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Monthly Energy Review

The Monthly Energy Review (MER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administrations (EIA) primary
report of recent and historical energy statistics. Included are statistics on total energy production,
consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity,
nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international petroleum; carbon dioxide emissions; and data
unit conversions.
Release of the MER is in keeping with responsibilities given to EIA in Public Law 9591 (Department of Energy Organization Act), which states, in part, in Section 205(a)(2):
The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....
The MER is intended for use by Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, energy analysts,
and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding the content of the MER
and other EIA publications.
Related Monthly Publications: Other monthly EIA reports are Petroleum Supply
Monthly, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, Natural Gas Monthly, and Electric Power Monthly. For
more information, contact EIAs Office of Communications via email at infoctr@eia.gov.
Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, annual data are usually displayed only in
5-year increments between 1950 and 2000 in the tables in Portable Document Format (PDF) files;
however, all annual data are shown in the Excel and comma-separated values (CSV) files. Also,
only two to three years of monthly data are displayed in the PDF files; however, for many series,
monthly data beginning with January 1973 are available in the Excel and CSV files.
Comprehensive Changes: Each month, most MER tables and figures carry a new month
of data, which is usually preliminary (and sometimes estimated or even forecast) and likely to be
revised in the succeeding month.
Annual Data From 1949: In 2013, EIA expanded the MER to incorporate annual data as
far back as 1949 in those data tables that were previously published in both the Annual Energy
Review (AER) and MER. Analysts may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with the
AER which offers annual data beginning in 1949 for many related supplemental data series that are
not found in the MER. The AER is available at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual.
Electronic Access
The MER is available on
EIAs website in a variety of formats at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.
Full report and sections: PDF files
Report tables: PDF files
Table data (unrounded): Excel and CSV files
Graphs: PDF files
Note: PDF files display selected annual and monthly data; Excel and CSV files display all available
annual and monthly data, often at a greater level of precision than the PDF files.
Timing of Release: The MER is posted on the EIA website no later than the last work day of
the month at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.
Released: January 27, 2016
DOE/EIA-0035(2016/01)
Monthly Energy Review

January 2016
U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the
U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIAs data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or
employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of
the Department of Energy or other federal agencies.
Contacts
The Monthly Energy Review is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Statistics, Office
of Survey Development and Statistical Integration, Integrated Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T.
Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments specifically related to the Monthly Energy
Review may be addressed to Alexander Sun, 202-287-5948 (alexander.sun@eia.gov).
For assistance in acquiring data, please contact EIAs Office of Communications at 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov).
Questions about the collection, processing, or interpretation of the information may be directed to the following subject
specialists:
Section
1.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn
202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section
2.
Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn
202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section
3.
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick
202-586-6254
jennifer.barrick@eia.gov
Section
4.
Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Wade
Section
5.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Gary Long
Section
6.
Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sundar Thapa
Section
7.
Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey
Section
8.
Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stan Kaplan
Section
9.
Energy Prices
202-586-4749
jennifer.wade@eia.gov
202-586-3467
gary.long@eia.gov
202-586-3836
sundar.thapa@eia.gov
202-586-2630
ronald.hankey@eia.gov
202-586-5114
stan.kaplan@eia.gov
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maureen Klein
202-586-8013
maureen.klein@eia.gov
Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney
202-586-2627
amy.sweeney@eia.gov
Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Wong

Cost of Fuel at Electric Generating Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rebecca Peterson
Section
10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stan Kaplan
Section
11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith
Section
12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom
ii
202-586-7574
peter.wong@eia.gov
202-586-4509
rebecca.peterson@eia.gov
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016
202-586-5114
stan.kaplan@eia.gov
202-586-6925
patricia.smith@eia.gov
202-586-0934
perry.lindstrom@eia.gov
Contents
Page
Content Changes in 2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Section
1.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section
2.
Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Section
3.
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Section
4.
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Section
5.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Section
6.
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Section
7.
Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Section
8.
Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Section
9.
Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Section
10.
Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Section
11.
International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Section
12.
Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Appendix
A.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Appendix
B.
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Appendix
C.
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output. . . . . 205
Appendix
D.
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States,

Selected Years, 16351945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
iii
Tables
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Primary Energy Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Primary Energy Imports by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators. . . . 17
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Energy Consumption by Sector

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.3b Imports and Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3c Imports From OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.3d Imports From Non-OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Petroleum Consumption
3.7a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.7b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.7c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption
3.8a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.8b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.8c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Section 4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
iv
Natural Gas
Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Trade by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas in Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
31
33
35
37
39
40
41
83
84
85
86
Tables
Page
Section 5.
5.1
5.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Section 6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
Coal
Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Coal Stocks by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Section 7.
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.6
Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Electricity Net Generation
7.2a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
7.2b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
7.2c Commercial and Industrial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
7.3c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
7. 3c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Section 8.
8.1
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
Energy Prices
Crude Oil Price Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3
7.4
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
141
143
145
Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10.2
Renewable Energy Consumption
10.2a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
10.2b Industrial and Transportation Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
10.2c Electric Power Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
10.4
Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Tables
Page
Section 11. International Petroleum
11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a OPEC Members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
166
167
169
171
Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
175
177
178
179
180
181
182
Appendix A.
A1.
A2.
A3.
A4.
A5.
A6.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Other Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187
188
189
190
191
192
Appendix B.
B1.
B2.
B3.
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Appendix C. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output
C1.
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Appendix D. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 16351945
D1.
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 16351945. . . . . . . 207
vi
Figures
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Primary Energy Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Primary Energy Imports and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Primary Energy Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3b Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-User Sector, Monthly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8a
3.8b
28
30
32
34
36
38
48
50
52
54
58
60
62
64
68
69
Section 4.
4.1
Natural Gas
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Section 5.
5.1
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Section 6.
6.1
Coal
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Section 7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and
Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5
7.6
106
108
112
116
120
122
vii
Figures
Page
Section 8.
8.1
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Energy Prices
Petroleum Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
140
142
144
Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Section 11. International Petroleum
11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b By Selected Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
165
168
170
Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
viii
Content Changes in 2016

Year-End Summary 2015
1.
New Table 2.7, "U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years" and new Table 2.8, "U.S.
Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years," have been added (October).
2.
Table 1.9 and Table 1.10 have been modified to include annual degree-day data beginning in 1949 and monthly
degree-day data beginning in 1973. Columns for "Normal" and "Percent Change" have been deleted (September).
3.
Table 1.7 has been renamed "Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Indicators." The table has been modified to include a column for "Consumption per Capita"; four columns for
"Energy Expenditures"; and three columns for "Carbon Dioxide Emissions." Columns for "Petroleum and Natural
Gas," "Other Energy," and "Gross Domestic Product" have been deleted (August).
4.
New Table C1, "Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output," has been added (August).
5.
New Table D1, "Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945," has
been added (August).
October 2015 Release

1. New Table 2.7, "U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years" and new Table 2.8, "U.S. Government
Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years," have been added.
2. Natural gas statistics have been revised in coordination with EIA's Natural Gas Annual 2014. Revisions affect data series
in Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, Natural Gas, Energy Prices, Environment, and Approximate Heat
Content of Natural Gas.
September 2015 Release
1. Table 1.9 and Table 1.10 have been modified to include annual degree-day data beginning in 1949 and monthly
degree-day data beginning in 1973. Columns for "Normal" and "Percent Change" have been deleted.
2. Final 2014 monthly and annual statistics for the supply and disposition of crude oil and petroleum products, coordinated
with EIA's Petroleum Supply Annual 2014 Volume 2, have been incorporated. Revisions affect data series in Petroleum,
Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, Renewable Energy, and Environment.
3. Final 2014 heat contents for petroleum (Table A2 and Table A3) have been incorporated. Revisions affect Btu data in
Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, Petroleum, and Environment; the 2014 final heat contents are used as
estimated 2015 heat contents.
August 2015 Release
1. Table 1.7 has been renamed "Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Indicators." The table has been modified to include a column for "Consumption per Capita"; four columns for "Energy
Expenditures"; and three columns for "Carbon Dioxide Emissions." Columns for "Petroleum and Natural Gas," "Other
Energy," and "Gross Domestic Product" have been deleted.
2. New Table C1, "Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output," has been added.
3. New Table D1, "Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945," has been
added.
May 2015 Release
Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview (Table 10.4) was previously titled "Biodiesel Overview." The table has been
modified to include a column for "Other Renewable Fuels." The column for "Balancing Item" has been deleted. In addition,
the "Stocks" and "Stock Change" columns have been revised to include biodiesel only for 2011 forward.
ix
Content Changes in 2015 (continued)

April 2015 Release
1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol (Table A3) has revised fuel ethanol feedstock
factors for 2003-2015. The revisions affect data in Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, Renewable Energy,
and Environment.
2. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas (Table A4) includes revisions for 2014 that affect data in Energy Overview,
Energy Consumption by Sector, and Environment.
3. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke (Table A5) includes revisions for 2013 and 2014 that affect data in
Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, and Environment.
March 2015 Release
1. Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, and Environment now include 2014 preliminary statistics for U.S. total
energy consumption, production, trade, and carbon dioxide emissions.
2. Electricity statistics have been revised in coordination with EIA's Electric Power Annual 2013. Revisions affect data series
in Energy Overview, Energy Consumption, Petroleum, Natural Gas, Coal, Electricity, Nuclear Energy, Energy Prices,
Renewable Energy, and Environment. Final 2013 heat content rates for electricity (Table A6) have also been incorporated.
February 2015 Release
Table 1.8 (Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy) now has 2013 data and revised 2012 data.
January 2015 Release
1. Table A1 has been renamed "Heat Content of Petroleum and Other Liquids," and heat content factors are added for
aviation gasoline blending components; distillate fuel oil by sulfur content; hydrogen; motor gasoline blending components
(MGBC); oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol); petroleum coke by type; renewable fuels except fuel ethanol; and other
hydrocarbons. Revisions affect Btu data in Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, Petroleum, and Environment.
2. Table A2 has been modified to include columns for "Motor Gasoline Imports" and "Motor Gasoline Exports." Revisions
affect Btu data in Energy Overview.
3. Table A3 has been renamed "Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol." The table has been modified to
include columns for "Distillate Fuel Oil Consumption" and "Petroleum Coke Consumption" heat content factors. The
columns for "Motor Gasoline Consumption (Old)," "Biodiesel," and "Biodiesel Feedstock" factors have been removed. The
"Motor Gasoline Consumption (New)" heat content factors have been renamed "Motor Gasoline Consumption" and are now
used in the MER to derive Btu data for motor gasoline, total petroleum products, and total petroleum in Sections 13.
Revisions affect Btu data in in Energy Overview, Energy Consumption by Sector, Petroleum, and Environment.
Energy Consumption by1.Sector

Energy
Overview
Figure 1.1
Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)
Overview, 19492014
120
100
Consumption
80
Production
60
40
20
Imports
Exports
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Overview, Monthly
12
10
Consumption
8
Production
6
4
Imports
Exports
0
J
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
Overview, October 2015
J J
2014
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2015
S O N D
Net Imports, JanuaryOctober
10
12
10.970
7.642
7.392
9.188
9
8.797
6
6
4
3
1.888
1.087
0
0
Production
Imports
Exports
Consumption
2013
2014
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

Source: Table 1.1.
2015
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)
Production
Trade
Consumption
Total
Imports
Exports
Net
Importsc
Stock
Change
and
Otherd
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.946
6.067
6.226
6.594
6.520
7.206
7.641
8.112
9.155
8.813
35.540
40.148
42.803
50.674
63.495
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
71.332
71.735
70.713
69.938
70.232
69.436
70.744
71.415
73.223
72.667
74.764
77.955
79.155
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.180
28.865
30.052
29.331
31.007
33.492
34.659
34.649
34.679
32.970
29.690
29.866
28.748
27.068
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.496
3.962
3.731
3.608
4.013
4.351
4.462
4.727
5.338
6.949
6.920
8.176
10.373
11.267
0.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.684
24.904
26.321
25.722
26.994
29.141
30.197
29.921
29.341
26.021
22.770
21.690
18.375
15.801
-1.372
-.444
-.427
-.722
-1.367
-1.065
-1.210
1.110
-.284
2.174
2.583
-1.883
1.211
.989
.721
.560
-1.173
.270
-.338
-1.300
1.026
.571
-.469
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.262
84.735
82.906
83.700
83.992
85.754
85.709
84.570
85.928
83.178
78.042
80.891
79.447
77.487
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
8.062
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.948
6.079
6.239
6.645
6.533
7.189
7.624
8.066
9.059
8.777
34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.032
98.819
96.172
97.647
97.921
100.094
100.193
99.492
101.027
98.906
94.138
97.480
96.902
94.487
.746
.642
.658
.593
.657
.694
.737
.745
.688
.660
.679
.745
8.244
.795
.708
.772
.820
.860
.823
.813
.741
.697
.741
.762
.800
9.330
6.846
6.220
6.801
6.614
6.913
6.737
7.046
7.110
6.778
6.872
6.840
6.971
81.747
2.165
1.805
2.027
2.055
2.137
2.039
2.168
2.157
2.065
2.017
1.925
2.066
24.626
.885
.854
1.020
.905
.995
.958
1.014
1.017
.955
1.062
.983
1.139
11.787
1.280
.951
1.007
1.150
1.142
1.081
1.154
1.140
1.110
.955
.942
.927
12.839
.860
.845
.573
-.245
-.439
-.099
.067
-.086
-.252
-.105
.353
1.183
2.655
7.430
6.649
6.933
6.091
6.082
6.179
6.697
6.655
6.227
6.299
6.678
7.520
79.440
.746
.642
.658
.593
.657
.694
.737
.745
.688
.660
.679
.745
8.244
.794
.710
.774
.822
.860
.828
.814
.744
.704
.746
.761
.799
9.356
8.985
8.016
8.381
7.519
7.616
7.719
8.267
8.165
7.636
7.721
8.135
9.081
97.241
5.581
5.071
5.757
5.647
5.817
5.633
R 5.922
R 6.013
R 5.842
R 6.071
R 5.866
R 6.159
R 69.379
.764
.655
.652
.589
.658
.712
.752
.743
.706
.652
.681
.767
8.330
.829
.710
.859
.866
.861
.859
.825
.759
.715
.766
.813
.831
9.692
7.174
6.436
7.268
7.102
7.335
7.204
R 7.499
R 7.515
R 7.262
R 7.488
R 7.359
R 7.757
R 87.400
2.056
1.797
1.975
1.947
1.977
1.827
1.993
1.970
1.887
1.898
1.879
2.016
23.221
1.003
.927
1.092
.975
1.016
1.018
1.064
1.064
.969
1.012
1.027
1.142
12.308
1.054
.870
.883
.972
.961
.809
.929
.906
.918
.886
.852
.873
10.913
1.383
1.135
.386
-.512
-.643
-.228
R -.194
R -.202
R -.522
R -.602
R -.003
R .178
R .177
8.012
7.071
7.020
6.100
6.122
6.205
6.645
6.697
6.223
6.341
6.702
7.204
80.341
.764
.655
.652
.589
.658
.712
.752
.743
.706
.652
.681
.767
8.330
.822
.707
.854
.863
.859
.855
.822
.762
.714
.767
.809
.823
9.656
9.611
8.441
8.537
7.562
7.653
7.785
8.234
8.219
7.658
7.773
8.208
8.808
98.491
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
September ...........
October ................
10-Month Total ...
R 6.121
.841
.778
.841
.830
.822
.783
.812
.784
.734
.774
7.999
R 7.737
7.392
74.095
2.057
1.830
2.060
1.904
1.988
1.947
2.015
2.058
1.915
1.888
19.663
1.107
1.029
1.054
1.123
1.130
1.049
1.112
1.078
1.097
1.087
10.866
.950
.801
1.006
.782
.858
.898
.903
.980
.818
.801
8.797
R .633
5.984
59.123
.776
.663
.674
.624
.688
.716
.746
.757
.695
.633
6.972
-.551
-1.378
7.700
7.157
6.922
5.996
6.116
6.373
6.866
R 6.772
R 6.243
6.218
66.361
.776
.663
.674
.624
.688
.716
.746
.757
.695
.633
6.972
.827
.773
.836
.828
.823
.785
.813
.788
.740
.775
7.988
2014 10-Month Total ...

57.353
53.347
6.882
6.821
8.048
7.769
72.284
67.936
19.326
20.635
10.138
9.665
9.188
10.970
.003
1.119
66.435
65.241
6.882
6.821
8.023
7.796
Fossil
Fuelsa
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energyb
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
57.366
58.541
56.834
56.033
55.942
55.049
55.935
56.436
57.590
56.672
58.217
60.531
62.279
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
8.062
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
5.305
4.870
5.371
5.201
5.396
5.220
5.496
5.624
5.394
5.471
5.400
5.426
64.173
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
R 5.454
R 6.128
R 5.885
R 5.864
R 5.657
R 6.007
R 6.118
R 5.905
R 6.895
R 7.643
R 7.340
R 7.373
R 7.156
R 7.565
R 7.659
R 7.334
a Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
b See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and
see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Includes petroleum stock change and adjustments; natural gas net storage
withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change, losses, and unaccounted for;
fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.
e Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.
f Also includes electricity net imports.
R=Revised.
R .911
R -.198
R -.653
R -.584
R -.159
R -.021
R -.300
R -.455
Fossil
Fuelse
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energyb
Totalf
9.321
8.607
R 8.451
7.468
7.647
7.896
8.446
R 8.339
R 7.697
7.642
81.514
81.474
80.026
Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

Energy Consumption," in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary (Excel
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Production: Table 1.2. Trade: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. Stock
Change and Other: Calculated as consumption minus production and net imports.
Consumption: Table 1.3.
Figure 1.2
Primary Energy Production

(Quadrillion Btu)
By Source, 19492014
30
25
Coal
20
Natural Gas
15
Crude Oil and NGPLa
10
5
Renewable Energy
Nuclear Electric Power
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
F M A M
J J A
2015
2010
By Source, Monthly
2.5
Natural Gas
Crude Oil and NGPLa
2.0
Coal
1.5
1.0
Renewable Energy
0.5
0.0
J
F M A M
J J
2013
S O N D
F M A M
Total, JanuaryOctober
J J A
2014
S O N D
S O N D
By Source, October 2015
80
72.284
74.095
67.936
2.376
Natural Gas
60
Crude Oil
and NGPLa
40
2.076
Coal
1.532
Renewable
Energy
20
0.774
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.633
0
2013
2014
2015
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Natural gas plant liquids.

Source: Table 1.2.
2.0
2.5
3.0
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya
Fossil Fuels
Coalb
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Crude
Oilc
NGPLd
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
14.060
12.370
10.817
13.055
14.607
14.989
18.598
19.325
22.488
22.130
22.735
23.547
22.732
22.094
22.852
23.185
23.790
23.493
23.851
21.624
22.038
22.221
20.677
6.233
9.345
12.656
15.775
21.666
19.640
19.908
16.980
18.326
19.082
19.662
20.166
19.382
19.633
19.074
18.556
19.022
19.786
20.703
21.139
21.806
23.406
24.610
11.447
14.410
14.935
16.521
20.401
17.729
18.249
18.992
15.571
13.887
12.358
12.282
12.160
11.960
11.550
10.974
10.768
10.749
10.616
11.335
11.592
11.934
13.747
0.823
1.240
1.461
1.883
2.512
2.374
2.254
2.241
2.175
2.442
2.611
2.547
2.559
2.346
2.466
2.334
2.356
2.409
2.419
2.574
2.781
2.970
3.246
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
57.366
58.541
56.834
56.033
55.942
55.049
55.935
56.436
57.590
56.672
58.217
60.531
62.279
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
8.062
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.793
2.688
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
2.539
3.103
2.629
NA
NA
(s)
.002
.006
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.164
.164
.171
.173
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
.208
.212
.212
2013 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
1.681
1.576
1.720
1.600
1.692
1.646
1.718
1.831
1.681
1.635
1.635
1.586
20.001
2.078
1.882
2.078
2.037
2.098
2.027
2.136
2.131
2.057
2.132
2.085
2.118
24.859
1.273
1.152
1.288
1.283
1.313
1.264
1.340
1.349
1.345
1.385
1.374
1.416
15.781
.274
.259
.286
.280
.294
.283
.301
.313
.311
.319
.306
.306
3.532
5.305
4.870
5.371
5.201
5.396
5.220
5.496
5.624
5.394
5.471
5.400
5.426
64.173
.746
.642
.658
.593
.657
.694
.737
.745
.688
.660
.679
.745
8.244
.237
.195
.196
.239
.271
.261
.260
.206
.162
.164
.169
.202
2.562
2014 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
1.686
1.530
1.766
1.684
1.699
1.606
1.713
1.771
1.695
1.733
1.659
1.751
20.295
2.146
1.945
2.182
2.143
2.234
2.171
2.275
2.291
2.231
2.327
2.259
2.349
26.552
1.438
1.313
1.482
1.491
1.542
1.510
R 1.574
1.588
R 1.559
R 1.641
R 1.601
R 1.695
R 18.436
.311
.283
.327
.330
.341
.346
.359
.363
.357
.369
.348
.364
4.096
5.581
5.071
5.757
5.647
5.817
5.633
R 5.922
R 6.013
R 5.842
R 6.071
R 5.866
R 6.159
R 69.379
.764
.655
.652
.589
.658
.712
.752
.743
.706
.652
.681
.767
8.330
2015 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
10-Month Total
1.756
1.467
1.652
1.517
1.421
1.351
1.523
1.644
1.550
1.532
15.412
E 2.341
RE 2.128
E 2.373
E 2.311
E 2.364
E 2.321
E 2.409
RE 2.400
RE 2.336
E 2.376
E 23.359
RE 1.680
RE 1.536
RE 1.736
RE 1.687
RE 1.704
RE 1.621
RE 1.696
RE 1.691
RE 1.646
E 1.681
E 16.677
.344
.323
.367
.370
.375
.364
.379
.383
.373
.396
3.674
R 6.121
R 5.454
R 6.128
R 5.885
R 5.864
R 5.657
R 6.007
R 6.118
R 5.905
2014 10-Month Total

2013 10-Month Total
16.885
16.780
21.944
20.656
15.139
12.991
3.384
2.920
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
.126
.171
.227
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.057
.070
.105
.113
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
.923
1.168
1.340
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.099
3.006
2.624
2.705
2.805
2.996
3.101
3.212
3.472
3.868
3.953
4.316
4.501
4.406
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.946
6.067
6.226
6.594
6.520
7.206
7.641
8.112
9.155
8.813
35.540
40.148
42.803
50.674
63.495
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
71.332
71.735
70.713
69.938
70.232
69.436
70.744
71.415
73.223
72.667
74.764
77.955
79.155
.019
.017
.019
.017
.018
.017
.018
.018
.018
.018
.017
.018
.214
.022
.021
.025
.024
.026
.026
.027
.028
.027
.028
.026
.027
.305
.141
.134
.150
.167
.155
.131
.106
.092
.111
.130
.151
.133
1.601
.377
.341
.383
.372
.390
.387
.403
.397
.379
.400
.399
.420
4.647
.795
.708
.772
.820
.860
.823
.813
.741
.697
.741
.762
.800
9.330
6.846
6.220
6.801
6.614
6.913
6.737
7.046
7.110
6.778
6.872
6.840
6.971
81.747
.206
.166
.231
.243
.253
.246
.232
.189
.153
.164
.178
.213
2.475
.018
.016
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.019
.215
.029
.027
.034
.035
.038
.039
.038
.039
.038
.038
.034
.031
.421
.171
.134
.169
.178
.149
.151
.116
.097
.110
.138
.180
.140
1.733
.404
.367
.406
.392
.403
.406
.420
.416
.396
.407
.403
.428
4.849
.829
.710
.859
.866
.861
.859
.825
.759
.715
.766
.813
.831
9.692
7.174
6.436
7.268
7.102
7.335
7.204
R 7.499
R 7.515
R 7.262
R 7.488
R 7.359
R 7.757
R 87.400
.235
.217
.237
.215
.193
.191
.201
.185
.155
.159
1.989
.020
.018
.019
.018
.019
.018
.019
.019
.018
.019
.187
.035
.037
.045
.048
.049
.049
.050
.051
.045
.043
.452
.146
.143
.146
.170
.164
.128
.130
.124
.132
.156
1.440
.405
.364
.393
.380
.397
.396
.411
.404
.384
.397
3.931
.841
.778
.841
.830
.822
.783
.812
.784
.734
.774
7.999
R 7.737
R 6.895
R 7.643
R 7.340
R 7.373
R 7.156
R 7.565
R 7.659
R 7.334
5.984
59.123
.776
.663
.674
.624
.688
.716
.746
.757
.695
.633
6.972
57.353
53.347
6.882
6.821
2.084
2.192
.178
.179
.356
.253
1.413
1.317
4.018
3.828
8.048
7.769
72.284
67.936
a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also
includes a small amount of refuse recovery. See Table 6.1.
c Includes lease condensate.
d Natural gas plant liquids.
e Conventional hydroelectric power.
7.392
74.095
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the
50 states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See end of section.
Figure 1.3
Primary Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
By Source,a 19492014
45
Petroleum
30
Natural Gas
Coal
15

Renewable Energy
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Source,a Monthly
4
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
1
Renewable Energy
0
J
M A
J J
2013
O N D
M A
J J A
2014
O N D
M A
J J
2015
O N D
By Source,a October 2015
100
80
80.026
81.474
81.514
Petroleum
2.996
2.061
Natural Gas
60
Coal
1.162
40
Renewable
Energy
0.775
20
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.633
0
2013
2014
2015
Small quantities of net imports of coal coke and electricity are not shown.
Source: Table 1.3.
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasb
Petroleumc
Totald
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
12.347
11.167
9.838
11.581
12.265
12.663
15.423
17.478
19.173
20.089
22.580
21.914
21.904
22.321
22.466
22.797
22.447
22.749
22.387
19.691
20.834
19.658
17.378
5.968
8.998
12.385
15.769
21.795
19.948
20.235
17.703
19.603
22.671
23.824
22.773
23.510
22.831
22.923
22.565
22.239
23.663
23.843
23.416
24.575
24.955
26.089
13.315
17.255
19.919
23.246
29.521
32.732
34.205
30.925
33.552
34.441
38.266
38.190
38.226
38.790
40.227
40.303
39.824
39.491
36.907
34.959
35.489
34.824
34.016
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.262
84.735
82.906
83.700
83.992
85.754
85.709
84.570
85.928
83.178
78.042
80.891
79.447
77.487
0.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.960
8.223
8.161
8.215
8.459
8.426
8.355
8.434
8.269
8.062
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.793
2.688
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
2.539
3.103
2.629
NA
NA
(s)
.002
.006
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.164
.164
.171
.173
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
.208
.212
.212
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1.572
1.414
1.481
1.287
1.364
1.564
1.723
1.701
1.520
1.402
1.394
1.616
18.039
2.952
2.632
2.584
2.016
1.795
1.785
1.974
1.975
1.810
1.912
2.375
2.995
26.805
2.906
2.601
2.870
2.789
2.923
2.833
3.002
2.981
2.898
2.986
2.912
2.911
34.613
7.430
6.649
6.933
6.091
6.082
6.179
6.697
6.655
6.227
6.299
6.678
7.520
79.440
.746
.642
.658
.593
.657
.694
.737
.745
.688
.660
.679
.745
8.244
.237
.195
.196
.239
.271
.261
.260
.206
.162
.164
.169
.202
2.562
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1.748
1.601
1.525
1.241
1.358
1.560
1.700
1.695
1.457
1.307
1.370
1.432
17.994
3.317
2.835
2.645
2.025
1.870
1.803
1.942
1.996
1.869
1.976
2.439
2.772
27.488
2.948
2.636
2.851
2.835
2.896
2.843
3.004
3.009
2.900
3.059
2.896
3.003
34.881
8.012
7.071
7.020
6.100
6.122
6.205
6.645
6.697
6.223
6.341
6.702
7.204
80.341
.764
.655
.652
.589
.658
.712
.752
.743
.706
.652
.681
.767
8.330
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
1.504
1.414
1.246
1.048
1.216
1.452
1.606
1.555
1.374
1.162
13.578
3.226
3.041
2.096
1.931
1.977
2.151
R 2.133
R 1.975
2.061
23.286
2.972
2.702
2.980
2.854
2.971
2.947
3.110
3.086
2.893
2.996
29.511
7.700
7.157
6.922
5.996
6.116
6.373
6.866
R 6.772
R 6.243
6.218
66.361

15.192
15.029
22.277
21.435
28.982
28.790
66.435
65.241
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
R 2.696
Wind
Biomass
Total
Totalf
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
.126
.171
.227
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.057
.070
.105
.113
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
.923
1.168
1.340
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.101
3.008
2.622
2.701
2.806
3.008
3.114
3.262
3.485
3.851
3.936
4.270
4.405
4.369
2.978
2.784
2.928
3.396
4.070
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.948
6.079
6.239
6.645
6.533
7.189
7.624
8.066
9.059
8.777
34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.032
98.819
96.172
97.647
97.921
100.094
100.193
99.492
101.027
98.906
94.138
97.480
96.902
94.487
.019
.017
.019
.017
.018
.017
.018
.018
.018
.018
.017
.018
.214
.022
.021
.025
.024
.026
.026
.027
.028
.027
.028
.026
.027
.305
.141
.134
.150
.167
.155
.131
.106
.092
.111
.130
.151
.133
1.601
.376
.343
.385
.374
.390
.392
.403
.400
.387
.406
.398
.420
4.673
.794
.710
.774
.822
.860
.828
.814
.744
.704
.746
.761
.799
9.356
8.985
8.016
8.381
7.519
7.616
7.719
8.267
8.165
7.636
7.721
8.135
9.081
97.241
.206
.166
.231
.243
.253
.246
.232
.189
.153
.164
.178
.213
2.475
.018
.016
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.018
.019
.215
.029
.027
.034
.035
.038
.039
.038
.039
.038
.038
.034
.031
.421
.171
.134
.169
.178
.149
.151
.116
.097
.110
.138
.180
.140
1.733
.397
.364
.401
.390
.401
.402
.417
.418
.394
.408
.399
.420
4.812
.822
.707
.854
.863
.859
.855
.822
.762
.714
.767
.809
.823
9.656
9.611
8.441
8.537
7.562
7.653
7.785
8.234
8.219
7.658
7.773
8.208
8.808
98.491
.776
.663
.674
.624
.688
.716
.746
.757
.695
.633
6.972
.235
.217
.237
.215
.193
.191
.201
.185
.155
.159
1.989
.020
.018
.019
.018
.019
.018
.019
.019
.018
.019
.187
.035
.037
.045
.048
.049
.049
.050
.051
.045
.043
.452
.146
.143
.146
.170
.164
.128
.130
.124
.132
.156
1.440
.392
.358
.388
.377
.399
.398
.412
.408
.390
.398
3.920
.827
.773
.836
.828
.823
.785
.813
.788
.740
.775
7.988
6.882
6.821
2.084
2.192
.178
.179
.356
.253
1.413
1.317
3.993
3.855
8.023
7.796
a Most data are estimates.

See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 3,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.
c Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil
burned as fuel. Does not include biofuels that have been blended with
petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
d Includes coal coke net imports. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
f Includes coal coke net imports and electricity net imports, which are not
9.321
8.607
R 8.451
7.468
7.647
7.896
8.446
R 8.339
R 7.697
7.642
81.514
81.474
80.026
separately displayed. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes:
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

See Table D1 for estimated energy consumption for 16351945. Totals may
not
equal
sum
of
components
due
to
independent
rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Figure 1.4a Primary Energy Imports and Exports

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports by Source, 19492014
35
Petroleum
30
25
20
15
10
Natural Gas
Othera
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Exports by Source, 19492014

9
8
7
Petroleum
6
5
4
Coalb
3
2
1
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Imports by Source, Monthly

2.5
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Exports by Major Source, Monthly

1.0
2.0
0.8
Petroleum
Petroleum
1.5
0.6
1.0
0.4
Coalb
0.5
0.0
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Othera
0.0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2013
2 014
2015
a
b
0.2
Coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.

Includes coal coke.
Electricity
2013
2 014
2015

Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Figure 1.4b Primary Energy Net Imports

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total, 19492014
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Major Source, 19492014

25
Crude Oila
20
15
10
5
Natural Gas
Petroleum Productsb
Coal
-5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Total, Monthly
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Major Source, Monthly
2.0
2.0
1.5
Crude Oila
1.5
1.0
1.0
Petroleum
Productsb
0.5
Natural Gas
0.5
0.0
0.0
Coal
-0.5
2013
2014
2015
a
Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.
b
Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline
2013
2014
2015
blending components. Does not include biofuels.

Table 1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oila
Petroleum
Productsb
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.009
.008
.007
.005
.001
.024
.030
.049
.067
.237
.313
.495
.422
.626
.682
.762
.906
.909
.855
.566
.484
.327
.212
0.011
.003
.003
.002
.004
.045
.016
.014
.019
.095
.094
.063
.080
.068
.170
.088
.101
.061
.089
.009
.030
.035
.028
0.000
.011
.161
.471
.846
.978
1.006
.952
1.551
2.901
3.869
4.068
4.104
4.042
4.365
4.450
4.291
4.723
4.084
3.845
3.834
3.555
3.216
1.056
1.691
2.196
2.654
2.814
8.721
11.195
6.814
12.766
15.669
19.783
20.348
19.920
21.060
22.082
22.091
22.085
21.914
21.448
19.699
20.140
19.595
19.239
0.830
1.061
1.802
2.748
4.656
4.227
3.463
3.796
4.351
3.131
4.641
4.946
4.677
5.105
6.063
7.108
7.054
6.842
6.214
5.367
5.219
5.038
4.122
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
12.948
14.658
10.609
17.117
18.800
24.424
25.294
24.597
26.165
28.145
29.198
29.139
28.756
27.662
25.066
25.359
24.633
23.361
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.015
.009
.009
.015
.019
.027
.020
.016
.018
.016
.019
.017
.199
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.003
.285
.243
.254
.226
.240
.243
.242
.242
.250
.226
.224
.280
2.955
1.482
1.227
1.397
1.399
1.442
1.394
1.501
1.509
1.429
1.393
1.336
1.448
16.957
.361
.304
.340
.393
.410
.345
.373
.354
.337
.353
.312
.288
4.169
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.023
.013
.018
.020
.028
.030
.020
.024
.025
.013
.022
.013
.248
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
.002
.303
.252
.240
.206
.212
.207
.206
.212
.207
.226
.233
.260
2.763
1.420
1.216
1.361
1.368
1.341
1.280
1.427
1.398
1.357
1.337
1.321
1.352
16.178
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
10-Month Total .....
.028
.019
.019
.019
.020
.018
.024
.021
.020
.019
.207
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.002
(s)
.002
.286
.261
.264
.210
.209
.211
.223
.219
.214
.232
2.330
2014 10-Month Total .....

.213
.163
.002
.003
2.270
2.451
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Electricity
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.001
(s)
.002
.002
.002
.013
.012
.066
.055
.085
.027
.004
.019
.049
0.007
.016
.018
.012
.021
.038
.085
.157
.063
.146
.166
.131
.125
.104
.117
.150
.146
.175
.195
.178
.154
.178
.202
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.180
28.865
30.052
29.331
31.007
33.492
34.659
34.649
34.679
32.970
29.690
29.866
28.748
27.068
1.843
1.531
1.737
1.792
1.852
1.739
1.874
1.863
1.766
1.746
1.648
1.736
21.126
.003
.003
.007
.004
.005
.010
.009
.012
.011
.010
.014
.013
.102
.020
.018
.020
.017
.020
.020
.023
.023
.019
.019
.020
.020
.240
2.165
1.805
2.027
2.055
2.137
2.039
2.168
2.157
2.065
2.017
1.925
2.066
24.626
.291
.300
.336
.335
.375
.291
.313
.312
.276
.300
.278
.367
3.773
1.710
1.517
1.697
1.703
1.716
1.571
1.740
1.710
1.633
1.637
1.599
1.719
19.951
.003
.002
.003
.004
.005
.002
.006
.004
.003
.004
.005
.005
.046
.017
.014
.017
.015
.017
.017
.020
.021
.019
.017
.019
.019
.210
2.056
1.797
1.975
1.947
1.977
1.827
1.993
1.970
1.887
1.898
1.879
2.016
23.221
1.338
1.201
1.417
1.305
1.355
1.322
1.371
1.429
1.308
1.332
13.379
.381
.326
.334
.344
.376
.366
.364
.355
.341
.279
3.467
1.718
1.528
1.751
1.649
1.731
1.689
1.735
1.784
1.649
1.611
16.846
.003
.003
.004
.004
.005
.006
.009
.009
.008
.009
.060
.021
.019
.023
.022
.023
.023
.023
.024
.023
.018
.219
2.057
1.830
2.060
1.904
1.988
1.947
2.015
2.058
1.915
1.888
19.663
13.505
14.173
3.128
3.569
16.633
17.742
.036
.075
.172
.200
19.326
20.635
a Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve, which began in 1977.
b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending
components. Does not include biofuels.
c Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
10
Biofuelsc
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states

and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Table 1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports
(Quadrillion Btu)
Net
Importsa
Exports
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oilb
Petroleum
Productsc
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.761
2.421
2.438
2.772
2.318
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
2.101
2.751
3.087
0.010
.013
.009
.021
.061
.032
.051
.028
.014
.034
.028
.033
.020
.018
.033
.043
.040
.036
.049
.032
.036
.024
.024
0.027
.032
.012
.027
.072
.074
.049
.056
.087
.156
.245
.377
.520
.686
.862
.735
.730
.830
.972
1.082
1.147
1.519
1.633
0.202
.067
.018
.006
.029
.012
.609
.432
.230
.200
.106
.043
.019
.026
.057
.067
.052
.058
.061
.093
.088
.100
.143
0.440
.707
.413
.386
.520
.427
.551
1.225
1.594
1.776
2.003
1.956
1.963
2.083
2.068
2.276
2.554
2.803
3.626
4.101
4.691
5.820
6.261
0.642
.774
.431
.392
.549
.439
1.160
1.657
1.824
1.976
2.110
1.999
1.982
2.110
2.125
2.344
2.606
2.861
3.686
4.194
4.780
5.919
6.404
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.236
.212
.336
.240
.258
.226
.225
.248
.231
.242
.209
.232
2.895
.001
.001
.003
.002
(s)
.003
.002
.002
.001
.001
.003
.002
.021
.156
.134
.150
.127
.143
.135
.130
.131
.124
.124
.115
.118
1.587
.020
.021
.019
.024
.023
.022
.019
.013
.018
.021
.044
.040
.284
.465
.478
.504
.503
.560
.563
.630
.612
.571
.664
.600
.735
6.886
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.207
.228
.266
.202
.208
.217
.181
.194
.202
.197
.192
.177
2.472
.001
.002
.001
.001
.002
.002
.002
.003
.003
.002
.002
.003
.023
.136
.140
.151
.123
.115
.121
.128
.116
.121
.116
.122
.138
1.528
.045
.040
.045
.049
.055
.069
.076
.070
.061
.068
.091
.076
.744
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
.200
.165
.193
.183
.172
.147
.130
.163
.137
.146
1.637
.002
.001
.001
.002
.003
.003
.001
.001
.002
.002
.017
.135
.146
.165
.132
.135
.139
.145
.146
.164
.160
1.468

2.102
2.453
.018
.016
1.268
1.353
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Biofuelsd
Electricity
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.001
.005
.036
.089
.035
.047
.108
.078
0.001
.002
.003
.013
.014
.017
.014
.017
.055
.012
.051
.056
.054
.082
.078
.065
.083
.069
.083
.062
.065
.051
.041
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.496
3.962
3.731
3.608
4.013
4.351
4.462
4.727
5.338
6.949
6.920
8.176
10.373
11.267
0.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.684
24.904
26.321
25.722
26.994
29.141
30.197
29.921
29.341
26.021
22.770
21.690
18.375
15.801
.484
.500
.523
.527
.584
.585
.649
.625
.590
.686
.644
.775
7.170
.005
.004
.005
.005
.006
.006
.005
.008
.007
.006
.010
.008
.076
.004
.003
.003
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
.003
.003
.004
.039
.885
.854
1.020
.905
.995
.958
1.014
1.017
.955
1.062
.983
1.139
11.787
1.280
.951
1.007
1.150
1.142
1.081
1.154
1.140
1.110
.955
.942
.927
12.839
.602
.507
.615
.588
.628
.600
.666
.671
.574
.618
.610
.737
7.414
.646
.547
.660
.637
.683
.668
.741
.741
.635
.686
.700
.813
8.158
.008
.006
.008
.007
.006
.006
.007
.006
.005
.007
.008
.007
.081
.004
.004
.007
.005
.003
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.046
1.003
.927
1.092
.975
1.016
1.018
1.064
1.064
.969
1.012
1.027
1.142
12.308
1.054
.870
.883
.972
.961
.809
.929
.906
.918
.886
.852
.873
10.913
.088
.070
.075
.102
.095
.075
.095
.083
.071
.090
.844
.673
.635
.608
.694
.716
.676
.731
.677
.715
.680
6.805
.761
.704
.683
.796
.812
.751
.826
.760
.786
.770
7.649
.006
.007
.008
.007
.007
.006
.008
.006
.006
.007
.068
.003
.005
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.027
1.107
1.029
1.054
1.123
1.130
1.049
1.112
1.078
1.097
1.087
10.866
.950
.801
1.006
.782
.858
.898
.903
.980
.818
.801
8.797
.577
.200
6.067
5.551
6.645
5.752
.066
.059
.039
.032
10.138
9.665
9.188
10.970
a Net imports equal imports minus exports.

b Crude oil and lease condensate.
c Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending
components. Does not include biofuels.

d Through 2010, data are for biodiesel only. Beginning in 2011, data are for fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
beginning in 1973.
11
Figure 1.5
Merchandise Trade Value

(Billion Dollarsa)
Imports and Exports, 19742014
Imports and Exports, Monthly
2,500
250
2,000
200
Total Imports
Total Imports
1,500
150
1,000
100
Total Exports
Total Exports
500
50
Energy Imports
Energy
Exports
Energy Exports
Energy Imports
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Trade Balance, 19742014
2013
2014
2015
Trade Balance, Monthly

0
100
0
Energy
-100
-25
Energy
-200
NonEnergy
Non-Energy
-300
-50
-400
-500
-600
-75
Total
-700
-800
Total
-100
-900
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O ND
2013
2014
2015
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. S ee Nominal Dollars in Glossary.

http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: Table 1.5.
12
Table 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value

(Million Dollarsa)
Petroleumb
1974 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Energyc
Exports
Imports
Balance
Exports
Imports
Balance
NonEnergy
Balance
Total Merchandise
................
792
................
907
................
2,833
................
4,707
................
6,901
................
6,321
................
10,192
................
8,868
................
8,569
................
10,209
................
13,130
................
19,155
................
28,171
................
33,293
................
61,695
................
44,509
................
64,753
................ b102,180
................ 111,951
24,668
25,197
78,637
50,475
61,583
54,368
119,251
102,747
102,663
132,433
179,266
250,068
299,714
327,620
449,847
251,833
333,472
b431,866
408,509
-23,876
-24,289
-75,803
-45,768
-54,682
-48,047
-109,059
-93,879
-94,094
-122,224
-166,136
-230,913
-271,543
-294,327
-388,152
-207,324
-268,719
b-329,686
-296,558
3,444
4,470
7,982
9,971
12,233
10,358
13,179
12,494
11,541
13,768
18,642
26,488
34,711
41,725
76,075
54,536
80,625
128,989
136,054
25,454
26,476
82,924
53,917
64,661
59,109
135,367
121,923
115,748
153,298
206,660
289,723
332,500
364,987
491,885
271,739
354,982
453,839
423,862
-22,010
-22,006
-74,942
-43,946
-52,428
-48,751
-122,188
-109,429
-104,207
-139,530
-188,018
-263,235
-297,789
-323,262
-415,810
-217,203
-274,357
-324,850
-287,808
18,126
31,557
55,246
-73,765
-50,068
-110,050
-313,916
-302,470
-364,056
-392,820
-462,912
-504,242
-519,515
-485,501
-400,389
-286,379
-361,005
-400,597
-442,638
99,437
108,856
225,566
218,815
393,592
584,742
781,918
729,100
693,103
724,771
818,775
905,978
1,036,635
1,148,199
1,287,442
1,056,043
1,278,495
1,482,508
1,545,821
103,321
99,305
245,262
336,526
496,088
743,543
1,218,022
1,140,999
1,161,366
1,257,121
1,469,704
1,673,455
1,853,938
1,956,962
2,103,641
1,559,625
1,913,857
2,207,954
2,276,267
-3,884
9,551
-19,696
-117,712
-102,496
-158,801
-436,104
-411,899
-468,263
-532,350
-650,930
-767,477
-817,304
-808,763
-816,199
-503,582
-635,362
-725,447
-730,446
Exports
Imports
Balance
2013 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
8,787
9,027
8,909
8,586
9,679
9,851
10,860
10,817
10,398
11,495
11,375
13,434
123,218
32,448
26,828
29,265
31,204
32,590
29,673
33,327
32,044
30,754
31,590
26,226
27,192
363,141
-23,661
-17,801
-20,356
-22,618
-22,911
-19,822
-22,467
-21,227
-20,356
-20,095
-14,851
-13,758
-239,923
10,747
10,724
11,235
10,670
11,754
11,755
12,876
12,808
12,367
13,620
13,428
15,555
147,539
34,049
28,256
30,687
32,518
33,916
31,047
34,625
33,274
31,963
32,781
27,559
29,083
379,758
-23,302
-17,532
-19,452
-21,848
-22,162
-19,292
-21,749
-20,466
-19,596
-19,161
-14,131
-13,528
-232,219
-38,832
-29,388
-25,769
-39,273
-41,562
-31,136
-48,350
-40,028
-43,994
-43,894
-38,324
-37,160
-457,712
123,053
123,439
136,635
129,438
132,965
134,528
127,268
132,574
128,387
142,076
136,191
131,887
1,578,439
185,186
170,359
181,856
190,559
196,689
184,956
197,367
193,069
191,977
205,130
188,647
182,575
2,268,370
-62,134
-46,920
-45,221
-61,121
-63,724
-50,428
-70,099
-60,494
-63,590
-63,055
-52,455
-50,688
-689,931
2014 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
10,994
9,157
10,656
10,395
11,386
11,093
12,032
12,032
9,983
9,776
9,924
9,500
126,928
29,460
25,711
28,912
30,519
29,201
27,668
30,447
27,585
26,778
25,875
20,859
23,700
326,715
-18,466
-16,554
-18,256
-20,124
-17,815
-16,575
-18,415
-15,553
-16,795
-16,099
-10,935
-14,200
-199,787
13,242
11,515
13,454
13,041
13,895
13,214
14,221
14,096
12,165
11,928
11,649
11,276
153,696
32,260
28,561
31,311
32,016
30,655
29,166
31,891
28,901
28,079
27,122
22,309
25,206
347,477
-19,018
-17,046
-17,857
-18,975
-16,760
-15,952
-17,670
-14,805
-15,914
-15,194
-10,660
-13,930
-193,781
-40,080
-29,603
-34,033
-47,733
-45,300
-43,367
-53,454
-44,369
-53,613
-50,020
-44,347
-47,454
-533,372
126,517
123,591
142,184
133,875
138,122
138,358
133,198
137,420
133,360
145,436
134,726
133,746
1,620,532
185,615
170,240
194,074
200,582
200,182
197,677
204,322
196,594
202,887
210,650
189,733
195,129
2,347,685
-59,098
-46,649
-51,890
-66,708
-62,060
-59,319
-71,124
-59,174
-69,527
-65,214
-55,007
-61,384
-727,153
2015 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
11-Month Total
7,939
6,705
6,824
7,791
8,341
8,021
8,339
7,144
6,846
6,510
6,308
80,767
18,094
13,737
15,019
15,549
15,552
17,474
18,079
15,192
13,836
11,662
11,093
165,288
-10,155
-7,033
-8,195
-7,758
-7,211
-9,453
-9,740
-8,048
-6,990
-5,152
-4,785
-84,519
9,622
8,227
8,538
9,480
9,966
9,421
9,699
8,575
8,198
7,884
7,582
97,192
19,614
15,694
16,467
16,485
16,550
18,406
19,125
16,187
14,768
12,597
11,983
177,877
-9,992
-7,466
-7,929
-7,005
-6,584
-8,985
-9,426
-7,612
-6,570
-4,713
-4,401
-80,684
-48,724
-36,433
-55,173
-53,362
-50,348
-55,954
-59,101
-59,472
-59,596
R -60,323
-57,342
-595,827
121,398
118,348
133,785
128,505
128,259
130,994
124,391
123,011
125,281
R 130,463
120,734
1,385,169
180,113
162,246
196,886
188,872
185,191
195,933
192,918
190,095
191,447
R 195,499
182,477
2,061,679
-58,716
-43,899
-63,102
-60,367
-56,932
-64,939
-68,527
-67,084
-66,166
R -65,036
-61,743
-676,510
2014 11-Month Total

2013 11-Month Total
117,428
109,784
303,016
335,949
-185,587
-226,165
142,421
131,984
322,271
350,675
-179,851
-218,691
-485,919
-420,550
1,486,786
1,446,553
2,152,556
2,085,796
-665,770
-639,243
a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b Through 2010, data are for crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied
propane and butane, and other mineral fuels. Beginning in 2011, data are for
petroleum products and preparations.
c Petroleum, coal, natural gas, and electricity.
R=Revised.
Notes: Monthly data are not adjusted for seasonal variations. See Note,
"Merchandise Trade Value," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. The U.S. import statistics reflect

both government and nongovernment imports of merchandise from foreign
countries into the U.S. customs territory, which comprises the 50 states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in
1974.
13
Figure 1.6
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars
Costs, 19602015
30
Dollars per Million Btu
25
Residential Electricitya
20
15
Residential Heating Oilb
10
Motor Gasolinea
5
Residential Natural Gasa
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Residential Electricity,a Monthly
Costs, October 2015
18
15.69
Cent per Kilowatthour
Dollars per Million Btu
15
12
9
8.23
5.13
2013
0
Motor
Gasolinea
Residential
Natural
Gasa
Motor Gasoline,a Monthly
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
2013
2014
2015
0.00
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
10
1.50
Dollars per Gallon
Residential Natural Gas,a Monthly
1.75
2
2013
2014
2015
0
J
Includes taxes.
b
Excludes taxes.
Note: See Real Dollars in Glossary.
14
2015
0
Residential
Electricitya
2014

Source: Table 1.6.
Table 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (19821984) Dollars

Consumer Price Index,
All Urban Consumersa
Motor Gasolineb
Residential
Heating Oilc
Residential
Natural Gasb
Residential
Electricityb
Index
19821984=100
Dollars per
Gallon
Dollars per
Million Btu
Dollars per
Gallon
Dollars per
Million Btu
Dollars per
Thousand
Cubic Feet
Dollars per
Million Btu
Cents per
Kilowatthour
Dollars per
Million Btu
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
29.6
31.5
38.8
53.8
82.4
107.6
130.7
152.4
172.2
177.1
179.9
184.0
188.9
195.3
201.6
207.342
215.303
214.537
218.056
224.939
229.594
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.482
1.112
0.931
0.791
0.908
0.864
0.801
0.890
1.018
1.197
1.307
1.374
1.541
1.119
1.301
1.590
1.609
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.85
8.89
7.44
6.36
7.31
6.96
6.46
7.19
8.22
9.67
10.58
11.20
12.62
9.21
10.76
13.18
13.35
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.182
0.979
0.813
0.569
0.761
0.706
0.628
0.736
0.819
1.051
1.173
1.250
1.495
1.112
1.283
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.52
7.06
5.86
4.10
5.49
5.09
4.52
5.31
5.91
7.58
8.46
9.01
10.78
8.02
9.25
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.81
3.18
4.47
5.69
4.44
3.98
4.51
5.44
4.39
5.23
5.69
6.50
6.81
6.31
6.45
5.66
5.22
4.90
4.64
NA
NA
2.72
3.12
4.36
5.52
4.31
3.87
4.39
5.28
4.28
5.09
5.55
6.33
6.63
6.14
6.28
5.52
5.11
4.80
4.53
8.8
7.6
5.7
6.5
6.6
6.87
5.99
5.51
4.79
4.84
4.69
4.74
4.74
4.84
5.16
5.14
5.23
5.37
5.29
5.21
5.17
25.74
22.33
16.62
19.07
19.21
20.13
17.56
16.15
14.02
14.20
13.75
13.89
13.89
14.18
15.12
15.05
15.33
15.72
15.51
15.27
15.17
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
230.280
232.166
232.773
232.531
232.945
233.504
233.596
233.877
234.149
233.546
233.069
233.049
232.957
1.480
1.614
1.629
1.568
1.581
1.582
1.578
1.564
1.544
1.470
1.420
1.430
1.538
12.28
13.39
13.52
13.01
13.11
13.12
13.10
12.98
12.81
12.20
11.78
11.87
12.76
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.97
3.98
4.02
4.49
5.41
6.43
6.98
7.03
6.70
5.30
4.31
3.92
4.43
3.87
3.87
3.91
4.36
5.27
6.26
6.79
6.83
6.52
5.16
4.19
3.82
4.31
4.98
5.01
4.99
5.13
5.32
5.37
5.42
5.36
5.34
5.29
5.19
5.03
5.21
14.59
14.68
14.62
15.04
15.60
15.74
15.87
15.70
15.66
15.51
15.22
14.74
15.26
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
233.916
234.781
236.293
237.072
237.900
238.343
238.250
237.852
238.031
237.433
236.151
234.812
236.736
1.444
1.458
1.519
1.568
1.574
1.573
1.549
1.488
1.455
1.365
1.247
1.115
1.447
11.99
12.10
12.61
13.01
13.07
13.06
12.86
12.35
12.08
11.33
10.35
9.25
12.01
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.96
4.16
4.53
4.96
5.72
6.77
7.23
7.32
6.84
5.52
4.32
4.26
4.63
3.84
4.03
4.39
4.81
5.54
6.56
7.01
7.09
6.62
5.35
4.18
4.13
4.49
4.98
5.09
R 5.18
R 5.19
5.40
5.45
R 5.49
5.48
5.44
5.31
5.28
5.18
5.29
R 14.60
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
233.707
234.722
236.119
236.599
237.805
238.638
238.654
238.316
237.945
237.838
237.336
236.525
237.017
0.929
0.983
1.077
1.076
1.191
1.211
1.212
1.152
1.035
0.991
0.948
0.898
1.105
7.71
8.16
8.94
8.93
9.88
10.05
10.06
9.56
8.59
8.23
7.87
7.46
9.17
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.07
3.88
3.93
4.40
5.30
6.32
R 6.79
R 7.04
6.89
R 5.29
NA
NA
NA
3.94
3.76
5.17
5.23
5.23
5.34
5.45
5.42
5.44
5.43
5.49
R 5.35
NA
NA
NA
15.16
15.33
15.33
15.66
15.96
15.88
15.95
15.90
16.09
R 15.69
NA
NA
NA
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
a Data are U.S. city averages for all items, and are not seasonally adjusted.
b Includes taxes.
c Excludes taxes.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.

