Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
Energy source : critical role in rural livelihood, both for social and economic activities
Availability of modern energy services, in rural area of the developing countries are
still limited
The key : improvement of access to more affordable and clean energy sources.
Biomass is seen as a promising type to be further developed (abundant amount)
Biogas has been developed in rural Indonesia since 4 decades ago. Various actors
ranging from governments, private sectors and NGOs have tried to implement biogas
through various projects
Serious attention to biogas development has been given just since 1 decade ago
Oil bonanza (1960s 1980s) oil importer 2004 (resigned from OPECs member
2008)
Biogas technology for household is not a sophisticated technology, but its potential to be
successfully and appropriately implemented demands more complexity
Suitable for rural and remote areas where the energy infrastructure is still weak
Introduction
Introduction
Methodology
Study Area
Methodology
Analytical Framework
Result
Policy Background
No
Time
Description
1981
With the support of FAO, Ministry of Agriculture started the construction of fixed dome type
of biogas digesters in several provinces including West Java
1991
The Presidential Decree (Keppres) 43/1991 on Energy Conservation was the first policy
giving more attention to renewable energy source, including biomass
2006-2010
2006-2010
BATAMAS program (Biogas Originally Livestock via Community Collaboration) and Rural
Bio-Energy Program (BEP) which were initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture
2008-2013
West Java Common Goals Development Plan 2008-2013 or Local Regulation of West
Java Energy Master Plan 2008-2013
2009 - Now
2012
West Java Regional Action Plan on Mitigation of Green House Gases (West Java
Governor Decree 56/2012)
Result
Result
One of the groups having utilized bio-slurry (residual produced through biogas process)
as organic fertilizer and pesticide is farmers in Kampung Areng, Cibodas Village.
re-processed bio-slurry into organic fertilizer and pesticide. The products are used for
own farming as well as are sold to others.
The success story of this product disseminated to their neighbors and some of
them interested to try
The re-processing of bio-slurry in Kampung Areng was reinforced by IDBP/BIRU by
adding the re-processing as assistantship program of biogas digester application.
IDBP/BIRU conducted socialization program to implement that method. This socialization
was not only done in Cibodas Village, but also in other areas where IDBP/BIRU biogas
digester program is being implemented.
The development of bio-slurry products does not stop at the production methods, but
continues to develop by building production house.
Discussion
Aspect
Biogas
Infrastructure Alternative access of energy for cooking
and lighting (alternative of State Electrici
ty Company / PLN)
Economy
Reducing cost of buying energy (LPG) f
or cooking
Reducing cost of paying for electricity (li
ghting)
Environment Preventing of releasing of GHG emissio
n to the atmosphere
Preventing of cow manure disposal into
drain (which later flows into the river) / ri
ver pollution
Preventing illegal logging (wood for cook
ing)
Bio-slurry
Alternative access of farming inputs,
particularly fertilizer and pesticide (r
eplacing chemical inputs)
Reducing cost of buying farming (ch
emical) inputs
Creating additional income (by sellin
g fertilizer)
Preventing of disposal of biogas wa
ste into drain (which later flows into
the river) / river pollution
Increasing quality of soil and preven
ting eutrophication of water
Discussion
Discussion
The resources do not work alone : are influenced by less tangible resources =
institution & entrepreneurship
Institution has played a basic role on how biogas development has given multi-aspect
benefits to rural development.
Institution : rule of game
SNV-HIVOS has created the rule of game as the key of success to link natural and
human-cultural resources in biogas development through IDBP/BIRU
Socio-technical co-development
Internalization of IDBP/BIRU biogas development as an non outsiders program:
Construction of biogas digester is done not as free grant (moral hazard)
Quality guarantee by providing 2-3 years warranty and ensuring the durability
of digester up to 20-30 years (building trust)
Training people to receive minimum standard (farmers and SNV-HIVOS
partners)
Interconnecting related actors to work together (KPBSU, local leader) (building
trust)
Discussion
In contrast to institution which has been built upon the mixture of exogenous and
endogenous factors, entrepreneurship in developing bio-slurry is purely derived from
endogenous actor.
The entrepreneur is a woman living in Kampung Areng (a part of Cibodas Village) and
also working as a farmer
End of 2010 : initiated re-process bio-slurry through vermi composting
Built a simple composting house with her own design.
a housewives group called as Kelompok Karya Ibu or Mothers Work Group in 2013
This entrepreneurship has brought SNV-HIVOS to make the success story of bio-slurry
development in Kampung Areng as national role model
Conclusion
This study shows that the development of biogas and its externality (bio-slurry) has
generated rural development and created lesser dependence to external resources.
Biogas and its bio-slurry, to certain extent, have effectively addressed several issues of
rural development in Cibodas Village, mostly under the infrastructure, economy, and
environment aspects.
Institution and entrepreneurship have played critical role to link natural and humancultural resources and have acted as the driver of change.
Thank You.