HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE

Sta. Ana Avenue, Davao City

College of Engineering and Technology

0v-35v Regulated Power Supply

Submitted to:
Engr. Michael Calamba
ECE 311/5:15pm 6:15pm (MWF)

Submitted by:
Emmanuel Celestino
Moises Carl Pilapil
BSECE - III

October 21, 2013

INTRODUCTION
In our generation today, technology arises rapidly. Many gadgets and electronic devices are
being made that makes our works easier and faster. Most of these gadgets and devices if not
all, use direct current or DC source to operate such as battery or dry cell, Solar Cell, Power
Supply and the like.
Most electronic devices or gadgets need a constant flow of DC voltage that results to the
making of a device that can be connected to an AC source but delivers a Direct Current or DC
output. The process starts with an AC voltage to be converted by a rectifier to a direct one (DC),
then filtering to a DC level and regulating to obtain a desired fixed DC voltage. This process is
actually performed by a power supply.
A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The term is most
commonly applied to devices that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may
also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (mechanical, chemical, solar) to
electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a
specific value; the controlled value is held nearly constant despite variations in either load
current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's energy source.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This project aims:
1.

To develop a functional DC regulated power supply with short-circuit protection.

2.

To enhance designers ability in analyzing and designing a circuit.

3.

To develop the virtue of perseverance in designing a circuit.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

The design is made to perform the operation of converting the Alternating Current (AC)
to a Direct Current (DC) as a linear source. The inputted 220V, 60 Hz AC from the source will be
expected to be a DC source ranges from 0-35 volts after processed by the power supply. The
current on the transformer is limited to 0-3 amperes. As its protection in case of short circuit, a
current limiter or fuse is introduced.
We are using a step-down transformer, 22V-0-22V, peak to peak, to reduce the AC
voltage down to the level of desired DC output. We used a bridge type rectifier which makes use
of four diodes in a bridge arrangement to achieve full-wave rectification. A simple capacitor filter
is used composed of two capacitors with 80V voltage rating and a capacitance of 10000F, to
smoothen out the ripple voltage and converts pulsating DC into a saw tooth like signal. We use

four 1N5404 diodes arranged in a bridge circuit to provide full-wave rectification. As calculated it
produces Vr(rms) of 16.28V , VDC of 64.04V and %ripple of 48.42%.The two 10000microF
capacitors in our circuit serves as our filter that produces VDC of 51V and 0.024% of % ripple.
A regulator circuit was also employed, which is composed four transistors (2n5033) and
a 36V zener diode, to provide a stable dc voltage that not only has less ripple voltage, but also
provides a constant dc output even if the input AC voltage varies or the load connected to the
output dc voltage changes. A series regulator circuit was used. The transistor is the control
element, while the zener diode provides the reference voltage. If the output voltage decreases,
the increased base-emitter voltage will cause the transistor to conduct more.

BLOCK DIAGRAM WITH DISCUSSION

220V AC,
60Hz

Transformer
RECTIFIER

FILTER

REGULATOR
v

SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION

From the block diagram shown, the low voltage power supply converts the 220V AC 60
Hz input to DC output voltage. The power supply needs to be rectified to convert AC to pulsating
DC and filter to smoothen pulsating DC to pure output voltage and sometimes regulate the

voltage to maintain constant voltage. The transformer to be used in this project is a step-down
transformer since we desired to have a 0-35V which is obviously lower than 220V AC.
To explain further the AC Source will be fed into the transformer wherein the lowering
and amplification of voltage is done for such specific applications. In this context the lowering of
voltage is considered.
Since the source which gone through the transformer is still an AC one, the rectifier
block is introduced to convert the AC source to DC source which is specifically called as a
pulsating DC. There are many types of rectifier each has its own application, advantages and
disadvantages. In this project, the rectifier to be used is the full-wave rectifier.
The pulsating DC is not yet the desired output of the power supply. Therefore, a filter is
being implemented to make the pulsating DC to a ripple voltage. The capacitor filter is used to
do this process.
The ripple voltage is still not a smooth DC source which we wanted. To resolve such
problem, a regulator is used to regulate voltage to a desired output under changing conditions.

Schematic Diagram:

2N3055

1N5404

1N5404

TIP41C

22

LOAD RESISTOR

10000uF 10000uF

60 Hz

1N5404

100

15k
50%

220 AC

1N5404

22
150
1N5365BRL

2N3055

+88.8
Volts

Calculations:
From the Transformer Specifications:
Vrms: 45.3 v
Irms: 3 A
Vm =

45.3 2 = 64.06 v

Vdc = 0.636(64.04 2(0.7) ) =39.85 v

Im =

3 2 = 4.24 A

Idc = 0.636(4.24) = 2.698 A

We assume 0.001% ripple factor.

%r =

Vr (rms)
x 100
Vdc

Since: %r = 0.001%
So,

(0.001 )(39.85)
100

Vr(rms) =

= 0.3985 mv

Calculate the Value of the Capacitor:

C=

2.4 ( Idc)
Vr(rms)

2.4 (2.698)
0.3985mv

= 16242.91 F

Calculate the Bleeder Resistor:

%r =

2.4
x 100
RLC

RL =

2.4
0.001 (16242.91)

= 14.77 k

Vdcoutput = Vm -

4.17 Idc
C

= 64.04 -

4.17(2.698)
16242.91

= 64.04 v