Wing span

Wheel tread

FRONT VIEW

Maximheiumght

Length

Nose gear

Main gear

Wheel base

Path of
no

se gear

SIDE VIEW

rn
um tu
Minim

Path of
main gear

PLAN

dius
i ng r a

Table 3.1 Characteristics of Principal Transport Aircraft

Aircraft

DC-9-32
DC-9-50
DC-9-80
DC-8-61
DC-8-63
DC-10-10
DC-10-30

Manufacturer Wingspan
McDonnellDouglas
McDonnellDouglas
McDonnellDouglas
McDonnellDouglas
McDonnellDouglas
McDonnellDouglas
McDonnellDouglas

Maximum
Maximum
Number Maximum
structural
Operating Zero fuel
Runway
Wheel track
landing
and Type payload,
takeoff
empty, *lb weight, lb
length, ft
weight, lb
of engines passengers
weight, lb

Length

Wheelbase

9304

11904

5302

1605

108000

99000

56855

87000

2TF

115-127

7500

9304

13200

6011

1605

120000

110000

63328

98000

2TF

130

7100

10710

13506

7205

1608

140000

128000

77797

118000

2TF

155-172

7190

14805

18705

7706

2010

325000

240000

152101

224000

4TF

196-259

11000

14805

18705

7706

2010

355000

258000

158738

230000

4TF

196-259

11900

15504

18203

7205

3500

430000

363500

234664

335000

3TF

270-345

9000

16104

18107

7205

3500

555000

403000

261094

368000

3TF

270-345

11000

B-737-200

Boeing

9300

10000

3704

1702

100500

98000

59958

85000

2TF

86-125

5600

B-727-200

Boeing

10800

15302

6303

1809

169000

150000

97400

138000

3TF

134-163

8600

B-720B

Boeing

13010

13609

5008

2111

234300

175000

115000

156000

4TF

131-149

6100

B-707-120B

Boeing

13010

14501

5204

2201

257340

190000

127500

170000

4TF

137-174

7500

B-707-320B

Boeing

14205

15211

5900

2201

3336000

215000

148800

195000

4TF

141-189

11500

B-757-200

Boeing

12406

15310

6000

2400

220000

198000

130700

184000

2TF

178-196

6900

B-767-200

Boeing

15604

15500

6407

3006

300000

270000

178210

248000

2TF

211-230

6700

B-747B

Boeing

19509

22902

8400

3601

775000

564000

365800

526000

4TF

362-490

11000

B-747SP

Boeing

19509

17607

6704

3601

650000

450000

308400

410000

4TF

288-364

8000

L-1011-100

Lockheed

15504

17708

7000

3600

466000

243133

243133

320000

3TF

256-400

10800

L-1011-500

Lockheed

15504

16402

6108

3600

496000

240139

240139

338000

3TF

246-400

9300

Caravelle-B

Aerospatiale

11206

10803

4100

1700

123460

190130

66260

87080

2TF

86-104

6900

Trident 2E

HawkerSiddeley

9800

11409

4400

1901

143500

113000

73200

100000

3TF

82-115

7500

BAC111-200

British Aircraft

8806

9206

3301

1403

79000

69000

46405

64000

2TF

65-79

6900

Super VC-10

British Aircraft

14000

17108

7202

2105

335000

237000

147000

215000

4TF

100-163

8200

A-300

Airbus Industrie

14701

17511

6101

3106

302000

281000

186810

256830

2TF

225-345

6500

A-310

Airbus Industrie

14400

15301

4011

3106

291000

261250

168910

239200

2TF

205-265

6100

Concorde

British AircraftAerospatial

8310

20203

5908

2504

389000

240000

175000

200000

4TF

108-128

11300

Mercure

Dassault

10002

11106

3901

2004

114640

108030

57022

99200

2TF

124-134

6500

Ilyushine-62

U.S.S.R

14109

17403

8004

2203

357000

232000

153000

206000

4TF

168-186

10700

Tupolev-154

U.S.S.R

12302

15702

6201

3709

198416

185188

95900

139994

3TF

128-158

6900

Ilyushine-86

U.S.S.R

15708

19706

7000

3607

454150

385000

4TF

350

8600

* Approximate only; depends upon seating configuration.