Notes: See "Real Dollars" in Glossary. Fuel costs are calculated by using
the Urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) developed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
R 3.81
4.27
5.14
6.12
R 6.58
R 6.82
6.68
R 5.13
NA
NA
NA
14.91
R 15.19
R 15.22
15.83
R 15.97
R 16.10
16.07
15.95
15.55
15.49
R 15.19
15.50

beginning in 1995.
Sources: Fuel Prices: Tables 9.4 (All Grades), 9.8, and 9.10, adjusted by the
CPI; and Monthy Energy Review, September 2012, Table 9.8c. Consumer Price
Index, All Urban Consumers: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, series ID CUUR0000SA0. Conversion Factors: Tables A1, A3, A4,
and A6.
15
Figure 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators

Energy Consumption per Capita, 19492014
400
Million Btu
300
200
100
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2000
2005
2010
Thousand Btu per Chained (2009) Dollara
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar a of Gross Domestic Product, 19492014
20
15
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Energy Expenditures as Share of Gross Domestic Product and Gross Output,b 19872013
12
10
Share of GDP
Percent
8
6
Share of Gross Output

4
2
0
1990
1995
See "Chained Dollars" and "Real Dollars" in Glossary.

Gross output is the value of gross domestic product (GDP) plus the
value of intermediate inputs used to produce GDP.
b
16
2000
2005
2010

Source: Table 1.7.
Table 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators
Primary Energy Consumptiona
Consumption
Quadrillion
Btu
1950 ..............
1955 ..............
1960 ..............
1965 ..............
1970 ..............
1975 ..............
1980 ..............
1981 ..............
1982 ..............
1983 ..............
1984 ..............
1985 ..............
1986 ..............
1987 ..............
1988 ..............
1989 ..............
1990 ..............
1991 ..............
1992 ..............
1993 ..............
1994 ..............
1995 ..............
1996 ..............
1997 ..............
1998 ..............
1999 ..............
2000 ..............
2001 ..............
2002 ..............
2003 ..............
2004 ..............
2005 ..............
2006 ..............
2007 ..............
2008 ..............
2009 ..............
2010 ..............
2011 ..............
2012 ..............
2013 ..............
2014 ..............
a
b
c
d
e
f
34.616
40.208
45.086
54.015
67.838
71.965
78.067
76.106
73.099
72.971
76.632
76.392
76.647
79.054
82.709
84.786
84.485
84.438
85.783
87.366
89.088
91.032
94.022
94.602
95.019
96.650
98.819
96.172
97.647
97.921
100.094
100.193
99.492
101.027
98.906
94.138
97.480
96.902
94.487
97.241
98.491
Energy Expendituresb
Consumption
per Capita
Consumption
per
Real Dollard
of GDPe
Million
Btu
Thousand
Btu per
Chained (2009)
Dollard
Million
Nominal
Dollarsg
Nominal
Dollarsg
15.85
14.68
14.50
13.58
14.37
13.36
12.10
11.50
11.26
10.74
10.52
10.06
9.75
9.72
9.76
9.65
9.43
9.44
9.26
9.18
8.99
8.95
8.90
8.57
8.24
8.01
7.87
7.58
7.56
7.38
7.27
7.04
6.81
6.79
6.67
6.53
6.59
6.45
6.15
6.24
6.17
NA
NA
NA
NA
82,875
171,851
374,347
427,898
426,479
417,617
435,371
438,531
384,284
397,819
411,739
439,235
474,831
472,543
477,024
492,383
504,988
514,755
560,409
568,075
526,394
558,739
687,824
696,347
664,072
755,205
871,337
1,045,910
1,159,022
1,234,037
1,409,247
1,063,889
1,208,443
1,388,618
1,351,513
1,375,306
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
404
796
1,647
1,865
1,841
1,786
1,846
1,843
1,600
1,642
1,684
1,780
1,902
1,868
1,860
1,894
1,919
1,933
2,080
2,084
1,908
2,002
2,438
2,444
2,309
2,603
2,976
3,539
3,884
4,097
4,634
3,468
3,906
4,455
4,303
4,345
NA
227
242
250
278
331
333
344
332
316
312
325
321
319
326
338
344
338
334
334
336
339
342
349
347
344
346
350
337
339
338
342
339
333
335
325
307
315
311
301
307
309
Expenditures
Expenditures
per Capita
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

Expenditures include taxes where data are available.
Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 12.1.
See "Chained Dollars" and "Real Dollars" in Glossary.
See "Gross Domestic Product (GDP)" in Glossary.
Gross output is the value of GDP plus the value of intermediate inputs used to
produce GDP.
g See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: Consumption: Table 1.3. Consumption per Capita:
Calculated as energy consumption divided by U.S. population (see Table C1).
Carbon Dioxide Emissionsc

Expenditures
as Share
of Gross
Outputf
Percent
Percent
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.7
10.2
13.1
13.3
12.7
11.5
10.8
10.1
8.4
8.2
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.7
7.3
7.2
6.9
6.7
6.9
6.6
5.8
5.8
6.7
6.6
6.0
6.6
7.1
8.0
8.4
8.5
9.6
7.4
8.1
8.9
8.4
8.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.7
4.7
5.3
4.3
4.6
5.0
4.7
4.6
NA
Expenditures
as Share
of GDPe
Emissions
Emissions
per Capita
Emissions
per
Real Dollard
of GDPe
Million
Metric Tons
Carbon
Dioxide
Metric
Tons
Carbon
Dioxide
Metric Tons
Carbon Dioxide
per Million
Chained (2009)
Dollarsd
15.6
16.2
16.1
17.8
20.8
20.6
21.0
20.2
19.0
18.7
19.6
19.3
19.2
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.2
19.7
19.8
19.9
20.0
20.0
20.5
20.5
20.4
20.4
20.8
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.4
20.3
19.8
19.9
19.1
17.6
18.0
17.4
16.6
16.9
17.0
1,091
980
937
871
902
824
740
702
679
644
633
606
586
586
588
577
563
558
549
545
531
523
522
506
489
471
467
454
450
441
433
421
404
403
392
374
377
362
340
344
339
2,382
2,685
2,914
3,462
4,261
4,439
4,771
4,646
4,405
4,377
4,614
4,600
4,608
4,766
4,984
5,070
5,039
4,993
5,087
5,185
5,261
5,323
5,510
5,584
5,635
5,688
5,868
5,761
5,804
5,853
5,970
5,993
5,910
6,001
5,809
5,386
5,576
5,439
5,227
5,355
5,406
Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP: Calculated as energy consumption

divided by U.S. gross domestic product in chained (2009) dollars (see Table C1).
Expenditures: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Price and
Expenditure Estimates, 1970 Through 2013" (July 2015), U.S. Table ET1.
Expenditures per Capita: Calculated as energy expenditures divided by U.S.
population (see Table C1). Expenditures as Share of GDP: Calculated as
energy expenditures divided by U.S. gross domestic product in nominal dollars (see
Table C1). Expenditures as Share of Gross Output: Calculated as energy
expenditures divided by U.S. gross output (see Table C1). Emissions:
19491972U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2011,
Table 11.1. 1973 forwardTable 12.1. Emissions per Capita: Calculated as
carbon dioxide emissions divided by U.S. population (see Table C1). Emissions
per Real Dollar of GDP: Calculated as carbon dioxide emissions divided by U.S.
gross domestic product in chained (2009) dollars (see Table C1).
17
Figure 1.8
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, 19492014
Mileage
Thousand Miles per Vehicle
30
Heavy-Duty Trucksc
25
20
15
Light-Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbaseb
10
Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbasea
5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Fuel Consumption
5
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle
Heavy-Duty Trucksc
4

0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Fuel Economy
25
Miles per Gallon
20
15
10
Heavy-Duty Trucksc
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
a
Through 1989, data are for passenger cars and motorcycles. For
19902006, data are for passenger cars only. Beginning in 2007, data
are for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport
utility vehicles) with a wheelbase less than or equal to 121 inches.
b
For 19662000, data are for vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility
vehicles. Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty vehicles (passenger
cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a wheelbase
greater than 121 inches.
c
For 19491965, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or
more tires, combination trucks, and other vehicles with 2 axles and 4
18
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
tires that are not passenger cars. For 19662006 data are for single-unit
trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more
tires (or a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 10,000 pounds), and
combination trucks.
Note: Through 1965, Light-Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbase data are
included in Heavy-Duty Trucks.
Source: Table 1.8.
Table 1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
Light-Duty Vehicles,
Short Wheelbasea
Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
1950 ..........
1955 ..........
1960 ..........
1965 ..........
1970 ..........
1975 ..........
1980 ..........
1981 ..........
1982 ..........
1983 ..........
1984 ..........
1985 ..........
1986 ..........
1987 ..........
1988 ..........
1989 ..........
1990 ..........
1991 ..........
1992 ..........
1993 ..........
1994 ..........
1995 ..........
1996 ..........
1997 ..........
1998 ..........
1999 ..........
2000 ..........
2001 ..........
2002 ..........
2003 ..........
2004 ..........
2005 ..........
2006 ..........
2007 ..........
2008 ..........
2009 ..........
2010 ..........
2011 ..........
2012 ..........
2013 ..........
2014P .......
9,060
9,447
9,518
9,603
9,989
9,309
8,813
8,873
9,050
9,118
9,248
9,419
9,464
9,720
9,972
10,157
10,504
10,571
10,857
10,804
10,992
11,203
11,330
11,581
11,754
11,848
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
12,485
a 10,710
10,290
10,391
10,650
11,150
11,262
11,244
11,048
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
603
645
668
661
737
665
551
538
535
534
530
538
543
539
531
533
520
501
517
527
531
530
534
539
544
553
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
a 468
435
442
456
481
484
480
476
Miles per
Gallon
15.0
14.6
14.3
14.5
13.5
14.0
16.0
16.5
16.9
17.1
17.4
17.5
17.4
18.0
18.8
19.0
20.2
21.1
21.0
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.2
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
22.5
a 22.9
23.7
23.5
23.3
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.2
Light-Duty Vehicles,
Long Wheelbaseb
Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
8,676
9,829
10,437
10,244
10,276
10,497
11,151
10,506
10,764
11,114
11,465
11,676
11,902
12,245
12,381
12,430
12,156
12,018
11,811
12,115
12,173
11,957
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
10,920
b 14,970
15,256
15,252
15,474
12,007
11,885
11,712
12,138
Heavy-Duty Trucksc
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
866
934
854
819
762
767
797
735
738
744
745
724
738
721
717
714
701
694
685
703
707
701
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
b 877
880
882
901
702
694
683
710
Miles per
Gallon
(e)
(e)
(e)
(e)
10.0
10.5
12.2
12.5
13.5
13.7
14.0
14.3
14.6
14.9
15.4
16.1
16.1
17.0
17.3
17.4
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.0
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
17.8
b 17.1
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.1
a Through 1989, data are for passenger cars and motorcycles. For 19902006,
data are for passenger cars only. Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty
vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a
wheelbase less than or equal to 121 inches.
b For 19662006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles.
Beginning in 2007, data are for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks,
vans, and sport utility vehicles) with a wheelbase greater than 121 inches.
c For 19491965, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires,
combination trucks, and other vehicles with 2 axles and 4 tires that are not
passenger cars. For 19662006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6
or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit
trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires (or a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding
10,000 pounds), and combination trucks.
Mileage
Miles per
Vehicle
10,316
10,576
10,693
10,851
13,565
15,167
18,736
19,016
19,931
21,083
22,550
20,597
22,143
23,349
22,485
22,926
23,603
24,229
25,373
26,262
25,838
26,514
26,092
27,032
25,397
26,014
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
25,231
c 28,290
28,573
26,274
26,604
26,054
25,255
R 25,951
25,594
All Motor Vehiclesd
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Mileage
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles per
Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
1,229
1,293
1,333
1,387
2,467
2,722
3,447
3,565
3,647
3,769
3,967
3,570
3,821
3,937
3,736
3,776
3,953
4,047
4,210
4,309
4,202
4,315
4,221
4,218
4,135
4,352
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
4,304
c 4,398
4,387
4,037
4,180
4,128
3,973
4,086
4,036
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.3
9,321
9,661
9,732
9,826
9,976
9,627
9,458
9,477
9,644
9,760
10,017
10,020
10,143
10,453
10,721
10,932
11,107
11,294
11,558
11,595
11,683
11,793
11,813
12,107
12,211
12,206
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
12,017
11,915
11,631
11,631
11,866
11,652
11,707
11,679
11,621
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles per
Gallon
725
761
784
787
830
790
712
697
686
686
691
685
692
694
688
688
677
669
683
693
698
700
700
711
721
732
720
695
719
718
714
706
698
693
667
661
681
665
665
663
666
12.8
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.0
12.2
13.3
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.6
14.7
15.1
15.6
15.9
16.4
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
16.9
16.7
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.4
17.6
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.6
17.5
d Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.

e Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources:
Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase: 19901994U.S.
Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National
Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13.
All Other Data:

19491994Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics
Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. 1995 forwardFHWA, Highway Statistics,
annual reports, Table VM-1.
19
Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

New
Englanda
Middle
Atlanticb
East North
Centralc
West North
Centrald
South
Atlantice
East South
Centralf
West South
Centralg
Mountainh
Pacifici
United
States
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
6,794
6,872
6,828
7,029
7,022
6,547
7,071
6,749
5,987
6,684
6,625
6,202
6,234
6,975
6,709
6,644
5,885
6,537
6,434
6,644
5,934
6,114
5,561
6,324
6,231
6,391
6,393
6,388
5,892
6,477
5,971
5,252
6,093
5,999
5,541
5,550
6,258
5,892
5,950
5,211
5,756
5,782
5,922
5,553
5,483
4,970
7,027
6,486
6,908
6,587
6,721
6,406
6,975
6,668
5,780
6,740
6,315
5,844
6,128
6,536
6,178
6,222
5,703
6,074
6,677
6,512
6,185
6,172
5,356
7,455
6,912
7,184
6,932
7,090
6,880
6,836
7,262
6,137
6,911
6,500
6,221
6,485
6,593
6,329
6,213
5,821
6,384
7,118
6,841
6,565
6,565
5,515
3,521
3,508
3,780
3,372
3,452
2,970
3,378
2,899
2,307
2,988
2,905
2,604
2,664
2,884
2,715
2,775
2,475
2,525
2,712
2,812
3,167
2,565
2,306
3,547
3,513
4,134
3,501
3,823
3,437
3,964
3,660
2,942
3,648
3,551
3,327
3,443
3,559
3,291
3,380
3,211
3,187
3,600
3,536
3,948
3,343
2,876
2,277
2,294
2,767
2,237
2,558
2,312
2,494
2,535
1,968
2,147
2,153
2,162
2,292
2,205
2,041
1,985
1,802
2,105
2,125
2,152
2,449
2,114
1,650
6,341
6,704
6,281
6,086
6,119
6,260
5,554
6,059
5,391
5,101
4,971
5,004
5,197
4,817
5,010
4,896
4,915
4,939
5,233
5,139
5,082
5,322
4,574
3,906
4,320
3,799
3,819
3,726
4,117
3,539
3,935
3,603
3,269
3,460
3,545
3,510
3,355
3,346
3,377
3,557
3,506
3,566
3,538
3,624
3,818
3,411
5,367
5,246
5,404
5,146
5,218
4,905
5,080
4,889
4,180
4,640
4,494
4,257
4,356
4,544
4,344
4,348
4,040
4,268
4,494
4,481
4,463
4,312
3,769
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1,170
1,026
920
566
245
36
1
27
139
397
785
1,113
6,426
1,064
990
897
480
192
22
1
17
111
315
748
1,002
5,838
1,178
1,090
1,021
543
174
40
8
21
89
392
837
1,228
6,621
1,263
1,097
1,048
630
227
48
15
18
67
439
879
1,404
7,135
506
506
505
151
60
1
0
1
19
125
385
477
2,736
681
623
628
216
70
1
0
0
16
169
544
700
3,648
497
368
311
123
15
0
0
0
1
67
347
597
2,326
1,018
808
592
458
217
57
11
16
99
414
613
970
5,272
645
520
392
289
158
51
12
14
55
239
390
596
3,362
828
733
660
348
136
26
5
12
59
257
572
829
4,465
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
R 1,303
R 1,305
R 1,103
R 1,026
R 504
R 178
R 1,518
R 1,322
1,484
1,348
R 759
R 1,031
20
7
19
74
R 310
758
R 897
R 6,202
1,013
690
564
R 181
48
1
0
0
16
R 161
R 625
R 627
R 3,926
R 650
1,095
R 496
205
27
29
19
120
R 417
R 937
R 1,009
R 7,194
969
798
683
325
127
28
10
13
57
R 220
614
706
4,551
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
R 1,335
R 1,416
R 1,259
R 1,319
R 1,335
R 1,405
1,103
R 589
R 146
84
7
8
43
457
5,187
1,002
481
101
30
4
R9
27
392
4,625
953
456
159
R 45
12
25
39
365
4,793

4,949
4,527
4,548
4,088
5,248
4,556
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
1,141
R 1,119
583
254
46
4
32
110
R 357
R 783
R 938
R 6,670
513
R 200
41
30
21
126
389
R 1,022
1,102
7,306
479
834
705
R 350
R 582
R 437
R 448
R 374
82
11
0
0
0
4
37
389
422
R 2,423
405
218
86
11
37
100
R 273
R 653
835
R 4,740
276
131
61
9
11
37
R 121
353
512
R 2,771
R 469
R 332
R 284
R 293
R 209
R 645
R 670
836
865
R 622
R 277
R 817
R 601
R 483
398
215
R 40
12
33
R 50
355
4,478
361
133
23
1
0
0
8
144
1,985
R 446
R 146
37
1
0
1
13
165
2,510
55
14
0
0
0
1
42
1,510
395
266
42
24
21
78
247
2,974
25
8
13
57
109
1,798
584
300
119
24
6
11
32
227
3,062
5,183
4,852
2,041
1,875
2,675
2,404
1,613
1,382
3,252
3,689
1,906
2,376
3,231
3,064
1,267
R 1,306
R 802
a Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and

Vermont.
b New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
c Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
d Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South
Dakota.
e Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland (and the District of Columbia), North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.
f Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee.
g Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.
h Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming.
i Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
R=Revised.
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements.
Heating
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature falls
below 65 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Cooling degree-days are the number of degrees
20
493
461
R 157
37
1
1
1
12
119
R 442
R 480
R 2,963
499
890
R 868
that the daily average temperature rises above 65F.

The daily average
temperature is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour
period. For example, a weather station recording an average daily temperature of
40F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling degree-days).
If a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of 78F, cooling
degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating degree days). Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Source:
State-level degree-day data are from U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Centers for Environmental Information.
Using these state-level data, the
U.S. Energy Information Administration calculates population-weighted
census-division and U.S. degree-day averages using state populations from
the same year the degree days are measured.
See methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/special/pdf/2012_sp_04.pdf.
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

New
Englanda
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Middle
Atlanticb
East North
Centralc
West North
Centrald
South
Atlantice
East South
Centralf
West South
Centralg
Mountainh
Pacifici
United
States
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
295
532
318
310
423
422
438
324
429
471
279
464
508
475
368
598
485
447
462
350
635
554
565
401
761
487
498
615
584
680
509
562
704
458
623
772
615
591
892
693
694
667
524
908
836
815
505
922
626
618
747
721
769
602
602
877
632
722
899
619
585
944
734
881
683
534
964
859
974
647
1,139
871
832
980
937
1,158
780
913
928
983
994
1,045
907
722
1,063
1,034
1,102
818
698
1,096
1,074
1,221
1,414
1,636
1,583
1,613
1,744
1,791
1,911
1,878
2,054
2,028
1,925
1,897
2,182
1,980
2,038
2,098
2,053
2,219
1,993
2,029
2,269
2,259
2,162
1,420
1,674
1,532
1,552
1,571
1,440
1,754
1,522
1,563
1,613
1,674
1,478
1,757
1,452
1,517
1,676
1,648
1,892
1,537
1,479
1,977
1,727
1,762
2,282
2,508
2,367
2,461
2,282
2,162
2,651
2,519
2,526
2,398
2,775
2,543
2,515
2,496
2,482
2,647
2,786
2,475
2,501
2,590
2,757
3,112
2,915
682
780
974
780
971
903
1,071
1,095
1,212
1,213
1,480
1,508
1,467
1,553
1,290
1,372
1,466
1,564
1,385
1,393
1,358
1,450
1,573
629
558
796
577
734
597
653
761
838
794
772
861
783
978
828
777
922
828
918
894
674
736
917
871
1,144
1,000
979
1,079
1,049
1,214
1,121
1,200
1,261
1,232
1,255
1,363
1,268
1,217
1,388
1,360
1,392
1,282
1,241
1,456
1,470
1,495
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
8
88
304
123
17
0
0
0
540
0
0
0
0
23
134
326
160
36
6
0
0
683
0
0
0
0
71
142
218
181
72
6
0
0
690
0
0
0
1
49
181
263
251
141
7
0
0
892
58
35
16
91
154
349
414
370
255
134
66
58
2,000
9
2
2
20
113
319
339
342
235
55
1
2
1,441
18
22
34
64
229
490
519
563
433
145
15
4
2,536
0
0
23
47
122
309
390
337
186
39
9
0
1,462
7
7
13
25
58
135
252
209
137
27
13
9
892
15
11
11
34
100
245
339
288
177
56
18
13
1,306
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
R7
69
R 202
109
33
0
0
0
R 421
0
0
0
0
26
R 130
219
R 150
65
R6
0
0
596
0
0
0
1
54
R 176
133
197
46
2
0
0
609
0
0
0
4
65
194
199
R 262
78
12
0
0
R 813
20
0
1
5
R 26
R 147
330
308
R 376
237
61
0
4
R 1,496
5
8
21
96
R 226
457
503
557
381
R 196
10
14
R 2,474
R 14
R7
R 20
10
15
R 25
71
127
R 275
229
R 190
R 86
18
7
1,068
7
12
15
37
113
242
301
292
R 183
74
11
10
R 1,297
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
0
0
0
0
R 32
39
194
R 207
R 88
0
561
0
0
0
0
R 71
R 113
R 249
R 228
135
1
798
0
0
0
1
R 82
R 138
202
169
R 128
7
727
0
0
3
8
56
202
290
202
168
13
941
9
7
30
53
125
255
R 337
R 315
R 224
77
1,433

421
540
596
683
609
690
813
892
1,276
1,275
a Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and

Vermont.
b New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
c Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
d Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South
Dakota.
e Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland (and the District of Columbia), North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.
f Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee.
g Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.
h Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming.
i Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
R=Revised.
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements.
Cooling
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature rises
above 65 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Heating degree-days are the number of
R 44
42
R 82
R 209
350
399
R 380
279
R 127
31
36
2,001
R 33
R6
47
119
272
R 391
R 272
206
86
9
0
R 1,432
134
2,189
3
0
21
52
175
R 351
R 442
R 341
235
58
1,677
425
189
2,671
83
1,484
11
14
28
23
R 27
R 179
R 226
R 264
R 197
100
1,068
1,933
1,876
1,492
1,438
2,450
2,516
1,423
1,453
1,043
870
18
R 85
130
R 240
R 392
453
R 409
R 295
2
11
R 40
R 32
141
261
R 455
41
R 77
R 315
586
328
R 561
R 364
R 232
degrees that the daily average temperature falls below 65F. The daily average
temperature is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour
period. For example, if a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of
78F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating
degree-days). A weather station recording an average daily temperature of 40F
would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling degree-days).
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
beginning in 1973.
Source:
State-level degree-day data are from U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Centers for Environmental Information.
Using these state-level data, the
U.S. Energy Information Administration calculates population-weighted
census-division and U.S. degree-day averages using state populations from
the same year the degree days are measured.
See methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/special/pdf/2012_sp_04.pdf.
21
Energy Overview
Note. Merchandise Trade Value. Imports data presented
are based on the customs values. Those values do not
include insurance and freight and are consequently lower
than the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) values, which are
also reported by the Bureau of the Census. All exports data,
and imports data through 1980, are on a free alongside ship
(f.a.s.) basis.
Balance is exports minus imports; a positive balance
indicates a surplus trade value and a negative balance
indicates a deficit trade value. Energy includes mineral
fuels, lubricants, and related material. Non-Energy Balance
and Total Merchandise include foreign exports (i.e.,
re-exports) and nonmonetary gold and U.S. Department of
Defense Grant-Aid shipments. The Non-Energy Balance
is calculated by subtracting the Energy from the Total
Merchandise Balance.
Imports consist of government and nongovernment
shipments of merchandise into the 50 states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the
U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. They reflect the total arrival
from foreign countries of merchandise that immediately
entered consumption channels, warehouses, the Foreign
Trade Zones, or the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. They
exclude shipments between the United States, Puerto Rico,
and U.S. possessions, shipments to U.S. Armed Forces and
diplomatic missions abroad for their own use, U.S. goods
returned to the United States by its Armed Forces, and
in-transit shipments.
Table 1.2 Sources

Coal
19491988: Coal production data from Table 6.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal production heat
content factors in Table A5.
1989 forward: Coal production data from Table 6.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal production heat
content factors in Table A5. Waste coal supplied data from
Table 6.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the waste
coal supplied heat content factors in Table A5. Coal
production (including waste coal supplied) is equal to coal
production plus waste coal supplied.
Natural Gas (Dry)
1949 forward: Natural gas (dry) production data from Table
4.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas
(dry) production heat content factors in Table A4.
Crude Oil
1949 forward: Crude oil (including lease condensate)
production data from Table 3.1 are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the crude oil (including lease condensate)
production heat content factors in Table A2.
22
NGPL
1949 forward: Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production
data from Table 3.1 are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the NGPL production heat content factors in Table A2.
Fossil Fuels Total
1949 forward: Total fossil fuels production is the sum of
the production values for coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil,
and NGPL.
1949 forward: Nuclear electricity net generation data from
Table 7.2a are converted to Btu by multiplying by the
nuclear heat rate factors in Table A6.
Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Table 10.1.
Total Primary Energy Production
1949 forward: Total primary energy production is the sum
of the production values for fossil fuels, nuclear electric
power, and renewable energy.
Table 1.3 Sources

Coal
1949 forward: Coal consumption data from Table 6.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the total coal consumption heat content factors in Table A5.
Natural Gas
19491979: Natural gas (including supplemental gaseous
fuels) consumption data from Table 4.1 are converted to Btu
by multiplying by the total natural gas consumption heat
1980 forward: Natural gas (including supplemental gaseous
fuels) consumption data from Table 4.1 are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total natural gas consumption heat content
factors in Table A4. Supplemental gaseous fuels data in Btu
are estimated using the method described in Note 3, Supplemental Gaseous Fuels, at the end of Section 4. Natural gas
(excluding supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to
natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption minus supplemental gaseous fuels.
Petroleum
19491992: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is
equal to total petroleum products supplied from Table 3.6.
19932008: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is
equal to total petroleum products supplied from Table 3.6
minus fuel ethanol consumption from Table 10.3.
2009 forward: Petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption
is equal to: total petroleum products supplied from Table 3.6;
minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from
Table 10.3; minus refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol) from U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Annual/Petroleum
Supply Monthly, Table 1 (for biomass-based diesel fuel, the
data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel
heat content factor in Table A1; for other renewable diesel

fuel, the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the other
renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1).
Coal Coke Net Imports
1949 forward: Coal coke net imports are equal to coal coke
imports from Table 1.4a minus coal coke exports from
Table 1.4b.
Fossil Fuels Total
1949 forward: Total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of
the consumption values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum,
plus coal coke net imports.
Renewable Energy
Electricity Net Imports
1949 forward: Electricity net imports are equal to electricity
imports from Table 1.4a minus electricity exports from
Table 1.4b.
Total Primary Energy Consumption
1949 forward: Total primary energy consumption is the sum
of the consumption values for fossil fuels, nuclear electric
power, and renewable energy, plus electricity net imports.
Table 1.4a Sources

Coal
1949 forward: Coal imports data from Table 6.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal imports heat
Coal Coke
1949 forward: Coal coke imports data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report
IM 145, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal
coke imports heat content factor in Table A5.
Natural Gas
1949 forward: Natural gas imports data from Table 4.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas imports
heat content factors in Table A4.
crude oil imports from Table 3.3b; petroleum products

(excluding biofuels) imports data are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the total petroleum products imports heat
19932008:
Petroleum products (excluding biofuels)
imports are equal to petroleum products (including biofuels)
imports (see 19491992 sources above) minus fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) imports (see BiofuelsFuel Ethanol
(Minus Denaturant) sources below).
2009 forward: Renewable fuels (excluding fuel ethanol)
imports data are from U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Tables 1 and 25, and
Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Tables 1 and 37 (for
biomass-based diesel fuel and other renewable fuels, the
data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel
heat content factor in Table A1; for other renewable diesel
fuel, the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the
other renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1).
Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports are equal
to petroleum products (including biofuels) imports (see
19491992 sources above) minus fuel ethanol (minus
denaturant) imports (see BiofuelsFuel Ethanol (Minus
Denaturant) sources below) minus renewable fuels
(excluding fuel ethanol) imports.
Total Petroleum
1949 forward: Total petroleum imports are equal to crude
oil imports plus petroleum products imports.
BiofuelsFuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)
1993 forward: Fuel ethanol (including denaturant) imports
data are from PSA/PSM Table 1. Fuel ethanol (minus
denaturant) production is equal to fuel ethanol (including
denaturant) production from Table 10.3 minus denaturant from
Table 10.3. Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) imports are equal
to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) imports multiplied by
the ratio of fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) production to fuel
ethanol (including denaturant) production. Fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) imports data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 3.539 million Btu per barrel, the undenatured
ethanol heat content factor in Table A3.
BiofuelsBiodiesel
2001 forward: Biodiesel imports data are from Table 10.4,
and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel
heat content factor in Table A1.
Crude Oil
1949 forward: Crude oil imports data from Table 3.3b are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the crude oil imports
BiofuelsOther Renewable Fuels

2009 forward: Other renewable fuels imports data are from
PSA Table 25 and PSM Table 37. For other renewable
diesel fuel, the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the other renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table
A1; for other renewable fuels, the data are converted to Btu
by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table
A1.
Petroleum Products
19491992: Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) imports
are equal to total petroleum imports from Table 3.3b minus
Total Biofuels
19932000: Total biofuels imports are equal to fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) imports.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016
23
20012008: Total biofuels imports are equal to fuel ethanol

(minus denaturant) imports plus biodiesel imports.
2009 forward: Total biofuels imports are the sum of imports
values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), biodiesel, and
other renewable fuels.
Electricity
1949 forward: Electricity imports data from Table 7.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat
content factor in Table A6.
Total Primary Energy Imports
1949 forward: Total primary energy imports are the sum of
the imports values for coal, coal coke, natural gas, total
petroleum, total biofuels, and electricity.
Table 1.4b Sources

Coal
1949 forward: Coal exports data from Table 6.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal exports heat
multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1.

Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) exports are equal to
petroleum products (including biofuels) exports (see 2010
sources above) minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)
exports (see BiofuelsFuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)
sources below) minus biomass-based diesel fuel exports.
Total Petroleum
1949 forward: Total petroleum exports are equal to crude
oil exports plus petroleum products exports.
BiofuelsFuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)
2010 forward: Fuel ethanol (including denaturant) exports
data are from PSA/PSM Table 1. Fuel ethanol (minus
denaturant) production is equal to fuel ethanol (including
denaturant) production from Table 10.3 minus denaturant
from Table 10.3. Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports
are equal to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) exports
multiplied by the ratio of fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)
production to fuel ethanol (including denaturant) production. Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports are converted
to Btu by multiplying by 3.539 million Btu per barrel, the
undenatured ethanol heat content factor in Table A3.
Coal Coke
1949 forward: Coal coke exports data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report
EM 545, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the coal
coke exports heat content factor in Table A5.
BiofuelsBiodiesel
2001 forward: Biodiesel exports data are from Table 10.4,
and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel
Natural Gas
1949 forward: Natural gas exports data from Table 4.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas exports
Total Biofuels
20012009: Total biofuels exports are equal to biodiesel
exports.
2010 forward: Total biofuels exports are equal to fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) exports plus biodiesel exports.
Crude Oil
1949 forward: Crude oil exports data from Table 3.3b are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the crude oil exports
Petroleum Products
19492009: Petroleum products (excluding biofuels)
exports are equal to total petroleum exports from Table
3.3b minus crude oil exports from Table 3.3b; petroleum
products (excluding biofuels) exports data are converted
to Btu by multiplying by the total petroleum products
exports heat content factors in Table A2.
2010: Petroleum products (including biofuels) exports are
equal to total petroleum exports from Table 3.3b minus crude
oil exports from Table 3.3b; petroleum products (including
biofuels) exports data are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total petroleum products exports heat content factors in
Table A2. Petroleum products (excluding biofuels) exports
are equal to petroleum products (including biofuels) exports
minus fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) exports (see
BiofuelsFuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant) sources below).
2011 forward: Biomass-based diesel fuel exports data are
from U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum
Supply Annual (PSA), Table 31, and Petroleum Supply
Monthly (PSM), Table 49, and are converted to Btu by
24
Electricity
1949 forward: Electricity exports data from Table 7.1 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat
Total Primary Energy Exports
1949 forward: Total primary energy exports are the sum of
the exports values for coal, coal coke, natural gas, total
petroleum, total biofuels, and electricity.
Total Primary Energy Net Imports
1949 forward: Total primary energy net imports are equal
to total primary energy imports from Table 1.4a minus total
primary energy exports.
Table 1.5 Sources

U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau,
Foreign Trade Division:
Petroleum Exports
19741987: U.S. Exports, FT-410, December issues.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
19901992: U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final Report.

19932009: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
Annual Revisions.
2012 Annual Revisions.
20122014: U.S. International Trade in Goods and
Services, 2014 Annual Revisions.
FT-900, monthly.
Petroleum Imports
19741987: U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT-900, December
issues, 19751988.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
Services, Annual Revisions.
FT-900, monthly.
Energy Exports and Imports
19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and
database printouts for adjustments.
1988: JanuaryJuly, monthly FT-900 supplement, 1989 issues.
AugustDecember, monthly FT-900, 1989 issues.
1989: Monthly FT-900, 1990 issues.
Annual Revisions.

FT-900, monthly.
Petroleum Balance
1974 forward: The petroleum balance is calculated by the
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) as petroleum
imports minus petroleum exports.
Energy Balance
1974 forward: The energy balance is calculated by EIA as
energy imports minus energy exports.
Non-Energy Balance
1974 forward: The non-energy balance is calculated by EIA
as the total merchandise balance minus the energy balance.
Total Merchandise
19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and database
printouts for adjustments.
1988: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1988 Final
Revisions, August 18, 1989.
1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1989
Revisions, July 10, 1990.
1990: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1990 Final Report, May
10, 1991, and U.S. Merchandise Trade, December 1992,
February 18, 1993, page 3.
1991: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1992 Final Report, May
12, 1993.
Annual Revisions.
FT-900, monthly.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016
25
THISPAGEINTENTIONALLYLEFTBLANK
2. Energy Consumption
by Sector
Figure 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 19492014
40
Industrial
30
Transportation
Residential
20
Commercial
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

4
Transportation
Industrial
2
Residential
Commercial
1
0
J
M A
J J
2013
O N D
M A
J J
2014
S O N D
M A
J J
2015
O N D
By Sector, October 2015

4
Primary Consumption
Total Consumption
2.910
3
2.546
2.354
2.360
1.743
1.390
1.350
1
0.367
0.271
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.

Source: Table 2.1.
28
Electric
Power
Table 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Residential
Commerciala
Industrialb
Transportation
Electric
Power
Sectorc,d
Balancing
Itemg
Primary
Totalh
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
7,158
6,867
6,911
7,237
6,992
6,908
6,165
6,603
6,911
6,662
6,590
6,495
5,779
5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,518
20,424
20,041
20,790
21,124
21,087
21,620
20,681
21,534
21,689
21,107
21,844
21,404
19,965
2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,100
4,278
4,084
4,131
4,297
4,231
4,050
3,745
3,919
4,094
4,048
4,011
4,050
3,695
3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
17,175
17,136
17,345
17,345
17,654
17,852
17,705
18,249
18,396
17,880
18,047
17,966
17,392
13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,718
22,823
21,793
21,798
21,533
22,411
21,410
21,528
21,362
20,527
18,754
20,275
20,425
20,735
16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,970
34,662
32,719
32,661
32,553
33,515
32,441
32,390
32,385
31,333
28,464
30,523
30,812
30,908
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,796
26,495
26,219
26,785
26,826
27,764
28,199
28,638
28,772
27,404
26,605
26,978
26,632
26,144
8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,851
26,555
26,282
26,846
26,900
27,843
28,280
28,717
28,859
27,486
26,687
27,059
26,712
26,219
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
24,269
26,032
d 30,495
33,479
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,028
38,701
39,626
39,417
40,371
39,969
38,069
39,619
39,293
38,131
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
-1
-4
-9
3
2
-6
5
-1
-6
(s)
(s)
-1
1
(s)
7
8
2
34,616
40,208
45,086
54,015
67,838
71,965
78,067
76,392
84,485
91,032
98,819
96,172
97,647
97,921
100,094
100,193
99,492
101,027
98,906
94,138
97,480
96,902
94,487
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,090
947
856
528
334
254
245
246
257
365
677
1,033
6,832
2,446
2,079
2,009
1,498
1,334
1,496
1,740
1,665
1,463
1,362
1,709
2,396
21,196
585
526
484
320
226
184
185
191
198
261
413
554
4,125
1,693
1,537
1,554
1,349
1,367
1,420
1,509
1,498
1,374
1,389
1,502
1,702
17,895
1,875
1,682
1,757
1,676
1,739
1,674
1,752
1,733
1,754
1,827
1,862
1,924
21,255
2,703
2,450
2,585
2,490
2,631
2,560
2,655
2,636
2,579
2,663
2,701
2,749
31,403
2,137
1,945
2,227
2,179
2,281
2,235
2,350
2,355
2,212
2,303
2,219
2,226
26,670
2,144
1,952
2,234
2,185
2,287
2,242
2,357
2,361
2,218
2,309
2,225
2,233
26,749
3,298
2,917
3,058
2,820
3,040
3,370
3,729
3,636
3,214
2,967
2,967
3,343
38,360
-1
-1
-2
-4
-3
2
5
4
1
-2
-2
1
-1
8,985
8,016
8,381
7,519
7,616
7,719
8,267
8,165
7,636
7,721
8,135
9,081
97,241
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
R 1,252
R 1,050
R 893
R 502
R 354
R 267
R 254
R 250
R 277
R 378
R 726
R 916
R 7,118
R 2,789
R 2,333
R 2,076
R 1,433
R 1,359
R 1,506
R 1,676
R 1,649
R 1,458
R 1,353
R 1,772
R 2,158
R 667
R 582
R 507
R 307
R 237
R 197
R 191
R 193
R 212
R 271
R 441
R 514
R 1,861
R 1,624
R 1,615
R 1,388
R 1,440
R 1,493
R 1,487
R 1,386
R 1,395
R 1,538
R 1,626
R 1,949
R 1,723
R 1,781
R 1,743
R 1,715
R 1,676
R 1,759
R 1,766
R 1,757
R 1,830
R 1,810
R 1,876
R 2,790
R 2,476
R 2,615
R 2,555
R 2,611
R 2,575
R 2,676
R 2,691
R 2,593
R 2,676
R 2,663
R 2,700
R 2,157
R 1,998
R 2,224
R 2,228
R 2,289
R 2,255
R 2,377
R 2,380
R 2,212
R 2,346
R 2,228
R 2,316
R 2,165
R 2,005
R 2,230
R 2,234
R 2,295
R 2,262
R 2,383
R 2,387
R 2,218
R 2,352
R 2,235
R 2,323
R 21,558
R 4,320
R 18,195
R 21,385
R 31,622
R 27,010
R 27,090
3,579
3,085
3,130
2,785
3,059
3,386
3,647
3,626
3,198
2,951
3,002
3,184
38,632
6
4
2
-2
(s)
3
6
5
2
-4
1
1
25
9,611
8,441
8,537
7,562
7,653
7,785
8,234
8,219
7,658
7,773
8,208
8,808
98,491
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
R 1,146
R 1,093
R 810
R 462
R 316
R 2,573
R 2,365
R 1,978
R 1,368
R 1,323
R 1,507
R 1,759
R 633
R 612
R 468
R 294
R 217
R 1,783
R 1,695
R 1,545
R 1,340
R 1,373
R 1,932
1,436
1,529
R 1,506
R 1,399
1,390
14,997
R 2,514
R 2,222
R 2,014
R 2,324
R 2,240
R 2,347
R 2,328
R 2,448
R 2,441
R 2,304
R 2,229
R 2,021
R 2,331
R 2,247
R 2,354
R 2,335
R 2,455
R 2,447
R 2,310
1,350
17,404
182
R 184
R 190
R 188
271
3,241
R 2,732
R 2,523
R 2,598
R 2,515
R 2,597
R 2,615
R 2,697
2,546
26,007
2,354
23,023
2,360
23,089
3,383
3,126
3,023
2,743
3,024
3,406
3,769
3,681
3,275
2,910
32,340
4
3
(s)
-1
1
4
6
4
2
-5
17

5,477
5,122
17,631
17,093
3,365
3,160
15,030
14,690
26,258
25,952
22,466
22,225
22,532
22,290
32,445
32,050
22
(s)
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
242
R 235
R 231
R 230
367
5,133
1,710
R 1,472
1,342
1,758
R 1,826
R 1,730
R 1,742
R 1,734
R 1,804
1,792
1,697
1,743
17,759
17,699
17,469
a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public.
d Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
f Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy
consumption, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note
1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of section.
g A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use
sectors equals the sum of total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However,
total energy consumption does not equal the sum of the sectoral components due
2,672
9,321
8,607
R 8,451
7,468
7,647
7,896
8,446
R 8,339
R 7,697
7,642
81,514
81,474
80,026
to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for coal and natural gas.
h Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for the electric power sector. See Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly
data beginning in 1973.
Sources: End-Use Sectors: Tables 2.22.5. Electric Power Sector:
Table 2.6. Balancing Item: Calculated as primary energy total consumption
minus the sum of total energy consumption in the four end-use sectors.
Primary Total: Table 1.3.
29
Figure 2.2
Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

6
Natural Gas
5
4
Electricitya
3
2
Petroleum
Renewable Energy
Coal
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1.2
Natural Gas
0.9
0.6
Electricitya
0.3
Renewable Energy
Petroleum
0.0
J
F M A M
J J
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2014
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2015
S O N D
By Major Source, October 2015
20
17.093
17.631
17.404
Electricitya
0.338
15
Natural Gas
0.206
10
Petroleum
0.096
5
Renewable
Energy
0.065
0
2013
2014
2015
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
a
Electricity retail sales.
Source: Table 2.2.
30
0.4
0.5
0.6
Table 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Natural
Gasc
Petroleum
Total
Geothermal
Solar/
PVd
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salese
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesf
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,261
867
585
352
209
63
31
39
31
17
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,240
2,198
3,212
4,028
4,987
5,023
4,825
4,534
4,491
4,954
5,105
4,889
4,995
5,209
4,981
4,946
4,476
4,835
5,010
4,883
4,878
4,805
4,242
1,322
1,767
2,227
2,432
2,725
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,373
1,553
1,528
1,456
1,546
1,519
1,450
1,221
1,249
1,324
1,157
1,121
1,048
892
3,824
4,833
6,024
6,811
7,922
7,564
6,589
6,138
5,916
6,345
6,669
6,429
6,463
6,768
6,511
6,405
5,704
6,092
6,334
6,040
5,999
5,852
5,134
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
40
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
114
153
186
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
580
520
420
370
380
400
410
430
380
420
470
500
440
450
420
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
641
591
489
438
448
470
481
504
462
512
577
622
591
643
646
4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
7,158
6,867
6,911
7,237
6,992
6,908
6,165
6,603
6,911
6,662
6,590
6,495
5,779
246
438
687
993
1,591
2,007
2,448
2,709
3,153
3,557
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
4,750
4,711
4,657
4,933
4,855
4,690
913
1,232
1,701
2,367
3,852
4,817
5,866
6,184
7,235
8,026
9,197
9,074
9,562
9,534
9,687
10,074
9,905
10,180
10,068
9,788
10,321
10,054
9,496
5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,518
20,424
20,041
20,790
21,124
21,087
21,620
20,681
21,534
21,689
21,107
21,844
21,404
19,965
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
895
770
679
376
198
131
114
110
121
228
531
870
5,023
124
113
105
84
65
54
59
64
67
66
77
92
970
1,019
883
785
459
263
185
174
174
188
294
608
962
5,993
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
19
17
19
18
19
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
219
49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580
71
64
71
69
71
69
71
71
69
71
69
71
839
1,090
947
856
528
334
254
245
246
257
365
677
1,033
6,832
450
386
382
326
325
403
491
471
414
337
334
440
4,759
906
746
771
644
675
839
1,005
949
792
659
698
922
9,605
2,446
2,079
2,009
1,498
1,334
1,496
1,740
1,665
1,463
1,362
1,709
2,396
21,196
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,069
879
721
367
209
129
116
108
125
218
560
738
5,237
1,178
R 983
R 819
R 430
R 280
R 196
R 180
R 176
R 205
R 304
R 654
R 842
R 6,247
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
21
19
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
252
49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580
74
67
74
72
74
72
74
74
72
74
72
74
871
R
R
1,252
1,050
R 893
R 502
R 354
R 267
R 254
R 250
R 277
R 378
R 726
R 916
R 7,118
500
438
390
315
R 327
R 403
R 468
463
412
R 335
339
R 412
4,801
1,037
R 844
793
617
678
836
954
936
769
641
707
830
9,639
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
964
931
656
334
185
127
111
R 106
111
206
3,731
R
R
R
R
R
1,081
1,034
R 745
R 399
R 251
179
169
166
R 167
302
4,494
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
34
24
22
24
23
24
23
24
24
23
24
234
38
34
38
37
38
37
38
38
37
38
372
65
59
65
63
65
63
65
65
63
65
640
R
R
1,146
1,093
R 810
R 462
R 316
242
R 235
R 231
R 230
367
5,133
469
422
399
307
324
409
496
492
426
338
4,082
958
849
770
599
682
855
1,028
987
815
645
8,188
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

NA
NA
3,941
3,623
811
801
4,752
4,424
33
33
210
182
483
483
726
698
5,477
5,122
4,050
3,985
8,104
7,986
17,631
17,093
R
R
110
105
98
64
71
67
64
68
80
85
95
R 104
R 1,009
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
116
103
89
65
67
52
R 58
60
56
96
763
a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

d Includes distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial,
industrial, and electric power sectors.
e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
2,789
2,333
2,076
1,433
1,359
1,506
1,676
1,649
1,458
1,353
1,772
2,158
R 21,558
2,573
2,365
1,978
1,368
1,323
1,507
1,759
1,710
R 1,472
1,350
17,404
electricity retail sales. See Note 1, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for electricity retail sales. See Note 2,
"Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is
the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
31
Figure 2.3
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

5
Electricitya
4
Natural Gas
3
Petroleum
Coal
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

0.8
0.6
Electricitya
0.4
Renewable
Energy
0.2
Natural Gas
Petroleum
0.0
J
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2014
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2015
S O N D
18
Electricitya
15
14.690
15.030
0.385
14.997
Natural Gas
0.198
12
9
Petroleum
Renewable
Energy
0.013
Coal
0.005
0.056
3
0
2013
2014
2015
0.0
0.2

