Single Trace Analysis Impact On Initiation Sequence Optimization For High Wall Control - AngloGold y Otros - Africa

Single trace analysis impact on
initiation sequence optimization

for high wall control
High Wall Control Using EDD at
Anglo Gold Ashanti, Navachab Mine
Anglo Gold Ashanti, Navachab Mine
Agenda
Introduction to Mine
The Challenge
The Approach
Measuring Rock Response
Initiation System Deltadets
Timing Designs
Results
Conclusion
Introduction to the Mine

Started June 1990
Farm Navachab
Navachab Gold Mine
Initially - 840 000 tons

mined per annum
Currently - 1.3 million
tons mined per annum
Swakopmund
Windhoek
The Challenge
1st Wall Failure - June

1998, +- 15m high
2nd Wall Failure September 1999, +- 30m
high
3rd Wall Failure - March
2001, +- 50m high
Failure
Navachab Gold Mine

Failure
Micro-Seismic System
Legend
Geophones
Failure
Energy Release Rate
C u m u l a ti v e E n e r g y
(K J )
Energy Release Rate (KJ per Month)

150
100
50
0
1
10
11
Time (Months)
Slow Release Rate
Fast Release Rate
Sudden Release
12
Micro-Seismic System
Energy Release Rate
Cumulative Energy (Kj)
300
Conventional Blasting
No Mining
Linear (Conventional Blasting)
250
200
y = 1347.4x - 5E+07
150
100
50
????
-50
PPV = ?
-100
Data Recorded over 8 Months
Bench Parameters
Bench Height 5m
Hole Depth 6m
Hole Diameter 115mm
3.4m x 3.4m
PF = 0.7
Charge Mass / Hole Avg. 40 Kg
12 Blasts Conducted during Trails
Peak Particle Velocity

N
Failure
Seismograph
Block
Seismograph
R
PPV = 1143
1.65
R is the distance from the blast

W is the charge mass per hole
The Approach
Manage risk
Vibration Control
Optimise Design
Rock Response Time
2 Drums Secured To High Wall

115mm Hole Charged
5m Bench; 3m Burden
Flash Activated when Hole Detonates
Drum Movement Recorded with High
Speed Camera
Time Calculated Between Flash and
movement of Drums
Rock Response Time ~ 4.1ms per m
Rock Response Time

4
Distance (m)
3.5
Drum 2
3
2.5
2
Drum 1
1.5
1
0.5
15
20
25
30
Time (ms)
9 -3512ms
40
Measuring Rock Response
Signature Trace Analysis

Individual PPV : V
500 ms delay
Hole 1
Delay : 0 ms
r1
Hole 1
r2
Hole 2
Delay : 0 to 500 ms
Hole 2
Measuring Signature Trace

Amplitude (mm/s)
0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
-4
-8
Time
(ms)
Delay
(ms)
60.0
70.0
80.0

Optimal Delay Values
Peak Amplitude (mm/s)
20
15
9ms
60ms
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Delay Period (ms)
50
60
70

20
15
7.5ms 10.5ms
49.8ms 70.2ms
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Delay Period (ms)
50
60
70

Blasting using EDDs
20
15
Minimal PPV Values Using EDDs

10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Delay Period (ms)
50
60
70
Radiation from a hole
C = function of the rock type

3000 - 6000 m/s
Risks when using precise

detonators

detonators

detonators

detonators

detonators

detonators

detonators

detonators

detonators
BlastMap Model
Allows the use of
The relative hole positions
The speed of the seismic wave
Assumes
Symmetric radiation
Ignores
Reflection and refraction
Timing Designs
Interference Patterns
N
Constructive
Constructive
Initiation System
EDD System
BlastMap
software
Field
terminal
Base
Station
Blasting
Box
Initiation System
Wireless Blasting Contributing to Safety
Manage Risk
Dets are Automatically Programmed,
which reduces exposure to risk
Blaster is out of pit when Blast is Initiated
Timing Designs
Rock Response
Time
Distance(m)
3.5
3
Drum 2
2.5
2
Drum 1
1.5
1
0.5
15
20
25
30
35
Time (ms)
23 ms

P
e
a
kA
m
p
litu
d
e(m
m
/s
)
20
60 ms
15
9m
s
10
60
ms
0
0
10
20
30
40
Delay Period (ms)
50
60
70
40
Timing Designs
Rock Response
Time
Distance(m)
3.5
3
Drum 2
2.5
2
Drum 1
1.5
1
0.5
15
20
25
30
Time (ms)
12 ms

