5 - Railway Bridge Defects and Deterioration Processes

Workshop I
Inspection and Condition Assessment of Railway Bridges

23.10.2006 24.10.2006, Berlin
RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES

AND DETERIORATION PROCESSES
Jan Bie, Krzysztof Jakubowski, Tomasz Kamiski, Maciej Maksymowicz, Pawe Rawa, Jarosaw Zwolski
Wroclaw University of technology
Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006
CONTENTS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION

MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES
CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL BRIDGE DAMAGES
CLASSIFICATION OF MASONRY BRIDGE DAMAGES
DETERIORATION MECHANISMS
1. CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY

BRIDGE DAMAGES
2.
MAIN TYPES
OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES
DEFINITIONS OF MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES (1)
Contamination
appearance of any type of a dirtiness
or not designed plant vegetation
Deformation
geometry changes incompatible with
the design, with changes of mutual
distances of structure element points
Destruction
deterioration of physical and/or
chemical structural features in
comparison with designed values
Discontinuity
not designed break in continuity of
a structure material
Displacement
not designed displacement of a structure
without changes of distances of structure
element points (without deformation),
also restriction in designed displacement
capabilities
Loss of material
decrease of designed amount of
structure material
3.
CLASSIFICATION OF
CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Aggressive
Inorganic
Neutral
Concrete
Penetrating
Organic
Superficial
Contamination
Aggressive
Inorganic
Neutral
Protection
Penetrating
Organic
Superficial
Concrete
Deflection
Protection
Deflection
Deformation
CONTAMINATION
CONCRETE
ORGANIC
PENETRATING
SUPERFICIAL
10
DEFORMATION
CONCRETE
DEFLECTION
11

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Calcium hydoxide reduction
Modification of
chemical features
pH factor reduction
Salt concentration increase
Absorbability increase
Elastic modulus change
Concrete
Embrittlement increase
Modification of
physical features
Frost-resistance reduction
Permeability increase
Porosity increase
Strength reduction
Calcium hydoxide reduction
Destruction
Modification of
chemical features
pH factor reduction
Adhesion reduction
Protection
Modification of
physical features
Fading
Porosity increase
Bond reduction
Reinforcement and
prestressing system
Modification of
physical features
Strength reduction
12

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Irregular
Crack
Concrete
Longitudinal
Skew
Transverse
Delamination
Fracture
Discontinuity
Crack
Protection
Delamination
Fracture
Reinforcement and
prestressing system
Crack
Fracture
Rotation
Excessive
Translation
Displacement
Rotation
Limited
Translation
Concrete
Loss of
material
Protection
Reinforcement and
prestressing system
13
LOSS OF MATERIAL
CONCRETE
PROTECTION
14
4.
CLASSIFICATION OF
STEEL BRIDGE DAMAGES
15
CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL BRIDGE DAMAGES

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Aggressive
Inorganic
Neutral
Contamination
Steel construction
Penetrating
Organic
Superficial
Deflection
Deformation
Basic component
Distortion
Torsion
Hardness reduction
Basic component
Modification of
physical features
Impact resistance reduction

Strength reduction
Bolted/riveted
connector
Modification of
physical features
Destruction
Loosening
Strength reduction
Adhesion reduction
Protection
Modification of
physical features
Embrittlement increasing
Fading
Thickness reduction
Welded connector
Modification of
physical features
Strength reduction
16
CONTAMINATION
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
INORGANIC
AGGRESSIVE
NEUTRAL
17
DEFORMATION
BASIC COMPONENT
DEFLECTION
DEFLECTION
DISTORTION
18
DESTRUCTION
BASIC COMPONENT
MODIFICATION OF
PHYSICAL FEATURES
BOLTED/RIVETED CONNECTOR
MODIFICATION OF
PHYSICAL FEATURES
STRENGTH REDUCTION
LOOSENING
19

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Irregular
Longitudinal
Crack
Skew
Basic component
Transverse
Delamination
Fracture
Discontinuity
Bolted/riveted
connector
Crack
Fracture
Crack
Protection
Delamination