Source: Table 2.3.
32
0.4
0.6
Table 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Total
Electricity
Retail
Salesf
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesg
Total
Coal
1,542
801
407
265
165
147
115
137
124
117
92
97
90
82
103
97
65
70
81
73
70
62
44
401
651
1,056
1,490
2,473
2,558
2,651
2,488
2,682
3,096
3,252
3,097
3,212
3,261
3,201
3,073
2,902
3,085
3,228
3,187
3,165
3,216
2,960
872
1,095
1,248
1,413
1,592
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
806
789
725
841
809
761
661
646
660
659
647
636
562
2,815
2,547
2,711
3,168
4,229
4,051
4,084
3,708
3,798
3,982
4,150
3,983
4,027
4,184
4,113
3,931
3,627
3,801
3,970
3,919
3,881
3,914
3,565
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19
20
20
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
94
113
119
92
95
101
105
105
103
103
109
112
111
115
108
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
98
118
128
101
104
113
118
120
118
118
125
129
130
136
130
2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,100
4,278
4,084
4,131
4,297
4,231
4,050
3,745
3,919
4,094
4,048
4,011
4,050
3,695
225
350
543
789
1,201
1,598
1,906
2,351
2,860
3,252
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
4,560
4,559
4,459
4,539
4,531
4,528
834
984
1,344
1,880
2,908
3,835
4,567
5,368
6,564
7,337
8,942
8,990
9,104
8,958
9,225
9,451
9,525
9,771
9,743
9,373
9,497
9,385
9,168
3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
17,175
17,136
17,345
17,345
17,654
17,852
17,705
18,249
18,396
17,880
18,047
17,966
17,392
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
4
4
41
492
440
404
256
173
139
138
140
145
212
354
486
3,380
76
70
63
50
37
30
32
36
38
34
43
51
561
573
515
472
308
213
172
173
179
186
249
401
541
3,982
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
120
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
143
585
526
484
320
226
184
185
191
198
261
413
554
4,125
368
345
355
346
371
401
434
434
404
382
353
371
4,562
740
666
715
683
771
835
889
873
773
746
737
778
9,208
1,693
1,537
1,554
1,349
1,367
1,420
1,509
1,498
1,374
1,389
1,502
1,702
17,895
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
5
5
5
3
3
2
3
3
3
4
5
6
48
589
505
434
258
182
146
142
141
153
208
372
440
3,569
R 59
R 60
R 56
R 34
R 40
R 654
R 571
R 495
R 295
R 224
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
11
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
123
13
11
12
12
13
12
13
13
12
12
12
12
148
R 667
R 582
R 507
R 307
R 237
R 197
R 191
R 193
R 212
R 271
R 441
R 514
806
686
R 1,861
R 1,624
R 1,615
185
R 178
R 180
R 200
R 259
R 430
R 502
R 4,172
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
R 389
37
R 34
36
R 43
R 46
R 52
R 57
R 556
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R 620
R 600
R 455
R 282
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
5
4
5
48
548
536
400
243
166
139
138
R 141
142
198
2,652
R 67
R 58
R 49
56
417

37
33
2,758
2,540
446
467
35
R 35
R 26
R 29
R 32
R 30
Wind
Biomass
Total
Primary
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Petroleumd
Hydroelectric
GeoSolar/
Powere thermal
PV
Natural
Gasc
Total
R 4,320
R 633
R 612
R 468
R 294
R 217
356
365
R 350
374
404
428
R 429
R 410
386
356
R 369
4,614
866
765
739
741
R 743
9,262
772
723
709
692
784
848
907
878
795
734
7,843
R 1,783
R 1,695
R 1,545
R 1,340
R 1,373
7,776
7,692
15,030
14,690
259
3,116
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
16
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
5
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
11
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
102
13
12
13
12
12
12
13
12
12
13
125
271
3,241
378
360
367
354
372
406
438
438
416
385
3,913
3,241
3,040
(s)
(s)
16
16
3
2
1
(s)
103
100
124
119
3,365
3,160
3,889
3,838
205
170
R 171
R 178
R 176

b See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.

d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels
are included in "Biomass."
f Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
g Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
section.
182
R 184
R 190
R 188
R 742
685
777
R 838
R 873
1,342
R 1,388
R 1,440
R 1,493
R 1,487
R 1,386
R 1,395
R 1,538
R 1,626
R 18,195
1,436
1,529
R 1,506
R 1,399
1,390
14,997
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals beginning in 2008;
hydroelectric power; solar/PV; wind; and electricity retail sales beginning in 1979.
The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 2, "Energy
Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page:
33
Figure 2.4
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

12
Petroleum
9
Natural Gas
6
Electricitya
3
Coal
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
F M A M
J J A
2015
2010

1.0
Natural Gas
0.8
0.6
Petroleum
Renewable Energy
0.4
Electricitya
0.2
Coal
0.0
J
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
28
25.952
J J A
2014
S O N D
S O N D

26.258
26.007
24
Natural
Gas
20
Petroleum
0.768
0.658
16
0.276
Electricitya
12
Renewable
Energy
8
4
Coal
0.193
0.126
0
2013
2014
2015
0.0
0.2
0.4
a
Source: Table 2.4.
34
0.6
0.8
1.0
Table 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleumd
Totale
Hydroelectric
Powerf
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
5,781
5,620
4,543
5,127
4,656
3,667
3,155
2,760
2,756
2,488
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
1,865
1,793
1,392
1,631
1,561
1,513
3,546
4,701
5,973
7,339
9,536
8,532
8,333
7,032
8,451
9,592
9,500
8,676
8,832
8,488
8,550
7,907
7,861
8,074
8,083
7,609
8,278
8,481
8,819
3,960
5,123
5,766
6,813
7,776
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,585
9,073
9,177
9,167
9,229
9,825
9,634
9,767
9,442
8,576
7,806
8,167
8,105
8,147
13,288
15,434
16,277
19,260
21,911
20,339
20,962
17,492
19,463
20,726
20,895
20,074
20,078
19,809
20,560
19,540
19,603
19,405
18,493
16,784
18,070
18,157
18,482
69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
31
55
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
17
22
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
3
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
132
127
131
126
128
125
125
127
127
133
131
132
1,546
821
754
798
741
736
702
723
737
716
758
797
855
9,140
733
629
643
628
685
661
708
678
731
745
744
736
8,322
1,686
1,511
1,570
1,494
1,549
1,486
1,555
1,541
1,573
1,635
1,670
1,721
18,991
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
33
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
126
125
130
123
125
126
124
129
123
132
121
121
1,505
867
791
826
769
752
727
753
758
736
761
809
846
9,397
R 762
R 632
R 632
R 663
R 648
R 631
R 685
R 686
R 715
R 745
R 691
R 708
R 1,754
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
1,546
R 1,588
R 1,554
R 1,523
R 1,484
R 1,561
R 1,569
R 1,571
R 1,637
R 1,619
R 1,672
R 8,199
R 19,078
R 739
R 662
R 695
R 672
R 684
R 706
R 741
R 722
R 664
R 1,732
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
121
115
119
111
111
114
117
122
118
126
1,172
874
806
821
762
757
727
749
R 756
R 730
768
7,750
658
6,942

1,263
1,283
7,742
7,488
6,799
6,841
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salesg
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesh
Totale
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,678
1,815
1,834
1,892
1,937
2,012
1,948
2,185
2,246
2,226
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,724
1,851
1,870
1,925
1,957
2,034
1,971
2,205
2,268
2,253
13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,718
22,823
21,793
21,798
21,533
22,411
21,410
21,528
21,362
20,527
18,754
20,275
20,425
20,735
500
887
1,107
1,463
1,948
2,346
2,781
2,855
3,226
3,455
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
3,507
3,444
3,130
3,314
3,382
3,363
1,852
2,495
2,739
3,487
4,716
5,632
6,664
6,518
7,404
7,796
8,208
7,526
7,484
7,565
7,631
7,554
7,411
7,515
7,362
6,580
6,934
7,005
6,810
16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,970
34,662
32,719
32,661
32,553
33,515
32,441
32,390
32,385
31,333
28,464
30,523
30,812
30,908
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
185
167
184
179
186
185
194
189
179
189
190
199
2,226
189
171
187
182
190
188
198
192
181
192
192
202
2,264
1,875
1,682
1,757
1,676
1,739
1,674
1,752
1,733
1,754
1,827
1,862
1,924
21,255
275
262
275
274
290
287
296
300
283
283
272
266
3,362
553
506
554
541
602
599
607
603
542
553
568
558
6,786
2,703
2,450
2,585
2,490
2,631
2,560
2,655
2,636
2,579
2,663
2,701
2,749
31,403
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
193
175
192
187
190
191
197
196
185
192
190
202
2,290
195
176
194
189
192
192
198
197
186
193
192
204
2,307
R 1,949
R 1,723
R 1,781
R 1,743
R 1,715
R 1,676
R 1,759
R 1,766
R 1,757
R 1,830
R 1,810
R 1,876
273
257
275
275
291
292
302
306
292
290
R 277
R 273
3,404
567
496
559
538
605
607
616
619
545
R 555
576
R 551
6,833
R 2,790
R 2,476
R 2,615
R 2,555
R 2,611
R 2,575
R 2,676
R 2,691
R 2,593
R 2,676
R 2,663
R 2,700
537
511
508
519
580
596
602
587
536
526
5,502
R 2,732
R 2,523
R 2,598
R 2,515
R 2,597
R 2,615
R 2,697
5,706
5,659
26,258
25,952
Wind
Biomass
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R 21,385
1,599
1,511
1,551
15,849
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
199
177
189
185
192
189
196
192
185
191
1,895
201
178
191
187
193
191
198
193
186
193
1,910
R 1,932
1,792
1,697
1,743
17,759
263
254
263
266
275
285
291
292
280
276
2,746
15,787
15,600
10
28
3
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1,897
1,837
1,912
1,869
17,699
17,469
2,854
2,824
1,580
R 1,635
R 1,543
R 1,549
R 1,543
R 1,606

b See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.

e Includes coal coke net imports, which are not separately displayed. See
Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
f Conventional hydroelectric power.
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
h Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
1,758
R 1,826
R 1,730
R 1,742
R 1,734
R 1,804
R 31,622
2,672
R 2,514
2,546
26,007
section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals; hydroelectric power in
19491978 and 1989 forward; solar/PV; wind; and electricity retail sales. The
industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and
Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
Web Page:
35
Figure 2.5
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

30
Petroleum
25
20
15
10
Renewable
Energy
5
Natural Gas
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
F M A M
J J A
2015
2010

3.0
2.5
Petroleum
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Renewable
Energy
Natural Gas
0.0
J
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
S O N D
S O N D
Total, Monthly
25
22.290
J J A
2014
22.532
23.089
3.0
2.5
20
2.0
15
1.5
10
1.0
5
0.5
2013
2015
0.0
2013
2014
2015

Source: Table 2.5.
.
36
2014
Table 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable
Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Natural Gasc
Petroleumd
Total
Biomass
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salese
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesf
Total
1,564
421
75
16
7
1
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
130
254
359
517
745
595
650
519
680
724
672
658
699
627
602
624
625
663
692
715
719
734
780
6,690
8,799
10,125
11,866
15,310
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
22,959
25,689
25,419
25,917
25,969
26,872
27,236
27,538
27,506
25,888
24,955
25,184
24,740
24,202
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
19,992
22,306
23,683
26,361
26,077
26,616
26,596
27,474
27,860
28,163
28,170
26,580
25,670
25,903
25,474
24,982
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
825
935
1,075
1,158
1,162
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,796
26,495
26,219
26,785
26,826
27,764
28,199
28,638
28,772
27,404
26,605
26,978
26,632
26,144
23
20
10
10
11
10
11
14
16
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
28
26
27
26
26
25
86
56
26
24
26
24
27
32
37
38
42
43
42
51
54
56
54
60
56
56
55
54
51
8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,851
26,555
26,282
26,846
26,900
27,843
28,280
28,717
28,859
27,486
26,687
27,059
26,712
26,219
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
98
88
86
67
59
59
65
65
60
63
79
100
887
1,947
1,770
2,040
2,009
2,114
2,066
2,177
2,180
2,041
2,122
2,030
2,009
24,505
2,045
1,858
2,125
2,076
2,173
2,125
2,242
2,245
2,101
2,185
2,108
2,109
25,393
92
87
102
103
107
111
109
109
111
118
111
118
1,278
2,137
1,945
2,227
2,179
2,281
2,235
2,350
2,355
2,212
2,303
2,219
2,226
26,670
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
53
2,144
1,952
2,234
2,185
2,287
2,242
2,357
2,361
2,218
2,309
2,225
2,233
26,749
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
109
93
87
66
61
59
63
65
61
64
80
91
899
R 1,950
R 1,812
R 2,034
R 2,057
R 2,117
R 2,089
R 2,201
R 2,199
R 2,043
R 2,168
R 2,040
R 2,113
R 2,059
R 1,905
R 2,120
R 2,123
R 2,178
R 2,148
R 2,264
R 2,264
R 2,104
R 2,232
R 2,120
R 2,204
98
93
103
104
110
108
113
116
108
114
108
113
1,289
R 2,157
R 1,998
R 2,224
R 2,228
R 2,289
R 2,255
R 2,377
R 2,380
R 2,212
R 2,346
R 2,228
R 2,316
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26
5
5
R 2,165
R 2,005
R 2,230
R 2,234
R 2,295
R 2,262
R 2,383
R 2,387
R 2,218
R 2,352
R 2,235
R 2,323
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
R 2,222
R 2,014
R 2,324
R 2,240
R 2,347
R 2,328
R 2,448
R 2,441
R 2,304
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
44
R 2,229
R 2,021
R 2,331
R 2,247
R 2,354
R 2,335
R 2,455
R 2,447
R 2,310
2,354
23,023
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
22

(g)
(g)
22,466
22,225
22
22
44
44
22,532
22,290
R 24,822
R 25,721
104
98
88
69
64
65
71
70
65
68
760
R 2,021
R 1,820
R 2,129
R 2,066
R 2,166
R 2,144
R 2,258
R 2,250
R 2,122
R 2,125
R 1,918
R 2,216
R 2,134
R 2,230
R 2,209
R 2,328
R 2,320
R 2,187
2,169
21,145
2,237
21,905
97
95
108
106
117
119
120
121
117
117
1,118
729
709
20,669
20,466
21,398
21,175
1,068
1,049

b See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuelssee Note 3,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. Data are for natural gas
consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors) and small
amounts consumed as vehicle fuelsee Table 4.3.
e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
R 27,010
R4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
53
R 27,090
2,360
23,089
section.
g Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for coal totals through 1977; and electricity
retail sales beginning in 1979. See Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and
Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
Web Page:
37
Figure 2.6
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

24
Coal
20
16
12
Renewable Energy
8
Natural Gas
4
Petroleum
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
F M A M
J J A
2015
2010

2.4
1.8
Coal
1.2
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.6
Renewable Energy
Petroleum
0.0
J
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2014
S O N D
S O N D
36
32.050
32.445
32.340
Coal
1.039
30
Natural
Gas
24
18
Nuclear
Electric
Power
12
Renewable
Energy
0.818
0.633
0.387
6
Petroleum
0.018
0
2013
2014
2015
0.0
0.5
1.0

Source: Table 2.6.
.
38
1.5
2.0
Table 2.6
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleum
Total
1950 Total ......................

1955 Total ......................
1960 Total ......................
1965 Total ......................
1970 Total ......................
1975 Total ......................
1980 Total ......................
1985 Total ......................
1990 Totalf .....................
1995 Total ......................
2000 Total ......................
2001 Total ......................
2002 Total ......................
2003 Total ......................
2004 Total ......................
2005 Total ......................
2006 Total ......................
2007 Total ......................
2008 Total ......................
2009 Total ......................
2010 Total ......................
2011 Total ......................
2012 Total ......................
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
8,786
12,123
14,542
16,261
17,466
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
20,808
20,513
18,225
19,133
18,035
15,821
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
3,240
3,778
3,135
3,309
4,302
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
7,005
6,829
7,022
7,528
7,712
9,287
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
1,144
1,276
961
1,205
1,201
1,222
637
648
459
382
370
295
214
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
15,191
18,534
18,767
20,859
22,523
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,101
27,974
27,474
28,461
27,801
25,630
27,031
26,042
25,322
0
0
6
43
239
1,900
2,739
4,076
6,104
7,075
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,960
8,223
8,161
8,215
8,459
8,426
8,355
8,434
8,269
8,062
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,749
2,655
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
2,521
3,085
2,606
NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
161
138
144
142
147
146
148
147
145
145
146
146
148
149
148
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
12
17
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,167
1,339
5
3
2
3
4
2
4
14
317
422
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
459
437
453
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,031
2,609
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,411
3,339
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
4,064
4,855
4,586
6
14
15
(s)
7
21
71
140
8
134
115
75
72
22
39
85
63
107
112
116
89
127
161
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
24,269
26,032
30,495
33,479
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,028
38,701
39,626
39,417
40,371
39,969
38,069
39,619
39,293
38,131
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,435
1,283
1,346
1,162
1,236
1,435
1,591
1,567
1,390
1,268
1,261
1,478
16,451
646
582
618
577
628
753
931
921
768
651
615
684
8,376
25
19
18
18
22
22
27
23
20
20
18
24
255
2,107
1,884
1,983
1,757
1,886
2,210
2,549
2,510
2,179
1,938
1,893
2,186
25,082
746
642
658
593
657
694
737
745
688
660
679
745
8,244
234
191
193
237
268
258
257
204
160
162
167
198
2,529
13
12
13
12
12
12
13
13
12
13
12
13
151
3
4
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
8
8
83
141
134
150
167
155
131
106
92
111
130
151
133
1,600
39
35
39
35
37
39
41
42
39
39
41
43
470
429
376
402
457
480
448
424
360
331
353
377
396
4,833
16
15
17
13
17
18
19
20
17
16
17
16
201
3,298
2,917
3,058
2,820
3,040
3,370
3,729
3,636
3,214
2,967
2,967
3,343
38,360
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,612
1,468
1,390
1,119
1,233
1,431
1,569
1,561
1,331
1,177
1,245
1,306
16,441
681
566
576
563
664
739
865
921
791
722
616
656
8,362
67
27
31
17
20
20
20
21
19
15
17
21
295
2,360
2,061
1,997
1,699
1,917
2,190
2,455
2,503
2,141
1,913
1,879
1,983
25,098
764
655
652
589
658
712
752
743
706
652
681
767
8,330
205
165
230
241
252
245
232
188
153
163
177
212
2,462
13
12
13
13
13
12
13
13
12
13
13
13
151
7
8
12
14
16
18
17
18
17
16
13
10
165
171
134
169
178
149
151
116
97
110
138
180
140
1,732
45
42
46
41
41
45
48
46
43
42
44
45
530
441
360
471
487
471
471
425
362
335
372
426
420
5,040
13
9
11
10
14
13
16
18
16
14
16
15
164
3,579
3,085
3,130
2,785
3,059
3,386
3,647
3,626
3,198
2,951
3,002
3,184
38,632
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
1,375
1,293
1,124
936
1,103
1,334
1,482
1,427
1,253
1,039
12,365
734
668
729
686
758
916
1,079
1,056
926
818
8,370
30
59
18
17
19
19
23
22
20
18
245
2,139
2,020
1,870
1,639
1,881
2,268
2,584
2,505
2,199
1,874
20,980
776
663
674
624
688
716
746
757
695
633
6,972
233
216
236
214
191
190
200
185
154
158
1,978
14
13
14
13
14
13
14
14
12
13
134
11
15
21
24
24
25
26
26
22
19
214
145
143
146
170
164
128
130
124
132
156
1,438
46
42
42
39
41
43
48
47
41
41
431
451
428
459
459
435
400
417
396
362
387
4,196
18
14
19
20
21
21
21
22
20
16
193
3,383
3,126
3,023
2,743
3,024
3,406
3,769
3,681
3,275
2,910
32,340

13,890
13,712
7,088
7,076
257
214
21,235
21,002
6,882
6,821
2,073
2,164
125
126
143
68
1,412
1,317
441
386
4,194
4,059
133
168
32,445
32,050

b See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.

d Conventional hydroelectric power.
e Net imports equal imports minus exports.
f Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal
Hydroelectric
Powerd
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
Electricity
Net
Importse
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
output.
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See
Note 2, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
Web Page:
39
Table 2.7 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years

(Trillion Btu)
Fiscal
Yeara
1975 ..............
1976 ..............
1977 ..............
1978 ..............
1979 ..............
1980 ..............
1981 ..............
1982 ..............
1983 ..............
1984 ..............
1985 ..............
1986 ..............
1987 ..............
1988 ..............
1989 ..............
1990 ..............
1991 ..............
1992 ..............
1993 ..............
1994 ..............
1995 ..............
1996 ..............
1997 ..............
1998 ..............
1999 ..............
2000 ..............
2001 ..............
2002 ..............
2003 ..............
2004 ..............
2005 ..............
2006 ..............
2007 ..............
2008 ..............
2009 ..............
2010 ..............
2011 ..............
2012 ..............
2013 ..............
2014P ...........
Agriculture
Defense
Energy
9.5
9.3
8.9
9.1
9.2
8.6
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.9
8.4
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.7
9.6
9.6
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.0
9.1
7.4
7.9
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.7
7.0
7.5
6.8
6.8
6.5
6.6
6.8
8.3
6.7
7.3
6.3
1,360.2
1,183.3
1,192.3
1,157.8
1,175.8
1,183.1
1,239.5
1,264.5
1,248.3
1,292.1
1,250.6
1,222.8
1,280.5
1,165.8
1,274.4
1,241.7
1,269.3
1,104.0
1,048.8
977.0
926.0
904.5
880.0
837.1
810.7
779.1
787.2
837.5
895.1
960.7
933.2
843.7
864.6
910.8
874.3
889.9
890.3
828.5
749.5
730.6
50.4
50.3
51.6
50.1
49.6
47.4
47.3
49.0
49.5
51.6
52.2
46.9
48.5
49.9
44.2
43.5
42.1
44.3
43.4
42.1
47.3
44.6
43.1
31.5
27.0
30.5
31.1
30.7
31.9
31.4
29.6
32.9
31.5
32.1
31.1
31.7
33.1
30.3
28.9
29.4
GSAb
22.3
20.6
20.4
20.4
19.6
18.1
18.0
18.1
16.1
16.2
20.7
14.0
13.1
12.4
12.7
17.5
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.0
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.1
14.4
17.6
18.4
17.5
18.5
18.3
18.4
18.2
19.1
18.8
18.6
18.8
18.5
16.3
16.4
17.0
HHSc
6.5
6.7
6.9
6.5
6.4
6.0
6.7
6.4
6.2
6.4
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.4
6.7
7.1
6.2
6.8
7.2
7.5
6.1
6.6
7.9
7.4
7.1
8.0
8.5
8.0
10.1
8.8
9.6
9.3
9.9
10.3
10.8
10.4
10.5
10.0
10.5
9.5
Interior
Justice
NASAd
Postal
Service
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.2
10.4
8.5
7.6
7.4
7.7
8.4
7.8
6.9
6.6
7.0
7.1
7.4
7.1
7.0
7.5
7.9
6.4
4.3
6.6
6.4
7.5
7.8
9.5
8.2
7.3
8.7
8.6
8.1
7.5
7.1
7.9
7.3
7.3
6.7
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.7
5.9
5.9
6.4
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.5
6.4
8.2
8.6
8.1
9.4
7.7
7.0
8.0
7.5
9.1
10.3
10.2
12.1
12.0
15.8
15.4
19.7
19.7
17.7
22.7
17.5
18.8
23.5
20.7
19.0
16.5
15.7
13.9
15.1
15.3
15.6
13.4
12.4
12.0
11.2
11.1
10.4
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.6
10.9
11.2
11.3
11.3
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.4
12.6
12.4
11.5
12.0
11.7
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.8
9.9
10.3
10.2
10.6
10.8
10.2
10.1
10.1
8.9
8.7
8.3
30.5
30.0
32.7
30.9
29.3
27.2
27.9
27.5
26.5
27.7
27.8
28.0
28.5
29.6
30.3
30.6
30.8
31.7
33.7
35.0
36.2
36.4
40.8
39.5
39.8
43.3
43.4
41.6
50.9
50.5
53.5
51.8
45.8
47.1
44.2
43.3
43.0
40.8
41.9
43.0
a For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Governments fiscal year was July 1 through
June 30. Beginning in 1977, the U.S. Governments fiscal year is October 1
through September 30 (for example, fiscal year 2014 is October 2013 through
September 2014).
b General Services Administration.
c Health and Human Services.
d National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
e Includes all U.S. government agencies not separately displayed.
See
http://ctsedwweb.ee.doe.gov/Annual/Report/AgencyReference.aspx for agency list.
P=Preliminary.
Notes: Data in this table are developed using conversion factors that often
differ from those in Tables A1A6. Data include energy consumed at foreign
40
Transportation
Veterans
Affairs
19.3
19.5
20.4
20.6
19.6
19.2
18.8
19.1
19.4
19.8
19.6
19.4
19.0
18.7
18.5
19.0
19.0
17.0
19.4
19.8
18.7
19.6
19.1
18.5
22.6
21.2
17.8
18.3
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.6
5.6
7.7
4.3
5.7
6.7
5.6
5.3
5.2
27.1
25.0
25.9
26.8
25.7
24.8
24.0
24.2
24.1
24.6
25.1
25.0
24.9
26.3
26.2
24.9
25.1
25.3
25.7
25.6
25.4
26.8
27.3
27.6
27.5
27.0
27.7
27.7
30.6
29.9
30.0
29.3
30.0
29.0
29.9
30.2
30.6
29.7
29.9
31.4
Othere
10.5
11.2
11.9
12.4
12.3
12.3
11.1
11.6
10.8
10.7
13.1
10.8
11.9
15.8
15.6
17.5
18.1
15.7
16.2
17.1
17.1
17.7
20.8
19.5
19.8
20.3
20.7
18.4
41.0
44.0
42.1
38.1
38.1
41.6
40.2
42.9
41.7
40.6
39.3
39.0
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,128.5
1,107.7
1,091.2
1,037.1
1,010.9
993.1
1,002.3
1,043.4
1,132.3
1,191.7
1,166.4
1,076.4
1,090.2
1,140.7
1,094.6
1,112.7
1,114.1
1,039.3
959.3
941.5
installations and in foreign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering,

primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use for
electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
(Excel and CSV files) for all annual data beginning in 1975.
Source:
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy Management Program.
See
http://ctsedwweb.ee.doe.gov/Annual/Report/Report.aspx, "A-5 Historical Federal
Energy Consumption and Cost Data by Agency and Energy Type (FY 1975 to
Present)" dataset.
Table 2.8 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years

(Trillion Btu)
Petroleum
Fiscal
Yeara
1975 ..............
1976 ..............
1977 ..............
1978 ..............
1979 ..............
1980 ..............
1981 ..............
1982 ..............
1983 ..............
1984 ..............
1985 ..............
1986 ..............
1987 ..............
1988 ..............
1989 ..............
1990 ..............
1991 ..............
1992 ..............
1993 ..............
1994 ..............
1995 ..............
1996 ..............
1997 ..............
1998 ..............
1999 ..............
2000 ..............
2001 ..............
2002 ..............
2003 ..............
2004 ..............
2005 ..............
2006 ..............
2007 ..............
2008 ..............
2009 ..............
2010 ..............
2011 ..............
2012 ..............
2013 ..............
2014P ...........
Coal
77.9
71.3
68.4
66.0
65.1
63.5
65.1
68.6
62.4
65.3
64.8
63.8
67.0
60.2
48.7
44.3
45.9
51.7
38.3
35.0
31.7
23.3
22.5
23.9
21.2
22.7
18.8
16.9
18.1
17.4
17.1
23.5
20.4
20.8
20.3
20.0
18.5
15.9
14.3
13.5
Natural
Gasb
166.2
151.8
141.2
144.7
148.9
147.3
142.2
146.2
147.8
157.4
149.9
140.9
145.6
144.6
152.4
159.4
154.1
151.2
152.9
143.9
149.4
147.3
153.8
140.4
137.4
133.8
133.7
133.7
135.5
135.3
135.7
132.6
131.5
129.5
131.7
130.1
124.7
116.2
122.5
125.6
Aviation
Gasoline
22.0
11.6
8.8
6.2
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.6
2.6
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.0
6.0
.8
.5
.4
1.0
.7
.6
.3
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.4
.6
.4
.4
.3
.4
.9
.4
.7
.3
Fuel Oilc
376.0
329.7
348.5
332.3
327.1
307.7
351.3
349.4
329.5
342.9
292.6
271.6
319.5
284.8
245.3
245.2
232.6
200.6
187.0
198.5
178.4
170.5
180.0
174.5
162.1
171.3
176.9
165.6
190.8
261.4
241.4
209.3
212.9
198.3
166.4
157.8
166.5
148.6
140.0
133.5
Jet Fuel
LPGd
707.4
610.0
619.2
601.1
618.6
638.7
653.3
672.7
673.4
693.7
705.7
710.2
702.3
617.2
761.7
732.4
774.5
628.2
612.4
550.7
522.3
513.0
475.7
445.5
444.7
403.1
415.2
472.9
517.9
508.2
492.2
442.6
461.1
524.3
505.6
535.8
533.6
493.5
424.0
414.3
a For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Governments fiscal year was July 1 through
June 30. Beginning in 1977, the U.S. Governments fiscal year is October 1
through September 30 (for example, fiscal year 2014 is October 2013 through
September 2014).
b Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, including diesel fuel; and residual fuel oil, including Navy
Special.
d Liquefied petroleum gases, primarily propane.
e Includes E10 (a mixture of 10% ethanol and 90% motor gasoline) and E15 (a
mixture of 15% ethanol and 85% motor gasoline).
f Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment. Primarily includes
alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG); liquefied natural gas
(LNG); E85 (a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% motor gasoline); B20 (a mixture of
20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel); B100 (100% biodiesel); hydrogen; and
methanol.
g Other types of energy used in facilities. Primarily includes chilled water, but
5.6
4.7
4.1
3.0
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.6
2.7
3.5
3.8
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.2
3.0
3.1
2.6
3.5
2.4
2.5
3.1
2.8
3.2
2.9
3.4
2.7
2.7
2.3
3.2
2.5
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.8
Motor
Gasolinee
63.2
60.4
61.4
60.1
59.1
56.5
53.2
53.1
51.6
51.2
50.4
45.3
43.1
41.2
41.1
37.2
34.1
35.6
34.5
29.5
31.9
27.6
39.0
43.0
41.1
43.9
42.5
41.3
46.3
44.1
48.8
48.3
46.5
48.7
48.3
51.3
52.7
50.1
46.6
44.9
Total
1,174.2
1,016.4
1,042.1
1,002.9
1,013.1
1,011.6
1,066.0
1,082.5
1,060.8
1,093.6
1,054.3
1,032.1
1,069.5
951.9
1,052.4
1,019.1
1,044.7
868.4
838.1
782.6
735.9
714.4
697.6
666.8
650.4
621.0
638.0
682.8
758.4
816.9
786.1
703.6
723.7
773.8
723.8
747.7
755.8
694.4
613.2
594.8
Other
Mobility
Fuelsf
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
2.2
2.6
6.0
8.4
5.8
7.7
8.4
18.7
14.5
5.9
.4
1.8
4.8
3.2
3.3
3.1
5.6
2.1
2.9
3.6
10.1
3.0
2.7
3.1
2.8
3.6
Electricity
141.5
139.3
141.1
141.0
141.2
141.9
144.5
147.5
151.5
155.9
167.2
155.8
169.9
171.2
188.6
193.6
192.7
192.5
193.1
190.9
184.8
184.0
183.6
181.4
180.0
193.6
188.4
188.3
193.8
197.1
197.6
196.7
194.9
195.3
191.2
193.7
193.2
187.2
184.7
182.1
Purchased
Steam
and Otherg
5.1
4.6
5.7
6.4
7.1
6.8
6.2
6.2
9.0
10.1
13.9
13.7
13.9
32.0
20.6
19.1
18.3
22.5
18.6
18.2
18.2
20.1
19.2
18.8
21.5
20.2
18.6
18.5
23.2
22.0
24.3
18.2
16.7
17.7
17.7
18.2
19.1
22.5
21.8
21.9
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,128.5
1,107.7
1,091.2
1,037.1
1,010.9
993.1
1,002.3
1,043.4
1,132.3
1,191.7
1,166.4
1,076.4
1,090.2
1,140.7
1,094.6
1,112.7
1,114.1
1,039.3
959.3
941.5
also includes small amounts of renewable energy such as wood and solar thermal.
P=Preliminary.
Notes: Data in this table are developed using conversion factors that often
differ from those in Tables A1A6. Data include energy consumed at foreign
installations and in foreign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering,
primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use for
electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page:
(Excel and CSV files) for all annual data beginning in 1975.
Source:
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy Management Program.
See
http://ctsedwweb.ee.doe.gov/Annual/Report/Report.aspx, "A-5 Historical Federal
Energy Consumption and Cost Data by Agency and Energy Type (FY 1975 to
Present)" dataset.
41
residential and commercial sectors coal consumption heat

Note 1. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system

energy losses are calculated as the difference between total
primary consumption by the electric power sector (see Table
2.6) and the total energy content of electricity retail sales (see
Tables 7.6 and A6). Most of these losses occur at steamelectric power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy to turn electric
generators. The loss is a thermodynamically necessary feature
of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output
losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and
wind energy sources. In addition to conversion losses, other
losses include power plant use of electricity, transmission and
distribution of electricity from power plants to end-use consumers (also called "line losses"), and unaccounted-for electricity.
Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
each sector's share of total electricity sales. Overall, about two
thirds of total energy input is lost in conversion. Currently, of
electricity generated, approximately 5% is lost in plant use and
7% is lost in transmission and distribution.
Natural Gas
19491979: Residential sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end-use
sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4.
1980 forward: Residential sector natural gas (including
supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3
are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas enduse sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4.
The residential sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels
data in Btu is estimated using the method described in Note 3,
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels, at the end of Section 4. Residential sector natural gas (excluding supplemental gaseous
fuels) consumption is equal to residential sector natural gas
(including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption minus
the residential sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Note 2. Energy Consumption Data and Surveys. Most of

the data in this section of the Monthly Energy Review (MER)
are developed from a group of energy-related surveys, typically called "supply surveys," conducted by the U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA). Supply surveys are
directed to suppliers and marketers of specific energy sources.
They measure the quantities of specific energy sources
produced, or the quantities supplied to the market, or both.
The data obtained from EIA's supply surveys are integrated to
yield the summary consumption statistics published in this
section (and in Section 1) of the MER.
Users of EIA's energy consumption statistics should be
aware of a second group of energy-related surveys, typically
called "consumption surveys." Consumption surveys gather
information on the types of energy consumed by end users
of energy, along with the characteristics of those end users
that can be associated with energy use. For example, the
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey belongs to
the consumption survey group because it collects information directly from end users (the manufacturing establishments). There are important differences between the supply
and consumption surveys that need to be taken into account
in any analysis that uses both data sources. For information
on those differences, see Energy Consumption by End-Use
Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and
Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533, U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Washington, DC, April 6, 1990.
Petroleum
1949 forward: Table 3.8a.
Fossil Fuels Total
19492007: Residential sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values
for coal, natural gas, and petroleum.
2008 forward: Residential sector total fossil fuels consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values
for natural gas and petroleum.
Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Residential sector total primary energy
consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values for fossil fuels and renewable energy.
Electricity Retail Sales
1949 forward: Residential sector electricity retail sales from
Table 7.6 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat content factor in Table A6.
Table 2.2 Sources
Electrical System Energy Losses

1949 forward: Total electrical system energy losses are
equal to electric power sector total primary energy
consumption from Table 2.6 minus total electricity retail
sales from Table 7.6 (converted to Btu by multiplying by the
electricity heat content factor in Table A6). Total electrical
system energy losses are allocated to the residential sector in
proportion to the residential sectors share of total electricity
retail sales from Table 7.6. See Note 1, "Electrical System
Energy Losses," at end of section.
Coal
19492007: Residential sector coal consumption data from
Table 6.2 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the
Total Energy Consumption

1949 forward: Residential sector total energy consumption
is the sum of the residential sector consumption values for
42
total primary energy, electricity retail sales, and electrical

system energy losses.
Table 2.3 Sources

Coal
1949 forward: Commercial sector coal consumption data
from Table 6.2 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the
residential and commercial sectors coal consumption heat
Natural Gas
19491979: Commercial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 are
1980 forward: Commercial sector natural gas (including
supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3
are converted to Btu by multiplying by the natural gas end-use
sectors consumption heat content factors in Table A4. The
commercial sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels data
in Btu is estimated using the method described in Note 3,
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels, at the end of Section 4.
Commercial sector natural gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to commercial sector natural
gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption minus
the commercial sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Petroleum
19491992: Table 3.8a.
19932008: The commercial sector share of motor gasoline
consumption is equal to commercial sector motor gasoline
consumption from Table 3.7a divided by motor gasoline
product supplied from Table 3.5. Commercial sector fuel
ethanol (including denaturant) consumption is equal to total
fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption from Table
10.3 multiplied by the commercial sector share of motor
gasoline consumption.
Commercial sector petroleum
(excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to commercial
sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from
Table 3.8a minus commercial sector fuel ethanol (including
denaturant) consumption.
2009 forward: Commercial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (minus
denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the
commercial sector share of motor gasoline consumption (see
19932008 sources above). Commercial sector petroleum
(excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to commercial
sector petroleum (including biofuels) consumption from
Table 3.8a minus commercial sector fuel ethanol (minus
denaturant) consumption.

1949 forward: Commercial sector total primary energy
consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for fossil fuels and renewable energy.
1949 forward: Commercial sector electricity retail sales
electricity heat content factor in Table A6.
system energy losses are allocated to the commercial sector
in proportion to the commercial sectors share of total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6. See Note 1, "Electrical
System Energy Losses," at end of section.
1949 forward: Commercial sector total energy consumption
is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for
total primary energy, electricity retail sales, and electrical
system energy losses.
Table 2.4 Sources

Coal
1949 forward: Coke plants coal consumption from Table
6.2 is converted to Btu by multiplying by the coke plants
coal consumption heat content factors in Table A5. Other
industrial coal consumption from Table 6.2 is converted to
Btu by multiplying by the other industrial coal consumption
heat content factors in Table A5. Industrial sector coal
consumption is equal to coke plants coal consumption and
other industrial coal consumption.
Fossil Fuels Total

1949 forward:
Commercial sector total fossil fuels
consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum.
Natural Gas
19491979: Industrial sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table 4.3 are
1980 forward: Industrial sector natural gas (including
supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption data from Table
end-use sectors consumption heat content factors in Table
A4. The industrial sector portion of supplemental gaseous
fuels data in Btu is estimated using the method described in
Note 3, Supplemental Gaseous Fuels, at the end of
Section 4. Industrial sector natural gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to industrial
sector natural gas (including supplemental gaseous fuels)
consumption minus the industrial sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Renewable Energy
Petroleum
19491992: Table 3.8b.
43
19932008: The industrial sector share of motor gasoline

consumption is equal to industrial sector motor gasoline
consumption from Table 3.7b divided by motor gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Industrial sector fuel ethanol
(including denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3
multiplied by the industrial sector share of motor gasoline
consumption. Industrial sector petroleum (excluding biofuels)
consumption is equal to industrial sector petroleum (including
biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8b minus industrial sector
fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption.
2009 forward: Industrial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)
consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)
consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the industrial
sector share of motor gasoline consumption (see 19932008
sources above).
Industrial sector petroleum (excluding
biofuels) consumption is equal to industrial sector petroleum
(including biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8b minus industrial sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption.
Coal Coke Net Imports
1949 forward: Coal coke net imports are equal to coal coke
imports from Table 1.4a minus coal coke exports from
Table 1.4b.
Fossil Fuels Total
1949 forward: Industrial sector total fossil fuels consumption
is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for coal,
natural gas, and petroleum, plus coal coke net imports.
Renewable Energy
1949 forward: Table 10.2b.
1949 forward: Industrial sector total primary energy
consumption is the sum of the industrial sector consumption
values for fossil fuels and renewable energy.
1949 forward: Industrial sector electricity retail sales from
Table 7.6 are converted to Btu by multiplying by the electricity heat content factor in Table A6.
system energy losses are allocated to the industrial sector in
proportion to the industrial sectors share of total electricity
retail sales from Table 7.6. See Note 1, "Electrical System
Energy Losses," at end of section.
1949 forward: Industrial sector total energy consumption is
the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for total
primary energy, electricity retail sales, and electrical system
energy losses.
44
Table 2.5 Sources

Coal
19491977: Transportation sector coal consumption data
other industrial sector coal consumption heat content factors
in Table A5.
Natural Gas
1949 forward: Transportation sector natural gas consumption data from Table 4.3 are converted to Btu by multiplying
by the natural gas end-use sectors consumption heat content
factors in Table A4.
Petroleum
19491992: Table 3.8c.
19932008: The transportation sector share of motor gasoline consumption is equal to transportation sector motor
gasoline consumption from Table 3.7c divided by motor
gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Transportation
sector fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption is
equal to total fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied by the transportation sector
share of motor gasoline consumption. Transportation sector
petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is equal to
transportation sector petroleum (including biofuels)
consumption from Table 3.8c minus transportation sector
fuel ethanol (including denaturant) consumption.
2009 forward: Transportation sector fuel ethanol (minus
denaturant) consumption is equal to total fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3 multiplied
by the transportation sector share of motor gasoline
consumption (see 19932008 sources above). Transportation sector petroleum (excluding biofuels) consumption is
equal to:
transportation sector petroleum (including
biofuels) consumption from Table 3.8c; minus transportation sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption;
minus refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels
(excluding fuel ethanol) from U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Petroleum Supply Annual/Petroleum Supply
Monthly, Table 1 (for biomass-based diesel fuel, the data are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat
content factor in Table A1; for other renewable diesel fuel,
the data are converted to Btu by multiplying by the other
renewable diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1).
Fossil Fuels Total
19491977:
Transportation sector total fossil fuels
consumption is the sum of the transportation sector
consumption values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum.
1978 forward: Transportation sector total fossil fuels
consumption values for natural gas and petroleum.
Renewable Energy
19491980: Transportation sector total primary energy
consumption is equal to transportation sector fossil fuels
consumption.
1981 forward: Transportation sector total primary energy

consumption values for fossil fuels and renewable energy.
1949 forward: Transportation sector electricity retail sales
electricity heat content factor in Table A6.
system energy losses are allocated to the transportation
sector in proportion to the transportation sectors share of
total electricity retail sales from Table 7.6. See Note 1,
"Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of section.
1949 forward: Transportation sector total energy consumption is the sum of the transportation sector consumption
values for total primary energy, electricity retail sales, and
electrical system energy losses.
1980 forward: Electric power sector natural gas (including

electric power sector consumption heat content factors in
Table A4. The electric power sector portion of supplemental gaseous fuels data in Btu is estimated using the method
described in Note 3, Supplemental Gaseous Fuels, at the
end of Section 4. Electric power sector natural gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels) consumption is equal to
electric power sector natural gas (including supplemental
gaseous fuels) consumption minus the electric power sector
portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Petroleum
1949 forward: Table 3.8c.
Fossil Fuels Total
1949 forward: Electric power sector total fossil fuels
consumption is the sum of the electric power sector
consumption values for coal, natural gas, and petroleum.
Table 2.6 Sources
Renewable Energy
Coal
1949 forward: Electric power sector coal consumption data
electric power sector coal consumption heat content factors
in Table A5.
Electricity Net Imports

1949 forward: Electricity net imports are equal to electricity
imports from Table 1.4a minus electricity exports from
Table 1.4b.
Natural Gas
19491979: Electric power sector natural gas (including
electric power sector consumption heat content factors in
Table A4.

1949 forward: Electric power sector total primary energy
consumption is the sum of the electric power sector
consumption values for fossil fuels, nuclear electric power,
and renewable energy, plus electricity net imports.
45
3. Petroleum
Figure 3.1
Petroleum Overview
(Million Barrels per Day)
Overview, 19492015
25
Products Supplied
20
15
Net Imports
10
Total Field Productiona
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2010
2015
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 19492015
12
10
Crude Oilb
8
6
4
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
2
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1990
1995
2000
2005
Total Field Production,a Monthly
Overview, JanuaryDecember
25
15
2013
2014
2015
19.0 19.1 19.5
20
15
12
9
11.7
10
1985
12.7
10.1
6
6.2
5.1 4.7
3
2013
2015
0
Total Field
Productiona
Net
Imports
Products
Supplied
a
Crude oil, including lease condensate, and natural gas plant liquids field
production.
b
Includes lease condensate.
48
2014
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.

Source: Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Petroleum Overview

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Productiona
Trade
Crude Oilb,c
Renewable
Fuels
and Oxygenatesf
Processing
Gaing
48
Statesd
Alaska
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
5,407
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
8,183
6,980
7,146
5,582
5,076
4,851
4,839
4,759
4,675
4,533
4,320
4,346
4,355
4,318
4,709
4,876
5,076
5,950
0
0
2
30
229
191
1,617
1,825
1,773
1,484
970
963
985
974
908
864
741
722
683
645
600
561
526
5,407
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
5,822
5,801
5,744
5,649
5,441
5,184
5,087
5,077
5,001
5,354
5,476
5,637
6,476
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,633
1,573
1,609
1,559
1,762
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
1,784
1,910
2,074
2,216
2,408
5,906
7,578
7,965
9,014
11,297
10,007
10,170
10,581
8,914
8,322
7,733
7,670
7,624
7,369
7,250
6,901
6,825
6,860
6,785
7,264
7,550
7,853
8,884
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
746
907
1,016
964
2
34
146
220
359
460
597
557
683
774
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
993
979
1,068
1,076
1,059
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436
10,598
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
6,529
6,554
6,628
6,853
6,786
6,778
6,960
7,074
7,216
7,181
7,361
7,327
6,939
549
541
533
523
515
486
493
428
511
521
536
546
515
7,078
7,095
7,161
7,375
7,301
7,264
7,453
7,502
7,727
7,702
7,897
7,873
7,454
2,379
2,490
2,485
2,513
2,556
2,542
2,618
2,715
2,791
2,766
2,747
2,660
2,606
9,457
9,585
9,645
9,889
9,857
9,805
10,072
10,218
10,519
10,469
10,644
10,533
10,060
891
905
950
971
1,011
1,034
1,021
1,004
998
1,052
1,083
1,102
1,002
1,061
966
1,012
1,093
1,039
1,087
1,132
1,115
1,136
1,085
1,126
1,179
1,087
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
7,456
7,572
7,714
8,031
8,053
R 8,194
R 8,332
R 8,437
R 8,482
R 8,629
R 8,685
R 8,909
R 8,211
542
516
530
537
524
485
422
398
478
500
516
520
497
7,998
8,087
8,244
8,568
R 8,577
R 8,678
R 8,754
R 8,835
R 8,959
R 9,129
R 9,201
R 9,428
R 8,708
2,695
2,710
2,829
2,950
2,956
3,094
3,115
3,142
3,195
3,196
3,115
3,156
3,015
10,693
10,798
11,073
11,518
11,533
R 11,772
R 11,869
R 11,976
R 12,154
R 12,325
R 12,317
R 12,585
R 11,723
1,001
1,000
1,026
1,040
1,057
1,091
1,088
1,051
1,059
1,044
1,059
1,134
1,055
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
RE 8,840
RE 8,963
RE 9,142
RE 9,184
RE 9,006
RE 8,868
RE 8,983
RE 8,999
RE 8,987
RE 8,850
E 8,656
E 8,665
E 8,928
E 505
E 494
E 511
E 510
E 473
E 447
E 450
E 408
E 472
RE 497
E 525
E 526
E 485
RE 9,345
RE 9,456
RE 9,653
RE 9,694
RE 9,479
RE 9,315
RE 9,433
RE 9,407
RE 9,460
RE 9,347
E 9,181
E 9,191
E 9,413
2,980
3,100
3,181
3,313
3,249
3,259
3,284
3,319
3,343
R 3,428
E 3,400
E 3,544
E 3,284
RE 12,326
RE 12,556
RE 12,834
RE 13,008
RE 12,727
RE 12,574
RE 12,717
RE 12,725
RE 12,802
RE 12,775
E 12,581
E 12,735
E 12,697
1,054
1,046
1,052
1,065
1,106
1,148
1,124
1,099
1,092
R 1,112
E 1,051
E 1,060
E 1,084
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Total
NGPLe
Totalc
a Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum
gases, pentanes plus, and a small amount of finished petroleum products)
production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what was previously
classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending
components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in
"Adjustments."
b Includes lease condensate.
c Once a month, data for crude oil production, total field production, and
adjustments are revised going back as far as the data year of the U.S. Energy
Information Administrations (EIA) last published Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA)these revisions are released at the same time as EIAs Petroleum Supply
Monthly. Once a year, data for these series are revised going back as far as 10
yearsthese revisions are released at the same time as the PSA.
d United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
e Natural gas plant liquids.
f Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.
g Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs.
See Table 3.2.
h Includes Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. See Table 3.3b.
Importsh
Exports
Petroleum
Products
Supplied
Net
Importsi
Stock
Changej
Adjustmentsc,k
305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986
3,205
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
9,441
8,450
7,393
-56
(s)
-83
-8
103
32
140
-103
107
-246
-69
325
-105
56
209
145
60
-148
195
109
49
-121
158
-51
-37
-8
-10
-16
41
64
200
338
496
532
501
529
509
542
508
538
640
802
225
264
365
348
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
18,490
10,089
9,286
9,534
10,168
10,174
9,882
10,300
10,249
10,036
9,608
9,385
9,539
9,859
2,881
3,280
3,111
3,235
3,472
3,594
3,851
3,725
3,632
4,074
3,967
4,602
3,621
7,208
6,007
6,423
6,933
6,703
6,288
6,449
6,524
6,405
5,535
5,419
4,938
6,237
98
-738
92
491
291
72
-37
162
353
-754
-688
-903
-127
231
442
593
190
459
664
546
426
547
418
530
328
448
18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961
1,107
1,064
991
1,078
1,013
1,122
1,107
1,163
1,015
1,028
1,178
1,100
1,081
9,305
9,155
9,256
9,600
9,387
8,837
9,496
9,319
9,181
8,924
9,009
9,402
9,241
3,911
3,658
3,993
3,974
4,113
4,155
4,464
4,457
3,947
4,134
4,353
4,892
4,176
5,394
5,497
5,263
5,626
5,274
4,682
5,032
4,861
5,234
4,790
4,656
4,510
5,065
-396
62
263
920
942
111
106
152
421
-186
349
486
269
511
610
373
507
649
R 333
R 292
R 501
R 204
R 317
R 510
R 615
R 451
19,102
18,908
18,464
18,849
18,585
18,890
19,283
19,400
19,246
19,691
19,370
19,457
19,106
1,023
955
999
1,042
1,041
990
1,053
1,164
1,009
R 1,017
E 1,066
E 1,079
E 1,037
9,393
9,243
9,552
9,307
9,470
9,552
9,511
9,768
9,335
R 8,800
E 9,133
E 9,536
E 9,385
4,567
4,699
4,120
4,943
4,874
4,668
4,967
4,564
4,884
R 4,628
E 4,438
E 4,425
E 4,647
4,825
4,544
5,432
4,364
4,596
4,884
4,544
5,205
4,451
R 4,172
E 4,695
E 5,111
E 4,738
574
128
985
900
728
443
-85
728
332
R 257
E 130
E 177
E 444
R 595
R 423
R -93
R 458
R 373
R 438
R 457
R 350
R 202
R 531
E 451
E -54
E 343
19,249
19,396
19,238
19,037
19,117
19,591
19,979
19,814
19,225
R 19,350
E 19,714
E 19,754
E 19,456
i Net imports equal imports minus exports.

j A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase. The current month stock change estimate is based on the change
from the previous months estimate, rather than the stocks values shown in Table
3.4. Includes crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes
distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 3.4.
k An adjustment for crude oil, hydrogen, oxygenates, renewable fuels, other
hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blending components, finished motor gasoline, and
distillate fuel oil. See EIAs Petroleum Supply Monthly, Appendix B, "PSM
Explanatory Notes," for further information.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day
and greater than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum (Excel
beginning in 1973.
49
Figure 3.2
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production

Net Inputs and Net Production, 19492015

20
Total Net Production
15
Total
Net
Inputs
Crude Oil Net Inputsa
10
5
Other Net Inputsb
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2010
2015
Net Production, Selected Products, 19492015

10
Motor Gasolinec
Distillate Fuel Oild
Jet Fuele
Residual Fuel Oil
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Net Inputs and Net Production, Monthly
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Net Production, Selected Products, Monthly

12
25
Total Net Production
Motor Gasolinec
20
9
15
Crude Oil Net Inputsa
6
Total Net
Inputs
10
3
5
Jet Fuele
Other Net Inputsb
Residual Fuel Oil

0
0
2015
2013
2014

Natural gas plant liquids and other liquids.
Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodieb
c
50
2013
2014
2015
sel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

e
Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
Source: Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production
Refinery and Blender Net Inputsa
Refinery and Blender Net Productionb

LPGc
Crude
Oild
NGPLe
Other
Liquidsf
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oilg
Jet
Fuelh
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
5,739
7,480
8,067
9,043
10,870
12,442
13,481
12,002
13,409
13,973
15,067
15,128
14,947
15,304
15,475
15,220
15,242
15,156
14,648
14,336
14,724
14,806
14,999
259
345
455
618
763
710
462
509
467
471
380
429
429
419
422
441
501
505
485
485
442
490
509
19
32
61
88
121
72
81
681
713
775
849
825
941
791
866
1,149
1,238
1,337
2,019
2,082
2,219
2,300
1,997
6,018
7,857
8,583
9,750
11,754
13,225
14,025
13,192
14,589
15,220
16,295
16,382
16,316
16,513
16,762
16,811
16,981
16,999
17,153
16,904
17,385
17,596
17,505
1,093
1,651
1,823
2,096
2,454
2,653
2,661
2,686
2,925
3,155
3,580
3,695
3,592
3,707
3,814
3,954
4,040
4,133
4,294
4,048
4,223
4,492
4,550
(h)
155
241
523
827
871
999
1,189
1,488
1,416
1,606
1,530
1,514
1,488
1,547
1,546
1,481
1,448
1,493
1,396
1,418
1,449
1,471
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
234
269
295
404
503
583
556
572
570
584
540
543
562
519
537
560
552
553
80
119
212
293
345
311
330
391
499
654
705
667
671
658
645
573
627
655
630
623
659
619
630
2,735
3,648
4,126
4,507
5,699
6,518
6,492
6,419
6,959
7,459
7,951
8,022
8,183
8,194
8,265
8,318
8,364
8,358
8,548
8,786
9,059
9,058
8,926
1,165
1,152
908
736
706
1,235
1,580
882
950
788
696
721
601
660
655
628
635
673
620
598
585
537
501
947
1,166
1,420
1,814
2,082
2,097
2,559
2,183
2,452
2,522
2,705
2,651
2,712
2,780
2,887
2,782
2,827
2,728
2,561
2,431
2,509
2,518
2,487
6,019
7,891
8,729
9,970
12,113
13,685
14,622
13,750
15,272
15,994
17,243
17,285
17,273
17,487
17,814
17,800
17,975
17,994
18,146
17,882
18,452
18,673
18,564
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
14,567
14,230
14,703
14,864
15,305
15,833
16,042
15,793
15,636
14,991
15,633
16,069
15,312
543
506
490
429
379
426
427
444
560
567
595
589
496
1,727
2,270
2,108
2,342
2,683
2,443
2,358
2,471
2,006
2,398
1,935
1,791
2,211
16,838
17,007
17,301
17,636
18,367
18,702
18,827
18,708
18,202
17,956
18,163
18,449
18,019
4,480
4,281
4,284
4,416
4,767
4,792
4,934
4,930
4,888
4,815
5,050
5,122
4,733
1,414
1,402
1,461
1,524
1,450
1,522
1,561
1,605
1,544
1,426
1,491
1,586
1,499
543
536
559
561
574
566
575
584
574
542
557
600
564
410
477
648
814
860
841
858
829
630
418
301
376
623
8,718
8,926
8,971
9,042
9,299
9,472
9,374
9,340
9,190
9,484
9,476
9,495
9,234
395
504
569
508
488
469
481
417
434
420
466
455
467
2,481
2,383
2,379
2,424
2,542
2,694
2,750
2,702
2,652
2,478
2,505
2,594
2,550
17,898
17,973
18,312
18,729
19,407
19,789
19,959
19,823
19,338
19,041
19,290
19,628
19,106
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
15,311
15,128
15,116
15,864
15,946
15,817
16,534
16,460
16,074
15,361
16,043
16,469
15,848
524
531
495
433
432
431
414
424
543
594
658
659
511
1,412
1,790
2,476
2,529
2,761
2,727
2,615
2,440
2,026
2,035
1,701
2,019
2,214
17,247
17,448
18,087
18,826
19,139
18,975
19,563
19,325
18,642
17,990
18,402
19,147
18,574
4,685
4,594
4,780
4,988
5,026
4,896
5,021
5,042
4,940
4,662
5,012
5,323
4,916
1,479
1,453
1,421
1,498
1,468
1,521
1,637
1,675
1,619
1,485
1,570
1,665
1,541
584
572
564
600
596
596
613
602
552
529
603
635
587
406
505
666
860
887
870
909
888
610
444
387
398
653
8,849
9,111
9,368
9,652
9,834
9,809
9,983
9,741
9,404
9,552
9,607
9,898
9,570
476
427
461
420
454
455
402
439
410
416
462
401
435
2,459
2,423
2,383
2,485
2,483
2,545
2,718
2,703
2,676
2,460
2,542
2,563
2,537
18,354
18,513
19,078
19,904
20,152
20,097
20,670
20,488
19,658
19,018
19,580
20,247
19,654
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
15,493
15,414
15,657
16,299
16,435
16,695
16,884
16,662
16,174
R 15,465
E 16,371
E 16,600
E 16,183
587
544
494
405
393
414
432
449
546
R 603
F 610
F 639
E 509
1,786
2,132
2,308
2,353
2,345
2,201
2,338
2,340
2,297
R 2,547
RE 1,677
E 1,575
E 2,159
17,866
18,090
18,459
19,057
19,174
19,310
19,654
19,450
19,017
R 18,615
RF 18,658
F 18,814
E 18,851
4,828
4,746
4,882
4,981
4,974
5,021
5,091
5,108
5,053
R 4,815
E 5,061
E 5,010
E 4,965
1,505
1,517
1,492
1,587
1,600
1,632
1,663
1,598
1,541
R 1,551
E 1,671
E 1,708
E 1,589
561
529
537
589
582
569
581
575
529
R 520
RE 518
E 587
E 557
395
398
609
823
884
858
850
836
580
R 437
RF 333
F 389
E 617
9,321
9,546
9,571
9,787
9,811
9,894
10,037
9,993
9,866
R 9,926
E 9,769
E 9,606
E 9,762
377
421
478
469
436
413
426
404
414
R 419
E 377
E 364
E 416
2,464
2,417
2,424
2,453
2,511
2,482
2,640
2,675
2,572
R 2,484
RE 2,513
E 2,816
E 2,539
18,889
19,045
19,458
20,099
20,216
20,300
20,707
20,614
20,026
R 19,632
RE 19,724
E 19,893
E 19,889
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
a
b
c
d
e
f
See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary.

See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Natural gas plant liquids (liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus).
Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981,
also includes aviation and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in
1993, also includes oxygenates (net), including fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2009,
also includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel).
g Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
h Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products.") For
19522004, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1951, naphtha-type jet
fuel is included in the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and
distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other
Products.")
i Includes propylene.
j Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and
special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor
Propanei
Total
Motor
Residual
Other
Gasolinej Fuel Oil Productsk
Total
gasoline.
k Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,
petroleum coke, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also
includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014
and 2015: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current
two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated
Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
51
Figure 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

Overview, October 2015
Million Barrels per Day
25
19.4
20
15
10
8.8
4.6
4.2
Exports
Net
Imports
5
2.9
1.5
0
Imports From
Persian Gulf
Imports From
OPEC
Total
Imports
Products
Supplied
Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf as Share of Total Imports, 19602014
80
68.0%
(1960)
Percent
60
OPEC
35.0%
(2014)
40
47.8%
(1973)
Persian Gulf
17.9%
20 (1960)
0
1960
20.3%
(2014)
13.6%
(1973)
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied, 19492015

75
Percent
50
34.8%
(1973)
25
24.4%
(2015)
5.5%
(1949)
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum .
Source: Table 3.3a.
52
2005
2010
2015
Table 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

As Share of
Products Supplied
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports
Products
Supplied
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Imports
Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
As Share of
Total Imports
Net
Imports
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Percent
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
326
359
184
1,165
1,519
311
1,966
1,573
2,488
2,761
2,269
2,501
2,493
2,334
2,211
2,163
2,370
1,689
1,711
1,861
2,156
NA
NA
1,233
1,439
1,294
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
4,906
4,555
4,271
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436
10,598
305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986
3,205
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
9,441
8,450
7,393
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
18,490
NA
NA
3.3
3.1
1.3
7.1
8.9
2.0
11.6
8.9
12.6
14.1
11.5
12.5
12.0
11.2
10.7
10.5
12.2
9.0
8.9
9.9
11.7
NA
NA
12.6
12.5
8.8
22.1
25.2
11.6
25.3
22.6
26.4
28.1
23.3
25.8
27.5
26.9
26.7
28.9
30.5
25.4
25.6
24.1
23.1
13.2
14.8
18.5
21.4
23.3
37.1
40.5
32.2
47.2
49.8
58.2
60.4
58.3
61.2
63.4
65.9
66.3
65.1
66.2
62.3
61.5
60.6
57.3
8.4
10.4
16.5
19.8
21.5
35.8
37.3
27.3
42.2
44.5
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.2
57.0
51.5
49.2
44.8
40.0
NA
NA
17.9
14.5
5.4
19.2
22.0
6.1
24.5
17.8
21.7
23.3
19.7
20.4
19.0
17.0
16.1
16.1
18.4
14.4
14.5
16.3
20.3
NA
NA
68.0
58.3
37.8
59.5
62.2
36.1
53.6
45.3
45.4
46.6
39.9
42.1
43.4
40.7
40.2
44.4
46.1
40.9
41.6
39.8
40.3
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,798
1,838
2,087
1,804
2,135
1,894
1,927
2,160
2,146
1,933
2,143
2,225
2,009
3,866
3,115
3,741
3,799
4,064
3,837
3,789
3,901
3,921
3,411
3,535
3,613
3,720
10,089
9,286
9,534
10,168
10,174
9,882
10,300
10,249
10,036
9,608
9,385
9,539
9,859
2,881
3,280
3,111
3,235
3,472
3,594
3,851
3,725
3,632
4,074
3,967
4,602
3,621
7,208
6,007
6,423
6,933
6,703
6,288
6,449
6,524
6,405
5,535
5,419
4,938
6,237
18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961
9.6
9.9
11.3
9.7
11.4
10.1
10.0
11.3
11.1
10.0
11.0
11.7
10.6
20.6
16.7
20.2
20.4
21.6
20.4
19.7
20.4
20.4
17.7
18.1
19.0
19.6
53.8
49.8
51.5
54.7
54.2
52.5
53.5
53.6
52.1
49.8
48.2
50.3
52.0
38.4
32.2
34.7
37.3
35.7
33.4
33.5
34.1
33.3
28.7
27.8
26.0
32.9
17.8
19.8
21.9
17.7
21.0
19.2
18.7
21.1
21.4
20.1
22.8
23.3
20.4
38.3
33.5
39.2
37.4
39.9
38.8
36.8
38.1
39.1
35.5
37.7
37.9
37.7
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2,187
2,172
2,132
2,274
1,929
1,941
2,145
1,781
1,645
1,428
1,584
1,304
1,875
3,350
3,398
3,395
3,708
3,313
3,252
3,598
3,275
3,217
2,677
2,921
2,760
3,237
9,305
9,155
9,256
9,600
9,387
8,837
9,496
9,319
9,181
8,924
9,009
9,402
9,241
3,911
3,658
3,993
3,974
4,113
4,155
4,464
4,457
3,947
4,134
4,353
4,892
4,176
5,394
5,497
5,263
5,626
5,274
4,682
5,032
4,861
5,234
4,790
4,656
4,510
5,065
19,102
18,908
18,464
18,849
18,585
18,890
19,283
19,400
19,246
19,691
19,370
19,457
19,106
11.4
11.5
11.5
12.1
10.4
10.3
11.1
9.2
8.5
7.3
8.2
6.7
9.8
17.5
18.0
18.4
19.7
17.8
17.2
18.7
16.9
16.7
13.6
15.1
14.2
16.9
48.7
48.4
50.1
50.9
50.5
46.8
49.2
48.0
47.7
45.3
46.5
48.3
48.4
28.2
29.1
28.5
29.8
28.4
24.8
26.1
25.1
27.2
24.3
24.0
23.2
26.5
23.5
23.7
23.0
23.7
20.5
22.0
22.6
19.1
17.9
16.0
17.6
13.9
20.3
36.0
37.1
36.7
38.6
35.3
36.8
37.9
35.1
35.0
30.0
32.4
29.4
35.0
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,334
1,433
1,465
1,532
1,724
1,617
1,465
1,247
1,290
R 1,538
NA
NA
NA
2,536
2,793
2,831
2,766
3,125
2,869
2,896
2,751
2,854
R 2,919
NA
NA
NA
9,393
9,243
9,552
9,307
9,470
9,552
9,511
9,768
9,335
R 8,800
E 9,133
E 9,536
E 9,385
4,567
4,699
4,120
4,943
4,874
4,668
4,967
4,564
4,884
R 4,628
E 4,438
E 4,425
E 4,647
4,825
4,544
5,432
4,364
4,596
4,884
4,544
5,205
4,451
R 4,172
E 4,695
E 5,111
E 4,738
19,249
19,396
19,238
19,037
19,117
19,591
19,979
19,814
19,225
R 19,350
E 19,714
E 19,754
E 19,456
6.9
7.4
7.6
8.0
9.0
8.3
7.3
6.3
6.7
R 7.9
NA
NA
NA
13.2
14.4
14.7
14.5
16.3
14.6
14.5
13.9
14.8
R 15.1
NA
NA
NA
48.8
47.7
49.7
48.9
49.5
48.8
47.6
49.3
48.6
R 45.5
E 46.3
E 48.3
E 48.2
25.1
23.4
28.2
22.9
24.0
24.9
22.7
26.3
23.2
R 21.6
E 23.8
E 25.9
E 24.4
14.2
15.5
15.3
16.5
18.2
16.9
15.4
12.8
13.8
R 17.5
NA
NA
NA
27.0
30.2
29.6
29.7
33.0
30.0
30.5
28.2
30.6
R 33.2
NA
NA
NA
a Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
b See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
See Table 3.3c for notes on which countries are included in the data.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes:
For the feature article "Measuring Dependence on

Imported Oil," published in the August 1995 Monthly Energy Review,
see
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/imported_oil.pdf.
Beginning in October 1977, data include Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports.
See Table 3.3b. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. U.S. exports include shipments to U.S. territories, and imports include
receipts from U.S. territories.

beginning in 1973.
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and
unpublished revisions. 2014 and 2015: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly
reports; and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data
system and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
53
Figure 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports

Overview, 19492015
12
10
Crude Oil
8
6
Petroleum Products
4
2
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
OPEC and Non-OPEC, 19602014

10
Non-OPEC
8
6
OPEC
4
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
From Selected Countries, October 2015

5
4
3.401
3
0.983
0.802
0.756
0.375
0.230
0.193
Ecuador
Angola
0.278
0.237
0.221
Russia
Brazil
Colombia
0
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
Iraq
OPEC Countries
Canada
Mexico
Non-OPEC Countries
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Sources: Tables 3.3b3.3d.
.
54
2015
Table 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type

Imports
Crude Oila
SPRc
Total
Exports
LPGb
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fueld
Propanee
Total
Motor
Residual
Gasolinef Fuel Oil Otherg
Total
Crude Petroleum
Oila
Products
Total
44
118
27
8
11
16
77
52
8
7
19
56
487
782
1,015
1,238
1,324
4,105
5,263
3,201
5,894
7,230
9,071
9,328
9,140
9,665
10,088
10,126
10,118
10,031
9,783
9,013
9,213
8,935
8,527
7
12
35
36
147
155
142
200
278
193
295
344
267
333
325
329
365
304
213
225
228
179
126
(d)
(d)
34
81
144
133
80
39
108
106
162
148
107
109
127
190
186
217
103
81
98
69
55
0
0
NA
NA
26
60
69
67
115
102
161
145
145
168
209
233
228
182
185
147
121
110
116
0
0
4
21
52
112
216
187
188
146
215
206
183
225
263
328
332
247
253
182
153
135
141
(s)
13
27
28
67
184
140
381
342
265
427
454
498
518
496
603
475
413
302
223
134
105
44
329
417
637
946
1,528
1,223
939
510
504
187
352
295
249
327
426
530
350
372
349
331
366
328
256
27
24
62
119
157
144
130
550
705
708
938
1,095
1,085
1,087
1,419
1,609
1,881
1,885
1,913
1,635
1,600
1,686
1,450
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
11,793
11,436
10,598
95
32
8
3
14
6
287
204
109
95
50
20
9
12
27
32
25
27
29
44
42
47
67
210
336
193
184
245
204
258
577
748
855
990
951
975
1,014
1,021
1,133
1,292
1,405
1,773
1,980
2,311
2,939
3,137
305
368
202
187
259
209
544
781
857
949
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2,353
2,986
3,205
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
7,956
7,293
7,497
7,760
7,741
7,731
8,058
8,099
7,923
7,478
7,408
7,772
7,730
213
174
146
238
168
121
107
123
132
128
145
164
155
61
70
44
104
113
99
96
124
68
98
74
61
84
184
166
141
111
81
111
88
84
87
158
169
146
127
207
186
164
130
98
133
109
109
108
181
189
166
148
40
19
56
35
38
70
53
68
40
38
49
33
45
239
199
285
264
194
181
252
296
231
195
194
169
225
1,372
1,347
1,343
1,636
1,822
1,548
1,627
1,430
1,533
1,489
1,326
1,174
1,471
10,089
9,286
9,534
10,168
10,174
9,882
10,300
10,249
10,036
9,608
9,385
9,539
9,859
109
132
107
138
130
124
104
71
105
119
253
220
134
2,772
3,148
3,004
3,096
3,341
3,470
3,747
3,654
3,526
3,955
3,714
4,381
3,487
2,881
3,280
3,111
3,235
3,472
3,594
3,851
3,725
3,632
4,074
3,967
4,602
3,621
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
7,589
7,199
7,274
7,555
7,167
7,068
7,630
7,473
7,495
7,148
7,295
7,225
7,344
283
337
324
181
198
121
129
143
126
120
136
245
195
42
94
91
144
104
109
85
63
133
90
80
102
94
187
221
122
79
66
91
64
76
75
99
90
129
108
206
244
142
101
85
117
83
90
96
122
110
153
128
42
11
36
57
47
51
60
73
77
64
41
29
49
132
221
156
183
175
151
177
166
178
218
175
152
173
1,011
1,049
1,233
1,379
1,611
1,222
1,331
1,311
1,076
1,161
1,172
1,495
1,257
9,305
9,155
9,256
9,600
9,387
8,837
9,496
9,319
9,181
8,924
9,009
9,402
9,241
248
247
251
282
309
394
421
391
349
376
521
421
351
3,663
3,411
3,741
3,693
3,804
3,761
4,043
4,066
3,598
3,758
3,832
4,471
3,824
3,911
3,658
3,993
3,974
4,113
4,155
4,464
4,457
3,947
4,134
4,353
4,892
4,176
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
7,150
7,109
7,574
7,208
7,245
7,304
7,331
7,638
7,222
R 7,121
E 7,444
E 7,785
E 7,347
349
391
324
234
191
132
143
140
103
R 101
E 148
E 137
E 198
132
121
157
130
166
193
160
132
66
R 83
E 92
E 95
E 127
142
148
132
119
87
91
95
104
79
R 91
E 109
E 121
E 109
161
167
145
136
106
111
117
123
101
R 120
NA
NA
NA
74
51
61
75
109
100
33
33
63
R 103
E 58
E 64
E 69
190
222
131
152
228
174
144
209
243
R 136
E 188
E 227
E 187
1,337
1,182
1,160
1,372
1,423
1,537
1,584
1,494
1,537
R 1,137
NA
NA
NA
9,393
9,243
9,552
9,307
9,470
9,552
9,511
9,768
9,335
R 8,800
E 9,133
E 9,536
E 9,385
491
428
417
586
531
431
526
461
409
R 500
E 469
E 482
E 478
4,076
4,271
3,703
4,357
4,343
4,237
4,441
4,103
4,475
R 4,128
E 3,969
E 3,943
E 4,169
4,567
4,699
4,120
4,943
4,874
4,668
4,967
4,564
4,884
R 4,628
E 4,438
E 4,425
E 4,647
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
a Includes lease condensate.

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.
Through 2003, includes crude oil imports by SPR only; beginning in 2004, includes
crude oil imports by SPR, and crude oil imports into SPR by others.
d Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 19562004, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. (Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Motor Gasoline." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.")
e Includes propylene.
f Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through
1980, also includes motor gasoline blending components.
g Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene,
lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished
oils, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also
includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also
includes motor gasoline blending components. Beginning in 2005, also includes
naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. =No data
reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
beginning in 1973.
system and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
55
Table 3.3c Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries

Libyae
Nigeriaf
Saudi
Arabiad
Venezuela
182
74
48
16
27
21
86
218
272
250
228
220
250
243
185
181
210
182
197
191
305
(e)
42
47
232
554
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
56
87
117
103
79
70
15
61
(f)
(f)
(f)
762
857
293
800
627
896
885
621
867
1,140
1,166
1,114
1,134
988
809
1,023
818
441
84
158
30
715
1,261
168
1,339
1,344
1,572
1,662
1,552
1,774
1,558
1,537
1,463
1,485
1,529
1,004
1,096
1,195
1,365
911
994
989
702
481
605
1,025
1,480
1,546
1,553
1,398
1,376
1,554
1,529
1,419
1,361
1,189
1,063
988
951
960
34
155
172
832
577
439
199
98
72
105
83
61
70
47
38
39
26
50
3
16
9
1,233
1,439
1,294
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
4,906
4,555
4,271
419
529
426
455
321
228
299
397
287
226
182
332
341
389
255
367
238
361
217
309
420
299
335
397
332
328
20
20
74
76
125
119
150
67
35
13
(s)
59
479
255
403
405
395
366
240
167
286
183
93
99
281
979
1,032
1,284
1,109
1,440
1,431
1,318
1,332
1,557
1,362
1,563
1,520
1,329
913
614
781
866
739
899
933
678
837
759
796
847
806
10
20
8
10
16
10
10
39
10
3,866
3,115
3,741
3,799
4,064
3,837
3,789
3,901
3,921
3,411
3,535
3,613
3,720
227
207
173
170
217
138
214
305
305
242
120
255
215
249
290
306
321
351
529
496
543
350
286
421
282
369
474
348
360
342
334
355
375
263
245
304
137
197
311
10
57
11
6
89
59
112
187
118
115
61
48
57
59
55
144
92
1,462
1,464
1,444
1,607
1,241
1,017
1,232
897
1,005
830
1,014
813
1,166
687
807
772
853
772
748
901
867
824
702
800
744
789
1
31
19
1
1
38
40
76
42
6
10
10
23
3,350
3,398
3,395
3,708
3,313
3,252
3,598
3,275
3,217
2,677
2,921
2,760
3,237
54
181
93
102
119
113
108
102
182
193
124
331
245
244
114
169
237
281
256
264
230
237
227
222
122
139
283
214
133
117
203
375
203
266
241
277
186
222
314
144
113
211
170
214
20
4
3
12
4
5
17
7
51
38
109
54
58
21
130
86
114
65
73
820
945
1,047
1,205
1,210
1,077
1,173
1,005
863
983
1,034
668
782
849
857
897
757
808
935
855
802
821
17
24
15
7
10
11
11
11
7
11
2,536
2,793
2,831
2,766
3,125
2,869
2,896
2,751
2,854
2,919
2,834
146
233
220
240
373
357
340
320
1
70
91
318
1,218
1,286
793
803
25
8
3,317
3,750
Algeriaa
Angolab
Ecuadorc
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
(a)
(a)
8
282
488
187
280
234
225
278
264
382
452
478
657
670
548
493
510
358
242
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
508
513
460
393
346
233
(c)
(c)
(c)
57
27
67
49
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
221
185
212
206
180
22
16
0
2
28
46
518
0
620
795
459
481
656
531
553
484
627
450
415
459
476
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
195
17
74
160
168
88
112
105
136
66
144
110
115
223
198
98
167
328
271
228
376
226
207
125
136
216
240
174
228
322
178
202
198
349
255
251
235
198
236
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
68
79
92
69
102
147
118
137
185
101
98
125
110
94
114
117
157
178
166
159
129
202
147
209
180
154
2015 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
10-Month Average .....
82
112
76
106
150
126
109
121
145
76
110
2014 10-Month Average .....

110
113
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Iraq
Kuwaitd
a Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 19601968, Algeria is included in "Total

Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
b Angola joined OPEC in January 2007. For 19602006, Angola is included in
"Total Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
c Ecuador was a member of OPEC from 19731992, and rejoined OPEC in
November 2007. For 19601972 and 19932007, Ecuador is included in "Total
d Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Beginning in 1971, imports from the Neutral Zone are
reported as originating in either Kuwait or Saudi Arabia depending on the country
reported to U.S. Customs.
e Libya joined OPEC in 1962. For 1960 and 1961, Libya is included in "Total
f Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 19601970, Nigeria is included in "Total
g Includes these countries in the years indicated:
Gabon (19751994),
Indonesia (19622008), Iran (1960 forward), Qatar (1961 forward), and United Arab
Emirates (1967 forward).
=No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
56
Otherg
Total
OPEC
Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in

Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on this table are included on
Table 3.3d. The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50
states and the District of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19601972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
19731975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014 and 2015:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Table 3.3d Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries

Brazil
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Russiaa
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands
Other
Total
Non-OPEC
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
1
0
2
5
3
61
49
8
51
82
116
108
104
156
193
200
258
309
272
253
226
120
323
766
846
455
770
934
1,332
1,807
1,828
1,971
2,072
2,138
2,181
2,353
2,455
2,493
2,479
2,535
2,729
2,946
42
51
46
9
4
23
182
219
342
296
260
195
176
196
155
155
200
276
365
433
433
16
48
42
71
533
816
755
1,068
1,373
1,440
1,547
1,623
1,665
1,662
1,705
1,532
1,302
1,210
1,284
1,206
1,035
NA
1
39
19
2
58
55
15
30
43
66
87
101
151
174
128
168
140
108
100
99
NA
0
0
17
144
32
102
273
343
341
393
270
244
233
196
142
102
108
89
113
75
0
0
3
14
1
8
45
25
72
90
210
254
298
410
369
414
465
563
612
624
477
(s)
(s)
11
14
176
310
189
383
366
324
478
440
380
396
272
277
236
245
256
159
149
NA
0
189
406
388
247
282
278
291
268
236
288
330
328
328
346
320
277
253
186
12
NA
606
1,027
1,052
903
913
1,128
1,233
1,581
1,631
1,649
1,766
2,008
2,413
2,446
1,839
1,416
1,307
1,112
1,077
874
581
1,029
2,126
2,454
2,609
3,237
3,721
4,833
6,257
6,343
6,925
7,103
7,444
8,127
8,190
7,489
6,961
6,915
6,887
6,881
6,327
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
103
79
123
97
198
192
185
241
262
95
133
105
151
3,456
3,457
3,037
3,208
2,854
2,885
3,014
3,082
3,086
3,218
3,130
3,296
3,142
351
366
479
465
389
356
588
375
314
384
308
293
389
1,068
978
677
973
885
846
930
912
839
878
1,014
1,030
919
121
121
122
76
88
74
69
85
61
83
78
90
89
48
10
57
40
30
80
68
36
56
114
53
54
54
328
454
454
584
554
519
456
572
459
555
325
265
460
116
95
111
131
180
198
192
163
149
160
124
146
147
632
612
733
795
931
896
1,011
882
890
711
685
648
786
6,223
6,172
5,793
6,369
6,110
6,045
6,511
6,348
6,116
6,197
5,850
5,926
6,138
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
128
181
72
100
136
143
157
214
113
258
224
198
160
3,412
3,213
3,201
3,140
3,276
3,258
3,289
3,432
3,543
3,429
3,466
3,971
3,388
381
320
382
334
247
210
202
336
333
354
427
287
318
1,030
864
871
753
799
777
753
798
859
834
945
821
842
106
105
90
110
127
15
32
61
56
119
68
129
85
36
88
70
72
39
30
55
44
7
28
35
42
45
212
365
424
405
351
274
405
394
282
316
170
355
330
142
68
131
170
179
97
128
84
57
109
110
119
117
508
554
620
809
921
781
877
680
713
801
644
720
720
5,955
5,757
5,861
5,893
6,074
5,585
5,897
6,044
5,964
6,247
6,088
6,642
6,004
2015 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
236
138
170
232
108
255
208
396
276
237
226
3,974
3,936
3,863
3,829
3,557
3,618
3,520
3,920
3,789
3,401
3,739
417
353
523
409
535
377
441
339
292
221
391
831
784
875
713
663
856
755
731
647
756
761
78
81
109
67
80
23
54
22
53
32
60
11
58
52
37
108
56
87
138
48
26
62
389
300
374
341
337
475
408
433
369
278
371
140
77
77
112
130
134
142
154
178
99
125
781
722
677
802
827
888
1,001
885
830
833
825
6,857
6,450
6,721
6,542
6,345
6,683
6,614
7,018
6,481
5,881
6,560

150
158
3,320
3,127
310
407
834
898
82
90
47
54
343
494
117
150
728
811
5,931
6,189
a Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the
former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in
Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on Table 3.3c are included
on this table. The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50

beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19601972: Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, annual reports.
19731975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 19761980: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014 and 2015:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
57
Figure 3.4
Petroleum Stocks
Overview, 19492015
2.5
2.0
BIllion Barrels
Total
1.5
Crude Oil
1.0
Petroleum Products
0.5
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
SPR and Non-SPR Crude Oil Stocks, 19492015

SPR
Million Barrels
750
500
Non-SPR
250
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Overview, Monthly
1985
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Selected Products, Monthly

300
2.5
2.0
250
Total
Million Barrels
Billion Barrels
1990
1.5
Crude Oil
1.0
Motor Gasoline
200
150
100
Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuela
Propaneb
Petroleum Products
0.5
50
Residual Fuel Oil
0.0
0
2013
a
2014
2015
Includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.

Includes propylene.
Notes: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Stocks are at end of
b
58
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A S OND
2013
2014
2015
period.
Source: Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks

(Million Barrels)
Crude Oila
SPRc
Non-SPRd,e
LPGb
Totale
Distillate
Fuel Oilf
Jet
Fuelg
Propaneh
Total
Motor
Gasolinei
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherj
Total
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
108
493
586
592
541
550
599
638
676
685
689
697
702
727
727
696
695
248
266
240
220
276
271
358
321
323
303
286
312
278
269
286
324
312
286
326
325
333
331
365
248
266
240
220
276
271
466
814
908
895
826
862
877
907
961
1,008
1,001
983
1,028
1,052
1,060
1,027
1,061
72
111
138
155
195
209
205
144
132
130
118
145
134
137
126
136
144
134
146
166
164
149
135
(g)
3
7
19
28
30
42
40
52
40
45
42
39
39
40
42
39
39
38
43
43
41
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
82
65
39
49
43
41
66
53
50
55
57
62
52
55
50
49
55
68
2
7
23
30
67
125
120
74
98
93
83
121
106
94
104
109
113
96
113
102
108
112
141
116
165
195
175
209
235
261
223
220
202
196
210
209
207
218
208
212
218
214
223
219
223
231
41
39
45
56
54
74
92
50
49
37
36
41
31
38
42
37
42
39
36
37
41
34
34
104
123
137
181
188
188
205
174
162
165
164
166
152
147
153
157
169
156
162
153
158
164
167
583
715
785
836
1,018
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
1,794
1,750
1,808
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ...........
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
696
377
385
393
396
392
377
368
366
373
382
374
357
1,073
1,081
1,089
1,092
1,088
1,073
1,064
1,062
1,069
1,078
1,070
1,053
131
122
119
119
122
122
126
129
129
118
121
128
40
40
40
41
41
40
39
39
41
39
37
37
56
47
41
41
47
55
60
65
68
63
56
45
121
108
103
111
127
143
154
168
172
159
139
114
234
227
225
221
221
224
222
218
220
214
217
228
36
38
37
40
39
38
38
35
36
36
36
38
176
174
180
183
178
178
175
171
166
166
170
163
1,811
1,790
1,793
1,808
1,817
1,819
1,818
1,823
1,833
1,810
1,789
1,761
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
696
696
696
693
691
691
691
691
691
691
691
691
367
377
387
397
397
386
370
363
363
383
389
393
1,063
1,073
1,083
1,090
1,088
1,077
1,061
1,053
1,054
1,074
1,080
1,084
115
113
115
117
122
122
125
128
131
120
126
136
38
38
36
39
39
37
36
36
40
36
36
38
32
28
29
35
47
58
68
77
81
82
81
78
90
82
86
103
126
150
172
187
191
186
171
155
236
229
222
217
218
219
218
212
212
204
220
240
37
36
36
36
38
37
36
38
37
37
36
34
171
179
182
186
185
177
174
172
174
177
175
172
1,749
1,751
1,759
1,787
1,816
1,819
1,822
1,827
1,840
1,834
1,844
1,860
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
691
691
691
691
692
694
695
695
695
695
E 695
E 695
421
448
475
483
479
470
455
458
461
R 487
E 487
E 482
1,112
1,139
1,166
1,174
1,172
1,163
1,151
1,153
1,156
R 1,182
E 1,183
E 1,177
132
123
128
129
134
139
142
152
149
R 143
E 147
E 159
38
39
37
38
42
44
44
43
40
38
E 38
E 40
68
55
58
65
78
84
90
97
100
R 104
E 102
E 96
134
114
122
139
160
176
187
204
210
R 209
RF 195
F 176
240
241
231
228
222
221
218
218
225
R 217
E 217
E 232
34
37
38
39
41
42
40
39
41
43
E 44
E 42
184
185
186
187
187
186
187
182
180
177
RE 178
E 180
1,874
1,878
1,908
1,935
1,958
1,971
1,969
1,991
2,001
R 2,009
E 2,002
E 2,008
1950 Year
1955 Year
1960 Year
1965 Year
1970 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year
2012 Year

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.
Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or
commercial storage agreements.
d All crude oil stocks other than those in SPR.
e Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
f Excludes stocks in the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. Beginning in
2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel
oil.
g Beginning in 1965, includes kerosene-type jet fuel.
(Through 1964,
kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other.") For 19522004, also
the products from which it was blendedgasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other.").
h Includes propylene.
i Includes finished motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components;
excludes oxygenates. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special
naphthas.
j Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene,
lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, unfinished

oils, waxes, miscellaneous products, oxygenates, renewable fuels, and other
hydrocarbons. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in
1964, also includes finished aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in
2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Totals may not equal sum of
beginning in 1973.
reports. 19812013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2014
and 2015: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current
two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated
Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
59
Figure 3.5
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline, 19492015

24
Total Petroleum
18
12
Motor Gasolinea
6
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Selected Products,19492015
12
Motor Gasolinea
9
6
Residual Fuel Oil
Distillate Fuel Oilb
3
Jet Fuelc
Propaned
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Selected Products, Monthly
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total, JanuaryDecember
24
12
Motor Gasolinea
18.961
19.106
19.456
2013
2014
2015
18
12
6
3 Residual Fuel Oil
Propaned
Jet Fuel
6
c
0
2013
2015
2014
a

Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
c
b
60
d
Includes propylene.
Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Source: Table 3.5.
2015
Table 3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Asphalt
Aviation
and
Road Oil Gasoline
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
(c)
Kerosene
Propaned
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolinee
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
180
254
302
368
447
419
396
425
483
486
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
362
355
340
108
192
161
120
55
39
35
27
24
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
15
14
1,082
1,592
1,872
2,126
2,540
2,851
2,866
2,868
3,021
3,207
3,722
3,847
3,776
3,927
4,058
4,118
4,169
4,196
3,945
3,631
3,800
3,899
3,741
154
371
602
967
1,001
1,068
1,218
1,522
1,514
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
1,393
1,432
1,425
1,398
323
320
271
267
263
159
158
114
43
54
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
14
18
20
12
5
NA
NA
NA
NA
776
783
754
883
917
1,096
1,235
1,142
1,248
1,215
1,276
1,229
1,215
1,235
1,154
1,160
1,160
1,153
1,175
234
404
621
841
1,224
1,333
1,469
1,599
1,556
1,899
2,231
2,044
2,163
2,074
2,132
2,030
2,052
2,085
1,954
2,051
2,173
2,204
2,251
106
116
117
129
136
137
159
145
164
156
166
153
151
140
141
141
137
142
131
118
131
125
114
2,616
3,463
3,969
4,593
5,785
6,675
6,579
6,831
7,235
7,789
8,472
8,610
8,848
8,935
9,105
9,159
9,253
9,286
8,989
8,997
8,993
8,753
8,682
41
67
149
202
212
247
237
264
339
365
406
437
463
455
524
515
522
490
464
427
376
361
360
1,517
1,526
1,529
1,608
2,204
2,462
2,508
1,202
1,229
852
909
811
700
772
865
920
689
723
622
511
535
461
369
250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
1,343
1,272
1,215
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
18,490
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
224
215
236
290
308
406
453
464
461
377
262
180
323
11
8
12
12
15
15
16
14
11
11
14
7
12
4,062
3,984
3,769
3,854
3,749
3,663
3,621
3,693
3,725
4,039
3,893
3,887
3,827
1,311
1,344
1,393
1,444
1,459
1,454
1,546
1,524
1,417
1,455
1,429
1,428
1,434
11
2
15
5
1
1
1
1
4
1
(s)
19
5
1,701
1,605
1,390
1,174
973
949
1,074
1,052
1,112
1,345
1,401
1,543
1,275
2,757
2,775
2,493
2,283
2,081
2,048
2,279
2,181
2,276
2,607
2,689
2,822
2,440
127
127
127
113
128
141
122
120
119
116
100
115
121
8,331
8,395
8,641
8,855
9,033
9,078
9,146
9,124
8,946
8,944
8,923
8,670
8,843
404
281
292
267
397
403
374
401
402
315
393
308
354
341
297
440
272
244
287
363
409
370
267
361
170
319
1,171
1,214
1,114
1,189
1,363
1,311
1,336
1,192
1,521
1,178
1,426
1,377
1,282
18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
195
208
215
278
346
402
466
458
447
392
264
247
327
10
7
12
12
13
11
17
14
12
11
11
12
12
4,340
4,160
4,066
3,990
3,952
3,902
3,867
3,875
3,933
4,266
3,917
4,178
4,037
1,364
1,380
1,433
1,455
1,400
1,544
1,559
1,522
1,482
1,479
1,476
1,537
1,470
18
5
2
2
2
2
12
1
18
16
6
22
9
1,703
1,445
1,241
1,009
770
942
936
1,010
1,076
1,134
1,346
1,408
1,167
2,935
2,603
2,405
2,198
1,943
2,096
2,143
2,342
2,340
2,410
2,674
2,668
2,396
105
103
145
131
129
117
138
128
144
127
137
111
126
8,273
8,647
8,697
8,955
9,023
9,039
9,249
9,311
8,822
9,148
8,921
8,941
8,921
439
300
178
324
368
352
413
346
413
362
400
265
347
325
238
180
279
226
254
253
218
278
246
339
252
257
1,098
1,256
1,130
1,224
1,183
1,171
1,166
1,184
1,358
1,234
1,225
1,223
1,204
19,102
18,908
18,464
18,849
18,585
18,890
19,283
19,400
19,246
19,691
19,370
19,457
19,106
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
198
214
235
302
340
470
484
507
471
R 400
RF 283
F 222
E 345
8
8
9
14
13
12
18
11
11
R 14
F 11
F 12
E 12
4,235
4,535
4,054
3,998
3,793
3,854
3,877
3,888
4,015
R 3,993
E 3,755
E 3,519
E 3,956
1,367
1,442
1,540
1,483
1,507
1,637
1,637
1,596
1,535
R 1,584
E 1,613
E 1,576
E 1,544
2
9
11
1
20
(s)
1
1
2
R3
RF 5
F 13
E6
1,568
1,551
1,190
961
801
1,016
980
998
896
R 1,020
E 1,075
E 1,270
E 1,108
2,765
2,762
2,356
2,229
2,108
2,211
2,329
2,189
2,072
R 2,294
RF 2,404
F 2,606
E 2,359
153
112
146
124
163
128
158
122
129
R 149
RF 130
F 118
E 136
8,718
8,650
9,055
9,139
9,251
9,391
9,438
9,467
9,275
R 9,250
E 9,180
E 9,031
E 9,157
384
240
378
376
385
406
408
405
298
R 327
F 372
F 336
E 361
272
197
261
151
234
172
325
318
275
R 212
E 219
E 345
E 249
1,146
1,226
1,193
1,220
1,303
1,309
1,303
1,308
1,143
R 1,125
RE 1,743
E 1,975
E 1,334
19,249
19,396
19,238
19,037
19,117
19,591
19,979
19,814
19,225
R 19,350
E 19,714
E 19,754
E 19,456
a Liquefied petroleum gases.

b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

c Beginning in 1957, includes kerosene-type jet fuel. For 19522004, also
d Includes propylene.
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas.
Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and residual
fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500
barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
system, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review
data system calculations.
61
Figure 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Total, 19492015
50
Quadrillion Btu
40
30
20
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Petroleum Products Supplied as Share of Total Energy Consumption, 19492014

50
Percent
40
30
20
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Product, December 2015

1.6
1.417
Quadrillion Btu
1.2
0.8
0.629
0.4
0.046
0.002
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Aviation
Gasoline
0.0
Jet
Fuelb
Kerosene
a
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
b
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
62
0.022
0.002
Distillate
Fuel Oila
0.360
0.285
0.277
Liquefied Lubricants
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasolinec
0.064
0.067
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other d
All petroleum products not separately displayed.

Sources: Tables 1.1 and 3.6.
Table 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Trillion Btu)
Asphalt
Aviation
and
Road Oil Gasoline
LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Kerosene
Propaned
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolinee
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
878
859
827
199
354
298
222
100
71
64
50
45
40
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
27
27
25
2,300
3,385
3,992
4,519
5,401
6,061
6,110
6,098
6,422
6,812
7,927
8,170
8,020
8,341
8,642
8,745
8,831
8,860
8,346
7,661
8,014
8,217
7,903
(c)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,047
2,190
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
2,963
2,950
2,901
668
662
563
553
544
329
329
236
88
112
140
150
90
113
133
144
111
67
30
36
41
25
11
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,086
1,097
1,059
1,236
1,284
1,534
1,734
1,598
1,747
1,701
1,791
1,721
1,701
1,729
1,620
1,624
1,624
1,614
1,649
343
592
912
1,232
1,689
1,807
1,976
2,103
2,059
2,512
2,945
2,697
2,852
2,748
2,824
2,682
2,700
2,733
2,574
2,664
2,821
2,839
2,912
236
258
259
286
301
304
354
322
362
346
369
338
334
309
313
312
303
313
291
262
291
276
254
5,015
6,640
7,631
8,806
11,091
12,798
12,648
13,098
13,872
14,834
16,167
16,386
16,829
16,968
17,333
17,378
17,531
17,472
16,865
16,750
16,668
16,191
16,089
90
147
328
444
465
542
522
582
745
802
895
961
1,018
1,000
1,148
1,125
1,141
1,072
1,017
937
831
801
802
3,482
3,502
3,517
3,691
5,057
5,649
5,772
2,759
2,820
1,955
2,091
1,861
1,605
1,772
1,990
2,111
1,581
1,659
1,432
1,173
1,228
1,058
849
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
2,800
2,676
2,558
13,315
17,255
19,919
23,246
29,521
32,732
34,205
30,925
33,552
34,558
38,406
38,337
38,401
39,030
40,528
40,647
40,289
40,075
37,728
35,877
36,561
35,920
35,130
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
46
40
48
58
63
81
93
95
92
78
52
37
783
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
22
727
644
674
667
671
634
647
660
644
722
674
695
8,059
230
213
245
246
256
247
272
268
241
256
243
251
2,969
2
(s)
3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
3
11
202
172
165
135
116
109
128
125
128
160
161
183
1,785
306
279
277
244
228
217
251
239
240
287
287
312
3,167
24
22
24
21
24
26
23
23
22
22
18
22
268
1,307
1,190
1,356
1,345
1,418
1,379
1,435
1,432
1,359
1,403
1,355
1,360
16,339
76
48
55
49
75
74
71
76
74
60
72
58
786
66
52
86
51
47
54
71
80
70
52
68
33
731
208
196
197
204
241
223
241
212
258
211
243
244
2,677
2,995
2,686
2,966
2,887
3,026
2,937
3,106
3,086
3,001
3,093
3,014
3,016
35,812
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
40
39
44
55
71
80
96
94
89
81
53
51
793
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
22
776
672
727
690
707
675
691
693
681
763
678
747
8,499
240
219
252
248
246
263
274
268
252
260
251
270
3,042
3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
3
3
1
4
19
203
155
148
116
92
108
111
120
124
135
155
167
1,634
326
260
263
233
210
220
232
254
246
265
286
295
3,090
20
18
27
24
24
21
26
24
26
24
25
21
280
1,298
1,225
1,364
1,359
1,415
1,372
1,451
1,461
1,339
1,435
1,354
1,402
16,476
83
51
34
59
70
64
78
65
75
69
73
50
772
63
42
35
53
44
48
49
42
52
48
64
49
590
195
201
202
212
212
201
209
211
233
218
211
215
2,518
3,045
2,727
2,950
2,936
3,001
2,946
3,111
3,115
2,999
3,166
2,997
3,106
36,101
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
41
40
48
60
70
94
100
104
94
R 82
RF 56
F 46
E 835
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
F2
F2
E 22
757
733
725
692
678
667
693
695
695
R 714
E 650
E 629
E 8,327
240
229
271
252
265
279
288
281
261
278
E 274
E 277
E 3,195
(s)
1
2
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
F1
F2
E 12
186
167
141
111
95
117
117
119
103
R 121
E 124
E 151
E 1,552
307
275
258
235
230
235
255
240
216
R 250
F 255
F 285
E 3,041
29
19
27
23
31
23
30
23
23
R 28
F 24
F 22
E 301
1,367
1,226
1,420
1,387
1,451
1,425
1,480
1,485
1,408
R 1,451
E 1,394
E 1,417
E 16,912
73
41
72
69
73
74
77
77
54
R 62
F 68
F 64
E 803
53
35
51
28
46
33
63
62
52
R 41
E 41
E 67
E 572
202
195
209
208
232
225
232
229
196
R 197
RE 298
E 360
E 2,783
3,071
2,794
3,085
2,956
3,080
3,056
3,221
3,198
3,001
R 3,106
E 3,062
E 3,171
E 36,802
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
a Liquefied petroleum gases.


d Includes propylene.
e Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5
trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
63
Figure 3.7
Petroleum Consumption by Sector
By Sector, 19492014
16
Transportation
12
8
Industriala
4
Residential and Commerciala
Electric Power
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

16
13.866
12
4.396
4
0.644
0.349
0.096
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Electric Power
Sector Shares 1949 and 2014

1949
2014
80
70
Percent
60
54
40
28
24
20
10
3
0
Residential
Commercial
a
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.
64
Industrial
Transportation
Electric Power

Sources: Tables 3.7a3.7c.
Table 3.7a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
390
562
736
805
883
850
617
514
460
426
424
427
404
438
433
402
335
342
354
276
266
248
228
168
179
171
161
144
78
51
77
31
36
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
10
13
14
9
4
104
144
217
275
392
365
222
224
252
282
395
375
384
389
364
366
318
345
394
391
379
362
286
662
885
1,123
1,242
1,419
1,293
890
815
742
743
865
849
817
861
839
809
685
708
758
680
659
619
518
123
177
232
251
276
276
243
297
252
225
230
239
209
233
221
210
189
181
181
187
185
186
168
23
24
23
26
30
24
20
16
6
11
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
2
2
2
2
1
28
38
58
74
102
92
63
68
73
78
107
102
101
112
108
94
88
87
113
99
100
105
98
52
69
35
40
45
46
56
50
58
10
23
20
24
32
23
24
26
32
24
28
28
24
21
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
185
209
243
281
311
214
245
99
100
62
40
30
35
48
53
50
33
33
31
31
27
23
14
411
519
590
672
764
653
626
530
489
385
415
406
376
434
416
389
343
337
351
348
343
339
301
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
433
444
348
270
171
125
122
157
178
127
200
239
233
8
2
12
4
1
1
1
1
3
1
(s)
15
4
380
382
343
314
287
282
314
300
314
359
370
389
336
821
828
703
588
458
408
436
458
494
487
571
643
573
303
310
244
189
119
87
85
110
124
89
140
167
163
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
124
125
112
103
94
92
103
98
103
117
121
127
110
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
21
22
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
20
20
16
12
8
6
6
7
8
6
9
11
11
468
477
395
326
243
208
216
238
257
234
292
329
306
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
R 330
14
4
2
1
1
1
9
1
14
12
5
17
7
404
359
331
303
268
289
295
323
322
332
368
367
330
R 749
R 221
R 416
R 354
R 110
R2
R 234
R 484
R 144
R3
R 257
R 481
R 128
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R4
R 469
20
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
R6
R 219
132
117
108
99
88
94
97
106
105
109
120
120
108
R 380
R 272
R 661
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
2
2
1
2
1
R5
R 768
R3
R 247
R2
R 226
R2
R 239
R3
R 289
R3
R 300
R4
R 346
R4
R 362
R3
R 304
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
10-Month Average ...
R 396
R 417
R5
R 405
R4
R 315
R2
R 238
R2
R 231
R1
R 190
R2
R 204
R2
R 216
R2
R 209
325
218
2
7
9
1
16
(s)
1
1
1
2
4
2014 10-Month Average ...

