AntiPumpingAndLockoutRelays

Antipumping relay Powell (a position of AP relay inside circuit breaker)

WhatisANSIcodeforAntipumpingrelay?
ANSIcodes94oreven52canbeused.

Howrelaysareclassifiedbasedonfunctionalcategories?
Relayscanbedividedintosixfunctionalcategoriesshownbelow:
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Protectiverelays
Detectdefectivelines,defectiveapparatus,orotherdangerousorintolerableconditions.These
relaysgenerallytriponeormore circuitbreaker,butmayalsobeusedtosoundanalarm.

Monitoringrelays
Verifyconditionsonthepowersystemorintheprotectionsystem.Theserelaysincludefault
detectors,alarmunits,channelmonitoringrelays,synchronismverification,andnetworkphasing.
Powersystemconditionsthatdonotinvolveopeningcircuitbreakersduringfaultscanbe
monitoredbyverificationrelays.

Reclosingrelays
Establishaclosingsequenceforacircuitbreakerfollowingtrippingbyprotectiverelays.
Regulatingrelaysareactivatedwhenanoperatingparameterdeviatesfrompredeterminedlimits.
Regulatingrelaysfunctionthroughsupplementaryequipmenttorestorethequantitytothe
prescribedlimits.

Auxiliaryrelays
Operateinresponsetotheopeningorclosingoftheoperatingcircuittosupplementanotherrelay
ordevice.Theseincludetimers,contactmultiplierrelays,sealingunits,isolatingrelays,lockout
relays, closingrelays,andtriprelays.

Synchronizing(orsynchronismcheck)relays

Assurethatproperconditionsexistforinterconnectingtwosectionsofapowersystem.
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Manymodernrelayscontainseveralvarietiesofthesefunctions.Inadditiontothesefunctional
categories,relaysmaybeclassifiedbyinput,operatingprincipleorstructure,andperformance
characteristic.
ThefollowingaresomeoftheclassificationsanddefinitionsdescribedinANSI/IEEEStandard
C37.90(alsoANSI/IEEEC37.100DefinitionsforPowerSwitchgear):

Inputs
Current
Voltage
Power
Pressure
Frequency
Temperature
Flow
Vibration
OperatingPrincipleorStructures
Currentbalance
Percentage
Multirestraint
Product
Solidstate
Static
Microprocessor
Electromechanical
Thermal

PerformanceCharacteristics
Differential
Distance
Directionalovercurrent
Inversetime
Definitetime
Undervoltage
Overvoltage
Groundorphase
Highorlowspeed
Pilot
Phasecomparison
Directionalcomparison
Currentdifferential

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Solidstate(andstatic)relays arefurthercategorizedunderoneofthefollowingdesignations:

Analog
Analogrelaysarethoseinwhichthemeasuredquantitiesareconvertedintolowervoltagebut
similarsignals,whicharethencombinedorcompareddirectlytoreferencevaluesinlevel
detectorstoproducethedesiredoutput(e.g.,SA1SOQ,SIT,LCB,circuitshieldrelays).

Digital

Digital
Digitalrelaysarethoseinwhichthemeasuredacquantitiesaremanipulatedinanalogformand
subsequentlyconvertedintosquarewave(binary)voltages.Logiccircuitsormicroprocessors
comparethephaserelationshipsofthesquarewavestomakeatripdecision.

Numerical
Numericalrelaysarethoseinwhichthemeasuredacquantitiesaresequentiallysampledand
convertedintonumericdataform.Amicroprocessorperformsmathematicaland/orlogical
operationsonthedatatomaketripdecisions.
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HowdoweclassifyanAntipumpingrelay?
Itisclassifiedasanauxiliaryrelay.

WhyAntipumpingrelayisused?
AntipumpingrelayingisdoneprimarilytoindicatethespringfailureofTNCswitchandaperson
needtoattendtheproblem.Thefunctionofthisrelayistocutoffthesupplyto52C(CBclosing
coil)incaseofTNCswitchspringfailureandpreventCBhuntingeffect(i.e.continuousclosing,
openingoperation).
Antipumpingisalsocalledtripfreemechanismofanycircuitbreaker.Supposethebreakerhas
beeninstructedtoclosebymanualinstructionbypressingtheTNC(tripneutralclosepush
button)switch.Theoperatingmechanismwillstartoperatingforclosingoperation.
Meanwhileafaulthastakenplaceandrelayclosesthetripcircuitofbreaker.Thetripfree
mechanism/Antipumpingfeaturepermitsthecircuitbreakertobetrippedbyprotectiverelayeven
ifitisunderprocessofclosing.Thusauxiliaryrelay(orsometimestheinbuiltfeatureofcircuit
breaker)whichpreventalternatetrippingandclosingofthecircuitbreakerifclosingpushbuttonis
heldcloseduringfaultiscalledthetripfreemechanismorantipumpingmechanism.

WhatwillhappenifAntipumpingrelaycircuitisnotpresent?
IfthecircuitbreakerisclosedusingTNCswitch,andatthesameinstantletspringofTNCswitch
hasfailedanditdidnotcametoitsneutralstate,andprimaryprotectionrelayhadbeenoperated
atthisinstantandopenedtheCB,sincesupplyisbeingextendedto52C(CBclosingcoil)
becauseofTNCspringfailure,thenCBwillcloseagain,sincefaultisstillpersistingthefollowing
cycleoccurs.
CBtrip,becauseofprotection.Operation>CBclose,becauseofTNCswitchspringfailure>CB
trip,becauseofprotection.Operation>CBclose,becauseofTNCswitchspringfailure>CBtrip,
becauseofprotection.Operation>CBclose,becauseofTNCswitchspring.
Theabovecycleistermedascircuitbreakerhunting.Circuitbreakerhuntingwillcausedamage

tobreakeranditcanbeavoidedbyusing52(CircuitbreakerAntipumpingrelay).Thefunctionof
thisrelayistocutoffthesupplyto52C(CBclosingcoil)coilincaseofTNCswitchspringfailure
andpreventCBhuntingeffect(i.e.continuousclosing,openingoperation).
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Letusanalysethebehaviorofcircuitincaseantipumpingispresentandincaseitisnotpresent,
onebyone:

CASE1:ClosingCoilCircuitWithout52Relay
ThepathforCBclosewithout52relayisshowninFigure1.InthiscaseifspringofTNCswitch
fails,thensupplywillbegetextendedto52C(CBclosingcoil)coilasshowninFigure2.

