Chem 315 - Lab 6 - Simple and Fractional Distilation

Experiment:
Date:
Simple and Fractional Distillation

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of simple and fractional
distillation in separating mixtures of organic compounds based on differences in boiling points.
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Approach:
Perform Simple and fractional distillation using a Vigreux Fractionation Column on a mixture of Ethyl
acetate and Butyl acetate with an unknown mole %. Compute the total volume recovered and percent
volume recovered relative to the starting volume. Construct a bar graph comparing the two methods of
distillation. Compute the masses of Ethyl acetate and Butly acetate. Compute the moles of Ethyl acetate
and Butyl acetate. Calculate the total moles present in the mixture. Calculate the mole fractions of each
component in the mixture. Calculate the mole percentage for each component of the mixture. Using the
gas chromatograph, run a chromatogram of a standard equimolar mixture of the two compounds. From
the chromatograph, compute the peak areas, total peak area, mole fraction and mole percents of
distillates. Measure the refractive indexes of the isolated Ethyl acetate and Butyl acetate using the Abbe
refractometer. Adjust raw refractive index values using the temperature correction factor.
References
Text
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S., Engel, .G.R., 2011, Introduction to Organic Laboratory
Techniques, A Small Scale Approach, GMU Edition, Chem 315/318, Cengage Learning: pp. 729-740
Slayden, S., Stalick, W., Roth, R, 2014, Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition:
Pearson Custom Publishing: pp. 55-59
Web Site URL
Dr Schornicks Website: http:/mason.gmu.edu/~jschorni/simple&fractionaldist
Unknown or Synthesized Compound
Ethyl acetate, 141-78-6, CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 84th Edition, Lide, D.R., Editorin-chief, 2003-2004, CRC Press, p 3-250, 4871.
Butyl acetate, 123-86-4, CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 84th Edition, Lide, D.R., Editorin-chief, 2003-2004, CRC Press, p 3-80, 1487.
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc # 1

Materials
11/10/25
Unknown
molarity ethyl
acetate/butyl acetate
mixture A
Equipment
Heating
Block
Heating
Plate
50 mL
Distillation Flask
Aluminum
plate
Sand bath
Teflon
boiling chip
Distillation
Head
Thermomet
er
Thermomet
er Adapter
Water
Jacket Condenser
2 10 mL
graduated
cylinders
3 labeled
vials with sealing
caps
Desc:
Place 20 mL of mixture in 50 mL round

bottom flask
Heat the mixture gently on a hot plate
Collect distillate in a 10 mL graduated

cylinder until the temperature rises to 65oC.
Record volume of distillate.
Collect volumes of distillate in 5oC

increments, until temperature reaches 95oC
recording the volume of distillate collected for
each increment.
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Unk No. A

Volume (mL)
o
Temp ( C)
Simple
Fractional
0-65
0
0
65-70
0
0
70-75
0.5
0
75-80
3.1
0
80-85
1.2
0
85-90
3.1
0
90-95
2.6
0.7
Vol Vial 1:
10.5
0.7
o
Vial 1 = distillate up to 95 C (Mostly EtAc
B.P.=77.1oC)
Temp (oC)
Simple
95-100
2.0
100-105
0.8
Vol Vial 2:
2.8
Vial 2 = distillate from 95-105oC
Temp (oC)
105-110
110-115
115-120
120-125
125-130
Pot Residue
Vol Vial 3:
Simple
0.5
0.3
1.9
1.6
1.6
0
5.9
Fractional
1.0
4.2
5.2
Fractional
4.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.1
6.0
11.1
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Record the total volume collected.