242
236
6
3
R 406
R 328
R 164
R 215
R 191
R 155
R 162
R 234
R 244
R 297
R 319
R 253
R 379
R 271
R 169
R 163
R 99
R 110
R 137
R 135
R 459
104
R 486
R 108
R 570
R 156
R 589
R 164
R 670
R 199
R 703
R 213
R 590
R 169
381
380
325
307
290
305
321
302
285
316
321
R 779
R 265
R 766
R 253
R 604
R 181
R 476
R 113
R 469
R 109
R 403
R 66
322
327
644
542
74
92
R 90
218
146
(s)
1
1
(s)
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
125
124
106
100
95
100
105
99
93
103
105
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R5
4
3
349
277
570
566
162
165
1
(s)
105
107
22
22
(s)
(s)
3
11
293
305
R 432
R 439
R 421
a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater
than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products

Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal
beginning in 1973.
65
Table 3.7b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherc
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
180
254
302
368
447
419
396
425
483
486
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
362
355
340
328
466
476
541
577
630
621
526
541
532
563
611
566
551
570
594
594
595
637
509
547
586
602
132
116
78
80
89
58
87
21
6
7
8
11
7
12
14
19
14
6
2
2
4
2
1
100
212
333
470
699
844
1,172
1,285
1,215
1,527
1,720
1,557
1,668
1,560
1,646
1,549
1,627
1,637
1,419
1,541
1,673
1,714
1,841
43
47
48
62
70
68
82
75
84
80
86
79
78
72
73
72
71
73
67
61
68
64
59
131
173
198
179
150
116
82
114
97
105
79
155
163
171
195
187
198
161
131
128
140
138
136
41
67
149
202
203
246
234
261
325
328
361
390
383
375
423
404
425
412
394
363
310
295
319
617
686
689
689
708
658
586
326
179
147
105
89
83
96
108
123
104
84
84
57
52
59
30
250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
1,343
1,272
1,215
1,822
2,387
2,708
3,247
3,808
4,038
4,842
4,065
4,304
4,594
4,903
4,892
4,934
4,918
5,222
5,100
5,193
5,056
4,559
4,272
4,500
4,484
4,543
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
224
215
236
290
308
406
453
464
461
377
262
180
323
749
621
525
571
565
500
449
453
544
809
721
705
601
1
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
3
1
2,217
2,232
2,005
1,836
1,674
1,647
1,833
1,754
1,831
2,097
2,162
2,270
1,962
65
65
65
58
66
73
63
62
61
60
51
59
62
134
135
139
143
146
146
148
147
144
144
144
140
143
351
230
241
219
331
334
307
331
337
257
346
251
295
22
20
28
18
16
19
23
26
23
17
24
17
21
1,171
1,214
1,114
1,189
1,363
1,311
1,336
1,192
1,521
1,178
1,426
1,377
1,282
4,935
4,731
4,356
4,325
4,469
4,436
4,610
4,430
4,922
4,939
5,135
5,001
4,690
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
195
208
215
278
346
402
466
458
447
392
264
247
327
R 916
3
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
3
2
1
3
1
2,361
2,093
1,934
1,768
1,563
1,686
1,724
1,884
1,882
1,938
2,150
2,145
1,926
54
53
75
68
67
60
71
66
74
65
71
57
65
133
140
140
144
146
146
149
150
142
148
144
144
144
372
240
114
278
308
287
356
288
354
328
354
200
290
R 19
1,098
1,256
1,130
1,224
1,183
1,171
1,166
1,184
1,358
1,234
1,225
1,223
1,204
R 5,150
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
198
214
235
302
340
470
484
507
471
400
363
R 852
R 4,981

342
344
4,588
4,615
713
R 669
R 715
R 586
R 516
R 511
R 496
R 554
R 769
R 574
R 758
R 648
R 12
R 19
R 16
R 18
R 17
R 14
R 19
R 17
R 24
R 18
R 18
506
664
(s)
1
2
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2,223
2,221
1,895
1,793
1,695
1,778
1,873
1,760
1,666
1,844
1,873
79
57
75
64
84
66
81
63
66
77
71
141
140
146
147
149
152
152
153
150
149
148
323
169
335
328
332
356
343
344
237
280
306
R 19
14
16
1,146
1,226
1,193
1,220
1,303
1,309
1,303
1,308
1,143
1,125
1,228
644
579
1
1
1,882
1,911
65
64
144
143
293
294
17
21
1,199
1,259
R 929
R 735
R 716
R 539
R 583
R 564
R 531
R 715
a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per
66
R 17
R 10
R 19
R 11
R 17
R 12
R 22
R 21
R 20
R 4,721
R 4,290
R 4,494
R 4,214
R 4,287
R 4,462
R 4,540
R 4,833
R 4,892
R 4,807
R 4,795
R 4,623
R 4,966
R 4,635
R 4,581
R 4,461
R 4,726
R 4,823
R 4,688
R 4,467
4,396
4,670
day.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products
Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal
beginning in 1973.
Table 3.7c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors

Electric Power Sectora
Transportation Sector
Aviation
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolined
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oile
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oilf
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
108
192
161
120
55
39
35
27
24
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
15
14
226
372
418
514
738
998
1,311
1,491
1,722
1,973
2,422
2,489
2,536
2,629
2,783
2,858
3,017
3,037
2,738
2,626
2,764
2,849
2,719
(c)
154
371
602
967
992
1,062
1,218
1,522
1,514
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
1,393
1,432
1,425
1,398
2
9
13
23
32
31
13
21
16
13
8
10
10
13
14
20
20
16
29
20
21
24
26
64
70
68
67
66
70
77
71
80
76
81
74
73
68
69
68
67
69
64
57
64
61
56
2,433
3,221
3,736
4,374
5,589
6,512
6,441
6,667
7,080
7,674
8,370
8,435
8,662
8,733
8,887
8,948
9,029
9,093
8,834
8,841
8,824
8,591
8,525
524
440
367
336
332
310
608
342
443
397
386
255
295
249
321
365
395
433
402
344
389
338
291
3,356
4,458
5,135
6,036
7,778
8,951
9,546
9,838
10,888
11,668
13,012
12,938
13,208
13,286
13,720
13,957
14,178
14,287
13,621
13,297
13,508
13,303
13,029
15
15
10
14
66
107
79
40
45
51
82
80
60
76
52
54
35
42
34
33
38
30
25
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
1
2
3
14
37
45
47
80
79
101
111
97
78
70
63
65
66
41
192
191
231
302
853
1,280
1,069
435
507
247
378
437
287
379
382
382
157
173
104
79
67
41
33
207
206
241
316
928
1,388
1,151
478
566
334
505
564
427
534
535
547
289
293
209
175
170
137
99
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
11
8
12
12
15
15
16
14
11
11
14
7
12
2,542
2,584
2,630
2,801
2,867
2,928
2,932
2,952
2,858
2,993
2,807
2,741
2,804
1,311
1,344
1,393
1,444
1,459
1,454
1,546
1,524
1,417
1,455
1,429
1,428
1,434
36
36
32
30
27
27
30
28
30
34
35
37
32
62
62
62
55
62
69
59
59
58
56
48
56
59
8,176
8,239
8,480
8,691
8,866
8,909
8,976
8,955
8,780
8,778
8,757
8,508
8,679
250
221
367
212
191
231
291
343
310
216
302
104
253
12,387
12,493
12,976
13,244
13,487
13,631
13,850
13,874
13,462
13,543
13,393
12,881
13,273
35
26
22
24
27
23
34
21
21
21
26
35
26
53
52
50
48
66
69
67
70
65
58
48
57
59
50
37
28
30
28
31
44
33
29
28
27
38
34
138
114
101
102
121
124
146
124
116
108
100
129
119
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
10
7
12
12
13
11
17
14
12
11
11
12
12
R 2,714
R 2,722
R 2,803
R 2,979
R 2,980
R 3,043
R 3,076
R 3,086
R 2,966
R 3,068
R 2,819
R 2,861
R 2,928
1,364
1,380
1,433
1,455
1,400
1,544
1,559
1,522
1,482
1,479
1,476
1,537
1,470
38
34
31
29
25
27
28
30
30
31
35
35
31
51
50
70
64
63
57
67
62
70
61
67
54
61
8,120
8,486
8,535
8,789
8,855
8,871
9,077
9,138
8,658
8,978
8,755
8,775
8,755
R 162
R 160
R 107
R 12,459
R 12,839
R 12,991
R 13,556
R 13,520
R 13,760
R 14,026
R 14,021
R 13,445
R 13,829
R 13,448
R 13,480
R 13,452
159
48
47
22
27
23
21
23
23
21
27
27
39
66
60
64
46
60
64
58
58
59
34
45
65
57
138
55
57
28
24
27
31
33
28
26
26
24
41
364
164
168
96
110
114
110
113
110
81
98
116
137
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
8
8
9
14
13
12
18
11
11
14
12
R 2,679
R 2,841
R 2,839
R 2,980
R 2,954
R 3,080
R 3,104
R 3,105
R 3,054
36
36
31
29
27
29
30
29
27
30
30
74
54
71
60
79
62
77
59
62
72
67
8,556
8,490
8,887
8,969
9,079
9,216
9,263
9,291
9,102
9,078
8,997
R 191
R 33
R 211
R 110
R 12,912
R 12,904
R 13,587
R 13,645
R 13,849
R 14,166
R 14,392
R 14,352
R 14,014
2,923
2,956
1,367
1,442
1,540
1,483
1,507
1,637
1,637
1,596
1,535
1,584
1,534
13,866
13,776
43
134
27
21
27
27
25
23
22
21
36
61
71
43
47
53
50
65
61
61
47
56
57
149
28
28
25
30
38
34
31
28
44
161
354
97
96
106
106
128
119
114
96
136

12
12
2,945
2,810
1,462
1,436
30
31
62
60
8,753
8,688
185
264
13,449
13,301
41
26
57
60
45
34
143
119
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data
are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.7b.)
d Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
229
R 182
R 207
R 203
R 169
R 228
R 200
R 285
R 206
R 195
189
129
R 263
261
222
166
179
f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of
petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
no. 4.
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total petroleum
consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5.
Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note
1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.
beginning in 1973.
67
Figure 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 19492014

(Quadrillion Btu)
Residential and Commerciala Sectors, Selected Products
3
2
Distillate Fuel Oil
1
Residual Fuel Oil
LPGb
Kerosene
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Industriala Sector, Selected Products

3
LPGb
2
Distillate Fuel Oil
1
Asphalt and
Road Oil
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2000
2005
2010
Transportation Sector, Selected Products

20
15
Motor Gasolinec
10

Jet Fuele
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
a
b
c
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodie-
68
1985
1990
1995
sel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

e
Figure 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

(Quadrillion Btu)
Residential and Commerciala Sectors, Selected Products
0.20
0.15
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.10
0.05
LPGb
Residual Fuel Oil
0.00
J
F M A M J J A S O N D
2013
2014
2015
F M A M J J A
2015
S O N D
F M A M J J A
2015
S O N D
Industriala Sector, Selected Products

0.3
LPGb
0.2
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.1
Asphalt and Road Oil

0.0
J
F M A M J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M J J
2014
S O N D
Transportation Sector, Selected Products

1.8
Motor Gasolinec
1.2
0.6
Jet Fuele
0.0
J
F M A M J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M J J A
2014
a
b
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into
S O N D
distillate fuel oil.

e
69
Table 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
829
1,194
1,568
1,713
1,878
1,807
1,316
1,092
978
904
904
907
859
931
923
853
709
721
750
582
562
523
482
347
371
354
334
298
161
107
159
64
74
95
95
60
70
85
84
66
44
21
28
29
19
8
146
202
305
385
549
512
311
314
352
395
555
526
537
544
512
513
446
484
553
547
530
506
402
1,322
1,767
2,227
2,432
2,725
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,373
1,553
1,528
1,456
1,546
1,519
1,450
1,221
1,249
1,324
1,157
1,121
1,048
892
262
377
494
534
587
587
518
631
536
478
490
508
444
496
470
447
400
381
384
395
391
391
355
47
51
48
54
61
49
41
33
12
22
30
31
16
19
20
22
15
9
4
4
5
3
1
39
54
81
103
143
129
88
95
102
109
150
143
141
157
152
131
123
121
158
139
140
146
138
100
133
67
77
86
89
107
96
111
18
45
37
45
60
45
46
48
60
45
52
52
44
39
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
424
480
559
645
714
492
565
228
230
141
92
70
80
111
122
116
75
75
71
71
62
54
31
872
1,095
1,248
1,413
1,592
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
807
789
726
842
810
762
662
648
663
662
650
639
564
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
77
72
62
47
31
22
22
28
31
23
35
43
491
1
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
3
8
45
41
41
36
34
32
37
36
36
43
43
46
470
124
113
105
84
65
54
59
64
67
66
77
92
970
54
50
44
33
21
15
15
20
22
16
24
30
344
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
15
13
13
12
11
11
12
12
12
14
14
15
154
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
40
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
24
76
70
64
50
38
30
32
36
38
35
43
51
563
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
R 59
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
2
2
1
3
14
48
39
39
35
32
33
35
38
37
39
42
44
462
R 110
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
16
13
13
11
10
11
11
13
12
13
14
14
151
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
3
40
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
R1
R 60
R1
R 61
R1
R 56
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
R1
R1
R1
R8
R 34
R 1,009
40
44
R 39
19
26
22
19
R 19
27
29
R 34
38
R 357
R 558
45
41
39
35
35
35
38
36
33
38
374
R 116
R 47
15
13
13
12
11
11
12
12
11
12
122
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
35
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R1
R 67
R1
R 58
R1
R 50
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
R 35
376
382
123
125
34
33
(s)
(s)
6
21
449
469
R 66
R 59
R 28
R 38
R 33
R 28
R 29
R 40
R 44
R 51
R 57
R 533
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
10-Month Total .......
R 71
24
R 23
58
382
(s)
1
2
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
2014 10-Month Total .......

2013 10-Month Total .......
424
414
10
6
R 61
R 49
R 29
R 29
17
R 20
R 105
R 98
R 64
R 71
R 67
R 64
R 68
R 80
R 85
R 95
R 104
R 103
41
R 89
R 32
R 65
60
56
96
763
20
20
R 11
13
16
16
39
256
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
811
801
284
289
1
1
R 67
52
R 58
a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than
-0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
70
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R 40
R 37
R 34
R 36
R 43
R 47
R 53
R 57
R 35
27
30
R 32
R 30
56
419
and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.

See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
beginning in 1973.
Table 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
878
859
827
698
991
1,016
1,150
1,226
1,339
1,324
1,119
1,150
1,130
1,199
1,299
1,203
1,169
1,213
1,262
1,258
1,256
1,348
1,073
1,153
1,236
1,271
274
241
161
165
185
119
181
44
12
15
16
23
14
24
28
39
30
13
4
4
7
4
2
156
323
507
712
953
1,123
1,559
1,664
1,582
1,990
2,228
2,014
2,160
2,028
2,141
2,009
2,104
2,106
1,823
1,950
2,121
2,152
2,335
94
103
107
137
155
149
182
166
186
178
190
174
172
159
161
160
156
161
150
135
149
142
130
251
332
381
342
288
223
158
218
185
200
150
295
309
324
371
355
374
302
246
238
260
255
252
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
46
40
48
58
63
81
93
95
92
78
52
37
783
134
100
94
99
101
87
80
81
94
145
125
126
1,266
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
242
221
219
193
179
171
197
188
188
227
226
246
2,498
12
11
12
11
12
13
12
12
11
11
9
11
138
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
40
39
44
55
71
80
96
94
89
81
53
51
793
R 164
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
3
258
205
207
184
165
173
182
199
193
209
225
233
2,433
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
41
40
48
60
70
94
100
104
94
82
732
150
R 132
R 124
96
R 101
R 101
R 95
R 124
91
1,166
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2014 10-Month Total .......

2013 10-Month Total .......
689
694
1,131
1,015
2
1
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
115
R 120
R 124
R 105
89
R 92
R 89
96
R 138
99
R 136
R 1,366
R 153
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherc
Total
90
147
328
444
446
540
516
575
714
721
796
858
842
825
937
894
938
910
870
805
694
663
717
1,416
1,573
1,584
1,582
1,624
1,509
1,349
748
411
337
241
203
190
220
249
281
239
193
194
130
120
135
70
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
2,800
2,676
2,558
3,960
5,123
5,766
6,813
7,776
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,587
9,075
9,179
9,170
9,233
9,832
9,641
9,777
9,452
8,588
7,819
8,183
8,121
8,163
21
19
22
22
23
22
23
23
22
23
22
22
264
67
40
46
41
63
62
59
63
62
49
64
48
663
4
3
6
3
3
3
4
5
4
3
4
3
48
208
196
197
204
241
223
241
212
258
211
243
244
2,677
735
631
644
630
686
662
710
680
732
746
746
738
8,340
10
9
14
12
13
11
13
12
13
12
13
11
144
21
20
22
22
23
22
23
24
22
23
22
23
266
71
42
22
51
59
53
68
55
65
62
65
39
653
R4
195
201
202
212
212
201
209
211
233
218
211
215
2,518
R 763
242
217
203
185
181
185
201
189
170
196
1,969
15
10
14
12
16
12
15
12
12
14
131
22
20
23
22
23
23
24
24
23
23
228
62
30
64
61
63
66
66
66
44
53
574
R4
2
R4
2
3
2
4
4
R4
3
31
202
195
209
208
232
225
232
229
196
197
2,125
660
6,958
1,975
2,025
120
118
221
220
550
551
33
40
2,093
2,190
6,814
6,856
a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
secondary
supply)
reclassified
as
gasoline
blending
components.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
3
2
R4
3
3
3
R3
R4
3
R5
R4
R 41
R 633
633
R 665
R 650
R 633
R 687
R 687
R 716
R 747
R 693
R 710
R 8,216
R 740
R 663
R 697
R 673
R 685
R 707
R 743
R 724
R 665
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
beginning in 1973.
71
Table 3.8c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power
Sectors (Trillion Btu)
Electric Power Sectora
Aviation
Gasoline
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
(c)
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolined
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oile
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oilf
Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
199
354
298
222
100
71
64
50
45
40
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
27
27
25
480
791
892
1,093
1,569
2,121
2,795
3,170
3,661
4,191
5,159
5,286
5,387
5,584
5,925
6,068
6,390
6,413
5,792
5,541
5,828
6,003
5,741
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,029
2,179
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
2,963
2,950
2,901
3
13
19
32
44
43
18
30
23
18
12
14
14
18
19
28
27
22
40
28
29
34
37
141
155
152
149
147
155
172
156
176
168
179
164
162
150
152
151
147
152
141
127
141
134
123
4,664
6,175
7,183
8,386
10,716
12,485
12,383
12,784
13,575
14,616
15,973
16,053
16,474
16,585
16,917
16,977
17,108
17,109
16,574
16,460
16,356
15,892
15,798
1,201
1,009
844
770
761
711
1,398
786
1,016
911
888
586
677
571
740
837
906
994
926
791
892
776
671
6,690
8,799
10,125
11,866
15,310
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
23,075
25,827
25,564
26,089
26,203
27,166
27,573
27,991
28,078
26,695
25,857
26,236
25,817
25,297
32
32
22
29
141
226
169
85
97
108
175
170
127
161
111
114
73
89
73
70
80
64
52
NA
NA
NA
NA
19
2
5
7
30
81
99
103
175
175
211
231
203
163
146
132
137
138
85
440
439
530
693
1,958
2,937
2,459
998
1,163
566
871
1,003
659
869
879
876
361
397
240
181
154
93
77
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
1,144
1,276
961
1,205
1,201
1,222
637
648
459
382
370
295
214
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
22
455
417
470
485
513
506
524
528
494
535
485
490
5,902
230
213
245
246
256
247
272
268
241
256
243
251
2,969
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
44
12
11
12
10
12
12
11
11
11
11
9
10
130
1,283
1,168
1,331
1,320
1,391
1,353
1,409
1,405
1,333
1,377
1,330
1,335
16,035
49
39
72
40
37
44
57
67
58
42
57
20
581
2,034
1,853
2,135
2,105
2,215
2,168
2,278
2,284
2,142
2,227
2,130
2,112
25,684
6
4
4
4
5
4
6
4
4
4
4
6
55
9
8
9
8
12
12
12
12
11
10
8
10
123
10
6
6
6
6
6
9
6
6
5
5
7
77
25
19
18
18
22
22
27
23
20
20
18
24
255
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
22
240
219
252
248
246
263
274
268
252
260
251
270
3,042
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
44
10
9
13
12
12
10
13
12
13
12
12
10
136
1,274
1,202
1,339
1,334
1,389
1,347
1,424
1,433
1,314
1,408
1,329
1,376
16,170
29
8
8
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
82
12
10
11
8
11
11
10
10
10
6
8
12
118
27
10
11
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
95
67
27
31
17
20
20
20
21
19
15
17
21
295
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
18
479
459
507
R 515
R 528
R 533
R 555
R 555
R 528
522
5,181
240
229
271
252
265
279
288
281
261
278
2,643
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
35
14
9
13
11
15
11
14
11
11
14
124
1,342
1,203
1,394
1,362
1,424
1,399
1,453
1,457
1,382
1,424
13,840
37
6
41
R 21
37
24
R 51
51
42
32
342
2,118
1,910
2,232
R 2,166
R 2,274
R 2,251
R 2,368
R 2,360
R 2,229
2,276
22,185
8
22
5
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
64
11
11
8
8
9
9
11
11
10
8
97
11
26
5
5
5
6
7
7
6
5
84
30
59
18
17
19
19
23
22
20
18
245
2014 10-Month Total .......

2013 10-Month Total .......
18
19
5,162
4,927
2,521
2,474
36
36
114
111
13,464
13,370
353
504
21,668
21,441
73
45
99
104
86
65
257
214
485
439
501
R 515
R 533
R 526
R 550
R 552
R 513
R 548
R 488
R 512
R 6,162
R
R
R
R
R
a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other" on Table 3.8b.)
d Finished motor gasoline.
Through 1963, also includes special naphthas.
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include
f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
Through 1979, data are for steam plant use of
72
32
28
21
43
R 36
39
39
33
43
39
R 54
40
R 447
R
R
2,046
1,902
2,131
R 2,157
R 2,220
R 2,190
R 2,306
R 2,303
R 2,140
R 2,273
R 2,139
R 2,214
R 26,021
R
R
R
R
petroleum. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil
no. 4.
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total heat content of
petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum
products supplied in Table 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of
petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption"
in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Petroleum
Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption. Total petroleum products supplied is the
sum of the products supplied for each petroleum product,
crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each of these except crude oil, product supplied
is calculated by adding refinery production, natural gas
plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,
imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock
additions, refinery inputs, and exports. Crude oil product
supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and at
pipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813,
Monthly Crude Oil Report. Prior to 1983, crude oil
burned on leases and used at pipeline pump stations was
reported as either distillate or residual fuel oil and was
included as product supplied for these products. Petroleum product supplied (see Tables 3.5 and 3.6) is an
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term Petroleum Consumption in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
Note 2. Petroleum Survey Respondents. The U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses a number of
sources and methods to maintain the survey respondent lists.
On a regular basis, survey managers review such industry
publications as the Oil & Gas Journal and Oil Daily for
information on facilities or companies starting up or closing
down operations. Those sources are augmented by articles
in newspapers, communications from respondents indicating
changes in status, and information received from survey
systems.
To supplement routine frames maintenance and to provide
more thorough coverage, a comprehensive frames investigation is conducted every 3 years. This investigation results in
the reassessment and recompilation of the complete frame
for each survey. The effort also includes the evaluation of
the impact of potential frame changes on the historical time
series of data from these respondents. The results of this
frame study are usually implemented in January to provide a
full year under the same frame.
Note 3. Historical Petroleum Data. Detailed information
on petroleum data through 1993 can be found in Notes 16
on pages 60 and 61 in the July 2013 Monthly Energy Review
(MER) at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/archive/00351307.pdf.
The notes discuss:

Note 1, Petroleum Survey Respondents: In 1993, EIA
added numerous companies that produce, blend, store, or
import oxygenates to the monthly surveys.
Note 2, Motor Gasoline: In 1981, EIA expanded its
universe to include nonrefinery blenders and separated
blending components from finished motor gasoline as a
reporting category. In 1993, EIA made adjustments to
finished motor gasoline product supplied data to more
accurately account for fuel ethanol and motor gasoline
blending components blended into finished motor gasoline.
Note 3, Distillate and Residual Fuel Oils: In 1981, EIA

eliminated the requirement to report crude oil in pipelines or
burned on leases as either distillate or residual fuel oil.
Note 4, Petroleum New Stock Basis: In 1975, 1979,
1981, and 1983, EIA added numerous respondents to bulk
terminal and pipeline surveys; in 1984, EIA made changes
in the reporting of natural gas liquids; and in 1993, EIA
changed how it collected bulk terminal and pipeline stocks
of oxygenates. These changes affected stocks reported and
stock change calculations.
Note 5, Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil: In 1981, EIA began
to include data for stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
Note 6, Petroleum Data Discrepancies: In 1976, 1978,
and 1979, there are some small discrepancies between data
in the MER and the Petroleum Supply Annual.
Table 3.1 Sources

19491975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
19761980:
(EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports.
19812001: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual
reports.
2002 forward: EIA, PSA, annual reports, and unpublished
revisions; Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports;
revisions to crude oil production, total field production, and
adjustments (based on crude oil production data from: Form
EIA-914, Monthly Crude Oil, Lease Condensate, and
Natural Gas Production Report; state government agencies;
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Safety and
Environmental Enforcement, and predecessor agencies; and
Form EIA-182, Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase
Report); and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and Monthly Energy Review
data system calculations.
Table 3.6 Sources

Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt
and road oil are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the asphalt and road oil heat content
Aviation Gasoline
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for
aviation gasoline are from Table 3.5, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the aviation gasoline
(finished) heat content factor in Table A1.
Distillate Fuel Oil
19492008: Product supplied data in thousand barrels per
day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 3.5, and are
73
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel

oil heat content factors in Table A3.
2009 forward: Data for refinery and blender net inputs of
renewable diesel fuel are from U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA)/Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Table 1 (for
biomass-based diesel fuel, the data are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1;
for other renewable diesel fuel, the data are converted to Btu
by multiplying by the other renewable diesel fuel heat
content factor in Table A1). Product supplied data for distillate fuel oil from Table 3.5, minus data for renewable diesel
fuel from the PSA/PSM, are converted to Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3.
Total distillate fuel oil product supplied is the sum of distillate fuel oil (excluding renewable diesel fuel) and renewable
diesel fuel.
Jet Fuel
kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004, naphtha-type jet
fuel are from EIAs PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see
sources for Table 3.5). These data are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in
Table A1. Total jet fuel product supplied is the sum of the
data in trillion Btu for kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet
fuel.
Kerosene
kerosene are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the kerosene heat content factor in
Table A1.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Total
Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for the component products of
LPG
(ethane/ethylene,
propane/propylene,
normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) are from the
PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see sources for Table
3.5). These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying
by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1. Total
LPG product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion Btu
for the LPG component products.
For the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total LPG are from Table 3.5,
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the LPG
Lubricants
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for lubricants are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the lubricants heat content factor in Table
A1.
by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in

Table A3.
Other Petroleum Products
Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for other petroleum products
are from the PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see
sources for Table 3.5). Other petroleum products
include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special
naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products; beginning in 1981, also includes negative
barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both
primary and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline
blending components; beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel; and beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. These data are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat
content factors in MER Table A1. Total Other petroleum product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion
Btu for the individual products.
For the current two months, total Other petroleum
products supplied is calculated by first estimating total
petroleum products supplied (product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total petroleum from Table 3.5
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total
petroleum consumption heat content factor in Table A3),
and then subtracting data in trillion Btu (from Table 3.6) for
asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet
fuel, kerosene, total LPG, lubricants, motor gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil.
Petroleum Coke
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the petroleum coke heat content
Propane
propane are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu
by multiplying by the propane/propylene heat content factor
in Table A1.
Residual Fuel Oil
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for residual fuel oil are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the residual fuel oil heat content
factor in Table A1.
Total Petroleum
Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the products (except Propane) shown in
Table 3.6.
Motor Gasoline
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for motor
gasoline are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu
74
Tables 3.7a3.7c Sources
(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year are

based on the most recent Sales report.
Petroleum consumption data for 19491972 are from the

following sources:
Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.
19601972: EIA, State Energy Data System.
Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is

directly from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's
sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split
into residential, commercial, and industrial (including
farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares.
Petroleum consumption data beginning in 1973 are derived

from data for petroleum products supplied from the
following sources:
Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports.
19761980: EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement Annual, annual reports.
19812014:
EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual
reports, and unpublished revisions.
2015: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is

sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split
into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm)
in proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1973, energy-use allocation procedures by

individual product are as follows:
Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the

sum of the sales for industrial, farm, oil company,
off-highway diesel, and all other uses. Through 1978,
each year's sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial
category is split into residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares,
and this estimated industrial portion is added to oil
company, off-highway diesel, and all other uses.

All consumption of asphalt and road oil is assigned to the
industrial sector.
The transportation sector sales total is the sum of the sales

for railroad, vessel bunkering, on-highway diesel, and
military uses for all years.
Aviation Gasoline
All consumption of aviation gasoline is assigned to the
transportation sector.
Distillate Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Monthly Data

Residential sector and commercial sector monthly
consumption is estimated by allocating the annual
estimates, which are described above, into the months in
proportion to each month's share of the year's sales of
No. 2 heating oil. (For each month of the current year,
the residential and commercial consumption increase
from the same month in the previous year is based on the
percent increase in that months No. 2 heating oil sales
from the same month in the previous year.) The years
No. 2 heating oil sales totals are from the following
sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly
Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the
American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating
Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA-782A,
"Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum
Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users
and for Resale.
Distillate Fuel Oil

Distillate fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Distillate Fuel Oil, Electric Power Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum (minus small amounts of kerosene
and kerosene-type jet fuel deliveries) consumed in gas
turbine and internal combustion plants. For 19802000,
electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed
to be the amount of light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, plus
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel) consumed.
Distillate Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Annual Data
The aggregate end-use amount is total distillate fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric power
sector. The end-use total consumed annually is allocated to
the individual end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-0535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
The transportation highway use portion is allocated into

the months in proportion to each month's share of the
year's total sales for highway use as reported by the
Federal Highway Administration's Table MF-25,
"Private and Commercial Highway Use of Special Fuels
by Months." Beginning in 1994, the sales-for-highwayuse data are no longer available as a monthly series; the
1993 data are used for allocating succeeding year's totals
into months.
75
A distillate fuel oil balance is calculated as total distillate

fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector, residential sector, commercial sector, and for
highway use.
Industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months distillate fuel oil balance by the
annual industrial consumption share of the annual distillate
fuel oil balance.
Total transportation sector monthly consumption is
estimated as total distillate fuel oil supplied minus the
amount consumed by the residential, commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
Jet Fuel
Through 1982, small amounts of kerosene-type jet fuel were
consumed by the electric power sector. Kerosene-type jet
fuel deliveries to the electric power sector as reported on
Form FERC-423 (formerly Form FPC-423) were used as
estimates of this consumption. Through 2004, all remaining
jet fuel (kerosene-type and naphtha-type) is assigned to the
transportation sector. Beginning in 2005, kerosene-type jet
fuel is assigned to the transportation sector, while naphthatype jet fuel is classified under Other Petroleum Products,
which is assigned to the industrial sector.
Kerosene
Kerosene product supplied is allocated to the individual
end-use sectors (residential, commercial, and industrial)
in proportion to each sectors share of sales as reported in
EIA's Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series
(DOE/EIA-0535), which is based primarily on data
collected by Form EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales Report (previously Form EIA-172).
Beginning in 1979, the residential sector sales total is
sales category called "heating" is allocated to the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979
shares.
Beginning in 1979, the commercial sector sales total is
sales category called "heating" is allocated to the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979
shares.
Beginning in 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the
sum of the sales for industrial, farm, and all other uses.
Through 1978, each year's sales category called "heating" is
allocated to the residential, commercial and industrial
sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares, and the estimated
industrial (including farm) portion is added to all other uses.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
The annual shares of LPG's total consumption that are
estimated to be used by each sector are applied to each
76
month's total LPG consumption to create monthly sector

consumption estimates. The annual sector shares are
calculated as described below.
Sales of LPG to the residential and commercial sectors
combined are converted from thousand gallons per year to
thousand barrels per year and are assumed to be the
annual consumption of LPG by the combined sectors.
Beginning in 2003, residential sector LPG consumption
is assumed to equal propane retail sales, with the remainder of the combined residential and commercial LPG
consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
Through 2002, residential sector LPG consumption is based
on the average of the state residential shares for 20032008,
with the remainder of the combined residential and commercial
LPG consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
The quantity of LPG sold each year for consumption in
internal combustion engines is allocated between the transportation and industrial sectors on the basis of data for
special fuels used on highways published by the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, in Highway Statistics.
LPG consumed annually by the industrial sector is estimated
as the difference between LPG total product supplied and
the sum of the estimated LPG consumption by the residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. The industrial
sector LPG consumption includes LPG used by chemical
plants as raw materials or solvents and used in the production of synthetic rubber; refinery fuel use; use as synthetic
natural gas feedstock and use in secondary recovery
projects; all farm use; LPG sold to gas utility companies for
distribution through the mains; and a portion of the use of
LPG as an internal combustion engine fuel.
Sources of the annual sales data for creating annual energy
shares are:
19731982: EIA's "Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases
and Ethane" reports, based primarily on data collected by
Form EIA-174, Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases.
1983: End-use consumption estimates for 1983 are based
on 1982 end-use consumption because the collection of data
under Form EIA-174 was discontinued after data year 1982.
1984 forward: American Petroleum Institute (API), "Sales
of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases,"
which is based on an LPG sales survey jointly sponsored
by API, the Gas Processors Association, and the National
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association. EIA adjusts the data
to remove quantities of pentanes plus and to estimate
withheld values.
Lubricants
The consumption of lubricants is allocated to the industrial
and transportation sectors for all months according to proportions developed from annual sales of lubricants to the two
sectors from U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census
Bureau, Current Industrial Reports, "Sales of Lubricating and

Industrial Oils and Greases." The 1973 shares are applied to
1973 and 1974; the 1975 shares are applied to 1975 and 1976;
and the 1977 shares are applied to 1977 forward.
Motor Gasoline
The total monthly consumption of motor gasoline is
allocated to the sectors in proportion to aggregations of
annual sales categories created on the basis of the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Tables MF-21, MF-24, and
MF-25, as follows:
Commercial sales are the sum of sales for public
non-highway use and miscellaneous and unclassified uses.
Industrial sales are the sum of sales for agriculture,
construction, and industrial and commercial use as classified in the Highway Statistics.
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for highway use
(minus the sales of special fuels, which are primarily diesel
fuel and are accounted for in the transportation sector of
distillate fuel) and sales for marine use.
Petroleum Coke
Portions of petroleum coke are consumed by the electric
power sector (see sources for Table 7.4b) and the commercial
sector (see sources for Table 7.4c). The remaining petroleum
coke is assigned to the industrial sector.
Residual Fuel Oil
Residual fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Residual Fuel Oil, Electric Power Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of residual fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum consumed in steam-electric power
plants. For 19802000, electric utility consumption of
residual fuel oil is assumed to be the amount of heavy oil
(fuel oil nos. 4, 5, and 6) consumed.
Residual Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Annual Data
The aggregate end-use amount is total residual fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector. The end-use total consumed annually is
allocated to the individual end-use sectors (commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIAs Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year
are based on the most recent Sales report.
Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:
Beginning in 1979, commercial sales data are directly

from the Sales reports. Through 1978, each year's sales
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is
allocated to the commercial and industrial sectors in
proportion to the 1979 shares.
Beginning in 1979, industrial sales data are the sum of
sales for industrial, oil company, and all other uses.
Through 1978, each year's sales subtotal of the heating
plus industrial category is allocated to the commercial
and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares,
and the estimated industrial portion is added to oil
company and all other uses.
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for railroad,
vessel bunkering, and military uses for all years.
Residual Fuel Oil, End-Use Sectors, Monthly Data
Commercial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
allocating the annual estimates, which are described
above, into the months in proportion to each month's
share of the year's sales of No. 2 heating oil. (For each month
of the current year, the consumption increase from the same
month in the previous year is based on the percent increase in
that months No. 2 heating oil sales from the same month in
the previous year.) The years' No. 2 heating oil sales totals
are from the following sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl
Corporation, Monthly Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981
and 1982, the American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report
of Heating Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form
EIA-782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End
Users and for Resale.
A residual fuel oil balance is calculated as total residual
fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the
electric power sector, commercial sector, and by industrial
combined-heat-and-power plants (see sources for Table
7.4c).
Transportation sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months residual fuel oil balance by the
annual transportation consumption share of the annual residual fuel oil balance.
Total industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated as
total residual fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by
the commercial, transportation, and electric power sectors.
Consumption of all remaining petroleum products is
assigned to the industrial sector.
Other petroleum
products include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,
special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes
negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil
reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from
both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as
77
gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also

includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
Table 3.8a Sources

Distillate Fuel Oil
Residential and commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for distillate fuel oil are from
Table 3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table
A3.
Kerosene
thousand barrels per day for kerosene are from Table 3.7a,
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the
kerosene heat content factor in Table A1.
thousand barrels per day for LPG are from Table 3.7a, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the
propane/propylene heat content factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7a, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor
gasoline heat content factors in Table A3.
Petroleum Coke
19492003:
Commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table
3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the
total petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1.
2004 forward: Commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table
3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the
marketable petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1.
Residual Fuel Oil
Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for residual fuel oil are from Table 3.7a, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the residual fuel
oil heat content factor in Table A1.
Total Petroleum
Residential sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown
under Residential Sector in Table 3.8a. Commercial
sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Commercial Sector in Table 3.8a.
Table 3.8b Sources

Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for asphalt and road oil are from Table 3.7b, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the asphalt and
road oil heat content factor in Table A1.
Distillate Fuel Oil
day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 3.7b, and are
Kerosene
day for kerosene are from Table 3.7b, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the kerosene heat content
factor in Table A1.
Industrial sector consumption data for LPG are calculated
by subtracting LPG consumption data in trillion Btu for
the residential (Table 3.8a), commercial (Table 3.8a), and
transportation (Table 3.8c) sectors from total LPG
consumption (Table 3.6).
Lubricants
day for lubricants are from Table 3.7b, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the lubricants heat content
factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7b, and are
Industrial sector Other petroleum data are equal to the
Other petroleum data in Table 3.6.
Petroleum Coke
19492003: Industrial sector consumption data in thousand
barrels per day for petroleum coke are from Table 3.7b, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total
petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1.
2004 forward: Industrial sector consumption data for petroleum coke are calculated by subtracting petroleum coke
consumption data in trillion Btu for the commercial (Table
3.8a) and electric power (Table 3.8c) sectors from total
petroleum coke consumption (Table 3.6).
Residual Fuel Oil
day for residual fuel oil are from Table 3.7b, and are
78
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the residual fuel

oil heat content factor in Table A1.
Total Petroleum
Industrial sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown in
Table 3.8b.
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate

heat content factors in Table A1. Total transportation sector
jet fuel consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for
kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Table 3.8c Sources

Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels
per day for LPG are from Table 3.7c, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane/propylene heat
Aviation Gasoline
per day for aviation gasoline are from Table 3.7c, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the aviation
gasoline (finished) heat content factor in Table A1.
Lubricants
per day for lubricants are from Table 3.7c, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the lubricants
Distillate Fuel Oil, Electric Power Sector

Electric power sector consumption data in thousand barrels
per day for distillate fuel oil are from Table 3.7c, and are
Motor Gasoline
per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7c, and are
Distillate Fuel Oil, Transportation Sector

19492008: Transportation sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for distillate fuel oil are from Table
3.7c, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the
distillate fuel oil heat content factors in Table A3.
2009 forward: Data for refinery and blender net inputs of
renewable diesel fuel are from U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA)/Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Table 1 (for
biomass-based diesel fuel, the data are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1;
for other renewable diesel fuel, the data are converted to Btu
by multiplying by the other renewable diesel fuel heat
content factor in Table A1).
Transportation sector
consumption data from Table 3.7c, minus data for renewable diesel fuel from the PSA/PSM, are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the distillate fuel oil heat content factors in
Table A3. Total transportation sector distillate fuel oil
consumption is the sum of distillate fuel oil (excluding
renewable diesel fuel) and renewable diesel fuel.
Jet Fuel
per day for kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004,
naphtha-type jet fuel (see sources for Table 3.7c) are
Petroleum Coke
19492003: Electric power sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from
Table 3.7c, and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying
by the total petroleum coke heat content factor in Table A1.
2004 forward: Electric power sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for petroleum coke are from
by the marketable petroleum coke heat content factor in
Table A1.
Residual Fuel Oil
Transportation and electric power consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for residual fuel oil are from
by the residual fuel oil heat content factor in Table A1.
Total Petroleum
Transportation sector total petroleum consumption is the
sum of the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products
shown under Transportation Sector in Table 3.8c. Electric
power sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the
data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Electric Power Sector in Table 3.8c.
79
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
.
4. Natural
Gas
Figure 4.1 Natural Gas

(Trillion Cubic Feet)
Overview, 19492014
30
25
Consumption
20
Dry Production
15
10
Net Imports
5
0
-5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consumption by Sector, 19492014

12
10
Industrial
8
Electric Power
Residential
4
Commercial
Transportation
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Overview, Monthly
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consumption by Sector, Monthly
3.5
Consumption
1.2
3.0
0.9
2.5
Industrial
Electric
Power
Residential
2.0
0.6
1.5
Commercial
Dry Production
1.0
0.3
Transportation
0.5
Net Imports
0.0
0.0
2013
2014
2015
2013
2014
2015
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas.

82
Table 4.1 Natural Gas Overview

(Billion Cubic Feet)
Gross
Withdrawalsa
Marketed
Production
(Wet)b
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
8,480
11,720
15,088
17,963
23,786
21,104
21,870
19,607
21,523
23,744
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
24,664
25,636
26,057
26,816
28,479
29,542
i 6,282
i 9,405
i 12,771
i 16,040
i 21,921
i 20,109
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
NGPL
Dry Gas
Productionc Productiond
Supplemental
Gaseous
Fuelse
Trade
Net
Storage
Withdrawalsf
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports
Balancing ConsumpItemg
tionh
0
11
156
456
821
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
3,741
3,469
3,138
26
31
11
26
70
73
49
55
86
154
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
1,137
1,506
1,619
-26
-20
144
430
751
880
936
894
1,447
2,687
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
3,021
2,679
2,604
1,963
1,519
-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-344
23
235
-513
415
829
-1,166
467
-197
-114
52
-436
192
34
-355
-13
-354
-9
-175
-247
-274
-319
-228
-235
-640
-428
307
396
-306
99
65
44
461
236
103
-203
2
-103
115
-94
-66
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,877
17,281
j 19,174
22,207
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
24,087
24,477
25,538
i 6,022
i 9,029
i 12,228
i 15,286
i 21,014
i 19,236
20,180
17,270
18,594
19,506
20,198
20,570
19,885
19,974
19,517
18,927
19,410
20,196
21,112
21,648
22,382
24,036
25,283
260
377
543
753
906
872
777
816
784
908
1,016
954
957
876
927
876
906
930
953
1,024
1,066
1,134
1,250
19,403
16,454
17,810
18,599
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
19,266
20,159
20,624
21,316
22,902
24,033
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
155
126
123
110
90
86
68
68
60
64
66
63
61
65
65
60
61
2,512
2,270
2,504
2,446
2,489
2,385
2,512
2,495
2,414
2,513
2,455
2,526
29,523
2,136
1,935
2,137
2,095
2,157
2,084
2,196
2,192
2,115
2,193
2,144
2,178
25,562
113
103
113
111
114
111
117
116
112
116
114
116
1,357
2,023
1,833
2,023
1,983
2,043
1,974
2,080
2,075
2,003
2,076
2,030
2,062
24,206
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
55
278
237
248
221
234
237
236
236
244
220
219
273
2,883
154
133
149
126
142
134
129
130
122
122
114
117
1,572
124
104
100
95
92
103
108
106
121
98
105
156
1,311
732
613
387
-141
-426
-379
-281
-278
-361
-261
216
725
546
-5
14
7
26
39
41
15
19
-1
-51
-38
-27
38
2,879
2,567
2,521
1,967
1,752
1,743
1,926
1,927
1,767
1,867
2,317
2,921
26,155
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
2,594
2,346
2,630
2,564
2,642
2,561
2,617
2,628
2,621
2,732
2,644
2,767
31,346
2,209
2,002
2,246
2,206
2,300
2,235
2,342
2,358
2,297
2,396
2,325
2,418
27,337
130
118
132
130
135
132
138
139
135
141
137
142
1,608
2,079
1,885
2,114
2,077
2,165
2,104
2,205
2,219
2,162
2,255
2,189
2,276
25,728
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
60
295
245
234
201
207
202
201
207
202
221
227
254
2,695
135
139
150
122
114
120
127
115
120
115
121
137
1,514
161
107
85
79
93
82
74
91
82
106
107
117
1,181
991
745
363
-224
-488
-473
-409
-382
-431
-409
168
295
-253
-17
11
1
31
43
34
12
6
-2
-37
-100
-2
-21
3,219
2,752
2,568
1,967
1,817
1,752
1,887
1,939
1,816
1,920
2,368
2,691
26,695
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
E 2,771
E 2,515
E 2,822
E 2,746
E 2,780
E 2,699
RE 2,790
RE 2,766
E 2,751
E 2,817
E 27,458
E 2,401
E 2,188
E 2,441
E 2,382
E 2,435
E 2,390
RE 2,480
RE 2,474
E 2,407
E 2,455
E 24,053
133
125
142
142
145
141
146
148
144
153
1,418
E 2,268
RE 2,062
E 2,299
E 2,239
E 2,290
E 2,249
RE 2,335
RE 2,326
E 2,263
E 2,303
E 22,635
5
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
48
279
254
257
205
204
206
217
214
209
226
2,273
134
145
164
130
134
138
144
145
163
159
1,455
146
109
93
75
70
68
73
69
46
68
817
725
741
194
-321
-497
-362
-283
-309
R -372
-330
-815
R 27
R 2,617
38
8
-40
-41
R -19
R -23
-44
-73
2,036
1,876
1,920
2,088
R 2,070
R 1,920
2,002
22,613

25,934
24,541
22,593
21,241
1,329
1,127
21,264
20,113
49
45
2,214
2,391
1,256
1,341
958
1,050
-717
-395
82
103
21,636
20,917
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
a Gases withdrawn from natural gas, crude oil, coalbed, and shale gas wells.
Includes natural gas, natural gas plant liquids, and nonhydrocarbon gases; but
excludes lease condensate.
b Gross withdrawals minus repressuring, nonhydrocarbon gases removed, and
vented and flared. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Production," at end of section.
c Natural gas plant liquids (NGPL) production, gaseous equivalent. This data
series was previously called "Extraction Loss." See Note 2, "Natural Gas Plant
Liquids Production," at end of section.
d Marketed production (wet) minus NGPL production.
e See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
f Net withdrawals from underground storage. For 19802014, also includes net
withdrawals of liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. See Note 4, "Natural
Gas Storage," at end of section.
g See Note 5, "Natural Gas Balancing Item," at end of section. Beginning in
1980, excludes transit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural
gas delivered to its destination via the other country).
h See Note 6, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.
i Through 1979, may include unknown quantities of nonhydrocarbon gases.
j For 19891992, a small amount of consumption at independent power
-13
34
3,131
2,952
producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on
Table 4.3. See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000," at end of
section. Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia
(pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
pressure base is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of
and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, for which underground storage is
excluded from "Net Storage Withdrawals" through 2012).
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas (Excel
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Imports and Exports: Table 4.2. Consumption: Table 4.3.
Balancing Item: Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production,
supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net storage withdrawals. All Other
Data: 19492012U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual, annual reports. 2013 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly, Decemver
2015, Table 1.
83
Table 4.2 Natural Gas Trade by Country

Imports
Algeriaa Canadab
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Egypta
Mexicob Nigeriaa
Exports
Qatara
Trinidad
and
Tobagoa Othera,c
Total
Canadab
Japana
Mexicob Othera,d
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
0
0
0
0
1
5
86
24
84
18
47
65
27
53
120
97
17
77
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
109
405
779
948
797
926
1,448
2,816
3,544
3,729
3,785
3,437
3,607
3,700
3,590
3,783
3,589
3,271
3,280
3,117
2,963
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
120
115
55
160
73
35
3
0
(s)
47
52
(s)
0
102
0
0
7
12
10
2
0
0
9
13
54
43
28
30
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
38
8
50
12
8
57
95
12
13
42
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
23
35
14
12
3
0
18
3
13
46
91
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
99
98
151
378
462
439
389
448
267
236
190
129
112
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
14
8
11
46
11
0
18
15
29
81
92
26
0
11
156
456
821
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
3,741
3,469
3,138
3
11
6
18
11
10
(s)
(s)
17
28
73
167
189
271
395
358
341
482
559
701
739
937
971
0
0
0
0
44
53
45
53
53
65
66
66
63
66
62
65
61
47
39
31
33
18
14
23
20
6
8
15
9
4
2
16
61
106
141
263
343
397
305
322
292
365
338
333
499
620
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
32
52
14
26
31
11
26
70
73
49
55
86
154
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
1,137
1,506
1,619
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
265
225
240
215
229
229
228
227
227
215
216
270
2,786
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
11
8
5
5
6
8
8
6
9
3
3
0
70
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
6
3
0
3
17
278
237
248
221
234
237
236
236
244
220
219
273
2,883
99
84
92
71
82
76
66
68
70
70
60
73
911
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56
49
56
55
60
58
62
62
53
53
54
44
661
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
154
133
149
126
142
134
129
130
122
122
114
117
1,572
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
287
242
231
198
204
192
195
205
196
214
227
246
2,635
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
4
3
3
0
7
6
2
3
4
0
5
43
2
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
3
3
0
3
16
295
245
234
201
207
202
201
207
202
221
227
254
2,695
82
85
91
65
50
55
55
47
52
52
62
73
770
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
3
3
3
0
0
13
53
51
58
57
62
65
69
66
65
60
59
64
729
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
135
139
150
122
114
120
127
115
120
115
121
137
1,514
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
268
242
242
202
203
204
210
203
203
218
2,194
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
10
12
3
2
3
7
11
6
3
65
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
13
279
254
257
205
204
206
217
214
209
226
2,273
62
78
90
53
45
45
40
41
60
57
570
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
3
8
69
65
74
77
87
91
101
101
100
98
863
3
3
0
0
3
3
0
0
3
0
14
134
145
164
130
134
138
144
145
163
159
1,455

0
0
2,162
2,300
0
0
1
1
0
3
0
7
38
67
13
14
2,214
2,391
634
778
13
0
607
563
3
0
1,256
1,341
a
b
As liquefied natural gas.

