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Kiriti Goli, University of North Texas, Dept of Electrical engineering, ID: 11094717
I. INTRODUCTION
Couplers and hybrids are components used in system
to combine or divide signals. A good coupler or hybrid should
have a good VSWR, low insertion loss, good isolation and
directivity, and constant coupling over a wide bandwidth [2].
The coupler may be a three port component, with and without
loss, and four-port component. Three port networks take the
form of T-junctions and other power dividers, while four port
networks take the form of directional coupler and hybrids.
Hybrid couplers are special case of directional couplers, where
coupling factor is 3 dB, which implies that = = 1/2. There
are two types of hybrids. The quadrature hybrids has a phase
difference between two output ports and the rat race hybrid
has phase difference 1 between two output ports 1. The term
hybrid comes from the telephone wire line tradition, and
refers to the presence of a port where there is a complete
cancellation of the signal when the circuit is perfectly
balanced - with equal amplitudes and accurate phases at all
ports [3].
II. PROPOSED QUADRATURE COUPLER
The quadrature hybrid coupler is four port devices, also
known as coupler or branch line coupler. The scattering matrix
has symmetric solution for matched losses, reciprocal 4 port
devices.
0 j 1 0
j 0 0 1
[s]= 1 0 0 j
0 1 j 0
.
The Table provides the length and width of the quarter-wave
transmission lines for quadrature hybrid coupler for the higher
frequency, 1.71 - 2.70 GHz at operating frequency 2.205 GHz.
REFERENCES
[1] David. M. ozar, Microwave Engineering, John Wiley
ons, Inc. 2 5.
[2] Kai Chang, RF and Microwave Wireless ystem, I N 471-35199-7, John Willy & Sons.
[3] Gary reed, Transmission line and lumped element
quadrature coupler High Grequncy electronics,
November 2009.
[4] R. E Collin, Foundation for Microwave Engineering, 2nd
edition , McGraw-Hill, New York 1992
[5] K. Chang, Handbook of Microwave and Optical
components, vol. 1, Microwave Passive and
Antenna Components, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989 .