Transfer the volume collected from 0oC95oC to the first labeled vial.
Continue to collect distillate in 5 degree

increments from 95oC to 105oC.
Record the total volume collected.
Transfer to the second labeled vial.
Increase the temperature of the hotplate
Continue to collect distillate in 5oC

increments until 1mL of solution remains in the
distillation flask
Allow solution remaining in the

distillation head and column to cool and drain
back into the distillation flask.
Transfer this pot residue to a 10mL

graduated cylinder. Record volume and
transfer to the third labeled vial.
Repeat procedure adding the Vigreux

column between the distillation flask and the
distillation head to perform fractional
distillation with the solution.
Do not distill to dryness (1mL should

remain in the flask when distillation is complete)
Equation Setup:
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Vial 3 =distillate above 105oC (Mostly BuAc

B.P.=126.0oC)
Observations
Pot residue that remained after simple

distillation was negligible (less than 1mL)
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc # 2
Total Volume Recovered
Materials
Desc:
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Equipment
11/10/25
Calculator
Compute the total volume recovered by

adding.
Equation Setup:
Total Volume Recovered (mL) = Vol Vial 1 + Vol
Vial 2 + Vol Vial 3

Simple
Fractional
Vol Vial 1
10.5 mL
0.7mL
Vol Vial 2
2.8 mL
5.2 mL
Vol Vial 3
5.9 mL
11.1 mL
Total
19.2 mL
17.0 mL
Initial
20.0 mL
20.0 mL
Lost
0.8 mL
3.0 mL
Simple
Total (mL) = 10.5 + 2.8 + 5.9 = 19.2
Lost = 20.0 19.2 = 0.8
Fractional
Total (mL) =0.7 + 5.2 + 11.1 = 17.0
Lost = 20.0 -17.0 = 3.0
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #5
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Percent Volume Recovered

Materials
Desc:
11/10/25
Results
Equipment
Calculator
Compute percent volume recovered for

each of the fractional volumes collected for the
simple and fractional distillations of the
mixture.
Equation Setup:
Vial 1
Vial 2
Vial 3
Total
Percent Volume Recovered

Simple
Fractional
Vol (mL)
%
Vol (mL)
%
10.5
54.7
0.7
4.1
2.8
14.6
5.2
30.6
5.9
30.7
11.1
65.3
19.2
17.0
Simple
Vial 1
(10.5 / 19.2) * 100 = 54.7%
Vial 2
(2.8 / 19.2) * 100 = 14.6%
Vial 3
(5.9 / 19.2) * 100 = 30.7%
Fractional
Vial 1
(0.7 / 17) * 100 = 4.1%
Vial 2
(5.2 / 17) * 100 = 30.6%
Vial 3
(11.1 / 17) * 100 = 65.3%
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #6
Materials
Equipment
Calculato
Desc:
Determine total volumes
recovered for specified temperature
ranges by computing the sum of the
fractional volumes.
Equation Setup:
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
11/10/25
Total Volume Recovered:Simple

Temperature (Co)
Volume (mL)
0-95
10.5
95-105
2.8
105-130
5.9
Total
19.2
Total Volume Recovered:Fractional
Temperature (Co)
Volume (mL)
0-95
0.7
95-105
5.2
105-130
11.1
Total
17.0
Simple
0-95oC
0.5 + 3.1 + 1.2 + 3.1 + 2.6 = 10.5mL
95-105 oC
2.0 + 0.8 = 2.8mL
105-130 oC
0.5 + 0.3 + 1.9 + 1.6 + 1.6 = 5.9mL
Fractional
0-95oC
0.7 = 0.7mL
95-105 oC
1.0 + 4.2 = 5.2mL
105-130 oC
4.1 + 0.2 + 0.5 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 6.0 = 11.1mL
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc
# 2
Bar Graph
Results
Materials
Equipment
Ca
lculator
Desc:
Plot results of
simple and fractional
distillations in a bar
graph with temperature
increments on the x-axis
and volume increments
on the y-axis
Equation Setup:
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #7
11/10/25
Mass of Compounds
Materials
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Equipment
Drawer No.
Mass of Compounds
Simple
Calculat
or
Desc:
Assume vials 1 and 2 represent