At sea level, standard day, no wind, level runway.

Table 3.3 Main Landing Gear Dimensions for Typical Transport Aircraft
Dimensions, in
Main landing gear configuration
X

Aircraft

DC-9-80
B-737
B-727
DC-8-61
DC-8-62
DC-8-63
DC-10-10
B-720B
B-707-120B
B-707-320B
B-757
B-767
Concorde
L-1011-500
A-300B

28.1
30.5
34.0
30.0
32.0
32.0
54.0
32.0
34.0
34.6
34.0
45.0
26.4
52.0
35.0

55.0
55.0
55.0
64.0
49.0
56.0
56.0
45.0
56.0
65.7
70.0
55.0

B-747A

44.0

B-747B,C,F

Typical
inflation
pressures,
psi
170
148
168
188
187
196
173
145
170
180
161
183
184
184
168

58.0

121.2

142.0

204

44.0

58.0

121.2

142.0

185

DC-10-30

54.0

64.0

30.0

216.0

157

DC-10-40

54.0

64.0

30.0

216.0

165

Y
Z

37.5
U

Table 3.14 Typical Passenger Aircraft Turning Radii

Maximum
Aircraft
steering angle, 0
Wing tips
DC-9-32
82
55.5
B-727-200
78
71.0
DC-8-63
67
110.4
DC-10-10
68
112.4
B-747A
70
140.0
* From center of rotation.

Radii*, ft
Nose
61.2
79.5
99.0
104.6
109.0

Note that the radius of the wing tip is not always the largest of the three radii listed

Tail
64.0
80.0
109.7
101.0
137.0

115

Lif
t-o
ff d

F
ista ull st
nce ren
gth
r

Dis
ta

Acc
eler
ate

to V
1

Ful
l

Lif
t-of
f

dis
t an
ce

"Ta
k
"La
ndin

p
Sto nt
poi

Di
60 stance
% o to
f la stop
ndi m
ng ust
dis be
tan
ce

g di
stan

stre
ng

Dec
el
th r
unw
ay
equ
als
"Ta
k

e-o
ff d
ista
n

ce"

re
ilu1
e fa
gn in at V
E
"Ac
cele
rate
-sto
p

ce"
(

erat
e

dist

nce

Landing case
(a)

"T
f dis
tanc ake-of
f d is
e
tanc
e" (
115
%d

unw
ay

5 fe

et

equ

als
"

Tak
e

-of
f

run
"

ance
"

istan
ce to
35 f
Clea
eet)
rwa
than y can
half not b
this e mo
dist re
anc
e

35 ft

"Cl

to S
top

ear
wa

y"

Normal take-off case

(c)

e-o
ff r
un"

dis Cle
Sto
tan arw
pw
ce ay
ay
to 3 ca
5 f nno
t) t b
em
ore
tha
nh
a"lCf
ltehais
rwdai
syt"a
nce

50 ft

to 3

%o
f lif
t-of

35 ft

Engine failure case

(b)
Clearway - Minimum 500 ft wide:
Stopway - At least as wide as
runway:Must support
No higher than end of
airplane without damage
runway, clear of fixed
in aborted take-off
obstacles, and under
airport control.

