751x MG (Media Gateway) Fundamentals Ed.02.Ce

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751x MG (Media Gateway)

Fundamentals
3FL 36201 AAAA Edition 02 - 04/2008
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2008
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Media Gateway Basics
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Objectives
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This training document covers basic information of

media gateways in an NGN environment.
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Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
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Switch to notes view!

1 NGN Overview
1.1 Voice over IP (VoIP) and NGN
1.2 IP Telephony (IPT)
1.3 Class 4 Application
1.4 Border Gateway
1.6 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
2 Gateway Functions
2.1 Classification of Gateways
2.2 Monolithic and Decomposed Gateway Concept
2.3 Codecs
2.4 Silence Supression
2.5 Fax Relay (T.38)
2.6 Hairpinning
2.7 Session Border Control
3 MEGACO Protocol
3.1 MEGACO Network Elements
3.2 Definitions and Commands
3.3 Call Setup Scenario
4 Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN)
4.1 Overview
4.2 SIGTRAN IUA Example
5 Summary
5.1 Gateway Applications
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Table of Contents [cont.]

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1 NGN Overview
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1 NGN Overview
1.1 Voice over IP (VoIP) and NGN

Data Network
Softphone / IP-Phone
(H.323, SIP)
Voice Communication between IP Devices

Data Network
(H.323, SIP)
PSTN
Gateway
Voice Communication between Networks

Data Network
PSTN
POTS / ISDN
PSTN
Gateway
POTS / ISDN
(H.323, SIP)
Gateway
POTS / ISDN
Data Networks to replace Long Distance Exchanges

Data Network
-own network-
PSTN
POTS / ISDN
Gateway
Data Network
-other providerBorder Gateway
Border Gateway Application

Data Network
POTS / ISDN
Gateway
Gateway
Data Networks to replace Local Exchanges

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POTS / ISDN
1 NGN Overview
1.2 IP Telephony (IPT)

Gatekeeper
ProxyServer
(IPT)
Application
Server /
Services
Data Network SIP
H.323, SIP
SIP
RTP
H.323,
SIP
H.323,
SIP
RTP
RTP
RTP
MRF
Softphone
(H.323, SIP)
IP Telephone
(H.323, SIP)
Voice
Gateway
Softphone
(H.323, SIP)
IP Internet Protocol
IPT IP Telephony
MRF Media Resource Function
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol
SIP Session Initiating Protocol
IP Telephone
(H.323, SIP)
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PRI
PSTN
1 NGN Overview
Media
Gateway
Controller
(Class 4)
Data Network
MEGACO Media Gateway Control Protocol

SIGTRAN Signaling Transport
RTP
MEGACO
MEGACO
Media
Gateway
SIGTRAN
Media
Gateway
Signaling
Gateway
CCS N7
(ISUP)
ISUP
ISUP
N7
PSTN
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1 NGN Overview
1.4 Border Gateway
Media
Gateway
Controller
(IBCF)
Media
Gateway
Controller
(IBCF)
SIP / SIP-I
SIP / SIP-I
Firewall
Firewall
MEGACO
Data Network
MEGACO
MEGACO
Data Network
RTP
Media
Gateway
Border
Gateway
Border
Gateway
Media
Gateway
ISUP
ISUP
PSTN
PSTN
IBCF - Interconnection Border Control Function

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RTP
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1 NGN Overview
Media
Gateway
Controller
(Class 5)
IAD Integrated Access Device

MGCP - Media Gateway Control Protocol
MTA Media Terminal Adapter
SIGTRAN Signaling Transport
Data Network
MEGACO
SIGTRAN
RTP
MEGACO
RTP
Access
Gateway
Centralized
Access
Gateway
Access
Node
SIP, MGCP,
MEGACO
Access Network
Residential
Gateway
(MTA, IAD)
PABX
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1 NGN Overview
1.6 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
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2 Gateway Functions
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2 Gateway Functions
2.1 Classification of Gateways

AGW - Access Gateway
AN - Access Node
c-AGW - centralized Access Gateway
BGW - Border Gateway
RGW - Residential Gateway
SGW - Signaling Gateway
TGW - Trunking Gateway
Data Network
Transit
BGW
Signaling
SGW
TGW
Access
c-AGW
AGW
BGW
RGW
Data Network
other Provider
4,000..32,000
Equivalent
Channels
AN
PSTN
250..32,000
Channels
1...64
CCS N7 Links
250..32,000
250..1,500
Channels
1,500...100,000 Subscriber
Subscriber
Packet Gateways
TDM Gateways
- Packet to Packet Gateways
- convert TDM-voice to Packet-voice and vv.