Ethyl acetate.
Assume vial 3 represents Butyl

acetate
Calculate the mass of each

compound collected from the respective
volumes and densities of each
compound
Equation Setup:
Vol EtAc = Vial 1 (mL) + Vial 2 (mL)

Vol BuAc = Vial 3 (mL)
EtAc
BuAc
Density
(g/mL)
0.9006
0.8825
Fractional
Vol (mL)
Mass (g)
Vol (mL)
Mass (g)
13.3
5.9
11.98
5.21
5.9
11.1
5.31
9.80
Simple
Vol EtAc = 10.5 + 2.8 = 13.3mL
Vol BuAc = 5.9mL
Mass EtAc = 0.9006 * 13.3 = 11.98g
Mass BuAc = 0.8825 * 5.9 = 5.21g
Fractional
Vol EtAc = 0.7 + 5.2 = 5.9mL
Vol BuAc = 11.1mL
Mass EtAc = 0.9006 * 5.9 = 5.31g
Mass BuAc = 0.8825 * 11.1 = 9.80g
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #8
11/10/25
Moles of Compounds
Materials
Calculator
Desc:
Compute the moles of each compound

using their masses and molecular weights
Equation Setup:
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Equipment
Drawer No.
EtAc
BuAc
Moles of Compounds
Simple
Fractional
M.W.
Mass
Mass (g) Mol
Mol
(g/mol)
(g)
88.11
11.98
0.136
5.31
0.062
116.16
5.21
0.045
9.80
0.084
Simple
Mol EtAc = 11.98 / 88.11 = 0.136mol
Mol BuAc = 5.21 / 116.16 = 0.045mol
Fractional
Mol EtAc = 5.31 / 88.11 = 0.062mol
Mol BuAc = 9.80 / 116.16 = 0.084mol
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #9
11/10/25
Total Moles
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Materials
Equipment
Calculator
Desc:
Compute the total moles in the two

fractions
Equation Setup:
EtAc (mol)
BuAc (mol)
Total
Total Moles
Simple
0.136
0.045
0.181
Simple
Total = 0.136 + 0.45 = 0.181mol
Fractional
Total = 0.062 + 0.084 = 0.146mol
Fractional
0.062
0.084
0.146
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #10
Mole Fraction
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Materials
11/10/25
Equipment
Calculator
Desc:
Computed by dividing the total moles for

each compound respectively by the total
combined moles for each distillation.
Fractional representation of the number

of moles of each compound that resulted from
each distillation
Equation Setup:
EtAc (mol)
BuAc (mol)
Total Mol
Fract. EtAc
Fract. BuAc
Mole Fraction
Simple
0.136
0.045
0.181
0.751
0.249
Fractional
0.062
0.084
0.146
0.425
0.575
Simple
Mol Fraction EtAc = 0.136 / 0.181 = 0.751
Mol Fraction BuAc = 0.045 / 0.181 = 0.249
Fractional
Mol Fraction EtAc = 0.062 / 0.146 = 0.425
Mol Fraction BuAc = 0.084 / 0.146 = 0.575
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #11
11/10/25
Mole Percent
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Materials
Equipment
Calculator
Desc:
Compute by multiplying the mole

fraction for each compound by 100 for each
distillation
Equation Setup:
EtAc
BuAc
Mol % EtAc
Mol % BuAc
Mole Percent
Simple
0.751
0.249
75.1
24.9
Simple
Mole % EtAc = 0.751 * 100 = 75.1%
Mole % BuAc = 0.249 * 100 = 24.9%
Fractional
Mole % EtAc = 0.425 * 100 = 42.5%
Mole % BuAc = 0.575 * 100 = 57.5%
Fractional
0.425
0.575
42.5
57.5
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #12
Gas Chromatography
Materials
Equipment
2L
Gas
Standard ether
chromatography
sample
Microsyrin
2L Of each
ge
vial collected for
simple and fractional
distillations
Desc:
Begin a new chromatogram.
Rinse the microsyringe several times

with the sample solution.
Insert the syringe into the sample

solution and raise and depress the plunger
several times to remove any air bubbles from
the syringe.
Load the microsyringe with a small

amount of sample (2L).
Insert the syringe into the

chromatograph port through the rubber
septum.
Quickly inject the sample and

withdraw the syringe from the port
Wait approximately 5 minutes to

allow the sample to be analyzed.
Print resulting chromatogram.
Rinse the syringe with the sample

solution several times.
Repeat steps with additional samples.