Figure 1 Circuit breaker closing coil without Antipumping relay

IftheTNCswitchspringhasfailedthensupplywillbeextendedasshownbelow.

Figure 2 showing how supply will be extended to closing coil because of TNC spring failure

CASE2:ClosingCoilCircuitWith52Relay
Closingcoilcircuitwith52presentisasshowninFigure3.Path1inFigure3showshow52C
(CBclosingcoil)willbeenergizedwhenwepressTNCswitchCS1.ifCS1comestoitsoriginal
stateoncewereleaseitthen52willnotcomeinpicture.ifCS1doesnotcomestoitsoriginal
statethen52willbeenergizedasshowninpath2.then52NCcontactpresentinpath1willbe
gotopenedupandpreventsextensionofsupply.

Wehavetheconceptthatinitiallyfortheenergizationof5280%to90%of110Visrequired.But
onceafterenergization6070%of110Vissufficienttomaintainitsenergizationstate.Thislogicis
achievedbyintroducingaresistancein52energizationmaintenancepath.Thispathisshown
inFigure4.

Figure 3 With Antipumping relay present

Figure 4 Antipumping relay with a resistor

Once52isenergizeditwillgiveanalarmandamaintenancepersoninthesubstationneedto
attendthatproblem.Thisishow52isusefulinavoidingCBhuntingeffect.
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WhatisANSIcodeforMastertriplockoutrelay?
ANSIcode86isused.

Whatisfunction&Utilityoflockoutrelay?
Whenadrivetolockoutinputisenergized,thereclosingrelaywillgointolockout
fromanypointinthesequence.Therelaywillstayinlockoutuntiltheinputisremoved
andthebreakerisclosedmanuallyorbysupervisorycontrol.Uponremoval,the

recloserwillgothroughitsresetsequenceandreturntoreadystate.
Allthedifferenttripsignalsfromfaultdetectiondevicesarewiredtothelockoutrelay,
whichisthemastertriprelayforthecircuitbreaker.Itisusuallyamanuallyresetrelay
withanindicatingflagorlamp.IncaseofDGasimilarphilosophyoftrippingisusedin
theenginecontrolpanelinwhichallthemechanicalfailuresignalsarereceivedatthe
enginelockoutrelay(86T,Tforturbine).Thislockoutrelayalsotripsthegenerator
circuitbreaker.
Wheneitherthe86Gorthe86Trelaysendsitssignaltothecircuitbreakertripcoil,
timeistakenbeforethecircuitbreakerbeginstomoveandfinallyreachitsfullyopen
state.Thegeneratorswitchgearisrecommendedtohavetwoseparatelockoutrelays.
Onewillreceivealltheelectricalprotectionrelaytripsignals,anddenotedas861.
Theotherwillreceiveamastertripsignal(orseveraltripsignals)fromtheturbineunit
controlpanel,anddenotedas862.
Itoperateswheneveranyoftheprotectionrelayoperatesandwouldpreventanycircuit
breakeroperationuntilthelockoutrelayismanuallyrest.

Canwemanagewithoutantipumpingsinceoperationoflockoutrelaywould
preventanyfurtheroperationsofCBevencontinuousopeningclosing?

Figure 5 Antipumping relay & Lockout relay contacts in closing coil circuit

LetusassumethatwehaveclosedthecircuitbreakerusingtheTNCswitchCS1.Atthisinstant
TNCswitchspringfailedandfaultistherewhichissensedbyprimaryprotectionrelayandsends
trippingcommandtocircuitbreaker.Thiswouldenergizethetripcoilofbreakerthiswillresultin
operationoflockoutrelay.
ThelockoutrelaywillgointolockoutstateasshowninFigure6below:

Figure 6 The lock out relay goes into lock out state

Nowletapersonhadattendedthatfaultandresetted86lockoutcontacts.Afterresettingits
statuswillbeNCandaclosedcommandwillbeextendedtoclosingcoilwithoutanyhuman
interfacewhichisamalfunction.

Soan86lockoutrelaycannotfulfillthepurposeofantipumpingrelay.

ThefunctionofantipumpingrelayistocutoffthesupplytoclosingcoilincaseofTNCswitch
springfailureandpreventCBhuntingeffect(i.e.continuousclosing,openingoperation)anda
personneedstoattendtheproblem.Whereas86lockoutrelaycontactinclosingcircuitismeant
toensurethatapersonhadattendedthefaultoccurredandweareclosingthecircuitafter
clearingthecircuit.
Itisextramechanicalprotectionmeantforsafetyofequipmentsconsideringthecostand
sophisticationinvolveditisalwaysadvisabletogoforextrahumaninterface.

REF ERENCES:

1.ANSI/IEEEC37.100DefinitionsforPowerSwitchgear.
2.RelayAndCircuitBreakerApplicationAuthors:E.L.HarderandJ.C.Cunningham.
3.ProtectionApplicationHandbook:ABB,TransmissionSystemsandSubstations.
4.http://www.electrotechnik.net/2009/06/whatisantipumpingrelay.html