- Voice Coding, Echo Suppression, VAD, CNG
- Special treatment for other traffic (Fax)
15
- Voice Transcoding
- Network Address Translation
- SLA Mapping of QoS-Levels
1...8 Ports
1 Subscriber
+ Ethernet
4,000..16,000
Equivalent
Channels
Signaling Gateways
- converts TDM Signaling
(CCS N7, DSS, ...) to IP
Classification of Gateways
A classification of gateways can be made via location of the gateway in the network. So we can decide
between the following types of gateways:
Transit gateways
Signaling gateways
Access gateways
Transit Gateways
Transit gateways are gateways used between different networks. Beside border gateways (BGW), used
between different packet networks, also trunking gateways (TGW) with a media conversion from circuit
switched to packet switched networks and vice versa are possible.
Signaling Gateways
Signaling gateways (SGW) are used to transport TDM based signaling messages in a packet network. In an
NGN environment signaling gateways are used for N7 signaling and DSS signaling (PRA interface)
Access Gateways
Access gateways (AGW) are used to provide the access of subscribers to the telecommunication network.
Depend on the function, size and physical location different types of access gateways are classified:
centralized Access Gateway (c-AGW)
are used to connect TDM based concentrators to the data network

Access Gateways (AGW)
contains subscriber interfaces and connect subscribers immediately the data network
Residential Gateways (RGW)
are also used to connect subscribers immediately to the data network. In difference to an AGW
the RGW is located on the subscriber premises and supports a small number of ports for analogue
or ISDN telephone sets for one subscriber. Additionally an Ethernet interface can be supported.
Border Gateways (BGW)
supports firewall functions in the access to a subscriber

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2 Gateway Functions
2.2 Monolithic and Decomposed Gateway Concept
Gatekeeper /
Proxy Server
Monolithic Gateway
H.323
SIP
ISDN
Call Control
PSTN
H.323
SIP
H.323, SIP
Media
Call Control
Media
RTP
Voice Gateway
ISUP
SIGTRAN
Decomposed Gateway
Media Gateway
Controller
ISUP
CCS N7
MEGACO
Media
Signaling GW
ISUP
CCS N7
MEGACO
Media
RTP
Media Gateway
16
ISUP
SIGTRAN
Call Control
Signaling GW
PSTN
H.323 Terminal
PSTN
Media Gateway
Monolithic Gateway
A monolithic gateway is used for example in an H.323 or SIP configuration. Here the terminal contains
both the media handling (coding, packetization, ...) and the call control function. A Gatekeeper or Proxy
Server is used for support functions only (Registration, address-translation, ...). The monolithic gateway
contains also the media handling and the call control.
Monolithic gateways are used to connect a PABX or a VPN via an Primary Rate Interface
(PRI) to an existing PSTN. Its also called a Voice Gateway.
Decomposed Gateway
A decomposed gateway separates the media and call control function. So the call control function is
located on a central instance, the Media Gateway Controller (MGC). The gateway covers only the media
handling (coding, packetization, ...). Its also called a Media Gateway.
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2 Gateway Functions
2.3 Codecs
i.e.
TDM Interface
i.e.
Packet Interface
DSP
... 01101100 10110100 01010101 ...
010100
101010
011011
CODEC
i.e. 64 kBit/s PCM Bitstream (G.711)
Codec
i.e. G.729 Packets (5,3/6,3kBit/s)

Name
Pulse Code Modulation

G.711
(PCM)
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
G.726
(ADPCM)
Low Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction
G.728
(LD-CELP)
G.729 / Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction
G.729A (CS-ACELP)
Multiple Maximum Likehood Quantizatition
G.723.1
(MPMLQ)
Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction
G.723
(ACELP)
17
Bitrate
MOS
56 / 64 kBit/s
4.1
16 - 40 kBit/s
3.85
16 kBit/s
3.61
8 kBit/s
3.92 /
3.7
6.3 kBit/s
3.9
5.3 kBit/s
3.65
Codecs (COder/DECoder)
A Codec is used for coding of a video or audio stream into packets used in the IP network.
The codec works bi-directional. So the codec transforms also received IP packets into a video- or audiostream.
G.711 PCM Code
The ITU G.711 Standard is used in nearly all PSTNs world-wide. It describes the Pulse Code
Modulation (PCM) with 64 kBit/s.
G723.1
Low Bitrate Codec originally developed for video telephony.