By pipeline, except for small amounts of: liquefied natural gas (LNG) imported
from Canada in 1973, 1977, 1981, and 2013 forward; LNG exported to Canada in
2007 and 2012 forward; compressed natural gas (CNG) imported from Canada in
2014 and 2015; CNG exported to Canada in 2013 forward; and LNG exported to
Mexico beginning in 1998. See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end
of section.
c Australia in 19972001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007;
Indonesia in 1986 and 2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 20022005; Norway in
20082014; Oman in 20002005; Peru in 2010 and 2011; United Arab Emirates in
19962000; Yemen in 2010 forward; and Other (unassigned) in 2004 and 2014.
d Brazil in 20102012, 2014, and 2015; Chile in 2011; China in 2011; India in
20102012; Portugal in 2012; Russia in 2007; South Korea in 20092011; Spain in
2010 and 2011; Taiwan in 2015; and United Kingdom in 2010 and 2011.
(s)=Less than 500 million cubic feet.
Notes: See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section.
84
Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65 psia (pounds
per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the pressure base
is 14.73 psia at 60 Fahrenheit. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 19491954: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates
based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter.
19551971: Federal Power Commission data. 19721987: EIA, Form
FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."
19882012: EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 2013 forward: EIA,
Natural Gas Monthly, December 2015, Tables 4 and 5; and U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports."
Table 4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Industrial
Transportation
Other Industrial
Residential
Commerciala
Pipelinesd
and Distributione
Vehicle
Fuel
Electric
Power
Sectorf,g
Lease and
Plant Fuel
CHPb
Non-CHPc
Total
Total
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 5,963
6,906
6,757
6,035
6,287
6,007
6,066
5,518
5,412
5,604
5,715
5,178
5,797
5,931
6,077
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 7,018
8,164
8,142
7,344
7,527
7,150
7,256
6,601
6,527
6,655
6,670
6,167
6,826
6,994
7,226
3,426
4,542
5,771
7,112
9,249
8,365
8,198
6,867
8,255
9,384
9,293
8,463
8,640
8,273
8,354
7,713
7,669
7,881
7,890
7,443
8,112
8,317
8,622
126
245
347
501
722
583
635
504
660
700
642
625
667
591
566
584
584
621
648
670
674
688
731
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
5
13
15
15
18
21
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
30
126
245
347
501
722
583
635
504
660
705
655
640
682
610
587
607
608
646
674
697
703
718
761
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
i 3,245
4,237
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
7,387
7,574
9,111
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,877
17,281
i 19,174
22,207
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
24,087
24,477
25,538
Total
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,198
2,124
3,103
3,903
4,837
4,924
4,752
4,433
4,391
4,850
4,996
4,771
4,889
5,079
4,869
4,827
4,368
4,722
4,892
4,779
4,782
4,714
4,150
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,508
2,611
2,432
2,623
3,031
3,182
3,023
3,144
3,179
3,129
2,999
2,832
3,013
3,153
3,119
3,103
3,155
2,895
928
1,131
1,237
1,156
1,399
1,396
1,026
966
1,236
1,220
1,151
1,119
1,113
1,122
1,098
1,112
1,142
1,226
1,220
1,275
1,286
1,323
1,396
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
1,055
1,258
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
1,029
1,063
1,149
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
872
750
662
366
193
128
112
108
118
223
518
848
4,897
479
429
393
249
169
136
135
137
142
207
345
474
3,295
124
112
124
122
125
121
127
127
123
127
124
126
1,483
100
89
97
92
93
96
105
104
96
96
98
105
1,170
576
533
557
508
500
468
473
488
479
516
555
602
6,255
676
622
654
601
593
564
578
592
575
612
652
707
7,425
800
734
778
722
718
685
705
719
698
739
777
833
8,909
93
83
81
62
55
55
61
61
56
59
74
94
833
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
30
96
85
83
65
57
57
63
63
58
61
77
97
863
632
568
604
565
615
737
911
901
751
637
601
669
8,191
2,879
2,567
2,521
1,967
1,752
1,743
1,926
1,927
1,767
1,867
2,317
2,921
26,155
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1,037
853
700
356
203
126
113
105
122
212
544
717
5,087
572
490
421
251
177
141
138
137
149
202
362
427
3,467
121
110
123
121
126
123
129
129
126
131
128
133
1,500
106
89
94
89
92
91
99
101
95
95
94
100
1,145
615
569
584
537
512
493
504
506
495
514
564
588
6,479
720
657
679
626
604
584
603
607
589
608
658
688
7,624
842
767
802
747
730
707
732
736
715
740
785
821
9,124
103
88
81
61
56
54
58
60
56
59
74
85
836
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
35
106
90
84
64
59
57
61
63
59
62
77
88
871
663
551
561
549
647
721
843
898
771
703
600
639
8,146
3,219
2,752
2,568
1,967
1,817
1,752
1,887
1,939
1,816
1,920
2,368
2,691
26,695
936
904
E 132
E 120
E 134
E 131
E 134
E 131
E 136
RE 136
RE 132
E 135
E 1,320
103
91
98
91
95
97
101
103
96
95
969
613
571
566
518
506
478
490
495
481
517
5,235
717
662
663
609
601
575
591
598
577
612
6,204
848
782
797
740
735
706
727
R 734
R 709
746
7,524
E 98
E 92
E 82
E 64
E 59
E 60
E 65
E 65
E 60
E 63
E 708
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E 29
E 101
E 95
E 85
E 66
E 62
E 63
E 68
E 68
E 63
E 66
E 736
714
651
709
669
739
892
1,051
1,029
902
797
8,154
1,240
1,232
951
968
5,327
5,099
6,278
6,066
7,518
7,299
677
665
29
25
706
690
6,907
6,921
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
325
179
124
108
R 103
108
200
3,623
532
520
389
236
161
135
134
R 137
138
193
2,575

3,827
3,532
2,678
2,476
R 637
a All commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Table
7.4c for CHP fuel use.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
c All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and
"CHP."
d Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down.
e Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.
Beginning in 2009, includes line loss, which is known volumes of natural gas that
are the result of leaks, damage, accidents, migration, and/or blow down.
f The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
h Included in "Non-CHP."
i For 19891992, a small amount of consumption at independent power
producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector."
See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic
feet.
Notes: Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous
fuels.
See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
See Note 8, "Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000," at end of section.
3,131
2,952
R 2,617
2,036
1,876
1,920
2,088
R 2,070
R 1,920
2,002
22,613
21,636
20,917
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of

Section 7. Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Residential, Commercial, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial
Total and Pipelines and Distribution: 19492012U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
revisions. 2013 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), Decemver 2015,
Table 2. Other Industrial CHP: Table 7.4c. Other Industrial Non-CHP:
Calculated as other industrial total minus other industrial CHP. Industrial Total:
Calculated as lease and plant fuel plus other industrial total. Vehicle Fuel: 1990
and 1991EIA, NGA 2000, (November 2001), Table 95. 19921998EIA,
"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10,
and "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February 2004), Table
10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in
gasoline-equivalent gallons were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor
gasoline conversion factor (see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use
sectors conversion factor (see Table A4). 19992012EIA, NGA, annual reports.
2013 forwardEIA, NGM, Decemver 2015, Table 2. Transportation Total:
Calculated as pipelines and distribution plus vehicle fuel. Electric Power
Sector: Table 7.4b. Total Consumption: Calculated as the sum of residential,
commercial, industrial total, transportation total, and electric power sector.
85
Table 4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage

(Volumes in Billion Cubic Feet)
Natural Gas in
Underground Storage,
End of Period
Change in Working Gas

From Same Period
Previous Year
Storage Activity
Base Gas
Working Gas
Totala
Volume
Percent
Withdrawals
Injections
Netb,c
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
863
NA
1,848
2,326
3,162
3,642
3,842
3,868
4,349
4,352
4,301
4,340
4,303
4,201
4,200
4,211
4,234
4,232
4,277
4,301
4,302
4,372
NA
505
NA
1,242
1,678
2,212
2,655
2,607
3,068
2,153
1,719
2,904
2,375
2,563
2,696
2,635
3,070
2,879
2,840
3,130
3,111
3,462
3,413
NA
1,368
2,184
3,090
4,004
5,374
6,297
6,448
6,936
6,503
6,071
7,204
6,715
6,866
6,897
6,835
7,281
7,113
7,073
7,407
7,412
7,764
7,785
NA
40
NA
83
257
162
-99
-270
555
-453
-806
1,185
-528
187
133
-61
435
-191
-39
290
-19
351
-49
NA
8.7
NA
7.2
18.1
7.9
-3.6
-9.4
22.1
-17.4
-31.9
68.9
-18.2
7.9
5.2
-2.3
16.5
-6.2
-1.4
10.2
-.6
11.3
-1.4
175
437
713
960
1,459
1,760
1,910
2,359
1,934
2,974
3,498
2,309
3,138
3,099
3,037
3,057
2,493
3,325
3,374
2,966
3,274
3,074
2,818
230
505
844
1,078
1,857
2,104
1,896
2,128
2,433
2,566
2,684
3,464
2,670
3,292
3,150
3,002
2,924
3,133
3,340
3,315
3,291
3,422
2,825
-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-344
14
231
-499
408
814
-1,156
468
-193
-113
55
-431
192
34
-349
-17
-348
-7
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4,377
4,384
4,382
4,381
4,385
4,385
4,365
4,362
4,363
4,364
4,366
4,365
4,365
2,699
2,099
1,720
1,855
2,270
2,643
2,937
3,212
3,565
3,817
3,605
2,890
2,890
7,077
6,483
6,102
6,236
6,655
7,027
7,302
7,574
7,928
8,181
7,971
7,255
7,255
-211
-349
-753
-756
-617
-473
-308
-194
-129
-112
-194
-523
-523
-7.2
-14.3
-30.5
-29.0
-21.4
-15.2
-9.5
-5.7
-3.5
-2.9
-5.1
-15.3
-15.3
793
648
483
135
49
69
99
102
66
84
366
808
3,702
72
44
103
272
468
441
373
374
421
340
155
94
3,156
721
604
380
-137
-419
-372
-275
-272
-355
-256
211
714
546
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4,363
4,360
4,350
4,357
4,353
4,358
4,361
4,366
4,369
4,367
4,367
4,365
4,365
1,925
1,200
857
1,066
1,548
2,005
2,400
2,768
3,187
3,587
3,427
3,141
3,141
6,288
5,560
5,207
5,423
5,901
6,364
6,761
7,135
7,556
7,955
7,794
7,506
7,506
-774
-899
-863
-789
-722
-637
-537
-444
-377
-230
-178
251
251
-28.7
-42.8
-50.2
-42.5
-31.8
-24.1
-18.3
-13.8
-10.6
-6.0
-5.0
8.7
8.7
1,039
833
488
105
51
44
63
73
47
52
361
429
3,586
68
104
134
323
529
506
463
447
469
452
200
143
3,839
971
728
353
-217
-478
-463
-400
-374
-422
-400
161
286
-253
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
4,360
4,359
4,360
4,360
4,362
4,366
4,371
4,363
R 4,364
4,365
2,417
1,677
1,483
1,805
2,299
2,658
2,935
3,252
R 3,625
3,952
6,777
6,036
5,843
6,164
6,661
7,025
7,306
7,616
R 7,989
8,317
492
477
625
738
751
653
535
484
R 438
365
25.5
39.7
72.9
69.2
48.5
32.6
22.3
17.5
R 13.7
10.2
795
803
376
84
44
68
96
85
63
71
2,485
70
62
182
405
542
430
378
394
435
401
3,300
725
741
194
-321
-497
-362
-283
-309
R -372
-330
-815
2,795
2,528
3,496
2,907
-700
-379
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total

a For total underground storage capacity at the end of each calendar year, see
Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
b For 19802014, data differ from those shown on Table 4.1, which includes
liquefied natural gas storage for that period.
c Positive numbers indicate that withdrawals are greater than injections.
Negative numbers indicate that injections are greater than withdrawals. Net
withdrawals or injections may not equal the difference between applicable ending
stocks. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
R=Revised. =Not applicable. NA=Not available.
Notes: Through 1964, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.65
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit; beginning in 1965, the
and the District of Columbia (except Alaska, which is excluded through 2012).
86
beginning in 1973.
Sources:
Storage Activity:
19491975U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual 1994, Volume 2, Table 9.
19761979EIA, Natural Gas Production and Consumption 1979, Table 1.
19801995EIA, Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930 Through 2000, Table 11.
19962012EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly issues.
2013
forwardEIA, NGM, December 2015, Table 8.
All Other Data:

19541974American Gas Association, Gas Facts, annual issues. 1975 and
1976Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-G318-M-0, "Underground
Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1977 and 1978EIA, Form FEA-G318-M-0,
"Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 19791995EIA,
Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and FERC, Form FERC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 19962012EIA, NGA, annual reports.
2013 forwardEIA, NGM, December 2015, Table 8.
Natural Gas
Note 1. Natural Gas Production. Final annual data are
from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations (EIA)
Natural Gas Annual (NGA).
Data for the two most recent months presented are
estimated. Some of the data for earlier months are also estimated or computed. For a discussion of computation and estimation procedures, see EIAs Natural Gas Monthly (NGM).
Monthly data are considered preliminary until after publication
of the NGA. Preliminary monthly data are gathered from
reports to the Interstate Oil Compact Commission and the U.S.
Minerals Management Service.
Volumetric data are
converted, as necessary, to a standard pressure base of 14.73
psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 60 Fahrenheit.
Unless there are major changes, data are not revised until after
publication of the NGA.
Differences between annual data in the NGA and the sum of
preliminary monthly data (JanuaryDecember) are allocated
proportionally to the months to create final monthly data.
Note 2. Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Natural
gas plant liquids (NGPL) production is the reduction in
volume of natural gas resulting from the removal of natural
gas liquid constituents at natural gas processing
plantsthese natural gas plant liquids are transferred to
petroleum supply.
Annual data are from EIAs Natural Gas Annual (NGA),
where they are estimated on the basis of the type and quantity of liquid products extracted from the gas stream and the
calculated volume of such products at standard conditions.
For a detailed explanation of the calculations used to derive
estimated NGPL production, see the NGA.
Through 2006, preliminary monthly data are estimated on the
basis of NGPL production as an annual percentage of
marketed production. Beginning in 2007, preliminary monthly
data are estimated on the basis of NGPL production reported
on Form EIA-816, Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report.
Monthly data are revised and considered final after publication
of the NGA. Final monthly data are estimated by allocating
annual NGPL production data to the months on the basis of
total natural gas marketed production data from the NGA.
Note 3. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental
gaseous fuels are any substances that, introduced into or
commingled with natural gas, increase the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not
limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still
gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, and air or inert gases
added for Btu stabilization.
Annual data beginning with 1980 are from EIAs Natural
Gas Annual (NGA). Unknown quantities of supplemental
gaseous fuels are included in consumption data for 1979 and
earlier years. Monthly data are considered preliminary until
after publication of the NGA. Monthly estimates are based on
the annual ratio of supplemental gaseous fuels to the sum of dry

gas production, net imports, and net withdrawals from storage.
The ratio is applied to the monthly sum of the three elements to
compute a monthly supplemental gaseous fuels figure.
Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels
consumed is known for 1980 forward, the amount consumed
by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA. These estimates
are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous
fuels) data for Tables 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.6 (note: to avoid
double-counting in these tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are
accounted for in their primary energy category: Coal, Petroleum, or Biomass). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous
fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power
sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas used for lease
and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The
estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each
sector (residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power) is calculated as that sectors natural gas consumption
(see Table 4.3) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption
by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power sectors (see Table 4.3), and then multiplied by total
supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 4.1). For
estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels
in Btu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial values
in cubic feet are multiplied by the End-Use Sectors conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in
cubic feet are multiplied by the Electric Power Sector conversion factors (see Table A4). Total supplemental gaseous fuels
consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of the Btu values
for the sectors.
Note 4. Natural Gas Storage. Natural gas in storage at
the end of a reporting period may not equal the quantity
derived by adding or subtracting net injections or withdrawals from the quantity in storage at the end of the previous
period. Injection and withdrawal data from the
FERC-8/EIA-191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to
data from Form EIA-176 for publication of EIAs Natural
Gas Annual (NGA).
Total underground storage capacity, which includes both
active and inactive fields, at the end of each calendar year
since 1975 (first year data were available), in billion cubic
feet, was:
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6,280
6,544
6,678
6,890
6,929
7,434
7,805
7,915
7,985
8,043
8,087
8,145
8,124
8,124
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8,120
7,794
7,993
7,932
7,989
8,043
7,953
7,980
8,332
8,179
8,229
8,241
8,182
8,207
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8,206
8,255
8,268
8,330
8,402
8,499
8,656
8,764
8,849
8,991
9,173
9,233
87
Through 1990, monthly underground storage data are

collected from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Form FERC-8 (interstate data) and EIA Form EIA-191
(intrastate data). Beginning in 1991, all data are collected on
the revised Form EIA-191. Injection and withdrawal data from
the EIA-191 survey may be adjusted to correspond to data from
Form EIA-176 following publication of EIAs NGA.
The final monthly and annual storage and withdrawal data for
19802013 include both underground and liquefied natural
gas (LNG) storage. Annual data on LNG additions and withdrawals are from Form EIA-176. Monthly data are estimated
by computing the ratio of each months underground storage
additions and withdrawals to annual underground storage
additions and withdrawals and applying the ratio to the annual
LNG data.
Note 5. Natural Gas Balancing Item. The balancing item
for natural gas represents the difference between the sum of
the components of natural gas supply and the sum of
components of natural gas disposition. The differences may
be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting
problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the
net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying
temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard
temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in
company accounting and billing practices; differences between
billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and imbalances
resulting from the merger of data reporting systems that vary
in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
Note 6. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas
consumption statistics include data for the following: Residential Sector: residential deliveries; Commercial Sector:
commercial deliveries, including to commercial combinedheat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants; Industrial Sector: lease and plant fuel use, and
other industrial deliveries, including to industrial CHP and
industrial electricity-only plants; Transportation Sector:
pipelines and distribution use, and vehicle fuel use; and
Electric Power Sector: electric utility and independent
power producer use.
Final data for series other than Other Industrial CHP and
Electric Power Sector are from EIAs Natural Gas Annual
(NGA). Monthly data are considered preliminary until after
publication of the NGA. For more detailed information on the
methods of estimating preliminary and final monthly data, see
EIAs Natural Gas Monthly.
Note 7. Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992. Prior to
1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form EIA176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas
Supply and Disposition. As a result, for 19891992,
those volumes are probably included in both the industrial
and electric power sectors and double-counted in total
consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was
reported as delivered to nonutility generators.
88
Note 8. Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000. For

19932000, the original data for natural gas delivered to
industrial consumers (now Other Industrial in Table 4.3)
included deliveries to both industrial users and independent
power producers (IPPs). These data were adjusted to remove
the estimated consumption at IPPs from Other Industrial
and include it with electric utilities under Electric Power
Sector. (To estimate the monthly IPP consumption, the
monthly pattern for Other Industrial CHP in Table 4.3 was
used.)
For 19962000, monthly data for several natural gas series
shown in EIAs Natural Gas Navigator (see
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm)
were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with the
final annual data in EIAs Natural Gas Annual. In the
Monthly Energy Review, monthly data for these series were
adjusted so that the monthly data sum to the final annual
values. The Table 4.1 data series (and years) that were
adjusted are: Gross Withdrawals (1996, 1997), Marketed
Production (1997), NGPL Production (1997, 1998, 2000), Dry
Gas Production (1996, 1997), Supplemental Gaseous Fuels
(19972000), Balancing Item (19972000), and Total
Consumption (19972000). The Table 4.3 data series (and
years) that were adjusted are:
Lease and Plant Fuel
(19972000), Total Industrial (19972000), Pipelines and
Distribution (2000), Total Transportation (2000), and Total
Consumption (19972000).
Note 9. Natural Gas Imports and Exports. The United
States imports natural gas via pipeline from Canada and
Mexico; and imports liquefied natural gas (LNG) via tanker
from Algeria, Australia, Brunei, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Peru, Qatar,
Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
In addition, small amounts of LNG arrived from Canada in
1973 (667 million cubic feet), 1977 (572 million cubic feet),
1981 (6 million cubic feet), 2013 (555 million cubic feet),
2014 (132 million cubic feet), and 2015 (333 million cubic
feet). Also, small amounts of compressed natural gas (CNG)
were imported from Canada in 2014 and 2015. The United
States exports natural gas via pipeline to Canada and Mexico;
and exports LNG via tanker to Brazil, Chile, China, India,
Japan, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, and
United Kingdom. Also, small amounts of LNG have gone to
Mexico since 1998 and to Canada in 2007 and 2012 forward.
Small amounts of CNG have been exported to Canada since
2013.
Annual and final monthly data are from the annual EIA
Form FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters
of Natural Gas, which requires data to be reported by
month for the calendar year.
Preliminary monthly data are EIA estimates. For a discussion
of estimation procedures, see EIAs Natural Gas Monthly.
Preliminary data are revised after publication of EIAs U.S.
Imports and Exports of Natural Gas.
5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
Figure 5.1
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators
Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, 19492015

4
Thousand Rigs
Crude
Oil
2
Natural
Gas
Total
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, Monthly
1980
1985
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Active Well Service Rig Count, Monthly
2.5
2.5
2.0
Thousand Rigs
1990
2.0
Thousand Rigs
Total
1.5
Crude Oil
1.0
0.5
Natural Gas
1.5
1.0
0.5
2013
0.0
2014
2015
0.0
J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND
2013
2014
20 15
Total Wells Drilled by Type, 19492010

50
Crude Oil
Wells
Thousand Wells
40
Natural Gas
Wells
30
20
10
Dry Wells
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude.

90
2005
2010
Table 5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements
(Number of Rigs)
Rotary Rigs in Operationa
By Site
Onshore
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
By Type
Offshore
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Totalb
Active
Well Service
Rig Countc
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,554
2,678
1,774
902
622
778
1,003
717
924
1,095
1,287
1,559
1,695
1,814
1,046
1,514
1,846
1,871
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
106
231
206
108
101
140
153
113
108
97
94
90
72
65
44
31
32
48
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
532
323
197
217
137
157
165
194
274
297
379
278
591
984
1,357
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
464
385
720
939
691
872
1,025
1,184
1,372
1,466
1,491
801
943
887
558
2,154
2,686
1,748
1,388
1,028
1,660
2,909
1,980
1,010
723
918
1,156
830
1,032
1,192
1,381
1,649
1,768
1,879
1,089
1,546
1,879
1,919
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,486
4,089
4,716
3,658
3,041
2,692
2,267
1,830
1,967
2,064
2,222
2,364
2,388
2,515
1,722
1,854
2,075
2,113
2013 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................
1,704
1,708
1,705
1,707
1,715
1,706
1,708
1,720
1,695
1,683
1,698
1,710
1,705
52
54
51
49
52
55
58
61
65
61
58
61
56
1,318
1,332
1,339
1,374
1,407
1,404
1,396
1,388
1,364
1,364
1,384
1,396
1,373
434
426
413
374
353
352
364
386
389
374
366
373
383
1,756
1,762
1,756
1,755
1,767
1,761
1,766
1,781
1,760
1,744
1,756
1,771
1,761
2,112
2,024
2,033
2,039
2,099
2,049
2,039
2,055
2,052
2,061
2,175
2,024
2,064
2014 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................
1,711
1,714
1,750
1,784
1,801
1,804
1,819
1,842
1,866
1,867
1,872
1,824
1,804
58
55
54
52
58
58
57
62
64
58
53
59
57
1,403
1,424
1,466
1,515
1,530
1,545
1,560
1,578
1,592
1,596
1,573
1,539
1,527
362
341
333
316
325
314
314
324
336
328
351
342
333
1,769
1,769
1,803
1,835
1,859
1,861
1,876
1,904
1,930
1,924
1,925
1,882
1,862
2,066
2,036
2,037
2,028
2,040
2,026
2,044
2,039
2,010
2,024
2,007
1,925
2,024
2015 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................
1,629
1,296
1,066
943
858
833
835
849
816
758
729
686
943
53
52
43
33
32
28
31
34
32
33
31
24
35
1,362
1,050
857
750
662
634
649
673
650
597
566
537
750
320
296
250
222
223
224
216
209
198
193
194
174
226
1,683
1,348
1,109
976
889
861
866
883
848
791
760
711
978
1,826
1,659
1,566
1,512
1,460
1,481
1,485
1,456
1,399
1,345
R 1,303
NA
NA
a Rotary rigs in operation are reported weekly. Monthly data are averages of 4or 5-week reporting periods, not calendar months. Multi-month data are averages
of the reported data over the covered months, not averages of the weekly data.
Annual data are averages over 52 or 53 weeks, not calendar years. Published data
are rounded to the nearest whole number.
b Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not
shown) drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells,
and stratigraphic tests. "Total" values may not equal the sum of "Onshore" and
"Offshore" due to independent rounding.
c The number of rigs doing true workovers (where tubing is pulled from the well),
or doing rod string and pump repair operations, and that are, on average, crewed
and working every day of the month.

Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949 and monthly data
beginning in 1973.
Sources:
Rotary Rigs in Operation:
Baker Hughes, Inc.,
Houston, TX, "North America Rig Count," used with permission.
See
http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=79687&p=irol-reportsother. Active
Well Service Rig Count: Cameron International Corporation, Houston, TX. See
http://www.c-a-m.com/products-and-services/drilling/well-service-equipment-andrig-count/types/guiberson-rig-count.
91
Table 5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells
Wells Drilled
Exploratory
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Development
Total
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Total
Total
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Total
Thousand
Feet
Number
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
Total
Footage
Drilled
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,583
2,236
1,321
946
757
982
1,777
1,680
778
570
288
357
258
350
383
539
646
808
431
874
868
515
477
1,248
2,099
1,200
811
558
657
1,052
844
997
1,671
2,141
2,456
2,794
8,292
11,832
9,515
8,005
6,162
7,129
9,081
8,954
3,652
2,024
1,341
1,733
1,282
1,297
1,350
1,462
1,547
1,582
10,306
14,942
11,704
9,466
7,396
9,359
12,957
11,834
5,241
3,152
2,286
3,142
2,384
2,644
3,404
4,142
4,649
5,184
22,229
28,196
20,937
17,119
12,211
15,966
31,182
33,581
12,061
7,678
7,802
8,531
6,517
7,779
8,406
10,240
12,739
12,563
3,008
3,392
4,281
3,967
3,534
6,879
15,362
13,124
10,435
7,524
16,394
21,020
16,498
19,725
22,515
26,449
30,382
29,925
6,507
8,620
8,697
8,221
4,869
6,517
11,704
12,257
4,593
2,790
2,805
2,865
2,472
2,685
2,732
3,191
3,659
3,399
31,744
40,208
33,915
29,307
20,614
29,362
58,248
58,962
27,089
17,992
27,001
32,416
25,487
30,189
33,653
39,880
46,780
45,887
23,812
30,432
22,258
18,065
12,968
16,948
32,959
35,261
12,839
8,248
8,090
8,888
6,775
8,129
8,789
10,779
13,385
13,371
3,439
4,266
5,149
4,482
4,011
8,127
17,461
14,324
11,246
8,082
17,051
22,072
17,342
20,722
24,186
28,590
32,838
32,719
14,799
20,452
18,212
16,226
11,031
13,646
20,785
21,211
8,245
4,814
4,146
4,598
3,754
3,982
4,082
4,653
5,206
4,981
42,050
55,150
45,619
38,773
28,010
38,721
71,205
70,796
32,330
21,144
29,287
35,558
27,871
32,833
37,057
44,022
51,429
51,071
157,358
226,182
192,176
174,882
138,556
180,494
316,943
314,409
156,044
117,156
144,425
180,141
145,159
177,239
204,279
240,307
282,675
301,515
2008 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
88
82
66
68
88
63
79
67
52
80
97
67
897
208
230
216
189
206
195
163
165
166
243
192
172
2,345
144
107
127
130
124
139
171
144
164
173
160
132
1,715
440
419
409
387
418
397
413
376
382
496
449
371
4,957
1,111
1,080
1,132
1,177
1,317
1,428
1,439
1,448
1,488
1,549
1,361
1,206
15,736
2,321
2,261
2,363
2,415
2,449
2,540
2,695
2,735
2,667
2,841
2,418
2,196
29,901
272
247
271
281
240
299
344
379
355
373
334
313
3,708
3,704
3,588
3,766
3,873
4,006
4,267
4,478
4,562
4,510
4,763
4,113
3,715
49,345
1,199
1,162
1,198
1,245
1,405
1,491
1,518
1,515
1,540
1,629
1,458
1,273
16,633
2,529
2,491
2,579
2,604
2,655
2,735
2,858
2,900
2,833
3,084
2,610
2,368
32,246
416
354
398
411
364
438
515
523
519
546
494
445
5,423
4,144
4,007
4,175
4,260
4,424
4,664
4,891
4,938
4,892
5,259
4,562
4,086
54,302
25,306
24,958
26,226
26,920
27,947
28,739
29,140
28,942
28,960
31,505
29,276
26,222
334,141
2009 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
80
62
59
36
47
44
40
49
61
55
38
34
605
171
125
146
68
90
91
100
84
71
79
83
98
1,206
99
88
88
93
80
75
101
88
96
78
85
84
1,055
350
275
293
197
217
210
241
221
228
212
206
216
2,866
1,192
991
867
755
584
804
789
867
945
966
931
894
10,585
2,253
1,925
1,771
1,396
1,136
1,297
1,188
1,372
1,170
1,167
1,133
1,074
16,882
250
195
210
205
156
189
217
207
207
222
199
213
2,470
3,695
3,111
2,848
2,356
1,876
2,290
2,194
2,446
2,322
2,355
2,263
2,181
29,937
1,272
1,053
926
791
631
848
829
916
1,006
1,021
969
928
11,190
2,424
2,050
1,917
1,464
1,226
1,388
1,288
1,456
1,241
1,246
1,216
1,172
18,088
349
283
298
298
236
264
318
295
303
300
284
297
3,525
4,045
3,386
3,141
2,553
2,093
2,500
2,435
2,667
2,550
2,567
2,469
2,397
32,803
28,077
25,440
25,304
21,406
20,055
16,301
13,543
15,970
15,547
17,261
16,236
16,424
231,562
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
55
44
59
49
48
61
46
56
57
75
62
57
669
91
71
85
78
107
100
103
104
73
87
114
92
1,105
81
67
88
77
86
90
105
94
88
117
103
70
1,066
227
182
232
204
241
251
254
254
218
279
279
219
2,840
898
871
1,062
1,173
1,282
1,385
1,386
1,434
1,374
1,502
1,400
1,317
15,084
1,264
1,096
1,224
1,152
1,208
1,250
1,443
1,402
1,358
1,463
1,352
1,379
15,591
169
144
216
249
255
302
390
314
268
283
263
243
3,096
2,331
2,111
2,502
2,574
2,745
2,937
3,219
3,150
3,000
3,248
3,015
2,939
33,771
953
915
1,121
1,222
1,330
1,446
1,432
1,490
1,431
1,577
1,462
1,374
15,753
1,355
1,167
1,309
1,230
1,315
1,350
1,546
1,506
1,431
1,550
1,466
1,471
16,696
250
211
304
326
341
392
495
408
356
400
366
313
4,162
2,558
2,293
2,734
2,778
2,986
3,188
3,473
3,404
3,218
3,527
3,294
3,158
36,611
15,304
16,862
15,102
17,904
17,987
19,408
20,847
22,923
23,037
22,123
24,561
23,189
239,247
Notes: Data are estimates. For 19601969, data are for well completion
reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year; for
all other years, data are for well completions in a given year. Through 1989,
these well counts include only the original drilling of a hole intended to discover or
further develop already discovered crude oil or natural gas resources. Other drilling
activities, such as drilling an old well deeper, drilling of laterals from the original
well, drilling of service and injection wells, and drilling for resources other than
crude oil or natural gas are excluded. Beginning in 1990, a new well is defined as
the first hole in the ground whether it is lateral or not. Due to the methodology used
to estimate ultimate well counts from the available partially reported data, the
counts shown on this page are frequently revised. See Note, "Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells," at end of section. Geographic

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude (Excel and
beginning in 1973.
Sources:
19491965:
Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil,
"Forecast-Review" issue. 19661969: American Petroleum Institute (API),
Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United States, annual summaries and
monthly reports. 19701989: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
computations based on well reports submitted to the API. 1990 forward: EIA
computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc., Denver, CO.
Data for 2011 forward in this table have been removed while EIA evaluates the
quality of the data and the estimation methodology.
92
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource

Development
Note. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and
Development Wells. Three well types are considered in the
Monthly Energy Review (MER) drilling statistics:
completed for crude oil, completed for natural gas, and
dry hole. Wells that productively encounter both crude
oil and natural gas are categorized as completed for crude
oil. Both development wells and exploratory wells (new
field wildcats, new pool tests, and extension tests) are
included in the statistics. All other classes of wells drilled in
connection with the search for producible hydrocarbons are
excluded. If a lateral is drilled at the same time as the original
hole it is not counted separately, but its footage is included.
Prior to the March 1985 MER, drilling statistics consisted of
completion data for the above types and classes of wells as

reported to the American Petroleum Institute (API) during a
given month. Due to time lags between the date of well
completion and the date of completion reporting to the API,
as-reported well completions proved to be an inaccurate
indicator of drilling activity. During 1982, for example,
as-reported well completions rose, while the number of
actual completions fell. Consequently, the drilling statistics
published since the March 1985 MER are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates produced by
statistically imputing well counts and footage based on the
partial data available from the API. These estimates are
subject to continuous revision as new data, some of which
pertain to earlier months and years, become available.
Additional information about the EIA estimation
methodology may be found in Estimating Well
Completions, a feature article published in the March 1985
MER.
93
6. Coal
Figure 6.1
Coal
(Million Short Tons)
Overview, 19492015
Production
1,200
1,000
Consumption
800
600
400
200
Net Exports
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Consumption by Sector, 19492014

1,200
Electric Power
1,000
800
600
400
Residential, Commercial,a and Transportationb
200
Industriala
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Overview, Monthly
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Electric Power Sector Consumption, Monthly
100
120
Production
100
80
60
80
Consumption
60
40
40
20
Net Exports
2013
2014
2015
0
2013
20 14
2015
a
Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number
of electricity-only-plants.
b
For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are
included in Industrial.
96
20
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal.

Sources: Tables 6.16.2.
Table 6.1 Coal Overview

(Thousand Short Tons)
Productiona
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Waste
Coal
Suppliedb
Imports
Exports
Trade
Net Importsc
Stock
Changed,e
Losses and
Unaccounted
fore,f
Consumption
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
560,388
490,838
434,329
526,954
612,661
654,641
829,700
883,638
1,029,076
1,032,974
1,073,612
1,127,689
1,094,283
1,071,753
1,112,099
1,131,498
1,162,750
1,146,635
1,171,809
1,074,923
1,084,368
1,095,628
1,016,458
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,339
8,561
9,089
10,085
9,052
10,016
11,299
13,352
14,409
14,076
14,146
13,666
13,651
13,209
11,196
365
337
262
184
36
940
1,194
1,952
2,699
9,473
12,513
19,787
16,875
25,044
27,280
30,460
36,246
36,347
34,208
22,639
19,353
13,088
9,159
29,360
54,429
37,981
51,032
71,733
66,309
91,742
92,680
105,804
88,547
58,489
48,666
39,601
43,014
47,998
49,942
49,647
59,163
81,519
59,097
81,716
107,259
125,746
-28,995
-54,092
-37,719
-50,848
-71,697
-65,369
-90,548
-90,727
-103,104
-79,074
-45,976
-28,879
-22,726
-17,970
-20,718
-19,482
-13,401
-22,816
-47,311
-36,458
-62,363
-94,171
-116,586
27,829
-3,974
-3,194
1,897
11,100
32,154
25,595
-27,934
26,542
-275
-48,309
41,630
10,215
-26,659
-11,462
-9,702
42,642
5,812
12,354
39,668
-13,039
211
6,902
9,462
-6,292
1,722
2,244
6,633
-5,522
10,827
2,796
-1,730
632
938
7,120
4,040
-4,403
6,887
9,092
8,824
4,085
5,740
14,985
182
11,506
14,980
494,102
447,012
398,081
471,965
523,231
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
1,048,514
1,002,948
889,185
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
82,713
77,586
84,568
78,909
83,271
81,031
84,518
90,199
82,878
80,603
80,576
77,990
984,842
1,047
950
1,171
716
992
979
1,108
925
749
737
781
1,122
11,279
654
385
390
672
870
1,213
874
710
815
707
850
766
8,906
9,572
8,627
13,637
9,754
10,478
9,194
9,125
10,073
9,391
9,855
8,511
9,443
117,659
-8,917
-8,242
-13,247
-9,082
-9,608
-7,981
-8,251
-9,363
-8,576
-9,148
-7,662
-8,676
-108,753
-5,799
-2,835
-3,371
1,948
4,830
-5,380
-11,970
-6,318
-2,738
1,229
1,783
-9,897
-38,518
55
645
-51
2,635
-61
-759
1,045
923
-112
-861
473
-2,488
1,444
80,587
72,486
75,914
65,960
69,885
80,169
88,299
87,156
77,902
71,824
71,439
82,821
924,442
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
82,992
75,320
86,959
82,981
83,793
79,069
84,448
87,346
83,582
85,462
81,755
86,341
1,000,049
1,116
999
1,089
934
852
1,003
F 865
F 865
F 865
F 865
F 865
F 865
E 11,184
1,065
582
803
930
1,280
1,365
928
1,076
1,148
584
1,005
586
11,350
8,152
8,972
10,460
7,952
8,182
8,540
7,119
7,637
7,966
7,738
7,557
6,981
97,257
-7,087
-8,390
-9,657
-7,022
-6,902
-7,175
-6,192
-6,561
-6,818
-7,154
-6,552
-6,396
-85,907
-14,750
-13,810
-1,582
11,322
7,624
-4,037
-7,652
-5,843
2,809
12,497
6,157
10,318
3,052
2,689
139
2,253
2,326
904
-2,567
121
1,122
585
56
91
-2,474
5,246
89,082
81,600
77,719
63,245
69,214
79,501
86,654
86,372
74,235
66,620
69,820
72,967
917,028
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
86,548
72,210
81,430
74,704
69,942
66,484
74,991
81,013
76,355
75,455
68,431
62,903
890,465
F 902
F 902
F 902
F 902
F 902
F 902
F 902
F 902
F 902
RF 902
1,293
866
850
879
919
842
1,091
970
904
854
R 882
NA
NA
7,871
6,496
7,612
7,216
6,761
5,789
5,117
6,409
5,388
5,744
R 4,709
NA
NA
-6,579
-5,630
-6,762
-6,337
-5,842
-4,947
-4,026
-5,439
-4,485
-4,889
R -3,827
NA
NA
2,917
-4,671
4,848
13,541
5,542
-6,713
-8,705
-3,480
5,228
R 13,620
NA
NA
NA
1,313
67
7,225
2,328
-2,513
-4,868
-1,279
730
-2,505
R -1,392
NA
NA
NA
76,641
72,086
63,498
53,400
61,973
74,020
81,850
79,226
70,049
R 59,239
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal

recaptured from a refuse mine and cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry
dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric
power and industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as
a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in
"Consumption."
c Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are
greater than imports.
d A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase. See Table 6.3 for stocks data coverage.
e In 1949, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."
f The difference between calculated coal supply and disposition, due to coal
quantities lost or to data reporting problems.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: For methodology used to calculate production, consumption, and
stocks, see Note 1, "Coal Production," Note 2, "Coal Consumption," and Note 3,
"Coal Stocks," at end of section. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
the U.S. Energy Information Administrations Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. Totals may not
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal (Excel and
beginning in 1973.
97
Table 6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Commercial
Industrial
Other Industrial
Residential
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
CHPa
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Otherb
Total
Coke
Plants
CHPc
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
Non-CHPd
Total
Total
Transportation
Electric
Power
Sectore,f
Total
63,011
16,972
3,046
655
298
24
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
f 782,567
850,230
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
975,052
932,484
823,551
494,102
447,012
398,081
471,965
523,231
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
1,048,514
1,002,948
889,185
51,562
35,590
24,159
14,635
9,024
2,823
1,355
1,711
1,345
755
454
481
533
551
512
378
290
353
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1,191
1,419
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
1,720
1,668
1,450
63,021
32,852
16,789
11,041
7,090
6,587
5,097
6,068
4,189
3,633
2,126
2,441
2,506
1,869
2,693
2,420
1,050
1,247
1,485
1,412
1,361
1,125
595
63,021
32,852
16,789
11,041
7,090
6,587
5,097
6,068
5,379
5,052
3,673
3,888
3,912
3,685
4,610
4,342
2,936
3,173
3,506
3,210
3,081
2,793
2,045
104,014
107,743
81,385
95,286
96,481
83,598
66,657
41,056
38,877
33,011
28,939
26,075
23,656
24,248
23,670
23,434
22,957
22,715
22,070
15,326
21,092
21,434
20,751
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
27,781
29,363
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
24,638
22,319
20,065
120,623
110,096
96,017
105,560
90,156
63,646
60,347
75,372
48,549
43,693
37,177
39,514
34,515
36,415
35,582
34,465
34,210
34,078
32,491
25,549
24,650
23,919
22,773
120,623
110,096
96,017
105,560
90,156
63,646
60,347
75,372
76,330
73,055
65,208
65,268
60,747
61,261
62,195
60,340
59,472
56,615
54,393
45,314
49,289
46,238
42,838
224,637
217,839
177,402
200,846
186,637
147,244
127,004
116,429
115,207
106,067
94,147
91,344
84,403
85,509
85,865
83,774
82,429
79,331
76,463
60,641
70,381
67,671
63,589
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
149
137
132
100
105
102
100
102
96
91
112
130
1,356
93
85
82
29
31
30
19
19
18
51
63
73
595
242
222
215
129
136
132
119
121
115
142
175
203
1,951
1,825
1,644
1,810
1,817
1,868
1,787
1,756
1,836
1,836
1,807
1,737
1,750
21,474
1,767
1,600
1,748
1,565
1,618
1,563
1,674
1,626
1,530
1,620
1,683
1,765
19,761
1,921
2,099
1,922
1,865
1,819
1,871
1,784
1,835
1,920
2,148
2,081
2,031
23,294
3,688
3,699
3,670
3,430
3,437
3,434
3,457
3,461
3,450
3,768
3,764
3,797
43,055
5,513
5,344
5,481
5,246
5,305
5,221
5,214
5,297
5,286
5,575
5,501
5,547
64,529
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
74,832
66,919
70,219
60,584
64,444
74,817
82,966
81,737
72,501
66,107
65,763
77,071
857,962
80,587
72,486
75,914
65,960
69,885
80,169
88,299
87,156
77,902
71,824
71,439
82,821
924,442
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
132
131
118
82
72
78
85
72
64
58
82
90
1,063
116
114
118
58
47
35
F 50
F 74
F 93
F 133
F 145
F 166
E 1,150
247
245
236
140
118
114
F 135
F 146
F 156
F 191
F 227
F 256
E 2,212
1,605
1,543
1,687
1,648
1,730
1,758
F 1,685
F 1,854
F 1,655
F 2,029
F 1,548
F 1,657
E 20,400
1,791
1,633
1,729
1,472
1,549
1,540
1,589
1,591
1,502
1,482
1,554
1,644
19,076
1,941
2,142
2,068
2,050
1,954
1,966
F 1,958
F 1,917
F 2,005
F 1,969
F 1,996
F 1,771
E 23,738
3,732
3,775
3,796
3,521
3,503
3,506
F 3,548
F 3,509
F 3,507
F 3,452
F 3,550
F 3,415
E 42,815
5,337
5,318
5,484
5,169
5,233
5,264
F 5,232
F 5,363
F 5,162
F 5,481
F 5,098
F 5,072
E 63,214
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
83,498
76,036
72,000
57,936
63,863
74,123
81,287
80,863
68,916
60,947
64,495
67,638
851,602
89,082
81,600
77,719
63,245
69,214
79,501
86,654
86,372
74,235
66,620
69,820
72,967
917,028
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
96
91
88
64
62
64
68
63
58
61
714
F 181
F 174
F 167
F 129
F 123
F 124
F 125
F 151
F 142
F 168
F 277
F 266
F 255
F 193
F 185
F 188
F 193
F 213
F 200
F 229
F 1,497
F 1,414
F 1,518
F 1,289
F 1,477
F 1,584
F 1,640
F 1,796
F 1,625
F 1,975
1,672
1,488
1,583
1,391
1,441
1,433
1,561
1,560
1,477
1,372
14,977
F 1,953
F 1,960
F 1,929
F 2,065
F 1,746
F 1,743
F 1,709
F 1,727
F 1,824
F 1,839
F 3,625
F 3,448
F 3,511
F 3,456
F 3,187
F 3,176
F 3,270
F 3,287
F 3,301
F 3,211
F 5,122
F 4,862
F 5,029
F 4,745
F 4,664
F 4,760
F 4,910
F 5,083
F 4,927
F 5,186
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
71,242
66,959
58,214
48,462
57,124
69,072
76,747
73,930
64,922
53,824
640,496
76,641
72,086
63,498
53,400
61,973
74,020
81,850
79,226
70,049
59,239
691,982

(i)
(i)
(h)
(h)
719,468
715,128
774,241
770,182
891
1,114
F 1,483
F 2,197
F 15,817
E 838
E 1,729
E 17,195
459
1,573
17,987
a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of

commercial electricity-only plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.
See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7.
b All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial
CHP."
e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is
to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
f Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
g Included in "Commercial Other."
98
15,879
16,312
F 18,496
F 33,472
F 49,289
E 19,971
E 35,849
E 53,044
19,182
35,494
53,482
h Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

i Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are no longer collected
by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
E=Estimate. F=Forecast.
Notes: CHP monthly values are from Table 7.4c; electric power sector monthly
values are from Table 7.4b; all other monthly values are estimates derived from
collected quarterly and annual data. See Note 2, "Coal Consumption," at end of
section. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from EIAs Short-Term
Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of
beginning in 1973.
Table 6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Producers
and
Distributors
Residentiala
and
Commercial
Coke Plants
Otherb
Total
Total
Electric
Power
Sectorc,d
Total
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12,108
24,379
33,133
33,418
34,444
31,905
35,900
43,257
38,277
41,151
34,971
36,548
33,977
34,688
47,718
49,820
51,897
46,157
2,462
998
666
353
300
233
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
498
529
552
603
583
16,809
13,422
11,122
10,640
9,045
8,797
9,067
3,420
3,329
2,632
1,494
1,510
1,364
905
1,344
2,615
2,928
1,936
2,331
1,957
1,925
2,610
2,522
26,182
15,880
11,637
13,122
11,781
8,529
11,951
10,438
8,716
5,702
4,587
6,006
5,792
4,718
4,842
5,582
6,506
5,624
6,007
5,109
4,525
4,455
4,475
42,991
29,302
22,759
23,762
20,826
17,326
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,338
7,066
6,451
7,065
6,997
45,453
30,300
23,425
24,115
21,126
17,559
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,836
7,595
7,003
7,668
7,581
31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
174,917
172,387
185,116
77,295
71,691
75,160
78,640
93,034
140,391
228,407
203,367
201,629
169,083
140,282
181,912
192,127
165,468
154,006
144,304
186,946
192,758
205,112
244,780
231,740
231,951
238,853
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
46,914
47,672
48,429
48,998
49,567
50,136
49,138
48,140
47,142
47,068
46,994
45,659
566
548
530
530
529
529
529
530
530
519
507
495
2,417
2,312
2,207
2,305
2,402
2,500
2,516
2,531
2,546
2,431
2,315
2,200
4,299
4,122
3,946
3,950
3,954
3,957
4,074
4,191
4,308
4,238
4,167
4,097
6,716
6,434
6,152
6,254
6,356
6,458
6,590
6,722
6,854
6,668
6,483
6,297
7,281
6,982
6,683
6,784
6,885
6,987
7,119
7,252
7,385
7,187
6,989
6,792
178,859
175,565
171,736
173,014
177,174
171,124
160,019
154,567
152,694
154,194
156,249
147,884
233,054
230,219
226,848
228,796
233,626
228,246
216,276
209,959
207,221
208,449
210,232
200,335
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
F 45,439
F 45,780
F 46,192
F 46,765
F 46,310
F 45,610
F 45,355
F 43,796
F 43,220
F 43,146
F 43,527
F 44,750
465
435
405
413
421
429
F 431
F 433
F 435
F 436
F 439
F 434
2,064
1,927
1,791
1,833
1,875
1,937
F 1,904
F 1,879
F 1,847
F 1,851
F 1,850
F 1,853
3,913
3,729
3,545
3,579
3,613
3,647
F 3,890
F 4,129
F 4,368
F 4,514
F 4,658
F 4,801
5,977
5,657
5,336
5,412
5,488
5,584
F 5,794
F 6,009
F 6,215
F 6,366
F 6,508
F 6,654
6,441
6,091
5,741
5,825
5,908
6,013
F 6,225
F 6,442
F 6,649
F 6,802
F 6,947
F 7,088
133,705
119,904
118,260
128,925
136,921
133,479
125,870
121,369
124,546
136,964
142,595
151,548
185,585
171,775
170,193
181,515
189,139
185,102
177,450
171,607
174,415
186,912
193,069
203,387
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
F 44,719
F 45,427
F 45,476
F 46,135
F 45,711
F 45,157
F 44,743
F 43,125
F 42,078
F 42,118
F 467
F 460
F 453
F 454
F 454
F 454
F 456
F 457
F 459
F 460
F 1,845
F 1,704
F 1,563
F 1,684
F 1,813
F 1,946
F 1,912
F 1,885
F 1,851
F 1,854
F 4,582
F 4,371
F 4,148
F 4,259
F 4,372
F 4,484
F 4,706
F 4,922
F 5,134
F 5,257
F 6,427
F 6,075
F 5,711
F 5,944
F 6,185
F 6,430
F 6,618
F 6,807
F 6,986
F 7,110
F 6,894
F 6,535
F 6,164
F 6,397
F 6,639
F 6,884
F 7,074
F 7,264
F 7,444
F 7,571
154,691
149,671
154,841
167,490
173,214
166,810
158,330
156,277
162,373
175,826
206,304
201,633
206,481
220,022
225,564
218,851
210,146
206,666
211,895
225,514
1950 Year
1955 Year
1960 Year
1965 Year
1970 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year
2012 Year
Industrial
a Through 1979, data are for the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning
in 2008, data are for the commercial sector only.
b Through 1979, data are for manufacturing plants and the transportation sector.
For 19802007, data are for manufacturing plants only. Beginning in 2008, data
are for manufacturing plants and coal transformation/processing plants.
c The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andpower (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
d Excludes waste coal. Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only.
Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Electric power sector monthly values
are from Table 7.5; producers and distributors monthly values are estimates
derived from collected annual data; all other monthly values are estimates derived
from collected quarterly values. Data values preceded by "F" are derived from
the U.S. Energy Information Administrations Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. Totals may not
beginning in 1973.
99
Coal
Note 1. Coal Production. Preliminary monthly estimates
of national coal production are the sum of weekly estimates
developed by the U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) and published in the Weekly Coal Production report.
When a week extends into a new month, production is allocated on a daily basis and added to the appropriate month.
Weekly estimates are based on Association of American
Railroads (AAR) data showing the number of railcars
loaded with coal during the week by Class I and certain
other railroads.
Through 2001, the weekly coal production model converted
AAR data into short tons of coal by using the average
number of short tons of coal per railcar loaded reported in
the Quarterly Freight Commodity Statistics from the
Surface Transportation Board. If an average coal tonnage
per railcar loaded was not available for a specific railroad,
the national average was used. To derive the estimate of
total weekly production, the total rail tonnage for the week
was divided by the ratio of quarterly production shipped by
rail and total quarterly production. Data for the corresponding quarter of previous years were used to derive this ratio.
This method ensured that the seasonal variations were
preserved in the production estimates.
From 2002 through 2014, the weekly coal production model
used statistical auto regressive methods to estimate national
coal production as a function of railcar loadings of coal,
heating degree-days, and cooling degree-days. On Thursday
of each week, EIA received from the AAR data for the
previous week. The latest weekly national data for heating
degree-days and cooling degree-days were obtained from
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations
Climate Prediction Center.
Beginning in 2015, the revised weekly coal production
model uses statistical auto regressive methods to estimate
national coal production as a function of railcar loadings of
coal. EIA receives AAR data on Thursday of each week for
prior week car loadings. The weekly coal model is run and
a national level coal production estimate is obtained. From
there, state-level estimates are calculated using historical
state production share. The state estimates are then aggregated to various regional-level estimates. The weekly coal
model is refit every quarter after preliminary coal data are
available.
When preliminary quarterly data become available, the
monthly and weekly estimates are adjusted to conform to the
quarterly figures. The adjustment procedure uses historical
state-level production data, the methodology for which can
be
seen
in
the
documentation
located
at
http://www.eia.gov/coal/production/weekly/.
Initial estimates of annual production published in January of the
following year are based on preliminary production data
covering the first nine months (three quarters) and
weekly/monthly estimates for the fourth quarter. All
100
quarterly, monthly, and weekly production figures are

adjusted to conform to the final annual production data
published in the Monthly Energy Review in the fall of the
following year.
Note 2. Coal Consumption. Forecast data (designated by
an F) are derived from forecasted values shown in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA-0202) table titled
U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories. The
monthly estimates are based on the quarterly values, which
are released in March, June, September, and December. The
estimates are revised quarterly as collected data become available from the data sources. Sector-specific information
follows.
Residential and CommercialThrough 2007, coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to
EIA for the two sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount
consumed by the sectors individually. To create the
estimates, it is first assumed that an occupied coal-heated
housing unit consumes fuel at the same Btu rate as an oilheated housing unit. Then, for the years in which data are
available on the number of occupied housing units by heating source (19731981 and subsequent odd-numbered
years), residential consumption of coal is estimated using
the following steps: a ratio is created of the number of
occupied housing units heated by coal to the number of
occupied housing units heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed by the residential
sector to derive an estimate of the Btu quantity of coal
consumed by the residential sector; and, finally, the amount
estimated as the residential sector consumption is subtracted
from the residential and commercial sectors combined
consumption to derive the commercial sectors estimated
consumption. Beginning in 2008, residential coal consumption data are not collected by EIA, and commercial coal
consumption data are taken directly from reported data.
Industrial Coke PlantsThrough 1979, monthly coke plant
consumption data were taken directly from reported data.
For 19801987, coke plant consumption estimates were
derived by proportioning reported quarterly data by using
the ratios of monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979,
the last year in which monthly data were reported. Beginning in 1988, monthly coke plant consumption estimates are
derived from the reported quarterly data by using monthly
ratios of raw steel production data from the American Iron
and Steel Institute. The ratios are the monthly raw steel
production from open hearth and basic oxygen process
furnaces as a proportion of the quarterly production from
those kinds of furnaces.
Industrial OtherThrough 1977, monthly consumption data
for the other industrial sector (all industrial users minus
coke plants) were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline consumption figures from the most recent U.S.
Census Bureau Annual Survey of Manufactures or Census
of Manufactures. For 1978 and 1979, monthly estimates
were derived from data reported on Forms EIA-3 and
EIA-6. For 19801987, monthly figures were estimated

by proportioning quarterly data by using the ratios of
monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979, the last
year in which monthly data were reported on Form
EIA-3. Beginning in 1988, monthly consumption for the
other industrial sector is estimated from reported quarterly data by using ratios derived from industrial production indices published by the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System. Indices for six major industry
groups are used as the basis for calculating the ratios:
food manufacturing, which is North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) code 311; paper manufacturing, NAICS 322; chemical manufacturing, NAICS
325; petroleum and coal products, NAICS 324; nonmetallic mineral products manufacturing, NAICS 327;
and primary metal manufacturing, NAICS 331. The
monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum of the
weighted indices as a proportion of the quarterly sum of
the weighted indices by using the 1977 proportion as the
weights. Through 2007, quarterly consumption data for
the other industrial sector were derived by adding beginning stocks at manufacturing plants to current receipts
and subtracting ending stocks at manufacturing plants.
In this calculation, current receipts are the greater of
either reported receipts from manufacturing plants (Form
EIA-3) or reported shipments to the other industrial
sector (Form EIA-6), thereby ensuring that agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction consumption data
were included where appropriate. Beginning in 2008,
quarterly consumption totals for other industrial coal
include data for manufacturing and mining only. Over
time, surveyed coal consumption data for agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction dwindled to about
2030 thousand short tons annually. Therefore, in 2008,
EIA consolidated its programs by eliminating
agriculture, forestry, fishing, and construction as
surveyed sectors.
Electric Power SectorMonthly consumption data for
electric power plants are taken directly from reported
data.
Note 3. Coal Stocks. Coal stocks data are reported by
major end-use sector. Forecast data (designated by an
F) are derived from forecasted values shown in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA-0202) table titled
U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories. The
monthly estimates are based on the quarterly values
(released in March, June, September, and December) or
annual values. The estimates are revised as collected
data become available from the data sources. Sectorspecific information follows.
Producers and DistributorsThrough 1997, quarterly
stocks at producers and distributors were taken directly
from reported data. Monthly data were estimated by
using one-third of the current quarterly change to indicate
the monthly change in stocks. Beginning in 1998,
end-of-year stocks are taken from reported data.

