Socials 11 Chapter 13 Study Guide

Vocabulary:
Deforestation: the process of destroying a forest
and replacing it with something else
Global Warming: the observed and projected
increase in the Earths average temperature due to
burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
Acid Precipitation: any form of precipitation thats
high in sulphuric acid and nitric acids as a result of
pollution in the air
CO2 Emissions: Carbon dioxide emissions caused
by burning of fossil fuels; largest contributor to
global warming
Groundwater: water beneath Earths surface in
underground streams and other forms
Aquifer: An underground layer of rock. Gravel,
etc., from which water can be drawn for wells and
which is a source off springs

Greenhouse Gases (GHG): Various gases in the

atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation,
including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
and zone
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV): Invisible rays from the
sun that can cause skin cancer
Ozone Layer: a thin layer of ozone in the
atmosphere 15 to 30 kilometers above earth; the
ozone layer filters the suns ultraviolet rays
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons): chemicals used in
coolants, solvents, and aerosol cans that damage
the ozone layer
Montral Protocol: an international agreement
signed in 1987 to phase out the ozone-depleting
chemicals CFCs
Kyoto Protocol: an international agreement that
sets binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions; the average target is 5 percent of 1990
levels by 2008-2012

Important Questions:
1.) How are resources, the environment, and human populations interconnected?
Human populations are taking advantage of Earths resources, and due to these actions we are now
facing an environmental crisis. This includes global warming, and a depletion of the ozone layer.
2.) What is sustainable development?
A way to maintain economic growth without damaging the environment.
3.) What are the environmental threats to water resources and how might they be addressed?
Environmental threats include wastewater from municipalities being dumped into lakes, rivers and
oceans, surface water pollution, abusing underwater resources, and the spread of the watermilfoil
weed. In order to address these issues we must become more aware of where we are dumping our
wastes, and how much water we are consuming.
4.) What is global warming?
A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earths atmosphere, generally attributed to the
greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbon, and other
pollutants.

5.) How are human activities affecting the atmosphere and the ozone layer?
Through the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) has done 80% damage to our ozone layer. The
industrial and chemical contaminants released from industries is causing the hole in the ozone to
widen.
6.) How has the international community responded to ozone depletion?
The countries involved in the Montreal Protocol came together in 1987 to eliminate the use of CFCs.
They then met again to eliminate HCFCs in 2007. This was all done in response to the ozone
depletion.
7.) How has the international community responded to climate change?
The international community has made an effort to come together and agree on a replacement for the
Kyoto Protocol. The agreement was made and called the Bali Road Map, encouraging countries to
cooperate to fight climate change.