Silence suppression is possible.
G.729 / G.729A
Low Bit Rate Codec used for integrated speech and data applications. It is similar to G.723.1 but
less delay.
Silence suppression is possible.
Mean Opinion Score (MOS)
Usually technical procedures are used to measure the voice quality in a objective way. But these
mechanisms cant describe the real perception. So additionally a Mean Opinion Score is defined as an
average over a big number of individual opinions. The MOS ranges from 1 to 5.
Processor Power
The reduction of bitrate required processor power. So this parameter describes the effort that has to be
spend in the Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
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2 Gateway Functions
2.4 Silence Supression

Voice Activity Detection
Comfort Noise Generation
Data Network
PSTN
PSTN
without Voice Activity Detection

1101
1010
0000
0000
1111
1010
with Voice Activity Detection

1101
18
1010
1111
1010
Voice Activity Detection (VAD)

is a process used to identify presence or absence of speech data bits. The result can be used to reduce
the bandwidth for a communication channel in a data network. So in case of no speech information only
a no-information-but-still-alive indication is transmitted. This indication is send with one UDP packet
i.e. all 300 ms. Compared with one UDP packet all i.e. 30 ms for speech data there is a reduction of up
to 90% of bandwidth.
Comfort Noise Generation (CNG)
To avoid the feeling of a dead line during a running Voice Activity Detection in a no-data-phase on the
receiver side a quiet noise is generated.
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2 Gateway Functions
2.5 Fax Relay (T.38)
Data Network
PSTN
A
A
19
0100 1011 1100
PSTN
Fax Relay (T.38)
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A
A
2 Gateway Functions
2.6 Hairpinning
TDM Hairpinning
Media
Gateway
Controller
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
Controller
AN
Media Gateway
Controller
Media
Gateway
AN
TEX /
LEX
Media
Gateway
AN
AN
AN - Access Network
LEX - Local Exchange
TEX - Toll Exchange
IP Hairpinning (RTP Hairpinning)

Data Network 1
Data Network 2
Data Network
IP Telephone
IP Telephone
IP Telephone
Media Gateway
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Subscriber with
Call Forwarding
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IP Telephone
Media
Gateway
2 Gateway Functions
2.7 Session Border Control
Data Center of Voice

Application Service Providers
21
Law Enforcement
Requirements
Hosted IP Based Interactive

Communication Services (IC)
Critical Security
Peering Service
Provider Networks
Service Assurance
Applications for Session Border Control
Session Border Controllers (SBC)

is a new category of network equipment that provides critical control functions to enable high quality
interactive communications across IP network borders.
Session
A "session" is any real-time, interactive voice, video or multimedia communication using layer 5 IP
session signaling protocols such as SIP, H.323, MGCP or Megaco/H.248.
Border
The "border" is any IP-IP network border such as those between service provider and
customer/subscriber, or between two service providers.
Control
The "control" functions span security, service assurance and law enforcement requirements.
Applications for Session Border Controllers (SBC)
Peering service provider networks
Today many providers employ managed IP networks with softswitches and gateways. The next step
in this network evolution entails connecting these softswitch -gateway islands to expand
network reach and minimize PSTN termination costs. SBCs enable these VoIP providers to peer
networks for PSTN origination and termination, IP transit and, ultimately, IP termination and
origination.
Facilities-based providers offering hosted IP-based interactive communication (IC) services will
also benefit from the use of SBCs at the borders to their business and residential customers.
(voice, video, unified messaging, conferencing, gaming, IP-PBX transport)
Doorway to the data centers of voice applications service providers delivered to other retail
providers or directly to users.

(calling card, directory, messaging)
Across all of these applications, there are critical security, service assurance and
law enforcement requirements that must be satisfied.