Fracture
LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Crack
Welded connector
Basic component
Fracture
Rotation
Excessive
Translation
Displacement
Loss of
material
Bolted/ riveted
connector
Protection
Rotation
Limited
Welded connector
Translation
20
5.
CLASSIFICATION OF
MASONRY BRIDGE DAMAGES
21
CLASSIFICATION OF MASONRY BRIDGE DAMAGES

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Aggressive
Inorganic
Neutral
Backfill
Penetrating
Organic
Superficial
Aggressive
Inorganic
Neutral
Contamination
Masonry
Penetrating
Organic
Superficial
Aggressive
Inorganic
Neutral
Protection
Penetrating
Organic
Superficial
Backfill
Deflection
Deflection
Deformation
Masonry
Slip
Swell
Protection
Deflection
22
CONTAMINATION
MASONRY
ORGANIC
PENETRATING
SUPERFICIAL
23

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
Backfill
Modification of
physical features
LEVEL IV
Calcium hydroxide reduction

Modification of
chemical features
pH factor reduction
Brick/stone
Destruction
Modification of
physical features
Porosity increase
Strength reduction
Joint
Modification of
chemical features
pH factor reduction
24

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Destruction
Joint
Modification of
physical features
Porosity increase
Strength reduction
Modification of
chemical features
pH factor reduction
Adhesion reduction
Protection
Modification of
physical features
Fading
Porosity increase
25
DESTRUCTION
PROTECTION
JOINT
MODIFICATION OF
PHYSICAL FEATURES
MODIFICATION OF
CHEMICAL FEATURES
26

LEVEL I
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
LEVEL IV
Irregular
Longitudinal
Crack
Skew
Transverse
Masonry
Delamination
Irregular
Discontinuity
Longitudinal
Fracture
Skew
Transverse
Crack
Protection
Delamination
Fracture
Rotation
Displacement
Excessive
Translation
Backfill
Loss of
material
Brick/stone
Joint
Protection
27
LOSS OF MATERIAL
BACK FILL
BRICK/STONE
28
6.
DETERIORATION MECHANISMS
29
BASIC DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IDENTIFIED IN RAILWAY BRIDGES
30
MAIN DEGRADATION MECHANISMS AND STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

Structural material
Degradation mechanism
concrete
steel
masonry
Physical
Creeping
Effect of high temperatures
Fatigue
Freeze-thaw action
Modification of foundation conditions
Overloading
Shrinkage
Water penetration
Chemical
Alkali-aggregate reactions
Carbonation
Corrosion
Crystallization
Leaching
Oil and fat influence
Salt and acid actions
Biological
Accumulation of contamination
Living organisms activities
31
DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN RELATION TO DAMAGES OF CONCRETE RAILWAY BRIDGES
loss of
material


discontinuity
displacement

destruction
deformation

Physical
Creeping
Fatigue
Influence of high temperature
Freeze-thaw actions
Overloading
Shrinkage
Water penetration
Chemical
Alkali-aggregate reactions
Carbonation
Corrosion
Crystallization
Leaching
Oil and fat influence
Biological

contamination
Damage type
32
33
DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN RELATION TO DAMAGES OF

STEEL RAILWAY BRIDGES
discontinuity
displacement

loss of material
destruction

deformation
contamination
Damage type
Fatigue


Overloading
Effect of high temperature
Physical
Corrosion
Chemical


Biological
34
35
DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN RELATION TO DAMAGES OF

MASONRY RAILWAY BRIDGES
loss of
material

displacement
discontinuity


destruction

deformation

contamination

Physical
Effect of high temperature
Fatigue
Freeze-thaw actions
Overloading
Shrinkage
Water penetration
Chemical
Carbonation
Crystallization
Leaching
Biological

Damage type
36
37
THE END
38

5 - Railway Bridge Defects and Deterioration Processes

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Workshop I

Inspection and Condition Assessment of Railway Bridges

RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

1. CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

DEFINITIONS OF MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES (1)

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

DEFINITIONS OF MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES (2)

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

DEFINITIONS OF MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES (3)

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL BRIDGE DAMAGES

Impact resistance reduction

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES

CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CLASSIFICATION OF MASONRY BRIDGE DAMAGES

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

Wroclaw University of technology

Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006

CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES