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Title: Rate of Heat Intake

Aim: To compare rate heat intake of two liquids


Apparatus: 2 liquids (water and oil), thermometer, beaker, 2
tripod stands, 2 wire gauzes, retort stand, stop watch, measuring
cylinder
Variables:
Manipulated: Temperature of oil and water
Responding: Temperature of oil and water
Controlled: Amount of water and oil used
Theory: Heat can be transferred from one place to another by
three methods: conduction in solids, convection of fluids (liquids
or gases), and radiation through anything that will allow radiation
to pass. The method used to transfer heat is usually the one that
is the most efficient. If there is a temperature difference in a
system, heat will always move from higher to lower temperatures.
Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are
in contact with each other. Heat flows from the warmer to the
cooler object until they are both at the same temperature.
Conduction is the movement of heat through a substance by the
collision of molecules. At the place where the two object touch,
the faster-moving molecules of the warmer object collide with the
slower moving molecules of the cooler object. As they collide, the
faster molecules give up some of their energy to the slower
molecules. The slower molecules gain more thermal energy and
collide with other molecules in the cooler object. This process
continues until heat energy from the warmer object spreads
throughout the cooler object. In liquids and gases, convection is
usually the most efficient way to transfer heat. Convection occurs
when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the
liquid or gas. As this happens, cooler liquid or gas takes the place
of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This cycle results in
a continuous circulation pattern and heat is transferred to cooler
areas. Both conduction and convection require matter to transfer
heat. Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not rely
upon any contact between the heat source and the heated object.

Diagram:
Procedure:
1. A measuring cylinder was used to obtain 75cm 3 of water.
2. The initial temperature of the water was recorded.
3. The Bunsen burner was light and the flame adjusted to a
blue colour.
4. The heat source was placed under the water and clock was
started simultaneously.
5. The temperature was recorded at a thirty second interval
until it reached 90C.
6. The tripod and gauze were changed and the process
repeated using oil.

Results:
Time/s
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240

Temperature of
water/C
31
35
42
52
62
69
80
88
95

Temperature of
oil/C
33
35
42
53
68
85
95

Initial temperature of water= 31C


Initial temperature of oil= 33C
Discussion:
The tripod stand and gauze were changed or cooled after being
used to heat the water to prevent the oil from heating up
prematurely through convection. The flame wasnt adjusted

during the experiment to keep a constant heat acting on the


flame. To determine the difference in heat intake between two
liquids of the same volume.
The difference in temperature of the water between 30 and 40
seconds=
30s=4C
1s=xC
30/1=4/x
30x=4/1
X=4/30
X=0.1333C/s
@30s the temperature 35C
@40s the temperature is = (0.1333*4) + 35
=36C

Precaution:
The tripod stand and gauze were not properly cooled after the first heating of
water.
Conclusion:

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