Equation Setup:
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Instrument Readings
Injection port temp.
120oC
Column temp.
120oC
Detector temp.
120oC
Chart Speed
25.0mm/min
Gas flow rate
10 mL/min (He @ 7PSI)
Moving liquid phase
Supelco Carbowax 20m, 6 ft
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc #13
11/10/25
Peak Areas
Materials
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Equipment
Peak Areas-Standard Soln.

Chromatogra
Calcula
Peak
Height (mm)
Peak Area (mm2)
(mm)
ms for standard
tor
C2
176
5
88
solution, sample
C4
149
7
104
solution A, and
simple and
AreaC4 = 149 * 7= 104
fractional vials.
AreaC2 = 176 * 5 = 880
Desc:
Measure the height of the peak (in

Peak Areas
mm.) from the baseline
Pea
Measure the width of the peak at

Sample
Height (mm)
Peak Area (mm2)
(mm)
k
half the height
C2
90.0
5.0
450.0
A
Multiply the two measurements to

C4
69.0
6.0
414.0
C2
57.5
3.0
172.5
determine the peak areas.
S1
C4
9.0
2.5
22.5
Equation Setup:
C2
117.0
6.0
702.0
Simple
S2
Where h = peak height from baseline and

=
width of peak at the peak height:
S1, S2, S3 = Samples for Simple Distillation
Fractional
S3
F1
F2
F3
C4
C2
C4
C2
C4
C2
C4
C2
C4
49.5
20.0
124.5
0
0
123.5
9.0
93.0
128.0
Sample A
AreaC2 = 90.0 * 5.0 = 450.0mm2
AreaC4 = 69.0 * 6.0 = 414.0mm2
F1, F2, F3 = Samples for Fractional

Distillation
Simple S1
AreaC2 = 57.5 * 3.0 = 172.5mm2
C2 = EtAc
C4 = BuAc
AreaC4 = 9.0 * 2.5 = 22.5mm2

Simple S2
AreaC2 = 117.0 * 6.0 = 702.0mm2
AreaC4 = 49.5 * 9.0 = 445.5mm2
9.0
4.5
6.0
0
0
6.0
7.0
4.0
5.5
445.5
90.0
747.0
0
0
741.0
63.0
372.0
704.0
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Simple S3
AreaC2 = 20.0 * 4.5 = 90.0mm2
AreaC4 = 124.5 * 6.0 = 747.0mm2
Fractional F1
Evaporated
Fractional F2
AreaC2 = 123.5 * 6.0 = 741.0mm2
AreaC4 = 9.0 * 7.0 = 63.0mm2
Fractional F3
AreaC2 = 93.0 * 4.0 = 372.0mm2
AreaC4 = 128.0 * 5.5 = 704.0mm2
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Adjusted Peak Areas

Equipment
Calculator
Desc:
Thermal response factors (TR) are

computed as ratios of the areas of one peak in
the known mixture (base peak) to the area of
each of the other peaks in the mixture
There must be at least two similar

compounds in the known and unknown
mixtures
TR values will be calculated from the

areas under the peaks in the standard equimolar
mixture.
Equation Setup:
Thermal Response Factor
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Adjusted Peak Areas

Standard
A
Simple
Materials
Drawer No.
Results
S1
S2
S3
Fractional
Proc #14
11/10/25
F1
F2
TR2 = AreaC2 / AreaC2

