Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2012
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)
ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online)
Vol. 2, No. 12, p. 24-40, 2012
http://www.innspub.net
RESEARCH PAPER
OPEN ACCESS
Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute,
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221
005, India
Received: 28 November 2012
Revised: 15 December 2012
Accepted: 16 December 2012
24 | Bajpai et al.
Introduction
evergreen
(Pitman
different
sustainable
many
(Kaul
et
al.,
forest
and
2002).
Sharma,
Among
management
1971).
the
in
As
last
evenness,
phytodiversity.
density
and
dominance
and
(b)
land areas.
between
the
considered
as
seasons.
The
transition
mean
months
maximum
Bray-Curtis
similarity
measure
and
Tectona
grandis,
Terminalia
Vegetation
Shorea
Climate
October
Ficus
racemosa,
Bombax
ceiba,
26 | Bajpai et al.
cumini as
2nd
dominant
Mallotus
in PCA plot.
species
philippensis as
1st
(Avg.
IVI-98.2),
IVI
Miscellaneous
Forest
18.3
0.0
0.9
2.8
0.4
1.8
0.5
11.0
3.9
0.0
1.0
0.5
2.1
4.4
0.0
0.0
11.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.0
0.5
9.7
0.0
5.2
5.3
4.7
0.4
1.1
27 | Bajpai et al.
Sal Forest
0
0
0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
2.1
3.2
3.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.2
Teak Plantation
0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
2.3
0.0
0.7
1.5
1.3
0.6
1.9
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.9
1.5
12.8
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
29.6
98.2
3.0
3.4
0.5
0.0
3.0
1.5
0.0
10.3
0.5
0.0
7.9
12.9
2.4
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.5
300.0
1.9
12.7
1.3
1.3
0.6
1.8
12.7
0.0
54.3
10.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.6
4.3
3.2
122.4
0.0
1.2
0.6
24.0
0.0
8.0
18.3
0
0
300.0
0.7
4.6
0.7
0.0
0.9
0.0
1.0
0.9
21.0
1.6
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.0
7.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
231.5
0
0
0
300.0
Table 2. Dominant, 1st Co-dominant and 2nd Co-dominant trees species in three forest types with average,
standard deviation and minimum maximum IVI values.
Major
Cluster
Avg.
IVI
STDEV
Min. Max.
Sub
Cluster
Shorea robusta
122.4
62.2
40.9 200.5
A
I
Mallotus philippesis
54.3
27.8
7.8 82.2
Mallotus
philippesis
1st Co-dominant
Species
Madhuca
longifolia var.
latifolia
2nd Co-dominant
Species
Lagerstroemia
parviflora
Dominant
Species
Shorea robusta
Syzygium cumini
24.1
34.0
11.4 94.0
Dominant Specie
II
C
Mallotus philippesis
STDEV
Min. Max.
66.7
18.5
40.9 84.2
66.1
30.0
7.8 - 82.2
33.2
34.7
11.3 89.9
27.5
20.8
18.8 55.1
169.0
42.9
94.6 218.6
40.9
25.4
40.7
37.4
10.2 74.2
16.7 - 94
10.1
9.3
9.7 - 22.5
128.1
33.5
73.8 180.3
Dominant
Species
Dominant Species
Shorea robusta
Avg.
IVI
98.2
53.2
14.4 180.3
28 | Bajpai et al.
1st Co-dominant
Species
Mallotus
philippesis
Syzygium cumini
2nd Co-dominant
Species
Terminalia
elliptica
Dominant
Species
Mallotus
philippesis
1st Co-dominant
Species
Mallotus nudiflorus
2nd
29.6
49.9
8.4 176.2
Co-dominant Species
D
Ficus hispida
23.0
41.2
7.4 154.1
Syzygium cumini
2nd Co-dominant
Species
Lannea
coromandelica
17.0
23.4
7.6 - 75.5
15.3
27.3
12 - 69.5
Shorea robusta
15.0
27.5
12.8 83.1
Dominant
Species
Mallotus
nudiflorus
1st Co-dominant
Species
75.1
68.9
28.2 176.2
Ficus hispida
48.6
61.7
65.3 154
33.6
12.8
14.4 47.7
90.7
0.5
90.3 91.0
39.7
42.9
9.4 - 70.0
25.2
15.1
14.5 35.8
282.5
19.0
252.8 300.0
2.8
5.1
7.2 - 12.6
2.8
7.3
19.4
2.6
6.9
18.3
212.7
21.0
183.3 232.8
43.4
5.4
36.1 47.6
16.5
33.1
66.1000
2nd Co-dominant
Species
Mallotus
philippesis
Dominant
Species
Dominant Species
Tectona grandis
Tectona grandis
231.5
72.3
90.3 300.0
Mallotus philippesis
III
2nd
21.0
24.3
7.2 70.0
Tectona grandis
Co-dominant Species
Shorea robusta
7.1
F
18.4
1st Co-dominant
Species
Mallotus
philippesis
2nd Co-dominant
Species
Mitragyna
parvifolia
Dominant
Species
12.8 66.1
1st Co-dominant
Species
Mallotus
philippesis
Ficus bengalensis
2nd Co-dominant
Species
Lagerstroemia
parviflora
Dominant
Species
Tectona grandis
1st Co-dominant
Species
Mallotus
philippesis
2nd Co-dominant
Species
Shorea robusta
Forest Types
Miscellaneous Forest
Sal Forest
Dominant species
Mallotus philippensis
Number of species
40.0
31.0
25.0
Number of genera
33.0
29.0
20.0
Number of families
24.0
21.0
18.0
15.0
9.0
3.0
29 | Bajpai et al.
Shorea robusta
Teak Plantation
Tectona grandis
Species/genus ratio
1.21
1.07
1.25
52.63
55.35
48.07
671.05
742.86
769.23
22.97
65.90
89.07
0.138
0.215
0.601
Simpson_1-D
0.862
0.785
0.399
Fisher_alpha
12.390
8.677
6.482
Shannon_H
2.666
2.152
1.134
Equitability_J
0.723
0.627
0.352
Evenness_e^H/S
0.360
0.278
0.124
Density Classes
Sal Forest
Miscellaneous Forest
Teak plantation
60- 20
Rare
5
14
6
21 - 50
Common
5
4
0
51 - 100
Prominent
1
2
1
> 100
Dominant
2
1
1
grouped
species
it
into
cluster-II.
All
over
robusta
(Avg.
IVI-66.7)
&
Mallotus
30 | Bajpai et al.
been
different.
IVI-17.0) as
1st
Sub-cluster-C
has
2nd
has
been
represented
by
Mallotus
Miscellaneous Forest) and III-Teak Plantation (ETeak Miscellaneous Forest, F- Pure Teak Plantation
and G- Teak Sal Miscellaneous Forest) with one out
group (Plot-14).
31 | Bajpai et al.
Aegle
marmelos
(Avg.
IVI-24.8),
lucosifela,
Litsea
monopetala,
Fig.
6.
Species
dominance
and
rarity
in
Miscellaneous Forest.
heterogeneity
The number of species has been found maximum in
miscellaneous forest (40 spp.) followed by sal forest
(30 spp.) and teak plantation (25 spp.) (Table 3). The
species/genus ratio (Ricklefs and Miller 2000) has
been found maximum in teak plantation showing its
recent diversification. In all the three forest types 11
tree species have been found commonly growing
(Fig. 5). The miscellaneous forest shows maximum
32 | Bajpai et al.
The
sal
forest
shows
the
moderate
In
sal
forest
Shorea
robusta
and
Mallotus
common
Dillenia
(5.36),
density
class.
pentagyna
Ficus
orixense
Desmodium oojeinense
(5.36),
rumphii
Litsea
(3.57),
monopetala
Hymenodictyon
Leucaena
suaveolens
(1.79),
Equitability
class.
and
Evenness
(0.360
and
0.723
lucosifelia
(3.57),
Diospyros
(3.57),
Albizzia
exculpta
Stereospermum
prosera
(1.79),
(1.79),
Phyllanthus
respectively).
In miscellaneous forest only Mallotus philippensis
Tree density classes
ha-1).
ha-1), rare (620 stem ha-1) and very rare (15 stem
ha-1)
(7.89),
33 | Bajpai et al.
Mitragyna
parvifolia
(7.89)
and
(2.63),
(2.63), Hymenodictyon
Schleichera
oleosa
miscellaneous
forest
can
be consider
as the
(2.63),
reaching
rare group.
here
via
immigration
from
nearby
hispida
Ficus
(1.92),
(1.92),
(3.85),
saemocarpa
Ficus
(3.85),
Eucalyptus
racemosa
Abutilon
(3.85),
indicum
tereticornis
(1.92),
Ficus
Discussion
formed
forest,
species
dominated
three
by
major
Shorea
forest
types
robusta.
(sal
However,
the
34 | Bajpai et al.
richness
have
been
found
lower
in
(Singh
ha-1
and
2003;
Jha,
(604 stem
1997;
ha-1)
ha-1
Pandey
and
Shukla,
ha-1)
et
al.,
1984;
Ganesh
et
al.,
1996;
(Heaney and
ha-1
ha-1
the
Indian
tropics
(0.21-0.92)
repoted
by
ha-1
35 | Bajpai et al.
1992).
from
in
2012).
1.134
in
teak
plantation
to
2.666
Acknowledgements
Director,
plants
etc.
(Foster
1990;
Jayasingam
and
Vivekanantharaja, 1994).
CSIR-National
Botanical
Research
Conclusion
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36 | Bajpai et al.
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