Monthly stocks are estimated by a model.
Residential and CommercialThrough 1979, stock estimates for the residential and commercial sector were
taken directly from reported data. For 19802007, stock
estimates were not collected. Beginning in 2008, quarterly
commercial (excluding residential) stocks data are collected
on Form EIA-3 (data for Commercial and Institutional
Coal Users).
Industrial Coke PlantsThrough 1979, monthly stocks at
coke plants were taken directly from reported data. Beginning in 1980, coke plant stocks are estimated by using onethird of the current quarterly change to indicate the monthly
change in stocks. Quarterly stocks are taken directly from
data reported on Form EIA-5.
Industrial OtherThrough 1977, stocks for the other
industrial sector were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline figures from a one-time Bureau of Mines survey of
consumers. For 19781982, monthly estimates were derived
by judgmentally proportioning reported quarterly data based on
representative seasonal patterns of supply and demand. Beginning in 1983, other industrial coal stocks are estimated as indicated above for coke plants. Quarterly stocks are taken directly
from data reported on Form EIA-3 and therefore include only
manufacturing industries; data for agriculture, forestry, fishing,
mining, and construction stocks are not available.
Electric Power SectorMonthly stocks data at electric
power plants are taken directly from reported data.
Note 4. Coal Forecast Values. Data values preceded by F
in this section are forecast values. They are derived from EIAs
Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS). The
model is driven primarily by data and assumptions about key
macroeconomic variables, the world oil price, and weather.
The coal forecast relies on other variables as well, such as alternative fuel prices (natural gas and oil) and power generation by
sources other than fossil fuels, including nuclear and hydroelectric power. Each month, EIA staff review the model output and
make adjustments, if appropriate, based on their knowledge of
developments in the coal industry.
The STIFS model results are published monthly in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web
at http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/.
Table 6.1 Sources

Production
1949September 1977: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry
Surveys.
October 1977 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Weekly Coal Production.
101
Waste Coal Supplied

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users; and,
for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting
System.
Commercial Total
Beginning in 2008, coal consumption by the commercial
(excluding residential) sector is reported to EIA. Data for total
commercial consumption are from:
Imports and Exports

1949 forward: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census
Bureau, Monthly Reports IM 145 (Imports) and EM 545
(Exports).
Industrial Coke Plants

1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook
and Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and
Coal ChemicalsMonthly/Annual Supplement.
19811984: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward:
EIA, Form EIA5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants; and, for
forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Stock Change
1950 forward: Calculated from data in Table 6.3.
Losses and Unaccounted for
1949 forward: Calculated as the sum of production, imports,
and waste coal supplied, minus exports, stock change, and
consumption.
Consumption
Table 6.2 Sources

Residential and Commercial Total
Through 2007, coal consumption by the residential and
commercial sectors combined is reported to the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA). EIA estimates
the sectors individually using the method described in
Note 2, Consumption, at the end of Section 6. Data for
the residential and commercial sectors combined are from:
19491976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of
Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400, Monthly
Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks. October
19771979: EIA, Form EIA-2, Monthly Coal Report, Retail
DealersUpper Lake Docks.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report,
quarterly.
19982007: DOI, Mine Safety and Health Administration,
Form 7000-2, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportCoke Plants.
102
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption

and
Quality
ReportManufacturing
and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and
Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term
Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS).
Commercial CHP
Commercial Other
1949 forward: Calculated as Commercial Total minus
Commercial CHP.
Other Industrial Total

1949September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and
Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771979: EIA, Form EIA-3, Monthly Coal
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, and Form EIA-6,
Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, Form EIA-6A, Coal
Distribution Report, annual, and Form EIA-7A, Coal
Production Report, annual.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing and
Institutional Coal Users, and Form EIA-7A, Coal Production Report, annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Other Industrial CHP
Other Industrial Non-CHP
1949 forward: Calculated as Other Industrial Total minus
Other Industrial CHP.
Transportation
19491976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,

Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
Electric Power
Table 6.3 Sources

Producers and Distributors
19731979: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau
of Mines (BOM), Form 6-1419Q, Distribution of Bituminous Coal and Lignite Shipments.
19801997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-6A, Coal Distribution Report,
annual.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-7A, Coal Production
Report, annual, and Form EIA-8A, Coal Stocks Report,
annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated
Forecasting System (STIFS).
Residential and Commercial
19491976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977:
DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and

Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Coke Plants
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and Coal
ChemicalsMonthly/Annual.
19811984:
EIA, Form EIA 5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward: EIA, Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants and, for
forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Other
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users; and, for forecast values,
EIA, STIFS.
Electric Power
103
7. Electricity
Figure 7.1
Electricity Overview
(Billion Kilowatthours)
Overview, 2014
5,000
3,937
4,000
3,765
3,000
2,000
1,000
13
144
62
14
Commercial
Industrial
Imports
Exports
0
Electric
Power
Net Generationa
138
Retail
Salesb
Trade
Net Generationa by Sector, 19892014
Direct
Usec
End Use
Net Generationa by Sector, Monthly

500
5,000
4,000
Electric Power
3,000
Totald
400
Totald
300
Electric Power
2,000
200
1,000
100
Industrial
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
2010
2013
2014
2015
Trade, 19492014
80
70
Imports
60
50
40
30
Exports
20
10
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Data are for utility-scale facilities.

Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy service providers.
c
See Direct Use in Glossary.
b
106
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Includes commercial sector.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.
Source: Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Electricity Overview

Net Generationa
Electric
Power
Sectorb
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Commercial
Sectorc
Trade
Industrial
Sectord
Total
Importse
Exportse
Net
Importse
T&D Lossesf
and
Unaccounted
forg
End Use
Retail
Salesh
Direct
Usei
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
329
547
756
1,055
1,532
1,918
2,286
2,470
2,901
3,194
3,638
3,580
3,698
3,721
3,808
3,902
3,908
4,005
3,974
3,810
3,972
3,948
3,890
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
8
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
10
11
5
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
c 131
151
157
149
153
155
154
145
148
143
137
132
144
142
146
334
550
759
1,058
1,535
1,921
2,290
2,473
3,038
3,353
3,802
3,737
3,858
3,883
3,971
4,055
4,065
4,157
4,119
3,950
4,125
4,100
4,048
2
5
5
4
6
11
25
46
18
43
49
39
37
30
34
44
43
51
57
52
45
52
59
(s)
(s)
1
4
4
5
4
5
16
4
15
16
16
24
23
19
24
20
24
18
19
15
12
2
4
5
(s)
2
6
21
41
2
39
34
22
21
6
11
25
18
31
33
34
26
37
47
44
58
76
104
145
180
216
190
203
229
244
202
248
228
266
269
266
298
286
261
264
255
263
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,713
3,013
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
3,734
3,597
3,755
3,750
3,695
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
125
151
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
126
132
127
132
133
138
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,837
3,164
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
3,890
3,866
3,724
3,887
3,883
3,832
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
335
297
312
287
309
343
380
371
328
302
301
339
3,904
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
13
12
13
12
12
13
14
13
12
12
12
13
150
349
310
325
299
322
357
395
385
341
315
315
353
4,066
6
5
6
5
6
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
70
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
5
5
5
4
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
59
21
12
21
14
26
30
29
25
11
14
26
29
257
321
291
297
278
289
320
359
354
323
294
281
316
3,725
E 12
E 11
E 12
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 13
E 13
E 12
E 12
E 12
E 13
333
303
309
289
301
332
372
366
335
306
293
329
3,868
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
364
312
319
285
312
345
372
370
327
302
305
324
3,937
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
12
11
12
11
12
12
13
13
12
12
12
13
144
377
324
332
298
325
358
386
384
340
315
317
338
4,094
5
4
5
4
5
5
6
6
6
5
6
5
62
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
4
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
4
5
4
48
28
R7
21
14
26
28
27
25
6
11
26
R 20
239
341
309
302
276
291
323
R 352
352
327
297
285
R 310
3,765
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 12
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
348
323
312
282
310
350
387
379
338
300
3,330
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
13
11
11
11
11
12
13
13
12
11
119
362
336
325
294
323
363
401
393
351
313
3,459
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
64
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
5
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
56
29
25
17
17
33
34
35
28
15
13
246
326
304
302
272
285
323
360
359
330
293
3,154
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 10
E 11
E 12
E 13
E 12
E 12
E 11
E 115
338
315
313
283
296
335
372
371
341
305
3,269

3,308
3,264
11
10
120
124
3,438
3,398
51
59
12
9
39
49
193
202
3,170
3,127
E 115
E 119
3,285
3,246
a Electricity net generation at utility-scale facilities. Does not include estimated

distributed solar photovoltaic generation, which was 10 billion kilowatthours in 2014.
See Note 1, Coverage of Electricity Statistics, at end of section.
b Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS
c Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants.
d Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants. Through 1988, data are for industrial hydroelectric power only.
e Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus
exports.
f Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the
point of generation and delivery to the customer). See Note 2, "Electrical System
Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.
g Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
143
E 138
353
R 320
314
287
R 303
334
364
364
R 339
308
297
R 322
3,903
h Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning

in 1996, other energy service providers.
i Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
R=Revised.
E=Estimate.
NA=Not available.
(s)=Less than 0.5 billion
kilowatthours.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity (Excel
beginning in 1973.
107
Figure 7.2

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 19492014

2,500
Coal
2,000
1,500
Renewable Energya
1,000
Natural Gas
500
Petroleum
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, Monthly
Electric Power Sector, Major Sources, 2014
200
2,000
Nuclear Electric
Power
Natural
Gas
Coal
150
2010
1,569
1,500
1,033
100
1,000
797
50
505
500
Renewable Energya
Petroleum
Commercial Sector, Major Sources, 2014
28
2013
2014
2015
Coal
Natural
Gas
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energya
Petroleum
Industrial Sector, Major Sources, 2014
100
7.2
86.2
80
60
4
40
2.7
27.2
2
20
0.6
8.7
0.3
1.9
0
Natural
Gas
Waste
Coal
Petroleum
a
Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar/PV,
and wind.
b
Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived
from fossil fuels.
108
12.3
Natural
Gas
Wood
Coal
1.3
Other Petroleum HydroGases b

electric
Power c
Conventional hydroelectric power.

Note: Data are for utility-scale facilities.
Table 7.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)

(Sum of Tables 7.2b and 7.2c; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Coala
Petroleumb
Natural
Gasc
Renewable Energy
Other
Gasesd
Nuclear
Electric
Power
ConvenHydrotional
electric
HydroPumped electric
Storagee Powerf
Biomass
Woodg
Wasteh
Geothermal
Solar/
PVi
Wind
Totalj
1950 Total ..............

1955 Total ..............
1960 Total ..............
1965 Total ..............
1970 Total ..............
1975 Total ..............
1980 Total ..............
1985 Total ..............
1990 Totalk ............
1995 Total ..............
2000 Total ..............
2001 Total ..............
2002 Total ..............
2003 Total ..............
2004 Total ..............
2005 Total ..............
2006 Total ..............
2007 Total ..............
2008 Total ..............
2009 Total ..............
2010 Total ..............
2011 Total ..............
2012 Total ..............
154,520
301,363
403,067
570,926
704,394
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,594,011
1,709,426
1,966,265
1,903,956
1,933,130
1,973,737
1,978,301
2,012,873
1,990,511
2,016,456
1,985,801
1,755,904
1,847,290
1,733,430
1,514,043
33,734
37,138
47,987
64,801
184,183
289,095
245,994
100,202
126,460
74,554
111,221
124,880
94,567
119,406
121,145
122,225
64,166
65,739
46,243
38,937
37,061
30,182
23,190
44,559
95,285
157,970
221,559
372,890
299,778
346,240
291,946
372,765
496,058
601,038
639,129
691,006
649,908
710,100
760,960
816,441
896,590
882,981
920,979
987,697
1,013,689
1,225,894
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,383
13,870
13,955
9,039
11,463
15,600
15,252
13,464
14,177
13,453
11,707
10,632
11,313
11,566
11,898
0
0
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204
769,331
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
-5,501
-6,421
-4,950
100,885
116,236
149,440
196,984
250,957
303,153
279,182
284,311
292,866
310,833
275,573
216,961
264,329
275,806
268,417
270,321
289,246
247,510
254,831
273,445
260,203
319,355
276,240
390
276
140
269
136
18
275
743
32,522
36,521
37,595
35,200
38,665
37,529
38,117
38,856
38,762
39,014
37,300
36,050
37,172
37,449
37,799
NA
NA
NA
NA
220
174
158
640
13,260
20,405
23,131
14,548
15,044
15,812
15,421
15,420
16,099
16,525
17,734
18,443
18,917
19,222
19,823
NA
NA
33
189
525
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
15,219
15,316
15,562
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
1,212
1,818
4,327
6
2,789
3,164
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
94,652
120,177
140,822
334,088
550,299
759,156
1,058,386
1,535,111
1,920,755
2,289,600
2,473,002
3,037,827
3,353,487
3,802,105
3,736,644
3,858,452
3,883,185
3,970,555
4,055,423
4,064,702
4,156,745
4,119,388
3,950,331
4,125,060
4,100,141
4,047,765
2013 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
October ..........
November ......
December ......
Total ..............
138,105
123,547
130,634
111,835
119,513
138,283
152,867
149,426
133,110
120,996
120,940
141,860
1,581,115
2,775
1,997
1,997
1,885
2,412
2,342
2,812
2,448
2,186
2,018
1,840
2,451
27,164
88,559
80,283
84,725
78,036
83,816
99,615
120,771
121,156
102,063
88,587
84,287
92,936
1,124,836
1,144
968
1,070
1,020
1,088
1,048
1,148
1,143
1,087
1,072
1,060
1,006
12,853
71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,016
-465
-320
-462
-292
-334
-358
-340
-465
-439
-373
-413
-421
-4,681
24,829
20,418
20,534
25,097
28,450
27,384
27,255
21,633
16,961
17,199
17,677
21,128
268,565
3,400
3,083
3,300
2,863
3,174
3,330
3,536
3,634
3,353
3,341
3,407
3,606
40,028
1,688
1,503
1,757
1,681
1,781
1,727
1,797
1,847
1,716
1,731
1,765
1,837
20,830
1,382
1,236
1,378
1,274
1,308
1,278
1,337
1,322
1,299
1,363
1,230
1,366
15,775
310
433
619
667
753
871
829
944
949
988
824
850
9,036
14,739
14,076
15,756
17,476
16,239
13,748
11,094
9,634
11,674
13,635
15,803
13,967
167,840
348,967
309,728
325,399
299,333
322,156
356,823
394,846
385,286
340,941
314,925
314,540
353,021
4,065,964
2014 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
October ..........
November ......
December ......
Total ..............
157,097
143,294
136,443
109,281
118,786
137,577
149,627
148,452
126,110
111,296
119,127
124,620
1,581,710
7,072
2,763
3,188
1,753
2,044
2,021
2,042
2,050
1,948
1,518
1,738
2,095
30,232
91,061
75,942
78,151
76,782
89,120
98,468
115,081
122,348
106,582
97,683
84,354
91,038
1,126,609
933
817
866
854
944
969
1,069
1,135
1,126
1,082
1,073
1,153
12,022
73,163
62,639
62,397
56,385
62,947
68,138
71,940
71,129
67,535
62,391
65,140
73,363
797,166
-290
-445
-421
-378
-601
-653
-545
-840
-542
-448
-531
-480
-6,174
21,634
17,396
24,257
25,440
26,544
25,744
24,357
19,807
16,074
17,159
18,625
22,329
259,367
3,626
3,265
3,609
3,230
3,290
3,622
3,807
3,761
3,462
3,422
3,508
3,737
42,340
1,850
1,686
1,851
1,810
1,849
1,826
1,942
1,880
1,772
1,726
1,691
1,767
21,650
1,355
1,206
1,338
1,314
1,332
1,293
1,320
1,329
1,308
1,345
1,362
1,375
15,877
751
835
1,317
1,487
1,750
1,923
1,788
1,879
1,832
1,717
1,380
1,032
17,691
17,911
14,009
17,736
18,636
15,601
15,799
12,187
10,171
11,520
14,508
18,867
14,711
181,655
377,255
324,348
331,823
297,631
324,724
357,844
385,780
384,341
339,887
314,522
317,495
337,957
4,093,606
2015 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
October ..........
10-Mo. Total ..
132,509
127,150
108,544
88,646
104,774
126,139
139,601
135,287
118,489
97,409
1,178,547
2,970
6,325
1,807
1,718
1,942
1,847
2,347
2,181
2,060
1,783
24,980
101,817
91,375
99,139
92,980
101,922
121,397
140,900
138,653
123,248
109,921
1,121,352
1,268
1,063
1,044
922
998
1,096
1,288
1,216
1,217
842
10,952
74,270
63,462
64,547
59,757
65,833
68,546
71,412
72,415
66,466
60,571
667,280
-528
-441
-399
-208
-363
-381
-507
-623
-526
-443
-4,417
24,598
22,746
24,869
22,559
20,187
20,068
21,066
19,440
16,206
16,700
208,438
3,800
3,421
3,454
3,244
3,360
3,546
3,922
3,842
3,473
3,287
35,349
1,902
1,603
1,734
1,740
1,809
1,808
1,938
1,905
1,731
1,816
17,986
1,480
1,350
1,461
1,343
1,461
1,385
1,441
1,429
1,293
1,376
14,020
1,217
1,632
2,239
2,564
2,598
2,713
2,750
2,829
2,350
2,021
22,913
15,263
14,957
15,332
17,829
17,167
13,432
13,647
13,032
13,859
16,391
150,908
361,633
335,562
324,760
294,158
322,814
362,735
401,022
392,840
350,986
312,797
3,459,309
2014 10-Mo. Total ..

2013 10-Mo. Total ..
1,337,963
1,318,315
26,399
22,873
951,218
947,612
9,795
10,787
658,663
652,747
-5,163
-3,847
218,413
229,760
35,095
33,014
18,192
17,228
13,139
13,179
15,280
7,361
148,077
138,069
3,438,154
3,398,403
a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
petroleum, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011, propane.
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas.
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional
Hydroelectric Power."
g Wood and wood-derived fuels.
h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
i Electricity net generation from solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy at
utility-scale facilities. Does not include estimated distributed solar photovoltaic
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
generation, which was 9,536 million kilowatthours in 2014.

j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,
miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only;
hydroelectric data through 1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities.
Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers,
commercial plants, and industrial plants.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are for utility-scale facilities. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: See sources for Tables 7.2b and 7.2c.
109
Table 7.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Coala
Petroleumb
Natural
Gasc
Renewable Energy
Other
Gasesd
Nuclear
Electric
Power
ConvenHydrotional
electric
HydroPumped electric
Storagee Powerf
Biomass
Woodg
Wasteh
Geothermal
Solar/
PVi
Wind
Totalj
1950 Total ..............

1955 Total ..............
1960 Total ..............
1965 Total ..............
1970 Total ..............
1975 Total ..............
1980 Total ..............
1985 Total ..............
1990 Totalk ............
1995 Total ..............
2000 Total ..............
2001 Total ..............
2002 Total ..............
2003 Total ..............
2004 Total ..............
2005 Total ..............
2006 Total ..............
2007 Total ..............
2008 Total ..............
2009 Total ..............
2010 Total ..............
2011 Total ..............
2012 Total ..............
154,520
301,363
403,067
570,926
704,394
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,572,109
1,686,056
1,943,111
1,882,826
1,910,613
1,952,714
1,957,188
1,992,054
1,969,737
1,998,390
1,968,838
1,741,123
1,827,738
1,717,891
1,500,557
33,734
37,138
47,987
64,801
184,183
289,095
245,994
100,202
118,864
68,146
105,192
119,149
89,733
113,697
114,678
116,482
59,708
61,306
42,881
35,811
34,679
28,202
20,072
44,559
95,285
157,970
221,559
372,890
299,778
346,240
291,946
309,486
419,179
517,978
554,940
607,683
567,303
627,172
683,829
734,417
814,752
802,372
841,006
901,389
926,290
1,132,791
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
621
1,927
2,028
586
1,970
2,647
3,568
3,777
4,254
4,042
3,200
3,058
2,967
2,939
2,984
0
0
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204
769,331
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
-5,501
-6,421
-4,950
95,938
112,975
145,833
193,851
247,714
300,047
276,021
281,149
289,753
305,410
271,338
213,749
260,491
271,512
265,064
267,040
286,254
245,843
253,096
271,506
258,455
317,531
273,859
390
276
140
269
136
18
275
743
7,032
7,597
8,916
8,294
9,009
9,528
9,736
10,570
10,341
10,711
10,638
10,738
11,446
10,733
11,050
NA
NA
NA
NA
220
174
158
640
11,500
17,986
20,307
12,944
13,145
13,808
13,062
13,031
13,927
14,294
15,379
15,954
16,376
15,989
16,555
NA
NA
33
189
525
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
15,219
15,316
15,562
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
1,206
1,727
4,164
6
2,789
3,164
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
94,636
120,121
140,749
329,141
547,038
755,549
1,055,252
1,531,868
1,917,649
2,286,439
2,469,841
2,901,322
3,194,230
3,637,529
3,580,053
3,698,458
3,721,159
3,808,360
3,902,192
3,908,077
4,005,343
3,974,349
3,809,837
3,972,386
3,948,186
3,890,358
2013 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
October ..........
November ......
December ......
Total ..............
136,952
122,484
129,469
110,786
118,380
137,160
151,653
148,288
132,047
119,943
119,858
140,703
1,567,722
2,501
1,818
1,779
1,669
2,149
2,098
2,553
2,197
1,972
1,809
1,696
2,270
24,510
80,389
72,970
76,765
70,626
76,244
91,672
111,959
112,603
94,193
80,872
76,367
84,289
1,028,949
385
325
318
322
367
349
381
376
373
405
367
356
4,322
71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,016
-465
-320
-462
-292
-334
-358
-340
-465
-439
-373
-413
-421
-4,681
24,501
20,051
20,228
24,842
28,118
27,051
26,929
21,389
16,719
16,958
17,469
20,803
265,058
1,012
891
987
776
918
993
1,093
1,202
1,089
1,040
1,108
1,193
12,302
1,380
1,231
1,446
1,357
1,452
1,404
1,450
1,494
1,391
1,393
1,433
1,486
16,918
1,382
1,236
1,378
1,274
1,308
1,278
1,337
1,322
1,299
1,363
1,230
1,366
15,775
300
417
596
640
724
839
799
914
917
954
799
826
8,724
14,729
14,068
15,748
17,468
16,230
13,742
11,088
9,629
11,668
13,627
15,790
13,955
167,742
335,062
297,198
311,828
286,807
309,028
343,286
380,108
370,943
327,638
301,782
301,287
338,748
3,903,715
2014 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
October ..........
November ......
December ......
Total ..............
155,916
142,218
135,290
108,279
117,738
136,470
148,472
147,329
125,062
110,322
118,118
123,561
1,568,774
6,784
2,578
2,999
1,583
1,870
1,845
1,867
1,873
1,777
1,368
1,577
1,921
28,043
82,969
68,730
70,517
69,583
81,645
90,902
106,696
113,910
98,690
90,053
76,711
82,766
1,033,172
266
211
215
231
283
257
283
315
298
334
302
363
3,358
73,163
62,639
62,397
56,385
62,947
68,138
71,940
71,129
67,535
62,391
65,140
73,363
797,166
-290
-445
-421
-378
-601
-653
-545
-840
-542
-448
-531
-480
-6,174
21,510
17,289
24,139
25,310
26,410
25,640
24,265
19,708
15,986
17,063
18,524
22,202
258,046
1,273
1,150
1,291
1,040
1,007
1,317
1,374
1,372
1,288
1,238
1,331
1,347
15,027
1,490
1,385
1,514
1,466
1,520
1,491
1,574
1,526
1,439
1,393
1,373
1,432
17,602
1,355
1,206
1,338
1,314
1,332
1,293
1,320
1,329
1,308
1,345
1,362
1,375
15,877
734
814
1,286
1,453
1,710
1,883
1,748
1,839
1,795
1,680
1,351
1,011
17,304
17,895
13,997
17,722
18,621
15,591
15,786
12,176
10,162
11,510
14,492
18,848
14,696
181,496
363,645
312,276
318,914
285,453
312,072
344,988
371,817
370,304
326,756
301,847
304,738
324,193
3,937,003
2015 January ..........

February ........
March .............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................
August ...........
September .....
October ..........
10-Mo. Total ..
131,465
126,137
107,486
87,815
103,827
125,079
138,475
134,144
117,442
96,419
1,168,290
2,786
6,059
1,651
1,574
1,800
1,723
2,194
2,030
1,915
1,655
23,386
93,496
84,236
91,835
86,076
94,400
113,532
132,513
130,251
115,296
102,342
1,043,977
402
336
320
261
311
302
332
351
347
207
3,169
74,270
63,462
64,547
59,757
65,833
68,546
71,412
72,415
66,466
60,571
667,280
-528
-441
-399
-208
-363
-381
-507
-623
-526
-443
-4,417
24,464
22,630
24,724
22,419
20,070
19,964
20,949
19,357
16,143
16,600
207,321
1,348
1,263
1,238
1,045
1,177
1,292
1,472
1,484
1,228
1,078
12,624
1,554
1,300
1,388
1,427
1,487
1,487
1,593
1,581
1,406
1,474
14,696
1,480
1,350
1,461
1,343
1,461
1,385
1,441
1,429
1,293
1,376
14,020
1,193
1,599
2,190
2,508
2,541
2,651
2,690
2,767
2,298
1,977
22,413
15,248
14,943
15,317
17,813
17,151
13,419
13,634
13,020
13,847
16,376
150,766
347,790
323,396
312,299
282,406
310,304
349,612
386,857
378,871
337,750
300,243
3,329,527
2014 10-Mo. Total ..

2013 10-Mo. Total ..
1,327,096
1,307,162
24,545
20,544
873,696
868,293
2,693
3,600
658,663
652,747
-5,163
-3,847
217,321
226,787
12,349
10,001
14,797
13,999
13,139
13,179
14,943
7,100
147,952
137,997
3,308,073
3,263,680
synfuel.
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional
Hydroelectric Power."
g Wood and wood-derived fuels.
i Electricity net generation from solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy at
utility-scale facilities. Does not include estimated distributed solar photovoltaic
110
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
generation.
j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,
miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilites and independent power producers.
NA=Not available.
Statistics," at end of section. The electric power sector comprises electricity-only
and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Totals
beginning in 1973.
Table 7.2c Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
Coalc
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Totalg
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Other
Gasesh
Hydroelectric
Poweri
Biomass
Woodj
Wastef
Totalk
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
796
998
1,097
995
992
1,206
1,340
1,353
1,310
1,371
1,261
1,096
1,111
1,049
883
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
589
379
432
438
431
423
499
375
235
189
142
163
124
89
196
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,272
5,162
4,262
4,434
4,310
3,899
3,969
4,249
4,355
4,257
4,188
4,225
4,725
5,487
6,603
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
812
1,519
1,985
1,007
1,053
1,289
1,562
1,657
1,599
1,599
1,534
1,748
1,672
2,315
2,319
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,837
8,232
7,903
7,416
7,415
7,496
8,270
8,492
8,371
8,273
7,926
8,165
8,592
10,080
11,301
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
21,107
22,372
22,056
20,135
21,525
19,817
19,773
19,466
19,464
16,694
15,703
13,686
18,441
14,490
12,603
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7,008
6,030
5,597
5,293
4,403
5,285
5,967
5,368
4,223
4,243
3,219
2,963
2,258
1,891
2,922
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
60,007
71,717
78,798
79,755
79,013
78,705
78,959
72,882
77,669
77,580
76,421
75,748
81,583
81,911
86,500
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9,641
11,943
11,927
8,454
9,493
12,953
11,684
9,687
9,923
9,411
8,507
7,574
8,343
8,624
8,913
4,946
3,261
3,607
3,134
3,244
3,106
3,161
3,161
2,975
5,304
4,135
3,145
3,825
4,222
3,248
3,195
2,899
1,590
1,676
1,868
1,668
1,799
2,353
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25,379
28,868
28,652
26,888
29,643
27,988
28,367
28,271
28,400
28,287
26,641
25,292
25,706
26,691
26,725
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
949
900
839
596
846
715
797
733
572
631
821
740
869
917
948
4,946
3,261
3,607
3,134
3,244
3,106
3,161
3,161
130,830
151,025
156,673
149,175
152,580
154,530
153,925
144,739
148,254
143,128
137,113
132,329
144,082
141,875
146,107
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
89
81
78
63
69
75
76
71
60
49
60
68
839
20
15
7
7
8
7
13
7
6
7
9
16
124
562
512
574
541
546
593
779
697
652
550
525
623
7,154
204
179
212
204
222
217
229
233
216
217
211
223
2,567
981
888
995
946
981
1,026
1,236
1,147
1,073
961
936
1,064
12,234
1,064
983
1,086
986
1,063
1,048
1,138
1,066
1,004
1,005
1,022
1,089
12,554
253
164
210
210
255
237
247
245
208
202
135
165
2,531
7,608
6,801
7,387
6,869
7,025
7,351
8,033
7,856
7,218
7,165
7,395
8,025
88,733
759
644
752
698
721
699
767
767
714
667
694
650
8,531
324
363
302
250
328
328
320
240
239
239
206
322
3,463
2,386
2,190
2,310
2,086
2,254
2,335
2,441
2,430
2,263
2,296
2,294
2,408
27,691
105
92
99
120
107
106
118
120
108
121
122
127
1,346
12,924
11,642
12,576
11,580
12,147
12,511
13,502
13,195
12,230
12,182
12,317
13,210
150,015
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
76
79
66
47
39
42
50
42
36
31
44
45
595
103
38
30
10
8
8
9
8
9
10
10
11
255
651
533
529
509
557
605
701
722
657
601
560
602
7,227
243
199
214
219
224
225
248
244
231
215
202
216
2,681
1,218
961
972
927
986
1,041
1,173
1,181
1,086
1,008
960
1,007
12,520
1,105
998
1,087
955
1,009
1,065
1,105
1,081
1,013
942
966
1,015
12,341
185
147
159
160
165
167
166
169
162
140
151
163
1,934
7,441
6,680
7,105
6,690
6,918
6,960
7,685
7,716
7,234
7,028
7,083
7,670
86,209
667
606
651
624
662
711
786
820
828
748
772
790
8,664
120
104
114
127
130
100
89
96
86
93
99
125
1,282
2,343
2,105
2,311
2,188
2,276
2,295
2,426
2,384
2,171
2,180
2,175
2,386
27,239
116
103
123
125
105
110
120
111
102
118
115
119
1,367
12,391
11,112
11,937
11,251
11,667
11,814
12,790
12,856
12,044
11,667
11,797
12,757
144,083
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
53
59
51
33
35
42
44
35
32
34
418
27
80
13
9
11
11
13
12
10
8
194
619
533
616
539
655
652
719
732
675
638
6,378
227
199
229
212
219
218
231
220
221
221
2,197
1,062
1,005
1,067
967
1,099
1,100
1,195
1,183
1,112
1,056
10,845
991
954
1,007
797
912
1,018
1,082
1,108
1,015
955
9,839
157
187
143
135
131
113
140
138
135
120
1,400
7,701
6,606
6,689
6,365
6,867
7,213
7,668
7,670
7,278
6,941
70,997
867
726
724
660
687
794
956
865
870
634
7,783
130
113
142
136
114
99
113
79
61
97
1,085
2,446
2,152
2,212
2,195
2,176
2,252
2,443
2,356
2,240
2,204
22,676
121
104
118
102
104
103
114
104
104
120
1,094
12,781
11,162
11,394
10,785
11,412
12,023
12,970
12,787
12,123
11,498
118,937

507
710
234
99
6,065
6,006
2,263
2,133
10,553
10,234
10,360
10,443
1,620
2,231
71,457
73,313
7,102
7,186
1,058
2,934
22,678
22,989
1,132
1,097
119,529
124,489
a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
g Includes a small amount of conventional hydroelectric power, other gases,
photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, wood, and other, which are not separately
displayed. Does not include estimated distributed solar photovoltaic generation,
which in the commercial sector was 4,349 million kilowatthours in 2014.
h Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

i Conventional hydroelectric power.
j Wood and wood-derived fuels.
k Includes photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,
purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001,
tire-derived fuels). Does not include estimated distributed solar photovoltaic
generation, which in the industrial sector was 943 million kilowatthours in 2014.
NA=Not available.
Statistics," at end of section. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components
beginning in 1973.
111
Figure 7.3
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
Coal by Sector, 19892014
Petroleum by Sector, 19892014

300
1.2
250
Totala
Totala
Electric Power
Million Barrels
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
200
150
Electric Power
100
0.3
50
Industrial
Industrial
0
0.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010
Other Gasesb by Sector, 19892014
Natural Gas by Sector, 19892014
200
10
Totala
8
Totala
Trillion Btu
Trillion Cubic Feet
150
Electric Power
100
Industrial
50
Electric Power
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Wood by Sector, 19892014
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Waste by Sector, 19892014

400
750
Total
300
Totala
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
500
200
Electric Power
250
Industrial
100
Industrial
Electric Power
0
0
1990
a
1995
2000
2005
2010

Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas .
b
112
Commercial
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Table 7.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.3b and 7.3c)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
2012 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
792,457
860,594
994,933
972,691
987,583
1,014,058
1,020,523
1,041,448
1,030,556
1,046,795
1,042,335
934,683
979,684
934,938
825,734
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
18,143
19,615
31,675
31,150
23,286
29,672
20,163
20,651
13,174
15,683
12,832
12,658
14,050
11,231
9,285
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
190,652
95,507
143,381
165,312
109,235
142,518
142,088
141,518
58,473
63,833
38,191
28,576
23,997
14,251
11,755
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
437
680
1,450
855
1,894
2,947
2,856
2,968
2,174
2,917
2,822
2,328
2,056
1,844
1,565
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,914
3,355
3,744
3,871
6,836
6,303
7,677
8,330
7,363
6,036
5,417
4,821
4,994
5,012
3,675
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
218,800
132,578
195,228
216,672
168,597
206,653
203,494
206,785
110,634
112,615
80,932
67,668
65,071
52,387
40,977
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,692
4,738
5,691
5,832
6,126
5,616
5,675
6,036
6,462
7,089
6,896
7,121
7,680
7,884
9,485
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
112
133
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
97
84
90
91
103
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
442
480
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
339
320
350
348
390
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
211
316
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
267
272
281
279
290
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
36
42
46
160
191
193
183
173
172
168
172
170
184
205
204
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
75,049
67,129
70,469
60,807
64,688
75,054
83,213
81,970
72,723
66,348
65,959
77,319
860,729
1,114
734
700
724
852
710
1,076
676
657
661
786
1,094
9,784
1,548
1,004
840
844
829
889
1,317
968
814
813
751
1,150
11,766
299
152
99
117
109
100
153
132
120
107
120
173
1,681
385
314
364
342
469
476
474
491
442
404
308
381
4,852
4,889
3,459
3,459
3,397
4,136
4,080
4,915
4,233
3,803
3,604
3,197
4,321
47,492
667
599
637
596
646
772
949
937
785
670
634
705
8,596
10
9
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
115
33
30
33
28
31
33
35
36
33
34
34
37
398
24
21
25
24
26
25
26
26
25
25
25
27
298
16
15
17
15
17
17
18
18
17
17
16
18
200
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
83,647
76,160
72,124
58,065
64,033
74,328
81,495
81,074
69,127
61,129
64,651
67,799
853,634
4,958
1,380
1,480
672
840
690
673
700
718
675
841
837
14,465
4,278
1,538
1,731
801
698
762
921
954
805
753
734
730
14,704
954
199
264
83
109
50
102
97
121
123
106
153
2,363
436
361
421
303
393
418
385
382
372
230
288
424
4,412
12,369
4,924
5,578
3,070
3,614
3,591
3,621
3,661
3,504
2,701
3,121
3,840
53,593
695
580
591
579
680
754
881
935
806
736
633
674
8,544
9
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
10
9
10
10
110
37
34
37
32
32
37
39
38
36
35
36
38
431
27
25
27
26
27
27
28
27
26
25
24
25
314
17
15
16
16
17
17
17
18
17
16
17
18
200
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
71,378
67,116
58,375
48,567
57,238
69,226
76,916
74,132
65,088
53,994
642,030
1,330
3,764
869
647
864
816
803
749
680
662
11,185
1,784
4,212
815
797
746
850
1,128
1,004
877
781
12,994
243
720
146
108
132
105
111
109
161
112
1,946
400
419
278
301
343
305
421
397
381
306
3,551
5,354
10,793
3,220
3,055
3,455
3,298
4,147
3,847
3,624
3,088
43,879
748
678
736
695
770
926
1,085
1,063
935
827
8,463
11
9
8
8
8
9
11
10
9
7
89
38
35
35
31
34
36
39
39
35
33
354
27
23
25
24
25
25
27
26
24
25
251
15
13
14
15
16
16
17
17
16
15
155

721,183
717,450
12,787
7,904
13,239
9,865
2,103
1,388
3,700
4,163
46,632
39,974
7,237
7,258
91
97
357
327
264
246
165
166
synfuel.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 19491979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also include
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 19491979, data are for steam plant use of
petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, waste oil, and, beginning in 2011,
propane.
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
g Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
h Wood and wood-derived fuels.
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
Statistics," at end of section. Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity.
Data also include fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small
number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. Totals may not
beginning in 1973.
113
Table 7.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
2012 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
781,301
847,854
982,713
961,523
975,251
1,003,036
1,012,459
1,033,567
1,022,802
1,041,346
1,036,891
929,692
971,245
928,857
820,762
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,394
18,066
29,722
29,056
21,810
27,441
18,793
19,450
12,578
15,135
12,318
11,848
13,677
10,961
9,000
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
183,285
88,895
138,047
159,150
104,577
137,361
138,831
138,337
56,347
62,072
37,222
27,768
23,560
13,861
11,292
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25
441
403
374
1,243
1,937
2,511
2,591
1,783
2,496
2,608
2,110
1,848
1,655
1,339
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,008
2,452
3,155
3,308
5,705
5,719
7,135
7,877
6,905
5,523
5,000
4,485
4,679
4,726
2,861
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
204,745
119,663
183,946
205,119
156,154
195,336
195,809
199,760
105,235
107,316
77,149
64,151
62,477
50,105
35,937
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,147
4,094
5,014
5,142
5,408
4,909
5,075
5,485
5,891
6,502
6,342
6,567
7,085
7,265
8,788
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
18
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
23
21
20
18
19
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
106
106
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
159
160
177
166
171
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
180
282
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
242
244
249
241
250
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
122
115
116
133
132
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
74,608
66,722
70,016
60,392
64,250
74,620
82,747
81,523
72,305
65,944
65,552
76,868
855,546
1,074
709
682
704
830
692
1,051
658
638
643
764
1,064
9,511
1,489
957
801
812
796
862
1,283
933
788
782
719
1,101
11,322
282
138
82
101
87
86
138
117
105
92
104
156
1,488
320
282
303
279
401
410
409
425
386
354
277
341
4,189
4,447
3,213
3,083
3,012
3,719
3,692
4,516
3,835
3,460
3,285
2,973
4,028
43,265
606
545
579
541
591
713
884
873
726
613
576
641
7,888
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
41
15
14
15
12
14
15
17
18
16
16
17
18
187
20
18
21
20
22
21
22
22
21
21
21
23
251
10
10
11
10
11
11
12
11
11
11
10
12
130
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
83,213
75,772
71,706
57,692
63,635
73,907
81,059
80,644
68,726
60,759
64,281
67,410
848,803
4,836
1,325
1,439
648
819
672
653
683
698
651
816
812
14,052
4,188
1,472
1,676
766
660
717
879
920
769
713
686
686
14,132
931
181
246
70
91
36
87
80
103
106
90
137
2,157
404
331
389
267
363
385
352
349
343
201
261
395
4,039
11,973
4,636
5,305
2,817
3,383
3,350
3,380
3,427
3,285
2,476
2,895
3,610
50,537
634
527
535
526
624
697
818
872
747
679
576
612
7,849
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
29
19
17
19
16
15
19
20
20
19
18
19
20
220
23
21
23
22
23
23
24
23
22
21
21
22
266
10
9
11
10
11
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
127
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
71,009
66,753
57,995
48,277
56,905
68,839
76,505
73,714
64,705
53,639
638,342
1,291
3,664
838
621
837
790
769
716
657
637
10,821
1,700
4,043
774
766
709
821
1,096
981
852
768
12,511
225
707
122
91
105
83
99
93
148
98
1,772
369
388
255
272
320
288
392
370
355
284
3,293
5,062
10,356
3,008
2,837
3,250
3,134
3,927
3,639
3,433
2,922
41,568
687
626
682
644
714
868
1,024
1,001
876
771
7,891
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
25
20
18
18
15
18
19
21
21
18
16
183
22
19
21
21
21
22
24
23
21
21
215
10
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
102

717,112
713,126
12,424
7,683
12,760
9,503
1,930
1,228
3,384
3,570
44,032
36,264
6,661
6,671
24
34
181
152
224
208
106
108
synfuel.
oil no. 4.
propane.
114

Statistics," at end of section. Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity.
Data also include fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small
number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. The electric
power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or
electricity and heat, to the public. Totals may not equal sum of components
beginning in 1973.
Table 7.3c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Biomass
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastef
Otheri
Trillion Btu
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
417
569
514
532
477
582
377
377
347
361
369
317
314
347
307
953
649
823
1,023
834
894
766
585
333
258
166
190
172
137
279
28
43
37
36
33
38
33
34
35
34
33
34
39
47
63
15
21
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
23
24
31
33
10,740
12,171
11,706
10,636
11,855
10,440
7,687
7,504
7,408
5,089
5,075
4,674
8,125
5,735
4,665
13,103
12,265
10,459
10,530
11,608
10,424
6,919
6,440
5,066
5,041
3,617
3,328
2,422
2,145
4,761
517
601
640
654
685
668
566
518
536
554
520
520
555
572
633
104
114
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
73
62
70
74
84
335
373
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
179
160
172
182
219
16
13
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
5
4
8
7
8
36
40
45
44
43
46
41
46
45
41
39
42
55
57
54
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
55
50
49
40
40
38
38
38
38
37
42
47
513
48
36
25
24
20
18
31
27
20
22
25
39
335
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
6
6
5
5
6
67
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
36
386
358
404
374
399
395
429
408
380
367
366
404
4,670
393
210
352
360
397
370
367
371
323
297
199
254
3,892
55
49
53
50
50
53
58
58
52
52
53
58
642
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
6
5
74
18
16
17
16
17
18
19
18
17
18
17
19
210
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
50
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
27
27
22
16
12
15
16
14
12
11
14
16
202
113
58
44
32
23
27
24
24
25
29
29
32
462
6
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
6
6
5
6
72
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
36
407
362
396
357
385
406
420
417
389
359
356
373
4,629
283
229
229
220
208
214
216
210
194
196
197
198
2,594
54
48
51
48
51
51
55
56
52
51
52
55
623
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
7
7
7
81
18
16
17
16
17
18
19
18
17
17
17
19
210
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
5
5
54
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
17
19
17
11
12
14
15
12
11
11
140
56
165
26
18
20
20
24
23
17
10
380
6
5
6
5
6
6
7
7
6
6
61
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
27
351
344
363
278
321
373
396
406
372
344
3,548
236
273
185
200
185
144
195
185
173
155
1,932
55
47
48
45
50
52
55
55
52
49
510
8
6
6
5
6
7
8
7
7
5
64
18
16
17
16
16
17
18
18
17
17
170
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
37

171
424
401
271
60
56
30
30
3,899
3,901
2,199
3,440
516
531
67
63
175
174
9
9
44
42

plants.
plants.
synfuel.
i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

Statistics," at end of section. See Note 2, Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors, at end of section. Data are for fuels consumed to produce
electricity. Through 1988, data are not available. Totals may not equal sum of
and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1989.
Sources: 19891997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
115
Figure 7.4
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output
Coal by Sector, 19892014
Petroleum by Sector, 19892014

360
1.2
Totala
270
Electric Power
Million Barrels
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
Totala
180
Electric Power
90
0.3
Industrial
Industrial
0.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010
Other Gasesb by Sector, 19892014
Natural Gas by Sector, 19892014
400
12
Totala
300
Totala
Electric Power
Trillion Btu
Trillion Cubic Feet
Industrial
200
100
Electric Power
Industrial
0
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
Wood by Sector, 19892014
1995
2000
2005
2010
Waste by Sector, 19892014
1.6
500
Total
400
Total
Industrial
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1.2
0.8
300
200
Electric Power
0.4
100
Commercial
Electric Power
0.0
1990
a
1995
2000
2005
2010

Blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels. Through 2010, also includes propane gas .
b
116
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Table 7.4a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.4b and 7.4c)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
2012 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
811,538
881,012
1,015,398
991,635
1,005,144
1,031,778
1,044,798
1,065,281
1,053,783
1,069,606
1,064,503
955,190
1,001,411
956,470
845,066
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
20,194
21,697
34,572
33,724
24,749
31,825
23,520
24,446
14,655
17,042
14,137
14,800
15,247
11,735
9,945
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
209,081
112,168
156,673
177,137
118,637
152,859
157,478
156,915
69,846
74,616
43,477
33,672
26,944
16,877
13,571
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,332
1,322
2,904
1,418
3,257
4,576
4,764
4,270
3,396
4,237
3,765
3,218
2,777
2,540
2,185
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
2,832
4,590
4,669
4,532
7,353
7,067
8,721
9,113
8,622
7,299
6,314
5,828
6,053
6,092
5,021
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
244,765
158,140
217,494
234,940
183,409
224,593
229,364
231,193
131,005
132,389
92,948
80,830
75,231
61,610
50,805
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
4,346
5,572
6,677
6,731
6,986
6,337
6,727
7,021
7,404
7,962
7,689
7,938
8,502
8,724
10,371
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
288
313
356
263
278
294
353
348
341
329
300
259
262
282
302
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
1,256
1,382
1,380
1,182
1,287
1,266
1,360
1,353
1,399
1,336
1,263
1,137
1,226
1,241
1,273
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
257
374
401
263
289
293
282
289
300
304
328
333
346
340
355
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
86
97
109
229
252
262
254
237
247
239
212
228
237
261
252
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
76,748
68,656
72,100
62,249
66,168
76,482
84,740
83,466
74,127
67,818
67,559
78,966
879,078
1,173
789
739
762
889
750
1,107
709
690
700
830
1,139
10,277
1,906
1,216
989
1,000
995
1,032
1,467
1,110
946
964
904
1,671
14,199
356
197
146
167
153
147
193
166
157
147
157
226
2,212
522
416
493
456
600
606
614
653
558
522
400
496
6,338
6,045
4,284
4,341
4,211
5,036
4,961
5,837
5,250
4,583
4,421
3,893
5,516
58,378
741
666
711
666
717
842
1,028
1,015
858
742
708
785
9,479
26
24
26
25
25
25
26
26
25
25
25
28
305
113
101
109
101
106
109
118
116
107
108
111
117
1,318
31
28
32
31
31
31
32
32
30
32
32
35
376
19
18
20
18
19
20
21
21
20
20
19
21
236
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
85,420
77,801
73,846
59,489
65,483
75,741
82,961
82,526
70,482
62,488
66,131
69,372
871,741
5,177
1,460
1,528
710
869
726
702
741
752
701
870
871
15,107
4,609
1,746
1,932
932
835
904
1,050
1,073
908
893
878
853
16,615
1,046
247
316
118
153
81
138
137
158
165
152
196
2,908
541
454
527
418
504
527
499
494
485
316
393
538
5,695
13,536
5,722
6,410
3,852
4,376
4,343
4,386
4,422
4,243
3,339
3,863
4,612
63,106
782
649
664
646
748
822
953
1,010
876
808
704
749
9,410
25
23
25
24
24
24
26
27
26
26
27
27
304
118
107
117
109
109
116
120
121
112
114
115
121
1,378
35
32
34
34
33
33
35
33
31
32
32
33
395
20
17
19
19
19
20
20
21
20
19
20
21
236
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
73,010
68,538
59,885
49,916
58,627
70,569
78,376
75,553
66,457
55,257
656,187
1,404
3,939
911
682
897
855
850
785
711
703
11,738
1,965
4,526
960
921
874
984
1,270
1,133
1,045
917
14,594
316
780
200
155
185
147
141
144
202
155
2,427
540
555
425
420
444
422
525
501
488
397
4,716
6,383
12,018
4,198
3,859
4,175
4,094
4,885
4,570
4,400
3,758
52,340
828
751
818
768
844
1,000
1,163
1,143
1,010
902
9,228
27
23
23
22
23
24
25
25
22
21
234
122
109
110
108
111
112
118
116
109
109
1,124
34
29
32
31
32
31
35
33
31
33
321
18
15
17
17
18
18
20
19
18
18
178

736,238
732,554
13,366
8,308
14,884
11,624
2,560
1,829
4,764
5,442
54,631
48,969
7,957
7,986
250
253
1,142
1,089
330
309
195
197
synfuel.
oil no. 4.
propane.

for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
117
Table 7.4b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1950 Total ....................