Where TR2 represents the Thermal Response factor
for Ethyl acetate and AreaC2 represents the peak
area for Ethyl acetate for the standard equimolar
solution.
TR4 = AreaC2 / AreaC4
Where TR4 represents the Thermal Response factor
for Butyl acetate, AreaC2 represent the peak area for
Ethyl acetate for the standard equimolar solution,
and AreaC4 represents the peak area for Butyl
acetate for the standard equimolar solution.
F3
Peak Area (mm2)

TRs/TRi=As/Ai (s=C2 )
Peak Area (mm2)
A1/As
(s=C2)
Peak Area (mm2)
A1/As
(s=C2)
Peak Area (mm2)
A1/As
(s=C2)
Peak Area (mm2)
A1/As
(s=C2)
Peak Area (mm2)
A1/As
(s=C2)
Peak Area (mm2)
A1/As
(s=C2)
Peak Area (mm2)
A1/As
(s=C2)
C2
88
1.0
450.0
C4
104
0.85
414.0
450.0
351.9
172.5
22.5
172.5
19.1
702.0
445.5
702.0
378.7
90.0
747.0
90.0
635.0
741.0
63.0
741.0
53.6
372.0
704.0
372.0
598.4
Standard Solution (Gas Chromatography of

Acetates Experiment):
TR2 = AreaC2 / AreaC2 = 88 / 88 = 1.0mm2
TR4 = AreaC2 / AreaC4 = 88 / 104 = 0.85mm2
Sample A:
AreaC2(adj) = AreaC2 * TR2 = 450.0 * 1.0 = 450.0mm2
Adjusted Peak Areas

AreaC2(adj) = AreaC2 * TR2
Where AreaC2(adj) represents the adjusted peak area
for Ethyl acetate, AreaC2 represents the peak area
for Ethyl acetate with respect to the chromatogram
specified, and TR2 represents the Thermal Response
factor calculated for Ethyl acetate from the
S1:
S2:
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
standard equimolar solution.

AreaC4(adj) = AreaC4 * TR4
Where AreaC4(adj) represents the adjusted peak area
for Butyl acetate, AreaC4 represents the peak area
for Butyl acetate with respect to the chromatogram
specified, and TR4 represents the Thermal Response
factor calculated for Butyl acetate from the
standard equimolar solution.
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204

S3:
F2:
F3:
AreaC2(adj) = AreaC2 * TR2 = 372.0 *1.0 = 372.0mm2
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Total Peak Area
Results
Desc:
Equipment
Total Peak Areas
Calculator
The areas of gas chromatogram peaks

are proportional to the molarity of the
compound.
Varying thermal conductivity based on

the structure and substituent groups of different
compound causes deviations in this relationship
Determined from the adjusted peak areas

and add them to determine the total peak area
Equation Setup:
Add adjusted peak area values calculated for each
of the components of the solution to determine the
total peak area.
Sample
Simple
Materials
Fractional
Proc # 15
11/10/25
A
S1
S2
S3
F1
F2
F3
C2
C4
450.0
172.5
702.0
90.0
351.9
19.1
378.7
635.0
801.9
191.6
1080.7
725.0
0
741.0
0
53.6
0
794.6
372.0
598.4
970.4
A = 450.0 + 351.9 = 801.9

S1 = 172.5 + 19.1 = 191.6
S2 = 702.0 + 378.7 = 1080.7
S3 = 90.0 + 635.0 = 725.0
F1 = 0
F2 = 741.0 + 53.6 = 794.6
F3 = 372.0 + 598.4 = 970.4
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc#16
11/10/25
Mole Fraction
Materials
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Equipment
C2
(mol)
Mole Fractions
C4
Total
Fraction C2
(mol)
(mol)
450.0
351.9
801.9
S1
172.5
19.1
191.6
S2
702.0
378.7
1080.7
Equation Setup:
S3
90.0
63.5
725.0
Mole Fraction:
F1
F2
741.0
53.6
794.6
0.9325
0.0662
F3
372.0
598.4
970.4
0.3834
0.6166
Calc
ulator
Computed by
dividing the individual
adjusted peak areas by the
sum of the adjusted peak
areas in the chromatogram.
Where areai represents a

