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Topic2
HighDemandQuestionsQUESTIONSHEET1
Thespecificheatcapacityofamaterialisdefinedastheenergyneededtoraisethe
temperatureof1kgofthematerialby1oC.
material
iron
aluminium
copper
lead
concrete
specific heat capacity 390
900
490
130
850
(J/kg/oC)
Thetableshowsarangeofmaterialsandtheirspecificheatcapacities.
Hassanwantstodesignacontainerinwhichhecanheatwater.Hehascontainersmadeoutofthematerialsshowninthe
table.
(a)(i)Drawabargraphtodisplaythespecificheatcapacitiesforthesematerials.
[2]
http://www.sciwebhop.net/sci_web/physics/gcse/qb/heat%20questions.htm
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(ii)Ifeachcontainerhasamassof1kg,whichmaterialwouldneedtheleastenergytoheatit
through1oC?
(1mark,1line)
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(iii)Hassandecidesnottochooseacontainermadeoutofthismaterial.
Whynot?
(1mark,1line)
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(Continued)
QUESTIONSHEET1CONTINUED
(b)(i)Acoppercontainerofmass500gisusedtoheatwater.Usingtheequation:
Energysupplied=massspecificheatcapacityriseintemperature
(J)(kg)(J/kg/oC)(oC)
calculatetheamountofenergyneededtoraiseitstemperaturefrom20oCto100oC.
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(ii)Calculatetheamountofenergysavedbyusingthecoppercontainerratherthananaluminiumcontainerofmass
500g.
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DebbieandAshaareusingaburningpeanuttoheatwaterinaboilingtube.
(a)Whatcantheyfindoutaboutthepeanutbydoingthisexperiment?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b)(i)Theequation:
Energysupplied=massxspecificheatcapacityxtemperaturerise
(J)(kg)(J/kg/oC)(oC)
canbeusedtocalculatetheenergysuppliedtothewaterintheboilingtube.
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Thetemperatureofthewaterrosefrom20oCto70oC.Iftherewere20gofwaterinthetube,andthespecificheatcapacity
ofwateris4200J/kg/oC,calculatetheenergysuppliedtothewater.
(2marks,3lines)
(ii)Theamountofenergystoredinapeanutismuchgreaterthanthis.Givetworeasonswhyallthe
energyfromthepeanutdidnotgointoheatingthewater.
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(c)Attheendoftheexperiment,theoutsideofthetubewascoveredinablackdeposit.
(i)Whatwasthis?
(1mark,1line)
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(ii)Wherehaditcomefrom?
(1mark,1line)
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The diagram shows a house without any insulation. The percentage of the energy lost from different parts of the house
duringtheyearisshown.
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35%
door
(a)Thetotalcostoftheenergylostduringtheyearis1000.Thisrepresents35%ofthetotalheatingbillforthe
house.
(i)Calculatethecostofheatingthehouseforoneyear.
(2)
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(ii)Calculatethecostoftheenergywastedthroughthefloor.
(2)
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(iii)Suggestonewayofreducingtheamountofheatenergyescapingthroughthedoorotherthandraughtproofing.
(1)
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(b)Thetableshowssometypesofmethodsusedtoconserveenergy,theirinstallationcostsandthe
amountofmoneythatthismethodwouldsaveinayear.Assumeeachmethodreducesheatlossby80%
Placeof
installation
Roof
Walls
Windows
Doors
Methodofinsulation
Purchasecost()
Costofenergywasted
peryear()
Costofenergy
savedperyear
()
250
200
1000
3500
5
350
150
150
120
Rockwoolor
Fibreglassinloft
Cavitywallfilling
Doubleglazing
Draughtproofing
(i)Completethetablebycalculatingthecostoftheenergysavedinoneyearforeachmethodofinsulation(Thedouble
glazinghasbeendoneforyou).
[3]
(Continued...)
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(ii)CalculatethelengthoftimeneededtopaybacktheinitialpurchasecostofDoubleglazing.(Assumethecostofthe
energydoesnotchange).
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(iii)Whichtypeofinsulationwouldyouinstallfirst?Explainwhy.