P
e
a
kA
m
p
litu
d
e(m
m
/s
)
20
60 ms
15
9m
s
10
60
ms
0
0
10
20
30
40
Delay Period (ms)
50
60
70
35
40
Timing Designs
Rock Response
Time
Distance(m)
3.5
3
Drum 2
2.5
2
Drum 1
1.5
1
0.5
15
20
25
30
35
40
Time (ms)
9 ms
63 ms
Constructive
Constructive

P
e
a
kA
m
p
litu
d
e(m
m
/s
)
20
15
9m
s
10
60
ms
0
0
10
20
30
40
Delay Period (ms)
50
60
70
Results
Ground Vibration
PPV Recorded - EDD vs Pyro Blasts
60
40
Timing
Timing
EDD 23x60 ms
EDD 9x63 ms
Pyrotechnic -17x42 ms
Timing
Pyrotechnic -17x42 ms
EDD Blasts
EDD 17x42 ms
Pyro Blasts
20 Pyrotechnic -17x42 ms
Number of Blasts
Results
Results
Ground Vibration
Dominant Frequency Range
Dominant Frequency (Hz)
Resonant Rock Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
120
80
40
Date
Results
Ground Vibration
Pyro Blast
EDD Blast
Results
Cumulative Energy (Kj)
300
250
200
y = 1347.4x - 5E+07
150
100
50
????
-50
PPV = ?
-100
Data Recorded over 1 Year

No Mining
Peak Particle Velocity
Failure
Failure
Seismograph
Constructive
Block
Seismograph
Constructive
Results
350
Cumulative Energy
(Kj)
y = 1074.2x - 4E+07
300
250
200
y = 1347.4x - 5E+07
-20%
150
100
50
-50
-100

# of Electronic Blasts
No Mining
Electronic Blasting
Linear (Electronic Blasting)
Rock Response Time

20
2
Drum 1
1.5
1
0.5
15
20
25
30
35
40
15
9
m
s
10
0
0
Time (ms)
BlastMap
software
6
0
m
s
10
20
30
40
50
Delay Period (ms)
Field
terminal
Constructive
Constructive
60
70
Base
Station
Blasting
Box
350
y = 1074.2x - 4E+07
300
250
200
(Kj)
Drum 2
3
2.5
CumulativeEnergy
Distance (m)
3.5
y = 1347.4x - 5E+07
150
100
50
-50
-100

Conventional Blas ting
# of Electronic Blas ts
No Mining
Electronic Blas ting
Linear (Electronic Blas ting)
Linear (Conventional Blas ting)
Conclusion
Purpose
Manage Risk
Method
Rock Response Time

Signature Trace Analysis
Wave Interference Modeling
Optimised Designs
EDD Blasting
Measuring
Database
Results
Reduced PPV
Reduced Energy Release Rate ?
Wall Control BHP Billiton / Xstrata plc

Douglas Coal Mine, South Africa
Wall Control Rio Tinto

Rossing Uranium Mine, Namibia
Acknowledgements
Anglo Gold Ashanti, Navachab Gold Mine
ISEE Conference
References
SRK Consulting Engineers and Scientists
ISS International
Tony Rorke, BME Blasting Specialist

Single Trace Analysis Impact On Initiation Sequence Optimization For High Wall Control - AngloGold y Otros - Africa

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Single trace analysis impact on

initiation sequence optimization

Anglo Gold Ashanti, Navachab Mine

Introduction to the Mine

Navachab Gold Mine

Initially - 840 000 tons

1st Wall Failure - June

Navachab Gold Mine

Energy Release Rate

Energy Release Rate (KJ per Month)

Fast Release Rate

Linear (Conventional Blasting)

Data Recorded over 8 Months

Peak Particle Velocity

R is the distance from the blast

Rock Response Time

2 Drums Secured To High Wall

Rock Response Time

Measuring Rock Response

Signature Trace Analysis

Measuring Signature Trace

Measuring Signature Trace

Delay Period (ms)

Measuring Signature Trace

Peak Amplitude (mm/s)

Delay Period (ms)

Measuring Signature Trace

Peak Amplitude (mm/s)

Minimal PPV Values Using EDDs

Delay Period (ms)

Radiation from a hole

C = function of the rock type

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Risks when using precise

Optimal Delay Values

Delay Period (ms)

Optimal Delay Values

Delay Period (ms)

Optimal Delay Values

Delay Period (ms)

Resonant Rock Frequency (Hz)

Data Recorded over 1 Year

Linear (Conventional Blasting)

Peak Particle Velocity

Data Recorded over 1 Year

Linear (Electronic Blasting)

Linear (Conventional Blasting)

Rock Response Time

Optimal Delay Values

Peak Amplitude (mm/s)

Delay Period (ms)

Data Recorded over 1 Year

Electronic Blas ting

Linear (Electronic Blas ting)

Linear (Conventional Blas ting)

Rock Response Time