component of the mixture and
represents the adjusted
total peak area
Fraction C2 = C2/ Total
Fraction C4 = C4/Total
C2 = Ethyl acetate
C4 = Butyl acetate
Fractional
Simple
Desc:
Sample A:
Fraction C2 = 450.0 / 801.9 = 0.5612
Fraction C4 = 351.9 / 801.9 = 0.4388
S1:
Fraction C2 = 172.5 / 191.6 = 0.9003
Fraction C4 = 19.1 / 191.6 = 0.0997
S2:
Fraction C2 = 702.0 / 1080.7 = 0.6496
Fraction C4 = 378.7 / 1080.7 = 0.3504
S3:
Fraction C2 = 90.0 / 725.0 = 0.1241
Fraction C4 = 63.5/ 725.0 = 0.0875
F1:
Fraction C2 = 0
Fraction C4 = 0
F2:
Fraction C2 -= 741.0 / 794.6 = 0.9325
Fraction C4
0.5612
0.4388
0.9003
0.0997
0.6496
0.3504
0.1241
0.0875
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Fraction C4 = 52.6 / 794.6 = 0.0662
F3:
Fraction C2 = 372.0 / 970.4 = 0.3834
Fraction C4 = 598.4 / 970.4 = 0.6166
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
Proc # 17
11/10/25
Mole Percent
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Results
Materials
Equipment
Mole Percent
Calculator
Desc:
A
Simple
S1
S2
S3
Fractional
Computed by multiplying the Mole

fraction values by 100.
Represents the percentage of moles of a

component that is present in a compound.
Equation Setup:
Drawer No.
F1
F2
F3
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
EtAc
BuAc
Mole
Fraction
0.5612
0.4388
0.9003
0.0997
0.6496
0.3504
0.1241
0.0875
0
0
0.9325
0.0662
0.3834
0.6166
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
x 100 =
Mole %
56
44
90
10
65
35
12
9
0
0
93
7
38
62
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Summary of Results:
The total recovered volumes for simple and fractional distillation were 19.2mL and 17.0 mL respectively.
The percent volumes recovered for simple distillation were as follows: 54.7% for vial 1, 14.6% for vial 2,
and 30.7% for vial 3. The percent volumes recovered for fractional distillation were as follows: 4.1% for
vial 1, 30.6% for vial 2, and 65.3% for vial 3. The volumes recovered for simple distillation by
temperature range were as follows: 10.5mL from 0-95oC, 2.8mL from 95-105oC, and 5.9mL from 105130oC. The volumes recovered for fractional distillation by temperature range were as follows: 0.7mL
from 0-95oC, 5.2mL from 95-105oC, and 11.1mL from 105-130oC. The masses of Ethyl acetate computed
from the density and the volumes recovered for simple distillation and fractional distillation were 11.98g
and 5.31g respectively. The masses of Butyl acetate computed from the density and the volumes recovered
for simple distillation and fractional distillation were 5.21g and 9.80g respectively. The moles of Ethyl
acetate computed from the masses recovered for simple and fractional distillation were 0.136mol and
0.062mol respectively. The moles of Butyl acetate computed from the masses recovered for simple and
fractional distillation were 0.045mol and 0.084mol respectively. The total moles recovered for simple and
fractional distillation were 0.181mol and 0.146mol respectively. The mole fractions for Ethyl acetate
recovered from simple and fractional distillation were 0.751 and 0.425 respectively. The mole fractions
for Butyl acetate recovered from simple and fractional distillation were 0.249 and 0.575 respectively. The
mole percents for Ethyl acetate for simple and fractional distillation were 75.1% and 42.5% respectively.
The mole percents for Butyl acetate for simple and fractional distillation were 24.9% and 57.5%
respectively. The peak areas calculated for sample A were as follows: C2=450.0mm and C4=414.0mm.
The peak areas calculated for S1 were as follows: C2=172.5mm and C4=22.5mm. The peak areas
calculated for S2 were as follows: C2=702.0mm and C4=445.5mm. The peak areas calculated for S3 were
as follows: C2=90.0mm and C4=747.0mm. The peak areas calculated for F2 were as follows: C2=741.0mm
and C4=63.0mm. The peak areas calculated for F3 were as follows: C2=372.00mm and C4=704.0mm. The
thermal adjustment factors calculated from the standard equimolar mixture were as follows: TRC2=1.0
and TRC4=0.85. The adjusted peak areas for sample A were as follows: C2=450.0 and C4=351.9. The
adjusted peak areas for S1 were as follows: C2=172.5 and C4=19.1. The adjusted peak areas for S2 were
as follows: C2=702.0 and C4=378.7. The adjusted peak areas for S3 were as follows: C2=90.0 and
C4=635.0. The adjusted peak areas for F2 were as follows: C2=741.0 and C4=53.6. The adjusted peak
areas for F3 were as follows: C2=372.0 and C4=598.4. The total peak areas calculated were as follows:
Sample A=801.9, S1=191.6, S2=1080.7, S3=725.0, F2=794.6, F3=970.4. The Mole fractions for Ethyl
acetate calculated from the adjusted peak areas were as follows: Sample A=0.5612, S1=0.9003, S2=0.6496,
S3=0.1241, F2=0.9325, and F3=0.3834. The Mole fractions for Butyl acetate calculated from the adjusted
peak areas were as follows: Sample A=0.0997, S1=, S2=0.3504, S3=0.0875, F2=0.0662, and F3=0.6166.
The mole percents for Ethyl Acetate were as follows: Sample A=56%, S1=90%, S2=65%, S3=12%,
F2=93%, and F3=38%. The mole percents for Butyl Acetate were as follows: Sample A=44%, S1=10%,
S2=35%, S3=9%, F2=7%, and F3=62%.
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Analysis & Conclusions:

Simple distillation involves a single cycle of vaporization and condensation, thus producing an impure
product due to incomplete separation of the components of the mixture unless the boiling points of the
components differ by a minimum of 100oC. To produce relatively pure separation would require
multiple distillations and is an impractical approach. Because the boiling points of Ethyl Acetate and
Butyl acetate only differ by 48.9oC (EtAc B.P.=77.1oC; BuAc B.P. =126.0oC) thus it is expected simple
distillation is not likely an effective method for separating these compounds and that fractional
distillation will produce the most accurate results.
Fractional Distillation is similar to simple distillation, but requires the use of a Vigreux Column, which
achieves the same result as performing multiple vaporization/condensation cycles with multiple simple
distillations. This produces a more clean separation of the components in a mixture when the boiling
points of its components are less than 100oC apart.
The quantity of distillate collected in the second fraction (95-105oC) although well above the boiling
point of Ethyl acetate was considered to consist mostly of ethyl acetate. This fraction collected via
simple distillation was substantially smaller (2.8mL) and according to gas chromatography consisted of
65% Ethyl acetate and 35% Butyl acetate, whereas the composition of the same fraction collected via
fractional distillation was 93% Ethyl acetate and 7% Butyl acetate and was substantially larger in
volume (5.2mL).
The bar graph of temperature vs time for the simple distillation shows many peaks, suggesting that
both compounds were distilled arbitrarily throughout the distillation process across many
temperatures. This is characteristic of simple distillation with a mixture consisting compounds with
boiling points that are <100oC apart.
The plot for fractional distillation should have displayed distinct sharp peaks at or very close to the
boiling points of the two compounds (EtAc 77oC; BuAc 126oC). The plot showed two prominent peaks,
but at a temperature much higher than the boiling point of EtAc and much lower than the boiling
point of BuAc (100-105; 105-110). The first fraction collected in the fractional procedure was so small
that it evaporated between week one and week two, so it could not be analyzed by gas chromatography.
The other two fractions were analyzed, and both displayed trailing peaks. This could be due to errors
in loading the column during gas chromatography injection.
Mole percent values for unstilled compound A computed from gas chromatogram peak areas suggests
that the composition of the mixture is 56% Ethyl Acetate and 44% Butyl acetate. Neither the mole
percent values calculated from the simple nor fractional distillations were near these values (Simple:
EtAc=75.1%, BuAc=24.9%; Fractional: EtAc=42.5%, BuAc-57.5%) The second fraction from the
simple distillation procedure was the only fraction that was close to the composition of the mixture (S2:
EtAc=65%, BuAc=35%).
Theoretically, due to the difference in boiling points between Ethyl acetate and Butyl acetate (<100 oC)
and the nature of the two distillation procedures, fractional distillation should have produced a more
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
pure separation of the two compounds. In actuality, neither procedure was effective in separating the
components to a reasonable degree of purity. The errors that occurred during these procedures could
be due to a number of variables including the thermal inefficiency of the glassware, improper
placement of the thermometer (which would cause the fractions to be collected inaccurately), distilling
to dryness, and distilling the mixture too quickly.
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204
Literature Summary (Unknowns, Synthesized Compounds)