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3 MEGACO Protocol
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3 MEGACO Protocol
3.1 MEGACO Network Elements
Media
Gateway
Controller
MEGACO
H.248
TCP
IP
MEGACO
#7
ISUP
PSTN
Ethernet
#7
ISUP
Sign GW
Sign GW
Data
Network
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
23
UDP
PSTN
Media
Gateway
Media gateway Control Protocol (MEGACO)

Is a Protocol between a Media Gateway Controller (MGC) and a Media Gateway (MG). It is used to control
Media Gateways (MG).
MEGACO covers thefunctionality to set up and release cross-connection between media streams in a
circuit-switched and packed-based network.
official industry-standard for Media Gateway Control Protocol
cooperation of IETF (Megaco RFC3015) and ITU-T (H.248 v1.0)

important component of Next Generation Network
(decomposed model)
RFC-3015
Competitive protocols: MGCP IETF only (RFC-2705)
Runs over TCP and UDP
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3 MEGACO Protocol
3.2 Definitions and Commands

Gateway
Context
PSTN
Data Network
Termination
Message
Add
Modify
Description
Addition of a termination to a context. The first add-message
creates a new context
Modification of features and signals of a termination.
Subtract
Removal of a termination from a context. Removing the last

termination causes the deletion of the context.
Move
Removal of a termination from a context and addition of this

termination to another context.
AuditValue
Requests information about features, events and signals of a

termination
AuditCapablities
Requests information about all possible features, events and

signals allowed for this termination
Notify
ServiceChange
24
Notification on events.
Notification on changes in the status of a termination,
also used for registration with an MGC
Termination
A termination is a logical entity that sources and/or sinks media and/or control streams (virtual or
logical)
Context
A context is an association between a number of terminations while a call is in progress.
Package
A package is a collection of properties, events, signals and statistics associated with a termination
Commands
Add: to place a termination in a context
Modify: to change the properties of a termination
Subtract: to remove a termination from a context
Move: to move a termination to another context (f.ex. Call Waiting)
Audit value: a query for all information about a (set of) termination(s)
Notify: allows the MG to inform MGC of the occurrence of an event (e.g. off-hook detected)
Service change: to register with MGC and to report change to MGC (e.g. termination out of
service/in service)
Audit capabilities: to audit the capabilities of MG
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3 MEGACO Protocol
3.3 Call Setup Scenario

Media Gateway
Controller
Local
Exchange
Local
Exchange
PSTN
Data Network
PSTN
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
1 Initial Address Message (IAM)

2 Add
3 Add-Reply
#7 ISUP
MEGACO
Speech, VoIP
6 Modify
4 Add
5 Add-Reply
7 Modify-Reply
9 Addr. Complete Message (ACM)
11 Answer Message (ANM)
Exchange of User Data
25
(1) The Media Gateway Controller (MGC) is notified by the Local Exchange (LEX) about a new call with
the ss7 message - Initial Address Message (IAM). This message contains important parameters as Called
Number, Calling Number, Circuit Identification Code (identification for the ds0 reserved for this call),
...
(2) Upon reception of this IAM, the MGC will generate an ADD REQUEST, requesting the Media Gateway
(MG) to create a context for this new call, and add a TDM termination link (=the reserved ds0) to the
newly created context. Physically, the MG will also allocate a DSP resource for the call.
With the same or a second ADD message, the MGC will request the MG to add an RTP termination to
the same context. When two terminations (a TDM and an RTP in this case) are placed in the same
context, they have the potential to exchange media. The MG will add an RTP termination to the
context, and set-up the DSP with the appropriate values (e.g. for codec, packetization time).
(3) The MG generates an ADD-REPLY to confirm that the TDM termination has been placed in the new
context, and a DSP resource has been allocated for the call. Also the RTP termination (IP address and
port number) are given back to the MGC.
(4) The routing in the MGC defines the terminating media gateway. Once determined, exactly the same
procedure as on the origination gateway is repeated. So the MGC generates in the next step an
ADD_REQUEST to request creation of a new context for this new call. This message contains a specific
TDM termination that identifies the outgoing TDM termination link (outgoing ds0).
The MG generates an RTP Termination, that is linked to the RTP IP address and port of the originating
MG. For the incoming RTP traffic an own IP address and port number will be created. After allocation
of an DSP both terminations are through connected.
(5)The ADD_REPLY message indicates the successful context allocation to the MGC. Furthermore the RTP
address information is given back to the MGC.
(6) This information has to be forwarded to the originating MG. Now both terminations can be through
connected.
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3 MEGACO Protocol
3.3 Call Setup Scenario [cont.]