(W

ind

Vw
Vh
Vc

Runway

Track

Vt

He
ad
in

VORTAC B
0

083

030

J-10

VORTAC A
0

083

A
C
B
083

083

030
083

Holding
fix

1000 ft
separation

Outer
marker

Middle
marker

Vertical
beam

Stack

Glide path
Glide slope
antenna

Localizer
antenna

Horizontal
beam

20

120

Visual approach indicator

ILS localizer

Runway end Runway visual range

identifier

Inner marker

VORTAC

Approach lighting system

Middle marker

Ceilometer
Airport rotating beacon

ASDE radar

Control tower

Airport surveillance radar

Glide slope

Table 5.1 Criteria for the Planning of Runway System Changes Based upon Level of Annual Aircraft
operations
% aircraft over 12, 500 lb using airport
Configuration
less than 10 %
greater than 90 %
Annual operations, a
Single runway
90000-150000
80000-140000
Two intersecting runways, location of intersection
In middle or far end

95000-160000

95000-160000

95000-160000
120000-200000
135000-225000
160000-270000

95000-160000
100000-170000
125000-210000
145000-230000

110000-180000
135000-225000
150000-250000
210000-350000

100000-170000
120000-200000
135000-225000
160000-270000

100000-170000

100000-170000

One pair at ends

110000-180000

110000-180000

Two pair at ends

125000-210000

125000-210000

All runways intersecting at

ends

160000-270000

140000-230000

< 3500 ft

Close parallels No
Taxiway crossing problem

240000-400000

140000-230000

< 3500 ft

Taxiway crossing
Active runways more than
1/3 from active thresholds

170000-280000

140000-230000

240000-400000

180000-300000

At ends, operations away

from intersection;
60% or less of time
80% or of time
90% or of time
100% or of time
Open V runways, operations away from intersections
60% or less of time
80% or of time
90% or of time
100% or of time
Three intersecting runways, location of intersection

All at middle of runways

Parallel runways
Terminal

Terminal

Terminal

> 5000 ft

Open parallels

S = close,
intermediate,
or far

Two parallel runways even

threshold

Single runway

Two parallel runways staggered

threshold

Close

Far
L

TO

TO

Close

Four parallel runways

Intersecting runways

Intersecting runways

TO
L TO

Intersecting runways

Open V runways

CL

4.87.8
4.0
1.3 3.7

3.2
0.1

SW

0.1 0.3
SSW
200

S
180

100

1.1

120 ESE

W 280 WNW 300

3.1
1.9
5.8

0.9 2.2 7.7

WSW 240

0.1

6.47.3
4.4
1.6 2.6

260

0.4

0.3

220

15mp 0.1
h
0.3
m
4p
2.3
2.4 0.4
5.0

80

2.6

60 ENE

2.4

31
m
ph

4.9 1.3 0.3

ph

0.2

47
m

SE

NW

0.3
0.2

40

0.1

NE

320

CL

360 2
N NN0
E

340
NNW

140
SSE
160

4.6 % calms, 0-4 mph

TO

Open V runways

L 4
1

R 4
1

rtu
depa e
val/ pac
Arri airs

ENT
PON
M
CO
T
NEN
AY
O
W
P
RUN
COM
ENT
Y
A
W
PON
I
X
M
O
TA
EC
GAT
ON
APR

farm
Fuel

Air

ice
Serv

road

L 2
3

in al
Termrk ing
pa

R 2
3

tion
avia
eral
Gen

rture
depa e
val/ pac
Arri airs

o
carg

ad
ice ro
Serv

r
You

airp

ort

d
evar
boul

re

Nose - in

Parallel

Terminal building

Angled nose - in

Angled nose - out

Terminal building

20'

40' 60' 20' 60' 40' 120'

3' space

Centerline
3' wide
144'

20
L

16'
130'
57'

150'

12' stripes
Side stripe 3' wide
Threshhold marker
500'
1,000'

Fixed distance marking

150'
75'

75'
6' stripes
5' spaces
Touchdown zone
marker 500'

30'

72'

75'

75'

75'

80'

500'

500'

500'

500'

PRECISION INSTRUMENT RUNWAY

PRECISION INSTRUMENT RUNWAY

Nonprecision instrument runway

Nonprecision instrument runway

Basic runway
NONPRECISION INSTRUMENT RUNWAY

BASIC RUNWAY