Unknown No.
CAS No.
Name (IUPAC)
141-78-6
123-86-4
Ethyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Synonyms
Acetic acid ethyl

ester; Acetic ether;
Acetoxyethane;
Ethyl Acetic Ester;
Ethyl ethanoate
Melting Point
(oC)
Lit -83.8oC
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
-77.0oC
Lit
Exp
Boiling Point
(oC)
Lit 77.1oC
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
126.0oC
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit
Exp
1.394120
Lit
Exp
Refractive Index Lit 1.372320

(nD20)
Exp
1-Acetoxybutane,
Butyl ethanoate
Solubility
(Rel to Water)
Lit soluble
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit slightly soluble

Exp
Lit
Exp
Density
Rel to Water
Lit 0.900320g/cm-3
Exp
Lit
Exp
Lit 0.882520g/cm-3
Exp
Lit
Exp
Molecular
Formula
Structural
Formula
C4H8O2
C6H12O2
Experiment:
Date:

Name
Partners
Katheryn Soto
N/A
11/10/25
Drawer No.
Course / Section
#21
CHEM
315/204

Chem 315 - Lab 6 - Simple and Fractional Distilation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chem 315 - Lab 6 - Simple and Fractional Distilation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment:

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Place 20 mL of mixture in 50 mL round

Heat the mixture gently on a hot plate

Collect distillate in a 10 mL graduated

Collect volumes of distillate in 5oC

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Record the total volume collected.

Continue to collect distillate in 5 degree

Record the total volume collected.

Transfer to the second labeled vial.

Increase the temperature of the hotplate

Continue to collect distillate in 5oC

Allow solution remaining in the

Transfer this pot residue to a 10mL

Repeat procedure adding the Vigreux

Do not distill to dryness (1mL should

Vial 3 =distillate above 105oC (Mostly BuAc

Pot residue that remained after simple

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Total Volume Recovered

Compute the total volume recovered by

Total Volume Recovered

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Percent Volume Recovered

Compute percent volume recovered for

Percent Volume Recovered

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Total Volume Recovered

Total Volume Recovered:Simple

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Assume vials 1 and 2 represent

Assume vial 3 represents Butyl

Calculate the mass of each

Vol EtAc = Vial 1 (mL) + Vial 2 (mL)

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Compute the moles of each compound

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Compute the total moles in the two

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Computed by dividing the total moles for

Fractional representation of the number

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Compute by multiplying the mole

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Begin a new chromatogram.

Rinse the microsyringe several times

Insert the syringe into the sample

Load the microsyringe with a small

Insert the syringe into the

Quickly inject the sample and

Wait approximately 5 minutes to

Print resulting chromatogram.

Rinse the syringe with the sample

Repeat steps with additional samples.

Simple and Fractional Distillation

Peak Areas-Standard Soln.