Media Gateway
Controller
Local
Exchange
Local
Exchange
PSTN
Data Network
PSTN
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway

2 Add
3 Add-Reply
#7 ISUP
MEGACO
Speech, VoIP
6 Modify
4 Add
5 Add-Reply
7 Modify-Reply
Exchange of User Data
26
(7) The MG sends with the MODIFY-REPLY message a successful acknowledge back to the MGC.
(8) Now the MGC indicates to the terminating exchange the seizure of a trunk circuit with an INITIAL
ADDRESS MESSAGE (IAM).
(9) (12) All further messages in the call setup scenario will be transmitted via the MGC without any
messages to the gateways. So the ADDRESS COMPLETE MESSAGE (ACM) indicates the successful end to
end call setup. With the ANSWER MESSAGE (ANM) the conversation phase starts.
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4.1 Overview
M2PA
M2UA
M3UA
IUA
SUA
V5UA
SCTP
IUA - Q.921 User Adaptation Layer (ISDN)

M2PA - MTP2 User Peer-to-Peer Adaptation Layer
M2UA - MTP2 User Adaptation Layer
M3UA - MTP3 User Adaptation Layer
SCTP - Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SUA - SCCP User Adaptation Layer
V5UA - V5 User Adaptation Layer
IP
Ethernet, ATM, ...
28
SIGTRAN Model
SIGTRAN was developed by the IETF working group SIGTRAN and defines the control protocol between the
Signaling Gateway, Media Gateway Controllers and IP based Signaling Points. The Sigtran protocol
consists of a modular, extensible structure with a common reliable transport protocol used for all
signaling transport. The protocol transports message based signaling protocols messages, usually SS7,
transparently over IP networks.
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol is a reliable transport protocol operating on top of a
connectionless packet network such as IP. SCTP is designed to transport PSTN signaling messages over IP
networks, but is capable of broader applications.
It offers the following services to its users:
Acknowledged error-free non-duplicated transfer of user data.
Data fragmentation to conform to discovered path MTU size.
Sequenced delivery of user messages within multiple streams, with an option for order-ofarrival delivery of individual user messages.
Optional bundling of multiple-user messages into a single SCTP packet.
Network-level fault tolerance through supporting of multi-homing at either or both ends
of an association.
Signaling Functions in SIGTRAN
On top of SCTP there can be used different signaling applications depend on the network request. The
most important signaling applications are the following:
- M2UA - MTP2 User Adaptation Layer
- M3UA - MTP3 User Adaptation Layer
- IUA - Q.921 User Adaptation Layer
- SUA - SCCP User Adaptation Layer
- V5UA - V5 User Adaptation Layer
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4.1 Overview [cont.]
29
ISDN User Adaptation (IUA)

This layer provides functionality to transport ISDN signals from Switched Circuit Network (SCN) to IP network
by back-hauling the Q.921 user messages over SCTP (Stream Control Transport Protocol) as per the IETF
RFC 3057. IUA supports both ISDN Primary Rate access (PRA) as well as Basic Rate Access (BRA) including
the support for both point-to-point and point-to-multi-point modes of communication.
MTP2 User Peer-to-Peer Adaptation Layer (M2PA)
is a SIGTRAN protocol for transporting SS7 MTP Level 2 user part signaling messages (i.e. MTP Level 3) over
IP using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Unlike M2UA, M2PA is used to support full MTP
Level 3 message handling and network management between any two SS7 nodes communicating over an IP
network. IP signaling points function as traditional SS7 nodes using the IP network instead of the SS7
network. Each switched circuit or IP signaling point has an SS7 point code. The M2PA protocol layer provides
the same set of services as MTP Level 2 provides to MTP Level 3.
M2PA can be used between a signaling gateway and a media gateway controller, between a signaling
gateway and an IP signaling point, and between two IP signaling points. Signaling points may use M2PA
over IP or MTP Level 2 over standard SS7 links to send and receive MTP Level 3 messages.
MTP2 User Adaptation Layer (M2UA)
is a protocol defined by the IETF Sigtran Working Group for transporting SS7 MTP Level 2 user (i.e. MTP
Level 3) signaling messages over IP using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). The M2UA
protocol layer provides the equivalent set of services to its users as MTP Level 2 provides to MTP Level 3.
M2UA is used between the Signaling Gateway and Media Gateway Controller in VoIP networks. The
signaling gateway receives SS7 messages over an MTP Level 1 and Level 2 interface from a signaling end
point (SCP or SSP) or signal transfer point (STP) in the public switched telephone networks. The signaling
gateway terminates the SS7 link at MTP Level 2 and transports MTP Level 3 and above to a Media Gateway
Controller or other IP endpoint using M2UA over SCTP/IP. The signaling gateway maintains the Availability
State of all media gateway controllers to manage signaling traffic flows across active SCTP associations.
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MTP3 User Adaptation Layer (M3UA)
293 user signaling messages over IP using the Stream
is used for the transport of Signaling System 7 (SS7)Page
MTP
4.2 SIGTRAN IUA Example
PABX
Media Gateway
Softswitch
Q.931
Q.921
E1
Softswitch
Q.931
Q.921
E1
IUA
IUA
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
ATM, ...
ATM, ...
Data
Network
PABX
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode

IP - Internet Protocol
IUA - Q.921 User Adaptation Layer (ISDN)
SCTP - Stream Control Transmission Protocol
PABX - Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PRI - Primary Rate Interface
Q.921 - ISDN Layer 2 Protocol
Q.931 - ISDN Layer 3 Protocol
30
PRI
(30B+D)
Media Gateway
with SIGTRAN
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SIGTRAN
(IUA)
5 Summary
31
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5 Summary
5.1 Gateway Applications

SCP/OSP Application Server
3rd party Application Server
Media gateway
controller
PSTN
LEX
TDM-TDM
Hairpinning
Alcatel
7510 MG
DLC Access
DLC
LEX
SGW
LEX
VoIP Trunking
VoPacket
Backbone
Alcatel
7510 MG
IP Hairpinning
Alcatel
7510 MG
VoIP
Termination
PBX
Access
32
LEX
Packet2Packet
Gateway
Alcatel
7510 MG
PBX
IP Phones
PSTN
IP-PBX
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VoPacket
Backbone
DLC Digital Loop Carrier
LEX Local Exchange
PBX Private Branch Exchange
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
Abbreviations and Acronyms

#
A
AGW
AN
ATM
Access Gateway
Access Node
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
B
BGW
Border Gateway
P
PABX
PCM
PRI
PSTN
Q
C
CNG
Comfort Noise Generation
CODEC CODer/DECoder
D
DLC
DSP
DSS
Digital Loop Carrier

Digital Signal Processor
Digital Subscriber Signaling
E
F
G
33
Interconnection Border Control Function

Internet Engineering Task Force
Internet Protocol
IP Telephony
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN User Part
International Telecommunications Union
ISDN User Adaptation Layer
Residential Gateway
Real-Time Transport Protocol
S
SBC
SGW
SIGTRAN
SLA
Session Border Control

Signaling Gateway
Signaling Transport
Service Level Agreement
Transmission Control Protocol
Time Division Multiplex
Tall Exchange
Trunking Gateway
U
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
V
VAD
VoIP
Voice Activity Detection

Voice over IP
W
X
Y
Z
K
L
LEX
R
RGW
RTP
T
TCP
TDM
TEX
TGW
H
I
IBCF
IETF
IP
IPT
ISDN
ISUP
ITU-T
IUA
Private Automatic Branch Exchange

Pulse Code Modulation
Primary Rate Interface
Public Switched Telephone Network
Local Exchange
M
M2PA
MTP Level 2 Peer to Peer Adaptation Layer
M2UA
MTP Level 2 Adaptation Layer
MGC
Media Gateway Controller
MGW
Media Gateway
MOS
Mean Opinion Score
N
NGN
Next Generation Network
O
3FL 36201 AAAA WBZZA Ed. 02P01.02/2008
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Media Gateway Basics

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Media Gateway Basics

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Table of Contents [cont.]

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Media Gateway Basics

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1.1 Voice over IP (VoIP) and NGN

Voice Communication between IP Devices

Voice Communication between Networks

Data Networks to replace Long Distance Exchanges

Border Gateway Application

Data Networks to replace Local Exchanges

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1.2 IP Telephony (IPT)

Data Network SIP

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1.3 Class 4 Application

MEGACO Media Gateway Control Protocol

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1.4 Border Gateway

IBCF - Interconnection Border Control Function

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1.5 Class 5 Application

IAD Integrated Access Device

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1.6 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

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2.1 Classification of Gateways

- Packet to Packet Gateways