History Midterm 2

1. Question: What is the meaning of Humanism?

Answer: A renaissance cultural movement, which turned away from medieval
scholasticism and revived an interest in ancient Greece and Roman thought.
2. Question: Who invented movable type?
Answer: Johannes Gutenberg
3. Question: Which catholic invention played major role in the reformation
movement set of by Martin Luther in 1517?
Answer: The Protestant Reformation.
4. Question: Who was the author of the book Wealth of Nations (Scottish
economist).
Answer: Adam Smith.
5. Question: How did Catholic Church respond to reformation?
Answer: The catholic responded with a counter reformation and declared that the
Protestant Churches were conflicting. The response repeated and clearly defined
Catholics teaching at the council of Trent. The catholic also tried to save as many
souls as possible and built schools for them.
6. Question: Name the famous catholic order founded to resist reformation?
Answer:
7. Question: When and who took Constantinople (sultan, XV cent).
Answer: 1453, by Mehmed the Conqueror.
8. Question: Which ruler of west Europe has claimed: Im the state (Louis XIV).
Answer: Louis XIV
9. Question: Scientific Revolution (major inventions).
Answer: The telescope, the microscope, the thermometer, the barometer.
10.
Question: Major inventions in NA by the end of XVIII cent (independence,
constitution, peace treaty)
Answer: Battery, Guillotine, light bulb, Maioneze, Bifocal Glasses, Parachute,
Piano, Volta.
11.
Question: Banking system in Europe (when, where)
Answer: The largest trading and banking operations, not only in Italy but in
southern Germany, the Low Countries, France, and Britain, were clearly capitalistic.
(14 Century.)
12.
Question: King of France during the first stage of French revolution.
Answer: Louis XVI
13.
Question: Who was the ruler of France from 1799-1815?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte.

14.
Question: Major warfare regions of WWI?
Answer: Belgium and Northern France.
15.
Question: Which tragic occasion became stimulus of WWI?
Answer: Death of France Ferdinand Prince of Austria-Hungary.
16.
Question: 2 allied groups of WWI?
Answer: Triple Entente: consisting of France, Russia, and England.
Triple Alliance: consisting of Germany, Austria, Hungary and Italy.
17.
Question: List western nations who won the WWI?
Answer: The nations of allied France, Italy, Britain and Americans.

True/False
1. Nomadic Challenges
2. Changes Khan was born in Mongolia around 1162. He married at 16, but
had many wives. At the age of 20, he began building a large army with the
intent to destroy individual tribes, and unite them under his rule. He was very
successful. The Mongol empire was the largest in the world before British and
lasted well after his own death in 1227. Changes Khan also was known as Temu
Chin.
3. Roger Bacon - was English philosopher and educational reformer. He was the
first European to describe in detail the process of making gun powder and he
purposed flying machines and motorized ships and carriages.
4. Structure of Mongol army Mongol tactics were a combination of masterful
training with excellent communication and discipline, enabled Changes Khan
and Mongol empire forces. There were several steps: organization mobility,
Training and Discipline, communications and Cavalry.
5. Renaissance Started from the 14th -17th century. This term means rebirth.
6. Brother Vivaldis - they were from Italy, Genoa. Sailed with 2 galleys threw
Gibraltar, seeking a western rout to the Indies.
7. Vikings came to north America in approximately 1000 AD, 500 year ego
before Columbus.
8. In 1498 the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama was the first European to reach
India by sea. Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer (1451-1506) who
sailed across the Atlantic ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India but
explored America. He made four trips to America. Ferdinand Magellan was

Portuguese explorer. Finally a Spanish exploration under Magellan set sail

westward in 1519 passing the southern tip of South America and sailing across
the pacific reaching the Indonesian islands in 1521. The first trip around the
world held until 1898.
9. L
10.

In 1812

11.

12.

13. Leonardo da Vinci was born in April 15 in 1452 and died in 2nd may of
1519, he was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect i.e.
Michel Angelo an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet. He is greatest
artist of all time.
14.

15. Martin Luther was a German monk, catholic priest professor of theology and
seminal figure of a reform movement in 16th century Christianity subsequently
known as the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that
freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money.

ESSAY
1. Commercial revolution
The commercial revolution was the period of European economic expansion,
colonialism, mercantilism which lasted approximately the 13the century until
the early 18th century by the Industrial Revolution. Europeans rediscovered

crusades, spices, silks This development created a new desire for trade and
built vast new international trade network. Nations also sought of wealth. To
deal this new found wealth, new economic theories and practices were created.
Because of competing national interest, nations had the desire for increased
world power through their colonial empires. The commercial revolution is
marked by an increase in general commerce and in the growth of financial
services such as banking, insurance, and investing.
2. Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution, which took from 18 to 19 centuries was a period
during which predominantly agrarian rural societies in Europe and America
became industrial and Urban Prior to the industrial revolution, which began in
Britain in the late 1700s manufacturing was often done in peoples homes,
using hand tools or basic machines the iron and fertile industries along with the
development of the steam engine played central roles in the industrial
revolution which also saw improves systems of transportation communication
and baking while industrialization brought about in increased volume and
variety of manufactured goods and an improves standard of living for some, it
also resulted in often grim employment and living conditions for the poor and
working classes.
3. Causes of World War 1
The First World War began in August 1914. It was directly triggered by the
assassination of the Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand and his wife, on 28th
June 1914 by Bosnian revolutionary. Gavrilo Princip . The event was, however,
simply the trigger that set off declaration of war. The actual causes of the war
are more complicated and are still debated by historians today.
4. Result of World War 1
1. The World War 1 ended up with the defeat of the Central Powers under the
leadership of Germany.
2. The world war 1 also saw the collapse of four Empires-German, Austrian,
Turkish and Russian
3. The world war 1 paves the way for the Bolshevik Revolution in Russian
4. Russia withdrew from the War by singing the Treaty of Breast- Litovsk by
which she had to accept harsh terms dictated by Germany
5. Another important result of the World War 1 was the triumph of democracy in
Europe. Democratic governments were established in different countries of
Europe.
6. As a result of the World War 1 the trade-union movement started in different
countries at a large scale. The labor became actively conscious about the
rights.