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Intergraph 2014
1,75 MPa
1 500 mm
138 MPa
Use a 12 mm plate
Use a 10 mm plate
Intergraph 2014
After forming
Metal shrinks as it cools
Save:
Welding time
Welding consumables
Welding distortion
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More Radiography
More rigorous inspection
Calculations signed of by a Professional Engineer
An operators manual is required
Restriction of some materials over Division 1
A very comprehensive data package required
A Fatigue analysis is required (more of this later)
Intergraph 2014
UTS
3,5
or
Yield
1,5
483
3,5
or
263
1,5
174 MPa
= 138 MPa
UTS
2,4
or
Yield
1,5
483
2,4
or
263
1,5
174 MPa
= 174 MPa
For SA 516 70 material: UTS = 483 MPa and Yield = 263 MPa
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Cones
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Yield point
10
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Axial stress
Hoop stress
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Axial stress
Pressure
12
Hoop stress
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About 45O
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Normal forces exist also but we shall ignore them for now
So, generally fracture takes place in shear, not tension
This leads is to an important concept
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90O
Thus = 45O
This gives rise to a theory of failure
1
45O
2
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Shear stress
1
Principle stress
Y = max(| 1 2 |, | 2 3 |, | 3 1 |)
And here are the stresses:
This was the situation up until the 2004 edition of Division 2
Axial stress
3
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Pressure
Hoop stress
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1
3
1+2+3
22-3-1
3
Ignored
2+2+3
3
1+2+3
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21-2-3
3
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23-1-2
3
1
[(1
2
Y =
21-2-3
3
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23-1-2
3
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Stress
+ve
-ve
Time
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Stress
+ve
-ve
Time
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Consider a Nozzle
Right here !
Eventually goes
right through
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Here
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Note: The virtual stress is higher than the UTS of the metal
Actual stresses CANNOT really exist above the curve
Virtual stress
UTS
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= E.
Virtual stress
Virtual stress
UTS
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= E.
Virtual stress
690 MPa
550 cycles
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Range
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This is the stress in the head x the scf for the amplitude (not range)
Amplitude is half
the range
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This isis
There
the
nostress
S-N graph
in theinhead
the 2013
x theDivision
scf for the
2 amplitude
N is calculated
(not range)
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It doesnt tell you where to place the decimal point (or comma)
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It is impossible to do by hand
In Division 1, the calculation can be done by hand
This is a just a small sample of the
analysis
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Division 1:
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Division 2:
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