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(a)ArchitectscalculateheatlossfromhousesusingafactorcalledtheUvalue.
Theyusethefollowingformula:
Heatlosspersecond=areaxtemperaturedifferencexUvalue
(W)(m2)(oC)
WhataretheunitsoftheUvalue?
(1)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b)BelowaresomeUvaluesfordifferentpartsofthehouse.
Partofhouse
Uvalue
Singleglazedwindow
5.5
Doubleglazedwindow
3.0
Roof
2.0
Insulatedroof
0.5
Cavitywall
1.5
Insulatedcavitywall
0.5
Aninsulatedroofmeasures10mby8m.Thetemperatureinsideis20oCandoutsideis2oC.
Calculatetheheatlosspersecondthroughtheroof.
(3)
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Somepeoplehavesolarpanelstoheattheirwatermountedontheirroofs.
Thediagrambelowshowsthesetupofasolarpanel
coldwaterin
(a)Explainwhythesurfaceisadullblack.
(2)
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(b)Whyisitcoveredwithglass?
(1)
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(c)(i)Whyarethepipesarrangedinazigzagpattern?
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(2)
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(ii)Whyshouldthepipelinkingthesolarpaneltothehotwatertankbeasshortaspossible?
(1)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(d)(i)Whatmakesthewatermovethroughthepipes?
(1)
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(ii)Whyisthestoragetankusuallyfittedhigherthanthepanel?
............................................................................................................................................................ [1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(e)Thehousewouldnormallyhaveanalternativemethodofheatingthewater.Explainwhy.
(1)
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(a)Explainwhybirdsfluffuptheirfeathersincoldweather.
(2)
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............................................................................................................................................................[2]
(b)Trampswilloftenwrapthemselvesinnewspaperatnight.
Whydoesthishelpthemtokeepwarm?
(1)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Design an experiment or series of experiments to compare the insulating properties of feathers and of newspaper.
Mentionthecontrolsyouwouldusetoensurethattheexperimentswerefair.
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(8)
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Theenergyneededtochangethetemperatureofasubstancedependsonthemassofthesubstance,thetemperatureandthe
specificheatcapacityofthesubstance.
(a)Calculatetheamountofenergyneededtochangethetemperatureof:
(i)500gofwaterby5oC(specificheatcapacityofwateris4200J/kgoC)
(3)
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii)100gofaluminiumfrom100Cto300C(specificheatcapacityofaluminiumis880J/kgoC)
(3)
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[3]
(b)A4kglumpofironisgiven20kJofenergy.Itrisesintemperatureby10oC.
Calculatethespecificheatcapacityofiron.
(3)
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............................................................................................................................................................[3]
(c)Attheseasideonahotday,thesandfeelswarm,buttheseaiscold.Explainthis.
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............................................................................................................................................................[2]
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(a)Akettlehasapowerratingof3kW.1.5kgofwaterat5oCareputinthekettle.
Assumingnoheatislost:
(i)howmuchenergyisneededtoboilthekettle?
(3)
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii)howlongwillthekettletaketoboil?
(3)
................................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................................[3]
(thespecificheatcapacityforwateris4200J/kg0C)
(b)Howlongwouldthekettletaketoboilif2kgoficeat0oCwasputinit?
(latentheatoffusionoficeis334000J/kg)
(4)
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MediumDemandQuestionsQUESTIONSHEET9
(a)Allmetalsexpandwhentheyareheated,butbydifferingamounts.
Aluminiumexpandsmorethancopper,whichexpandsmorethaniron.
Drawlabelleddiagramstoshowwhatyouwouldexpecttoseewhenthefollowingbimetalstripsareheated
to300oC:
(i)Copperandiron
(2)
[2]
(ii)copperandaluminium
(2)
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[2]
(b)(i)Explainhowbimetallicstripscanbeusedtomakeathermostat.
(4)
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(a)Explainhowthefollowingmethodsofinsulatingahousehelptoreduceheatloss.
(i)doubleglazing.
(2)
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............................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)liningtheloftwithfibreglass.
(2)
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............................................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)theuseofthickcarpets.
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(2)
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(b)Airisaverypoorconductorofheat.Whyisairreplacedbyfoamincavitywallinsulation?
(2)
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
(c)Explainwhyastringvestkeepsapersonwarm,eventhoughitisonlyacollectionofholes.
(2)
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(a) The linear expansivity of a substance is the amount by which one metre length will increase for every one degree
Celsiusriseintemperature.Engineerscanusethistoworkouthowmuchtheirmaterialswillexpandovertherangeof
temperatureinwhichtheyaretobeused.
(i)Whyisitimportanttoknowthiswhenbuildingabridge?
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(2)
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............................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)Thelinearexpansivityofsteelis0.000012mperoC.
Whatwillbethelengthofa500msteelbridgeifthetemperaturerisesby50oC?
(3)
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............................................................................................................................................................[3]
(b)Thelinearexpansivityofcopperis0.00002mperoCandthatofaluminium0.00003mperoC.
Whichofthewillexpandmost,50mofcopperheatedby40oCor50mofaluminiumheatedby30oC?
Justifyyouranswersbycalculations.
(4)
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(c)Howwastheideaofexpansivityusedinfittingmetaltyrestowoodencartwheels?
(2)
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(a)Carolistesting2cupstoseewhichhasthebestinsulatingproperties.Thetableshowsthedata
whenthesamevolumeofhotwaterisplacedineachcup,andthetemperaturemonitoredfor10minutes.
time(min)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
papercup
80
66
57
53
49
47
45
43
42
41
polystyrene
80
74
68
65
63
61
60
59
58
57
cup
10
40
56
(i)Plotgraphsoftemperatureandtimeforeachcuponthesameaxes.[5]
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(Continued...)
(ii)Howlongdideachcuptaketocoolfrom80oCto70oC?
papercup:
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
polystyrenecup:
(2marks,2lines)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)Whichcupwasthebestinsulator?
(1mark,1line)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(iv)Explainyouranswerin(a)(iii).
(1mark,1line)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b)Carolputlidsonthecontainersandrepeatedtheexperiment.
(i)Whateffectwouldyouexpecttoseeonherresults?(1
mark,1line)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)Explainyouranswerin(b)(ii)
(1mark,1line)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
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Marksetsupanexperimenttoinvestigatetheheatlossfromcontainerscoveredwithdifferentmaterials.
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Thegraphshowscoolingcurvesfor3containers.
Aisapyrexbeaker
Bisapyrexbeakercoveredwithaluminiumfoil
Cisapyrexbeakerpaintedblack.
Eachbeakerhasalid.
(a)(i)Afterwhattimeisthetemperature80oCforeachbeaker?
A:..............................................................................................................................................[1]
B:.............................................................................................................................................[1]
C:.............................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)Whatisthetemperatureofeachbeakerafter10minutes?
A:.............................................................................................................................................[1]
B:.............................................................................................................................................[1]
C:..............................................................................................................................................[1]
(Continued...)
(b)(i)Whichbeakeristhebestemitterofheat?
(1mark,1line)
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............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)Howistheheatbeinglost?
(1mark,1line)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)Nametwootherwaysthatheatcanbelostwhenabodyishotterthanitssurroundings.
(2marks,2
lines)
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
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Thediagramshowstheimportantpartsofahotwatersysteminahome.
Hottap
(a)(i)Namethemainprocesswherebyheatistransferredthroughthesidesofthehotwatertankto
thesurroundings.
(1)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)Namethemainheattransferprocesswherebyheatistransferredfromtheflamestothebottomoftheboiler.
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b)Statewhyanexpansionpipeisneeded.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
Forthefollowingquestionusethetheoryofthearrangementofparticlesinsolids,liquidsandgassestohelpyoutoanswer
thequestion.
(c)Explainthedifferencebetweentheconductionandconvectioninsolidsliquidsandgases.
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Explaineachofthefollowing:
(a)achimneyandfirehelptoventilatearoom.
(2)
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(b)agliderisabletostayintheair.
(2)
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(c)itisbesttocrawlalongthefloorinasmokefilledroom.
(2)
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(d)peoplewearlightcolouredclothinginSummer.
(2)
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(e)frostismorelikelytoformonaclearnightthanononewhichiscloudy.
(2)
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(a)Explainhowperspirationhelpstokeepyoucool.
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(b)Whenwalkingonamountaininwetweatherapersonsclothingbecamesoaked.
Explainwhythiscouldbedangeroustothepersonshealth.
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(c)Foreachofthelistofconditionsneededtodryclothesonawashinglineasquicklyaspossible,
explainthesciencebehindthem.
(i)theairshouldbedry
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(ii)thedayshouldbewindy
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(iii)largeitemssuchassheetsshouldbewellspreadout.
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LowDemandQuestionsQUESTIONSHEET17
Maryhasjustreceivedhergasbillforthewinterquarter.Sheisamazedathowhighitis.
HerfriendRitasuggeststhatsheshouldinsulateherhouse.
(a)Whywouldinsulationreducehergasbill?
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(1mark,1line)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
whereheatlost
walls
roof
windows
floors
%loss
40
35
15
10
(b)Thetableshowsthepercentageheatlossthroughpartsofahouse.
(i)Drawabargraphtodisplaytheresults.
(2
marks,0lines)
[2]
(ii)Whereismostenergylostfromthehouse?
(1mark,1line)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)Namethetypesofinsulationsheshouldconsiderforeacharea:
walls:..........................................................................................................................................[1]
roof:...........................................................................................................................................[1]
windows:....................................................................................................................................[1]
floor:..........................................................................................................................................[1]
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(4marks,4lines)
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Thediagramshowsavacuumflask.Itisdesignedtokeepheatfromenteringorleavingtheflask.
Thetablebelowshowsadesignfeaturetohelptostopheatbeingtransferredandatypeofheattransfer.
Designfeature
Heattransferprocess
Silveredinnerwalls
Conduction
Plasticstopper
Convection
Vacuum
cavity
Radiation
within
inner
(a)Linkthedesignfeaturetothetypeofheattransferthatitisdesignedtoreduce.
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(Continued...)
Belowisaparagraphoftextdescribingheattransfer.Insertakeywordintotheblankspaces.Thekeywordsare:
CONDUCTIONCONVECTIONRADIATION.
Thekeywordsmaybeusedonce,morethanonceornotatall.
(b)Themaintypeofheatenergytransferinsolidsis________________.
Themaintypeofenergytransferprocessinliquidsis__________________.
Themaintypeofheatenergytransferprocessingasesis____________________.
TheSunsheatrayspassthroughouterspacetowardsEarthbyaprocesscalled_______________.
[4]
(c)Thediagramshowsaflaskthathasacrackinoneoftheinnerwalls.
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Explainwhytheflaskdidnotworkasefficiently.
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0oC20oC37oC50oC100oC176oC1530oC
(a)Fromthelistoftemperaturesgivenabove,selectthemostlikelyvalueforeachofthefollowing:
(i)theboilingpointofpurewateratnormalpressure......................................................[1]
(1)
(ii)thebodytemperatureofahealthyperson....................................................[1]
(1)
(iii)themeltingpointofiron...................................................[1]
(1)
(iv)normalroomtemperature..................................................[1]
(1)
(v)themeltingpointofpureice....................................................[1]
(1)
(b)Statetwowaysinwhichaclinicalthermometerdiffersfromalaboratorythermometer.
(2)
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(c)Whatarethetwomostcommonliquidsusedinalaboratorythermometer?
(2)
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Completethefollowingsentences.
______________________currentsformwhenliquidsareheated.
Thehotliquid_____________andthecoldliquid________________.
Energytravelsthroughspaceby______________,whichcanbereflectedby_________________.
Shinysurfacesare_______________anddullblackonesare_________________.
Theunitofenergyisthe_______________.
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Energytravelsthroughthebottomofasaucepanby_________________.
Metalsaregood_______________whereasplasticsaregood______________.(11)
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