
voltage (Vinv) is derived.
Fig .1. Block diagram of proposed system
As shown in figure, the load voltage is regulated by the
DVR through injecting Vdvr. For simplicity, the bypass switch
shown in Figure .1 is not presented in this figure. Here, it is kind

of assumed that the load has a resistance Rl and an inductance Ll.

The DVR harmonic filter has an inductance of Lf, a resistance of
Rf, and a capacitance of Cf. Also, the DV R injection transformer

A simple method to continue is to feed the error signal

into the PWM inverter of the DVR. But the problem with this is
that the tran sient oscillations initiated at the start instant from
the voltage sag could not be damped sufficiently.

To improve the damping, as shown in Fig. 3, the

Posicast controller can be used just before transferring the signal

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering, Business and Disaster Management (ICBDM)
27th and 28th February, 2015

to the PWM inverter of the DVR. The transfer function of the

gain at the resonant frequency of 50 Hz to force the steady-state

controller can be described as follows:

voltage error to zero. The ideal resonant controller, however,

acts like a network with an infinite quality factor, which is not
realizable in practice. A more practical (non ideal) compensator is

Where and Td are the step response overshoot and the

therefore used here, and is expressed as

period of damped response signal, respectively. It should be noted

that the Posicast controller has limited high-frequency gain; hence,
low sensitivity to noise. To find the appropriate values of and, first
the DVR model will be derived according to Fig.3, as follows:

Where cut is the compensator cut off frequency which is 1

rad/s in this application.
IV. SIMULATION DIAGRAM

Then, according to the definitions of damping and the

A small prototype model of DVR connected to 3phase utility has been considered and studied analytically with a
Fuzzy controller. The simulation of this model is carried out with
MATLAB/Simulink. The results from simulation are presented. The
simulations are done for sag/swells with and without DVR and the
results are present.

delay time in the control literature, and Td are derived as follows:

The Posicast controller works by pole elimination and
proper regulation of its parameters is necessary. For this
reason, it is sen sitive to inaccurate information of the system
damping resonance frequency. To decrease this sensitivity, as is
shown in Fig. 3, the open-loop controller can be converted to a
closed loop controller by adding a multi loop feedback path
parallel to the existing feed forward path. Inclusion of a feed
forward and a feedback path is commonly referred to as twodegrees-of freedom (2-DOF) control in the literature. As the name
implies, 2-DOF control provides a DOF for ensuring fast dynamic
tracking through the feed forward path and a second degree of
freedom for the independent tuning of the system disturbance
compensation through the feedback path. The feedback path
consists of an outer voltage loop and a fast inner current loop.

Fig.4. Sag without DVR

*
To eliminate the steady-state voltage tracking error (VL -VL),
a computationally less intensive Resonant compensator is added to
the outer voltage loop. The ideal P+Resonant compensator can be
mathematically expressed as

where Kp and Ki are gain constants

controller resonant frequency

and

the

. Theoretically,

the resonant controller compensates by introducing an infinite

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering, Business and Disaster Management (ICBDM)
27th and 28th February, 2015

Fig. 7. Swell with DVR

Fig.5. Sag with DVR

Fig. 8. DVR for SAG / SWELL

V. SIMULATION OUTPUT
Fig.6. Swell without DVR

Fig.9. Output waveform for sag without DVR

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering, Business and Disaster Management (ICBDM)
27th and 28th February, 2015

The results of simulation are presented and discussed.

The proposed controller of DVR exhibits a highly effective, a
faster and flexible control for an efficient voltage flicker mitigation
in power systems.
REFERENCES

Fig.10. Output waveform for sag with DVR

[1]

Han, Senior Member, IEEE, B. Bae, H. Kim and S. Baek, Combined

Operation of Unified Power-Quality Conditioner with Distributed
Generation, IEEE Transactions on power delivery, vol. 21, no. 1,
January 2006.

[2]

Mauricio Aredes, Klemens Heumann, Edson H. Watanabe, An

Universal Active Power Line Conditioner, IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 1998.

[3]

Javier A. Munoz, Jose R. Espinoza, Luis A. Moran and Carlos R.Baier,

Design of a Modular UPQC Configuration Integrating a Components
Economical Analysis, IEEE Transactions on power delivery, vol. 24,
no. 4, October 2009.

[4]

B. Singh, and K. Al-Haddad, A review of active filters for power

quality improvement,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.
46, no. 5, pp. 960-971, Oct. 1999.

[5]

Charles. S, and G. Bhuvaneswari, Comparison of three phase shunt

active power filter algorithms, International Journal of Computer

Fig. 11. Output waveform for swell without DVR

and Electrical Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 175- 180, Feb. 2010.
[6]

S. P. Litran, P. Salmeron, J. R. Vazquez, and J. L. Flores,

Compensation of voltage unbalance and current harmonics with a series
active power filter, Renewable Energy & Power Quality Journal, no. 3,
Mar. 2005.

[7]

L. Chen, and A. V. Jouanne, A comparison and assessment of hybrid

filter topologies and control algorithms, IEEE/PESC Ann. Meeting
Conf, vol. 2, pp. 565-570.

[8]

E. R. Ribeiro, and I. Barbi, Harmonic voltage reduction using a series

active filter under different load conditions, IEEE Transactions on
Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1394-1402, Sep. 2006.

Fig.12.Output waveform for swell with DVR

[9] KannanKarthik, and J.E.Quaicoe, Voltage compensation and

CONCLUSION

harmonic suppression using series active and shunt passive

The problem of voltage sag/swell which has emerged a

filters, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian

major concern in the field of power quality has been investigated

in this paper considering parameters of a prototype model. The
effective algorithm has been developed in order to obtain a fast
response of the device. The analysis of mitigating voltage sag and
swell of a 3-phase DVR under posicast controller is carried out

conference, vol. 1, 2000, p. 582-586.

[10]

H. Fujita, and H. Akagi, A practical approach to harmonics

compensation in power systems series connection of passive
and active filters, IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1020-1025, Nov. 1991.

using MATLAB.

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering, Business and Disaster Management (ICBDM)
27th and 28th February, 2015

About the authors

P.K.Mani has completed his B.E. Electrical
and Electronics Engineering and M.E. Power
Systems Engineering at Anna University,
Chennai. At present he is working as
Associate Professor in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Dept,
Vel Tech Multitech
Dr.RangarajanDr.SakunthalaEngineering
college, Chennai-600062.Currently he is
doing Ph.D in Veltech
Dr.RR&Dr.SRTechnical University in the field of power
quality. Mobile. no: +91 9445260989. Email:
mani_lotus@yahoo.com.

Principal and Principal in different Engineering colleges from

2000 to 2012.Presently working as Dean, School of Electrical
Engineering in Vel Tech Dr.RR Dr.SR Technical University,
Avadi, Chennai-600062.He has published many papers in
international and national journals. His research interests are
partial discharge measurements in HV Insulation & Apparatus,
online monitoring of HV power apparatus, Subsynchronous,
Renewable energy systems and power quality.
.

Dr.K.Siddappa Naidu finished his B.E.

Electrical Engineering from Sri Venkateswara
University, Tirupati in 1973 and got postgraduation from IISC, Bangalore in 1976 and
Ph.D. from the same institute in 1994. He has
worked in various capacities in NGEF
Transformers Research & Development fro m
1979 t0 2000.He worked as HOD EEE,Vice

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