1955 Total ....................
1960 Total ....................
1965 Total ....................
1970 Total ....................
1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2010 Total ....................
2011 Total ....................
2012 Total ....................
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
569,274
693,841
782,567
850,230
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
975,052
932,484
823,551
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,567
18,553
30,016
29,274
21,876
27,632
19,107
19,675
12,646
15,327
12,547
12,035
13,790
11,021
9,080
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
391,163
158,779
184,915
90,023
138,513
159,504
104,773
138,279
139,816
139,409
57,345
63,086
38,241
28,782
24,503
14,803
12,203
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
26
499
454
377
1,267
2,026
2,713
2,685
1,870
2,594
2,670
2,210
1,877
1,658
1,339
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
179
231
1,008
2,674
3,275
3,427
5,816
5,799
7,372
8,083
7,101
5,685
5,119
4,611
4,777
4,837
2,974
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
421,110
174,571
206,550
122,447
185,358
206,291
156,996
196,932
198,498
202,184
107,365
109,431
79,056
66,081
64,055
51,667
37,495
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,245
4,237
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
7,387
7,574
9,111
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
24
25
15
33
41
58
84
65
61
61
55
52
50
54
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
129
125
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
196
182
190
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
188
296
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
264
255
262
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
1
113
143
140
138
123
125
124
131
124
124
143
143
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
74,832
66,919
70,219
60,584
64,444
74,817
82,966
81,737
72,501
66,107
65,763
77,071
857,962
1,087
722
690
711
836
698
1,056
663
644
652
770
1,070
9,598
1,540
1,022
883
895
882
942
1,367
1,018
876
872
800
1,187
12,283
282
138
82
101
87
86
138
117
105
92
104
156
1,489
329
289
312
288
409
416
418
434
392
362
285
350
4,285
4,554
3,328
3,216
3,147
3,849
3,804
4,649
3,966
3,587
3,427
3,101
4,166
44,794
632
568
604
565
615
737
911
901
751
637
601
669
8,191
5
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
60
17
15
17
14
15
17
18
20
18
18
19
20
207
22
19
23
21
22
22
22
23
21
22
22
24
262
11
10
12
11
12
12
13
12
11
11
11
12
139
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
83,498
76,036
72,000
57,936
63,863
74,123
81,287
80,863
68,916
60,947
64,495
67,638
851,602
4,938
1,338
1,446
653
823
679
656
703
701
652
820
825
14,235
4,284
1,552
1,770
845
744
801
970
1,009
829
804
772
752
15,132
967
181
253
70
92
36
87
80
103
106
90
141
2,208
412
339
397
276
371
385
357
358
352
211
271
404
4,132
12,250
4,766
5,456
2,948
3,513
3,442
3,497
3,581
3,392
2,615
3,036
3,740
52,235
663
551
561
549
647
721
843
898
771
703
600
639
8,146
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
44
21
20
22
18
17
22
23
23
21
20
22
22
251
24
22
24
23
24
24
25
24
22
22
22
23
279
11
10
12
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
12
137
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
71,242
66,959
58,214
48,462
57,124
69,072
76,747
73,930
64,922
53,824
640,496
1,320
3,765
845
628
845
797
777
723
664
643
11,007
1,770
4,172
853
842
786
898
1,186
1,067
940
864
13,378
244
726
126
91
107
83
100
94
149
100
1,818
379
398
264
282
330
299
402
379
364
293
3,389
5,231
10,651
3,147
2,969
3,389
3,270
4,073
3,777
3,571
3,069
43,147
714
651
709
669
739
892
1,051
1,029
902
797
8,154
5
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
37
22
21
20
17
19
21
23
24
20
18
206
24
21
22
22
22
22
25
24
21
23
226
11
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
11
11
110

719,468
715,128
12,590
7,759
13,608
10,296
1,977
1,229
3,457
3,649
45,459
37,527
6,907
6,921
36
49
207
169
234
216
114
115
synfuel.
oil no. 4.
propane.
118
beginning in 1973.
Table 7.4c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
Biomass
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,191
1,419
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
1,720
1,668
1,450
2,056
1,245
1,615
1,832
1,250
1,449
2,009
1,630
935
752
671
521
437
333
457
46
78
85
79
74
58
72
68
68
70
66
76
86
87
111
28
40
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
36
43
45
27,781
29,363
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
24,638
22,319
20,065
36,159
34,448
30,520
26,817
25,163
26,212
28,857
27,380
22,706
22,207
13,222
14,228
10,740
9,610
12,853
1,055
1,258
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
1,029
1,063
1,149
275
290
331
248
245
253
295
264
277
268
239
204
210
232
249
1,125
1,255
1,244
1,054
1,136
1,097
1,193
1,166
1,216
1,148
1,084
955
1,029
1,057
1,082
41
38
35
27
34
34
24
34
33
36
35
35
47
43
47
86
95
108
101
92
103
94
94
102
98
60
82
91
94
81
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
149
137
132
100
105
102
100
102
96
91
112
130
1,356
270
98
35
28
27
24
44
39
29
37
42
213
887
10
9
9
9
9
10
12
11
10
9
9
11
118
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
47
1,767
1,600
1,748
1,565
1,618
1,563
1,674
1,626
1,530
1,620
1,683
1,765
19,761
1,222
858
1,091
1,036
1,159
1,133
1,143
1,245
967
956
750
1,137
12,697
100
89
97
92
93
96
105
104
96
96
98
105
1,170
21
19
22
20
20
20
21
21
20
19
19
23
246
96
86
92
88
91
92
100
96
88
91
92
97
1,109
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
7
67
6
5
6
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
69
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
132
131
118
82
72
78
85
72
64
58
82
90
1,063
237
109
79
44
31
30
29
37
36
38
42
45
758
14
9
9
8
9
10
11
11
10
10
9
10
119
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
47
1,791
1,633
1,729
1,472
1,549
1,540
1,589
1,591
1,502
1,482
1,554
1,644
19,076
1,049
848
875
861
832
871
861
804
815
686
784
827
10,112
106
89
94
89
92
91
99
101
95
95
94
100
1,145
21
20
22
20
21
21
22
23
23
22
23
23
260
96
87
94
90
92
94
97
98
91
93
93
98
1,122
6
6
6
7
5
5
6
5
4
6
6
6
70
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
7
72
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
96
91
88
64
62
64
68
63
58
61
714
93
236
47
32
31
30
36
41
36
28
611
11
10
11
9
10
10
11
11
11
10
105
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
37
1,672
1,488
1,583
1,391
1,441
1,433
1,561
1,560
1,477
1,372
14,977
1,059
1,131
1,004
857
755
794
776
751
792
661
8,581
103
91
98
91
95
97
101
103
96
95
969
22
19
19
19
19
20
21
21
18
18
197
99
88
90
90
92
90
94
92
89
90
915
6
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
59
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
46

891
1,114
671
632
100
98
39
39
15,879
16,312
8,501
10,810
951
968
215
203
931
919
57
53
58
58
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total

plants.
plants.
synfuel.
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastef
Otheri
Trillion Btu
i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

Statistics," at end of section. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: 19891997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
119
Figure 7.5
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector
Coal, 19492014
200
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total Petroleum, 19492014
Million Barrels
150
100
50
0
1950
1955
1960
Total Petroleum, Monthly
200
40
150
30
Million Barrels
Million Short Tons
Coal, Monthly
100
50
20
10
2013
2014
2015
0
J
2013
2015
0
J

Source: Table 7.5.
120
2014
Table 7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Petroleum
Coala
Thousand Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oilc
Other Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Petroleum Cokee
Totale,f
Thousand Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
1950 Year .............................

1955 Year .............................
1960 Year .............................
1965 Year .............................
1970 Year .............................
1975 Year .............................
1980 Year .............................
1985 Year .............................
1990 Year .............................
1995 Year .............................
2000 Yearg ...........................
2001 Year .............................
2002 Year .............................
2003 Year .............................
2004 Year .............................
2005 Year .............................
2006 Year .............................
2007 Year .............................
2008 Year .............................
2009 Year .............................
2010 Year .............................
2011 Year .............................
2012 Year .............................
31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
174,917
172,387
185,116
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16,432
30,023
16,386
16,471
15,392
15,127
20,486
17,413
19,153
19,275
18,778
18,013
18,395
17,761
17,886
16,758
16,649
16,433
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
108,825
105,351
57,304
67,030
35,102
24,748
34,594
25,723
25,820
26,596
27,624
28,823
24,136
21,088
19,068
16,629
15,491
12,999
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
779
879
1,012
1,380
1,902
1,955
2,257
2,319
2,707
2,792
NA
NA
NA
NA
239
31
52
49
94
65
211
390
1,711
1,484
937
530
674
554
739
1,394
1,019
508
495
10,201
13,671
19,572
25,647
39,151
125,413
135,635
73,933
83,970
50,821
40,932
57,031
52,490
53,170
51,434
50,062
51,583
47,203
44,498
46,181
40,800
37,387
34,698
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ...................
178,859
175,565
171,736
173,014
177,174
171,124
160,019
154,567
152,694
154,194
156,249
147,884
16,431
16,517
16,508
16,322
16,271
16,345
16,260
16,350
16,301
16,497
16,787
16,068
12,219
12,024
12,983
12,531
12,476
12,198
11,760
12,275
12,349
12,514
13,046
12,926
2,664
2,664
2,707
2,715
2,747
2,770
2,784
2,810
2,778
2,759
2,787
2,679
442
442
407
456
443
408
394
260
309
291
338
390
33,525
33,417
34,234
33,847
33,711
33,350
32,774
32,735
32,973
33,226
34,310
33,622
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ...................
133,705
119,904
118,260
128,925
136,921
133,479
125,870
121,369
124,546
136,964
142,595
151,548
15,058
16,003
16,148
16,483
16,285
16,583
16,490
16,510
16,863
17,429
18,166
18,309
10,057
10,677
10,606
10,608
10,581
10,659
10,250
10,460
10,532
10,891
11,978
12,764
2,439
2,479
2,443
2,477
2,511
2,495
2,380
2,375
2,394
2,564
2,685
2,432
298
277
350
515
458
397
381
388
389
510
633
827
29,044
30,541
30,946
32,143
31,665
31,724
31,025
31,286
31,734
33,433
35,994
37,643
2015 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
154,691
149,671
154,841
167,490
173,214
166,810
158,330
156,277
162,373
175,826
18,037
16,237
16,637
16,693
16,703
16,666
16,620
16,701
17,116
17,344
12,142
9,780
10,167
10,045
10,417
10,463
10,157
9,968
10,617
11,322
2,458
2,181
2,261
2,231
2,232
2,267
2,245
2,246
2,224
2,248
892
850
818
912
999
1,031
1,065
1,029
1,102
1,151
37,096
32,450
33,155
33,529
34,348
34,553
34,345
34,058
35,465
36,670
a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite; excludes waste
coal.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2 and 4. For 19731979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant stocks of petroleum. For 19802000, electric utility data also
include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 19731979, data are for steam plant stocks of
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of
waste oil.
f Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. Beginning in 1970, also includes
petroleum coke. Beginning in 2002, also includes other liquids.
g Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are
NA=Not available.
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Stocks
are at end of period. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
beginning in 1973.
Sources: 1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4,
"Monthly Power Plant Report." October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 19821988: U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." 19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and
Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 19982000: EIA,
Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report." 20042007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008 forward: EIA, Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
121
Figure 7.6
Electricity End Use

Retail Salesa by Sector, October 2015
Electricity End Use Overview, 19892014
120
5,000
112.8
99.1
4,000
90
Total
3,000
Retail Salesa
80.9
60
2,000
30
1,000
Direct Useb
0.6
Residential
1990
1995
2000
2005
Commercial
Industrial
Transportationd
2010
Retail Salesa by Sector, 19492014

1,500
Residential
Commercialc
Industrial
1,000
500
Transportation d
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Retail Salesa by Sector, Monthly

175
150
1985
1995
2000
2005
2010
Retail Salesa Total, JanuaryOctober

3,500
Residential
Commercialc
3,127
3,170
3,154
2013
2014
2015
3,000
125
2,500
100
2,000
75
1990
Industrial
50
1,500
1,000
25
500
Transportation d
0
2013
2014
2015
a
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by utilities and
other energy service providers.
b
See Direct Use in Glossary.
c
Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, inte r-
122
departmental sales, and other sales to public authorites.

d
Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
Source: Table 7.6.
Table 7.6 Electricity End Use

(Million Kilowatthours)
Discontinued
Retail Sales Series
Retail Salesa
Transportationd
Residential
Commercialb
Industrialc
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
72,200
128,401
201,463
291,013
466,291
588,140
717,495
793,934
924,019
1,042,501
1,192,446
1,201,607
1,265,180
1,275,824
1,291,982
1,359,227
1,351,520
1,392,241
1,380,662
1,364,758
1,445,708
1,422,801
1,374,515
E 65,971
E 102,547
E 159,144
E 231,126
E 352,041
E 468,296
E 6,793
E 5,826
E 3,066
E 2,923
E 3,115
E 2,974
558,643
689,121
838,263
953,117
1,159,347
1,190,518
1,204,531
1,198,728
1,230,425
1,275,079
1,299,744
1,336,315
1,336,133
1,306,853
1,330,199
1,328,057
1,327,101
146,479
259,974
324,402
428,727
570,854
687,680
815,067
836,772
945,522
1,012,693
1,064,239
996,609
990,238
1,012,373
1,017,850
1,019,156
1,011,298
1,027,832
1,009,516
917,416
971,221
991,316
985,714
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
131,785
113,114
112,097
95,541
95,192
117,982
143,855
138,065
121,419
98,893
97,904
128,966
1,394,812
107,729
101,016
104,011
101,395
108,683
117,410
127,311
127,063
118,408
111,907
103,384
108,762
1,337,079
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
R 146,511
R 128,475
R 114,233
R 92,290
R 95,727
R 118,049
R 137,028
R 135,830
R 120,741
R 98,038
R 99,486
R 120,801
1,407,208
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Total
Retail Salese
Direct Usef
Total
End Useg
Commercial
(Old) h
Other
(Old) i
3,244
4,147
4,751
4,975
5,382
5,724
5,517
6,810
7,224
7,506
7,358
8,173
7,653
7,768
7,712
7,672
7,320
291,443
496,748
688,075
953,789
1,392,300
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,712,555
3,013,287
3,421,414
3,394,458
3,465,466
3,493,734
3,547,479
3,660,969
3,669,919
3,764,561
3,733,965
3,596,795
3,754,841
3,749,846
3,694,650
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
124,529
150,677
170,943
162,649
166,184
168,295
168,470
150,016
146,927
125,670
132,197
126,938
131,910
132,754
137,657
291,443
496,748
688,075
953,789
1,392,300
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,837,084
3,163,963
3,592,357
3,557,107
3,631,650
3,662,029
3,715,949
3,810,984
3,816,845
3,890,231
3,866,161
3,723,733
3,886,752
3,882,600
3,832,306
50,637
79,389
130,702
200,470
306,703
403,049
488,155
605,989
751,027
862,685
1,055,232
1,083,069
1,104,497
80,505
76,692
80,474
80,216
84,897
84,170
86,887
87,806
83,025
82,980
79,632
78,067
985,352
664
659
644
630
627
638
649
645
626
591
574
679
7,625
320,683
291,480
297,226
277,782
289,398
320,201
358,701
353,580
323,478
294,370
281,494
316,475
3,724,868
E 12,296
E 11,079
E 12,000
E 11,076
E 11,608
E 11,969
E 13,031
E 12,682
E 11,762
E 11,621
E 11,718
E 12,621
143,462
332,978
302,559
309,226
288,858
301,006
332,170
371,732
366,262
335,240
305,992
293,212
329,095
3,868,330
R 113,866
R 104,353
R 106,968
R 102,459
R 109,666
R 118,423
R 125,434
R 125,603
R 120,049
R 113,023
R 104,245
R 108,070
R 80,149
R 75,413
R 80,539
R 80,505
R 85,383
R 85,711
R 88,417
R 89,808
R 85,489
R 84,994
R 81,044
R 80,123
R 341,238
R 308,941
R 302,388
R 275,894
R 291,421
R 322,792
R 351,524
R 351,883
R 326,907
R 296,680
R 285,413
R 309,620
E 12,033
E 10,675
E 11,414
E 10,767
E 11,188
E 11,367
E 12,346
E 12,412
E 11,610
E 11,208
E 11,280
E 12,170
R 353,272
R 319,616
R 313,802
R 286,661
R 302,609
R 334,159
R 363,870
R 364,295
R 338,517
R 307,887
R 296,692
R 321,790
1,352,158
997,576
712
700
648
640
646
609
645
642
628
625
637
626
7,758
3,764,700
E 138,470
3,903,170
E 12,240
E 10,758
E 11,018
E 10,391
E 11,062
E 11,604
E 12,525
E 12,352
E 11,703
E 11,100
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
137,528
123,774
116,862
89,923
94,860
119,922
145,413
144,085
124,992
99,083
1,196,442
110,807
105,391
107,645
103,857
109,012
118,956
128,289
128,233
121,934
112,791
1,146,913
77,086
74,395
77,204
77,891
80,603
83,565
85,205
85,704
82,141
80,903
804,696
670
702
682
623
611
612
650
627
617
637
6,431
326,091
304,262
302,392
272,294
285,086
323,054
359,557
358,649
329,684
293,414
3,154,482
E 114,754
338,331
315,020
313,411
282,685
296,148
334,658
372,082
371,001
341,387
304,515
3,269,236

1,186,922
1,167,942
1,139,843
1,124,932
836,409
827,653
6,494
6,372
3,169,668
3,126,899
E 115,019
E 119,123
3,284,687
3,246,022
a Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

b Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
c Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning
in 2003, includes agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
e The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."
f Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
g The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
h "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for the commercial
22,127
28,984
31,508
33,580
48,452
68,222
73,732
87,279
91,988
95,407
109,496
113,174
105,552
sector, excluding public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and
other sales to public authorities.
i "Other (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for public street and highway
lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and
irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section.
beginning in 1973.
123
Electricity
Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through
1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions
(such as universities) and military facilities that generated
electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985,
data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military
facilities. Data for independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a
generator nameplate capacity of one megawatt or greater;
they exclude plants with a generator nameplate capacity
less than one megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity
statistics in Section 7 are data for residential and commercial self-generation from solar energy, except for the small
amount sold to the grid and included in data for the electric
power sector.
Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into EnergyUse Sectors. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only
and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use
sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a
NAICS code of 22 are assigned to the Electric Power
Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11
(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining,
including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 3133
(manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and
22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned
to the Industrial Sector. Those with all other codes are
assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report, asks respondents to
indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assigning a
NAICS code from the list at
http://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_860/instructions.pdf.
Table 7.1 Sources

Net Generation, Electric Power Sector
Net Generation, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

19841986: DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across

International Borders.
1987 and 1988: DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
1989: DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
19902000: National Energy Board of Canada; and DOE,
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form
FE-781R, Annual Report of International Electrical
Export/Import Data.
2001May 2011: National Energy Board of Canada; DOE,
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form
OE-781R, Monthly Electricity Imports and Exports
Report, and predecessor form; and California Independent
System Operator.
June 2011 forward: National Energy Board of Canada;
California Independent System Operator; and EIA estimates
for Texas transfers.
T&D Losses and Unaccounted for

1949 forward: Calculated as the sum of total net generation
and imports minus end use and exports.
End Use
Table 7.2b Sources

1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19821988:
(EIA), Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report.
and Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.
Trade
1949September 1977:
Unpublished Federal Power
Commission data.
October 19771980: Unpublished Economic Regulatory
Administration (ERA) data.
1981: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Energy Emergency Operations, Report on Electric Energy
Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year
1981, April 1982 (revised June 1982).
1982 and 1983: DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across
International Borders.
124
Table 7.2c Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power, 19491988
1949September 1977:
Federal Power Commission
(FPC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report, for
plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,
and FPC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial Electric Generating
Capacity, for all other plants.
October 19771978: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10

megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial
Electric Generating Capacity, for all other plants.
1979:
FERC, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) estimates for all other plants.
19801988: Estimated by EIA as the average generation
over the 6-year period of 19741979.
All Data, 1989 Forward

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000:
EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Report.

Report.
Table 7.6 Sources

Retail Sales, Residential and Industrial
FPC-5, Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue
and Income.
October 1977February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, Monthly Statement of
Electric Operating Revenue and Income.
March 19801982: FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility
Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement.
19842003: EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly (EPM),
December 2015, Table 5.1.
Table 7.3b Sources

Retail Sales, Commercial
FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power
Plant Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual
Nonutility Power Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator
ReportNonutility.
Report.
Table 7.4b Sources

1949September 1977: Federal Power Commission,
Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981:
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report.
19821988: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
19492002: Estimated by EIA as the sum of Commercial

(Old) and the non-transportation portion of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003:
EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, EPM, December 2015, Table 5.1.
Retail Sales, Transportation

19492002: Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion
of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003:
EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
2004 forward: EIA, EPM, December 2015, Table 5.1.
Direct Use, Annual

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
20012013: EIA, Electric Power Annual 2013, March 2015,
Table 2.2.
2014: Sum of monthly estimates.
Direct Use, Monthly

1989 forward: Annual shares are calculated as annual direct
use divided by annual commercial and industrial net generation (on Table 7.1). Then monthly direct use estimates are
calculated as the annual share multiplied by the monthly
commercial and industrial net generation values. For 2014
and 2015, the 2013 annual share is used.
Discontinued Retail Sales Series Commercial (Old)

and Other (Old)
19492002: See sources for Residential and Industrial.
125
8. Nuclear
Energy
Figure 8.1
Nuclear Energy Overview
Electricity Net Generation, 19572014

5
Total
Trillion Kilowatthours
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010
Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation, 19572014

25
Percent
20
15
10
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation
1985
Capacity Factor, Monthly
80
120
63.184
62.391
60
100
60.571
80
Percent
Billion Kilowatthours
1990
40
60
40
20
20
0
2013
2015
0
October
2013
October
2014
October
2015
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear.

Sources: Tables 7.2a and 8.1.
128
2014
Table 8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview
1957 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Total
Operable
Unitsa,b
Net Summer
Capacity of
Operable Unitsb,c
Nuclear Electricity
Net Generation
Number
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatthours
Nuclear Share
of Electricity
Net Generation
Capacity Factord
Percent
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
1
3
13
20
57
71
96
112
109
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
0.055
.411
.793
7.004
37.267
51.810
79.397
99.624
99.515
97.860
98.159
98.657
99.209
99.628
99.988
100.334
100.266
100.755
101.004
101.167
c 101.419
101.885
10
518
3,657
21,804
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
806,968
790,204
769,331
(s)
.1
.3
1.4
9.0
11.0
15.5
19.0
20.1
19.8
20.6
20.2
19.7
19.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.6
20.2
19.6
19.3
19.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
55.9
56.3
58.0
66.0
77.4
88.1
89.4
90.3
87.9
90.1
89.3
89.6
91.8
d 91.1
90.3
91.1
89.1
86.1
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
104
103
103
103
102
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
102.206
101.346
101.455
101.603
101.282
99.132
99.132
99.132
99.132
99.132
99.132
99.240
99.240
71,406
61,483
62,947
56,767
62,848
66,430
70,539
71,344
65,799
63,184
64,975
71,294
789,016
20.5
19.9
19.3
19.0
19.5
18.6
17.9
18.5
19.3
20.1
20.7
20.2
19.4
93.9
90.3
83.4
77.6
83.3
93.1
95.6
96.7
92.2
85.7
91.0
96.6
89.9
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
99.182
98.569
98.569
73,163
62,639
62,397
56,385
62,947
68,138
71,940
71,129
67,535
62,391
65,140
73,363
797,166
19.4
19.3
18.8
18.9
19.4
19.0
18.6
18.5
19.9
19.8
20.5
21.7
19.5
99.1
94.0
84.5
78.8
85.2
95.4
97.5
96.4
94.6
84.5
91.3
99.6
91.7
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
10-Month Total .........
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
E 98.569
E 98.569
E 98.569
E 98.569
E 98.569
E 98.708
E 98.708
E 98.708
E 98.708
E 98.708
E 98.708
74,270
63,462
64,547
59,757
65,833
68,546
71,412
72,415
66,466
60,571
667,280
20.5
18.9
19.9
20.3
20.4
18.9
17.8
18.4
18.9
19.4
19.3
E 101.3
E 95.8
E 88.0
E 84.2
E 89.8
E 96.4
E 97.2
E 98.6
E 93.5
E 82.5
E 92.7
2014 10-Month Total .........

2013 10-Month Total .........
100
100
99.182
99.132
658,663
652,747
19.2
19.2
91.0
89.1
a Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent

permission to operate, at end of period. See Note 1, "Operable Nuclear Reactors,"
at end of section.
b At end of period.
c For the definition of "Net Summer Capacity," see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity,"
at end of section. Beginning in 2011, monthly capacity values are estimated in two
steps: 1) uprates and derates reported on Form EIA-860M are added to specific
months; and 2) the difference between the resulting year-end capacity (from data
reported on Form EIA-860M) and final capacity (reported on Form EIA-860) is
allocated to the month of January.
d Beginning in 2008, capacity factor data are calculated using a new
methodology. For an explanation of the method of calculating the capacity factor,

see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity," at end of section.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05%.
Notes: For a discussion of nuclear reactor unit coverage, see Note 1,
"Operable Nuclear Reactors," at end of section. Nuclear electricity net
generation totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear (Excel
beginning in 1973.
U .S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016
129
(b) Net Design Capacity or Net Design Electrical Rating

(DER)The nominal net electrical output of a unit,
specified by the utility and used for plant design.
Nuclear Energy
Note 1. Operable Nuclear Reactors. A reactor is
generally defined as operable while it possessed a full-power
license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its
predecessor the Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent
permission to operate, at the end of the year or month
shown. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude
units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine
shutdowns that for a time rendered them unable to generate
electricity. Examples are:
(a) In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA) units (Browns Ferry 1, 2, and 3, and Sequoyah 1 and
2) were shut down under a regulatory forced outage. All
five units were idle for several years, restarting in 2007,
1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively and were counted
as operable during the shutdowns.
(b) Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976
for conversion to a light-water breeder reactor, but is
counted as operable from 1957 until its retirement in 1982.
(c) Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for
replacement of pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as
operable during those years.
Exceptions to the definition are Shoreham and Three Mile
Island 2. Shoreham was granted a full-power license in
April 1989, but was shut down two months later and never
restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession
Only. Although not operable at the end of the year,
Shoreham is counted as operable during 1989. A major
accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although
the unit retained its full-power license for several years, it
is considered permanently shut down since that year.
The following nuclear generating units were retired in 2013:
Crystal River 3 in February; Kewaunee in May; and San
Onofre 2 and 3 in June. Vermont Yankee was retired in
December 2014.
Note 2. Nuclear Capacity. Nuclear generating units may
have more than one type of net capacity rating, including the
following:
(a) Net Summer CapacityThe steady hourly output that
generating equipment is expected to supply to system load,
exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by test at the
time of summer peak demand. Auxiliary power of a typical
nuclear power plant is about 5% of gross generation.
130
Through 2007, the monthly capacity factors are calculated

as the monthly nuclear electricity net generation divided
by the maximum possible nuclear electricity net
generation for that month. The maximum possible nuclear
electricity net generation is the number of hours in the
month (assuming 24-hour days, with no adjustment for
changes to or from Daylight Savings Time) multiplied by
the net summer capacity of operable nuclear generating
units at the end of the month. That fraction is then
multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. Annual capacity
factors are calculated as the annual nuclear electricity net
generation divided by the annual maximum possible nuclear
electricity net generation (the sum of the monthly values for
maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation). For the
methodology used to calculate capacity factors beginning in
2008, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric
Power Monthly, Appendix C notes on Average Capacity
Factors.
Table 8.1 Sources

Total Operable Units and Net Summer Capacity of
Operable Units
19571982: Compiled from various sources, primarily U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Reactor Programs,
U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units:
Significant Milestones.
1983 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator
Report, and predecessor forms; Form EIA-860M,
Monthly Update to the Annual Electric Generator
Report; and monthly updates as appropriate. For a list
of operable units as of November 2011, see
http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/reactors/stats_table1.html.
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of
Capacity Factor
19732007: Calculated by EIA using the method described
above in Note 2.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric
Generator Report; Form EIA-860M, Monthly Update to
the Annual Electric Generator Report; and Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report.
9. Energy
Prices
Figure 9.1 Petroleum Prices

Crude Oil Prices, 19492014
120
Dollarsaper
perBarrel
Barrel
Dollars
100
80
60
Composite Refiner
Acquisition Cost
40
20
Domestic First
Purchase Price
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly

150
Dollarsa per Barrel
125
100
75
50
25
0
J
2013
F M A M J J
2014
A S O N D
2015
Dollarsa per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
Refiner Prices to End Users: Selected Products, October 2015

2000
1.850
1.702
1.473
1500
1.095
1000
0.479
500
NA
0
Finished Motor
Gasoline
a
No.2
Deisel Fuel
Kerosene-Type
Jet Fuel
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
132
Residual Fuel
Oil
Propane
(Consumer Grade)
No.2
Fuel Oil
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices.

Sources: Tables 9.1, 9.5, and 9.7.
Table 9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary

(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Refiner Acquisition Costb
Domestic First
Purchase Pricec
F.O.B. Cost
of Importsd
Landed Cost
of Importse
Domestic
Imported
Composite
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
2.51
2.77
2.88
2.86
3.18
7.67
21.59
24.09
20.03
14.62
26.72
21.84
22.51
27.56
36.77
50.28
59.69
66.52
94.04
56.35
74.71
95.73
94.52
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.18
32.37
25.84
20.37
15.69
26.27
20.46
22.63
25.86
33.75
47.60
57.03
66.36
90.32
57.78
74.19
101.66
99.78
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12.70
33.67
26.67
21.13
16.78
27.53
21.82
23.91
27.69
36.07
49.29
59.11
67.97
93.33
60.23
76.50
102.92
101.00
NA
NA
NA
NA
E 3.46
8.39
24.23
26.66
22.59
17.33
29.11
24.33
24.65
29.82
38.97
52.94
62.62
69.65
98.47
59.49
78.01
100.71
100.72
NA
NA
NA
NA
E 2.96
13.93
33.89
26.99
21.76
17.14
27.70
22.00
23.71
27.71
35.90
48.86
59.02
67.04
92.77
59.17
75.86
102.63
101.09
NA
NA
NA
NA
E 3.40
10.38
28.07
26.75
22.22
17.23
28.26
22.95
24.10
28.53
36.98
50.24
60.24
67.94
94.74
59.29
76.69
101.87
100.93
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
95.00
95.01
95.54
94.41
94.75
93.82
101.41
102.96
102.32
96.18
88.70
91.85
95.99
94.93
100.46
99.73
95.59
96.12
96.22
101.36
101.89
100.82
92.81
88.30
89.90
96.56
95.12
98.93
98.35
95.75
97.39
96.90
101.19
103.13
101.59
94.89
89.45
90.07
96.99
103.78
103.75
103.45
102.53
101.98
100.26
106.19
108.30
107.96
103.00
96.09
97.87
102.91
97.91
99.23
99.11
96.45
98.50
97.17
101.56
104.16
103.49
97.84
90.36
90.57
98.11
100.78
101.45
101.23
99.50
100.17
98.67
103.85
106.20
105.70
100.41
93.32
94.32
100.49
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
89.57
96.86
96.17
96.49
95.74
98.68
96.70
90.72
86.87
78.84
71.07
54.86
87.39
90.93
92.76
93.05
94.15
96.16
97.57
93.79
89.28
85.26
76.73
67.48
50.01
85.65
90.97
95.38
95.54
96.51
97.99
99.27
96.59
91.53
87.31
80.13
70.94
54.86
88.16
97.21
102.35
102.61
102.53
102.40
104.21
103.21
97.60
94.62
86.73
76.67
63.26
94.05
89.71
96.10
97.13
97.33
98.46
100.26
98.75
93.23
89.38
82.75
74.34
57.36
89.56
93.58
99.36
100.09
100.15
100.61
102.51
101.22
95.61
92.26
84.99
75.66
60.70
92.02
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
43.06
44.35
42.66
49.30
54.38
55.88
47.70
39.98
41.60
R 42.33
NA
40.09
43.86
43.58
48.31
53.45
53.57
45.53
R 37.17
R 36.93
R 38.49
NA
44.38
47.16
47.15
51.79
56.94
56.60
49.71
R 41.39
R 39.90
R 40.88
NA
48.90
50.30
48.69
54.86
59.39
61.06
54.15
46.30
R 46.68
R 46.92
E 44.34
44.74
47.20
47.27
51.63
57.66
58.90
52.42
43.23
R 41.13
R 42.05
E 38.70
47.00
48.97
48.06
53.51
58.66
60.12
53.41
44.97
R 44.38
R 44.72
E 41.79
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
a
b
c
d
e
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs," at end of section.
See Note 2, "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.
See Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section.
See Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed Costs," at end of section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Domestic first purchase prices and refinery acquisition costs for the
current two months are preliminary. F.O.B. and landed costs for the current three
months are preliminary. Through 1980, F.O.B. and landed costs reflect the
period of reporting; beginning in 1981, they reflect the period of loading. Annual
averages are the averages of the monthly prices, weighted by volume.
Geographic coverage is the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, and all U.S. Territories and Possessions.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices (Excel and
beginning in 1973.
133
Table 9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Selected Countries
Angola
Colombia
Mexico
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
United
Kingdom
Venezuela
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Total
OPECc
Total
Non-OPECc
1973 Averaged .................

1975 Average ..................
1980 Average ..................
1985 Average ..................
1990 Average ..................
1995 Average ..................
2000 Average ..................
2001 Average ..................
2002 Average ..................
2003 Average ..................
2004 Average ..................
2005 Average ..................
2006 Average ..................
2007 Average ..................
2008 Average ..................
2009 Average ..................
2010 Average ..................
2011 Average ..................
2012 Average ..................
W
10.97
33.45
26.30
20.23
16.58
27.90
23.25
24.09
28.22
37.26
52.48
62.23
67.80
95.66
57.07
78.18
111.82
111.23
20.75
16.73
29.04
24.25
24.64
28.89
37.73
51.89
59.77
67.93
91.17
57.90
72.56
100.21
106.43
11.44
31.06
25.33
19.26
15.64
25.39
18.89
21.60
24.83
31.55
43.00
52.91
61.35
84.61
56.47
72.46
100.90
101.84
7.81
11.82
35.93
28.04
22.46
17.40
28.70
24.85
25.38
29.40
38.71
55.95
65.69
76.64
102.06
64.61
80.83
115.35
114.51
3.25
10.87
28.17
22.04
20.36
W
24.62
18.98
23.92
25.03
34.08
47.96
56.09
W
93.03
57.87
76.44
107.08
106.65
34.36
27.64
23.43
16.94
27.21
23.30
24.50
28.76
37.30
54.48
66.03
69.96
96.33
65.63
W
5.39
11.04
24.81
23.64
19.55
13.86
24.45
18.01
20.13
23.81
31.78
46.39
55.80
64.10
88.06
55.58
70.30
97.23
100.15
3.68
10.88
28.92
23.31
18.54
W
24.72
18.89
23.38
25.17
33.08
47.21
56.02
69.93
91.44
59.53
75.65
106.47
105.45
5.43
11.34
32.21
25.67
20.40
15.36
25.56
19.73
22.18
25.36
33.95
49.60
59.18
69.58
93.15
58.53
75.23
105.34
104.39
4.80
10.62
32.85
25.96
20.32
16.02
26.77
21.04
22.93
26.21
33.58
45.79
55.35
62.69
87.15
57.16
73.24
98.49
95.71
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
W
W
W
W
103.46
103.67
W
W
113.86
W
W
107.71
106.99
106.45
101.31
99.58
98.97
98.56
102.20
105.59
103.16
W
W
95.50
101.24
100.16
108.25
105.16
99.94
99.06
97.16
101.27
100.97
100.14
93.76
88.56
90.25
98.40
W
W
111.03
W
106.45
W
W
111.28
W
110.06
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
103.53
98.96
91.38
95.97
101.16
97.15
104.06
101.60
95.01
95.48
95.71
100.32
101.12
100.37
95.72
91.79
92.46
97.52
105.30
105.22
108.10
100.50
98.46
97.42
101.21
104.10
103.22
98.48
92.02
94.88
100.62
102.42
106.93
105.77
98.68
98.72
98.45
102.36
103.69
104.44
97.38
93.23
94.41
100.57
91.11
96.65
94.09
93.14
93.99
94.59
100.54
100.42
98.42
89.45
84.76
87.24
93.67
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
95.84
96.04
W
98.61
98.75
99.03
100.11
92.38
86.08
72.47
70.25
50.95
80.75
89.30
91.77
91.38
93.22
95.31
98.20
94.65
91.17
88.50
79.79
71.87
53.20
86.55
W
W
99.21
102.26
101.25
99.76
100.58
104.95
105.25
99.74
94.98
85.77
W
W
95.60
89.69
92.88
92.27
95.26
96.67
98.19
92.45
89.22
83.20
74.19
65.55
45.33
84.51
98.44
100.70
100.67
99.02
98.89
102.49
103.81
98.95
93.59
85.04
W
60.65
94.03
94.85
97.51
97.19
99.15
98.29
100.67
97.43
93.30
88.39
79.29
71.14
52.49
89.76
87.56
89.73
90.59
90.49
94.58
95.67
91.37
86.68
83.11
75.20
65.49
48.59
82.95
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
42.49
51.02
47.32
55.92
59.04
57.39
46.62
R 42.35
W
W
40.70
47.75
46.15
50.28
56.14
56.56
50.75
R 40.40
R 40.50
40.26
48.14
W
W
58.87
W
W
W
R 43.38
44.49
W
37.99
45.85
43.51
49.03
51.99
50.34
44.44
R 35.47
R 36.30
38.44
52.21
46.60
49.25
52.28
57.52
59.62
50.08
R 43.01
R 43.87
40.25
42.64
47.12
45.17
50.12
54.12
53.96
46.33
R 38.21
R 39.85
39.70
38.64
42.31
42.69
47.39
53.09
53.35
45.18
R 36.63
R 35.08
37.67
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for
19732008, also includes Indonesia; for 19731992 and again beginning in 2008,
also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on
this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 19741995, also
includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 19751994);
and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in
"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
d Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
individual company data.
134
Notes: The Free on Board (F.O.B.) cost at the country of origin excludes all
costs related to insurance and transportation. See "F.O.B. (Free on Board)" in
Glossary, and Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. Values for the
current two months are preliminary. Through 1980, prices reflect the period of
reporting; beginning in 1981, prices reflect the period of loading.
Annual averages are averages of the monthly prices, including prices not
published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are purchased on a "netback"
basis, or under similar contractual arrangements whereby the actual purchase price
is not established at the time the crude oil is acquired for importation into the United
States, are not included in the published data until the actual prices have been
determined and reported. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Table 9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Selected Countries
Angola
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
United
Kingdom
Venezuela
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Total
OPECc
Total
Non-OPECc
1973 Averaged ...............

1975 Average ................
1980 Average ................
1985 Average ................
1990 Average ................
1995 Average ................
2000 Average ................
2001 Average ................
2002 Average ................
2003 Average ................
2004 Average ................
2005 Average ................
2006 Average ................
2007 Average ................
2008 Average ................
2009 Average ................
2010 Average ................
2011 Average ................
2012 Average ................
W
11.81
34.76
27.39
21.51
17.66
29.57
25.13
25.43
30.14
39.62
54.31
64.85
71.27
98.18
61.32
80.61
114.05
114.95
5.33
12.84
30.11
25.71
20.48
16.65
26.69
20.72
22.98
26.76
34.51
44.73
53.90
60.38
90.00
57.60
72.80
89.92
84.24
22.34
17.45
29.68
25.88
25.28
30.55
39.03
53.42
62.13
70.91
93.43
58.50
74.25
102.57
107.07
12.61
31.77
25.63
19.64
16.19
26.03
19.37
22.09
25.48
32.25
43.47
53.76
62.31
85.97
57.35
72.86
101.21
102.45
9.08
12.70
37.15
28.96
23.33
18.25
30.04
26.55
26.45
31.07
40.95
57.55
68.26
78.01
104.83
68.01
83.14
116.43
116.88
5.37
12.50
29.80
24.72
21.82
16.84
26.58
20.98
24.77
27.50
37.11
50.31
59.19
70.78
94.75
62.14
79.29
108.83
108.15
35.68
28.36
22.65
17.91
29.26
25.32
26.35
30.62
39.28
55.28
67.44
72.47
96.95
63.87
80.29
118.45
W
5.99
12.36
25.92
24.43
20.31
14.81
26.05
19.81
21.93
25.70
33.79
47.87
57.37
66.13
90.76
57.78
72.43
100.14
101.58
5.91
12.64
30.59
25.50
20.55
16.78
26.77
20.73
24.13
27.54
36.53
49.68
58.92
69.83
93.59
62.15
78.60
108.01
107.74
6.85
12.70
33.56
26.86
21.23
16.61
27.29
21.52
23.83
27.70
36.84
51.36
61.21
71.14
95.49
61.90
78.28
107.84
107.56
5.64
12.70
33.99
26.53
20.98
16.95
27.80
22.17
23.97
27.68
35.29
47.31
57.14
63.96
90.59
58.58
74.68
98.64
95.05
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
115.79
115.90
110.56
105.56
106.47
106.73
110.43
111.88
113.92
W
110.50
113.16
110.81
75.30
76.46
79.51
83.06
86.92
88.30
94.14
98.63
95.02
85.36
77.34
75.23
84.41
106.36
109.28
105.37
101.42
100.70
99.36
102.47
106.04
105.76
102.29
97.30
97.41
103.00
101.04
108.95
106.36
100.62
99.92
97.56
101.87
101.52
100.70
94.35
89.19
91.11
99.06
120.99
117.89
113.36
106.07
108.12
108.38
W
114.47
115.21
W
W
112.87
108.57
108.75
107.59
102.28
101.54
101.41
104.13
104.62
101.16
98.68
96.12
99.29
102.60
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
111.23
99.04
105.54
103.35
96.19
97.44
97.44
101.65
102.95
102.09
97.60
94.42
94.83
99.34
107.02
107.96
107.94
102.30
101.35
101.26
103.15
104.15
101.94
99.31
96.57
98.30
102.53
106.84
108.86
107.50
101.76
101.63
101.21
103.96
104.91
104.10
99.53
96.32
98.02
102.98
86.31
90.59
90.13
90.88
93.52
93.48
98.64
101.58
99.35
91.23
83.89
84.14
91.99
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
W
110.96
107.52
108.70
W
W
W
103.69
99.49
90.74
80.21
61.33
99.25
78.21
87.98
89.40
89.01
91.77
93.03
90.27
83.93
81.27
76.38
66.85
50.82
81.30
97.87
98.59
98.71
99.68
101.24
102.61
101.68
95.70
91.03
80.37
73.37
56.17
88.29
90.85
92.92
92.44
94.01
96.12
99.36
95.61
92.07
89.25
80.42
73.18
53.54
87.48
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
102.16
101.30
102.62
102.15
102.48
103.03
104.11
103.01
98.80
93.39
79.85
72.72
58.56
94.91
W
W
W
W
92.53
95.33
94.63
97.08
98.35
99.78
94.12
91.64
84.78
75.72
67.59
47.86
86.88
100.18
101.54
101.68
102.07
102.03
102.78
102.39
99.98
93.81
83.84
75.10
62.29
95.30
98.30
100.41
100.36
101.81
101.54
102.39
100.17
97.19
91.07
82.50
73.17
58.35
93.10
84.91
91.27
92.15
91.99
94.96
97.01
94.03
88.15
85.08
78.56
69.65
52.75
84.67
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
W
W
W
W
60.84
61.45
53.22
54.02
R 53.46
49.26
40.23
42.17
41.62
46.43
53.83
55.25
47.78
R 38.30
R 35.29
38.22
45.57
53.18
51.25
57.67
60.46
58.08
52.53
R 43.87
R 42.81
42.52
41.18
48.00
46.99
51.89
56.75
57.15
51.26
R 41.94
R 40.71
40.53
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
50.10
52.36
55.32
59.87
61.94
58.56
51.53
R 45.24
R 46.03
44.74
W
W
W
40.08
47.93
45.90
52.17
53.78
52.43
46.74
R 38.75
R 37.93
40.00
52.99
52.12
54.38
56.96
60.74
58.27
51.92
R 45.70
R 45.90
43.19
48.17
51.38
51.07
55.29
58.94
56.79
50.38
R 43.17
R 43.53
42.51
42.14
44.56
44.63
49.50
55.68
56.48
49.33
R 40.41
R 37.80
39.80

c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for
19732008, also includes Indonesia; for 19731992 and again beginning in 2008,
also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on
this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 19741995, also
includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 19751994);
and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in
"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
d Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
Notes: See "Landed Costs" in Glossary, and Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed
Costs," at end of section. Values for the current two months are preliminary.
Through 1980, prices reflect the period of reporting; beginning in 1981, prices
reflect the period of loading. Annual averages are averages of the monthly
prices, including prices not published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are
purchased on a "netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements
whereby the actual purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is
acquired for importation into the United States, are not included in the published
data until the actual prices have been determined and reported. U.S. geographic
Sources: October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration,
Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." October 1977December
1977:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0,
"Transfer Pricing Report." 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2008,
Table 22. 2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, January 2016,
Table 22.
135
Table 9.4 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices
(Dollarsa per Gallon, Including Taxes)
Platts / Bureau of Labor Statistics Data
U.S. Energy Information Administration Data
Motor Gasoline by Grade
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type
Leaded
Regular
Unleaded
Regular
Unleaded
Premiumb
All Gradesc
Conventional
Gasoline Areasd
Reformulated
Gasoline Arease
All Areas
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
0.268
.291
.311
.312
.357
.567
1.191
1.115
1.149
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.245
1.202
1.164
1.147
1.510
1.461
1.358
1.591
1.880
2.295
2.589
2.801
3.266
2.350
2.788
3.527
3.644
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.340
1.349
1.336
1.693
1.657
1.556
1.777
2.068
2.491
2.805
3.033
3.519
2.607
3.047
3.792
3.922
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.221
1.196
1.217
1.205
1.563
1.531
1.441
1.638
1.923
2.338
2.635
2.849
3.317
2.401
2.836
3.577
3.695
NA
1.103
1.462
1.384
1.313
1.516
1.812
2.240
2.533
2.767
3.213
2.315
2.742
3.476
3.552
NA
1.163
1.543
1.498
1.408
1.655
1.937
2.335
2.654
2.857
3.314
2.433
2.864
3.616
3.757
NA
1.111
1.484
1.420
1.345
1.561
1.852
2.270
2.572
2.796
3.246
2.353
2.782
3.521
3.618
NA
1.109
1.491
1.401
1.319
1.509
1.810
2.402
2.705
2.885
3.803
2.467
2.992
3.840
3.968
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
3.351
3.693
3.735
3.590
3.623
3.633
3.628
3.600
3.556
3.375
3.251
3.277
3.526
3.646
3.990
4.038
3.901
3.936
3.957
3.951
3.919
3.881
3.702
3.585
3.604
3.843
3.407
3.748
3.792
3.647
3.682
3.693
3.687
3.658
3.616
3.434
3.310
3.333
3.584
3.255
3.605
3.648
3.501
3.565
3.576
3.515
3.515
3.474
3.285
3.186
3.209
3.443
3.452
3.807
3.845
3.714
3.720
3.731
3.751
3.697
3.656
3.468
3.362
3.418
3.635
3.319
3.670
3.711
3.570
3.615
3.626
3.591
3.574
3.532
3.344
3.243
3.276
3.505
3.909
4.111
4.068
3.930
3.870
3.849
3.866
3.905
3.961
3.885
3.839
3.882
3.922
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
3.320
3.364
3.532
3.659
3.691
3.695
3.633
3.481
3.403
3.182
2.887
2.560
3.367
3.651
3.694
3.858
3.986
4.020
4.027
3.976
3.835
3.758
3.547
3.262
2.940
3.713
3.378
3.422
3.590
3.717
3.745
3.750
3.690
3.540
3.463
3.241
2.945
2.618
3.425
3.252
3.305
3.474
3.590
3.601
3.626
3.539
3.425
3.354
3.120
2.875
2.488
3.299
3.438
3.464
3.658
3.809
3.824
3.831
3.763
3.616
3.516
3.277
2.990
2.657
3.481
3.313
3.356
3.533
3.661
3.673
3.692
3.611
3.487
3.406
3.171
2.912
2.543
3.358
3.893
3.984
4.001
3.964
3.943
3.906
3.884
3.838
3.792
3.681
3.647
3.411
3.825
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
2.110
2.249
2.483
2.485
2.775
2.832
2.832
2.679
2.394
2.289
2.185
2.060
.001
2.497
2.621
2.867
2.868
3.166
3.218
3.252
3.120
2.860
2.749
2.640
2.532
.001
2.170
2.308
2.544
2.545
2.832
2.889
2.893
2.745
2.463
2.357
2.249
2.125
2.618
2.046
2.152
2.352
2.369
2.578
2.700
2.666
2.522
2.275
2.230
2.088
1.946
2.334
2.262
2.351
2.697
2.679
3.014
3.014
3.061
2.876
2.555
2.414
2.304
2.230
2.629
2.116
2.216
2.464
2.469
2.718
2.802
2.794
2.636
2.365
2.290
2.158
2.038
2.429
2.997
2.858
2.897
2.782
2.888
2.873
2.788
2.595
2.505
2.519
2.467
2.309
2.707
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
b The 1981 average (available in Web file) is based on September through
December data only.

c Also includes grades of motor gasoline not shown separately.
d Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
e "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated
gasoline (RFG). Areas are reclassified each time a shift in or out of an RFG
program occurs due to federal or state regulations.
NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. See "Motor
Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated,"
and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary. Geographic coverage: for
columns 14, current coverage is 85 urban areas; for columns 57, coverage is the
50 states and the District of Columbia; for column 8, coverage is the 48 contiguous
136

beginning in 1973.
Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade, Monthly Data: October 1973
forwardU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. City
Average Gasoline Prices.
Motor Gasoline by Grade, Annual Data:

19491973Platts Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974, 51st Edition. 1974
forwardcalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) as simple
averages of the BLS monthly data. Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type:
EIA, calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly
U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA,
calculated as simple averages of weighted weekly estimates from "Weekly Retail
On-Highway Diesel Prices."
Table 9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil

(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Residual Fuel Oil
Sulfur Content Less
Than or Equal to 1 %
Residual Fuel Oil

Sulfur Content
Greater Than 1 %
Average
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.293
.608
.610
.472
.383
.627
.523
.546
.728
.764
1.115
1.202
1.406
1.918
1.337
1.756
2.389
2.548
0.314
.675
.644
.505
.436
.708
.642
.640
.804
.835
1.168
1.342
1.436
2.144
1.413
1.920
2.736
3.025
0.245
.479
.560
.372
.338
.512
.428
.508
.588
.601
.842
1.085
1.314
1.843
1.344
1.679
2.316
2.429
0.275
.523
.582
.400
.377
.566
.492
.544
.651
.692
.974
1.173
1.350
1.889
1.306
1.619
2.257
2.433
0.263
.528
.577
.413
.363
.566
.476
.530
.661
.681
.971
1.136
1.350
1.866
1.342
1.697
2.336
2.457
0.298
.607
.610
.444
.392
.602
.531
.569
.698
.739
1.048
1.218
1.374
1.964
1.341
1.713
2.401
2.592
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.530
2.571
2.479
2.354
2.316
2.285
2.282
2.331
2.359
2.338
2.296
2.315
2.363
2.874
3.017
2.949
2.875
2.839
2.785
2.768
2.759
2.839
NA
NA
NA
2.883
2.328
2.388
2.294
2.214
2.213
2.214
2.225
2.258
2.265
2.232
2.190
2.177
2.249
2.333
2.402
2.320
2.238
2.421
2.385
2.280
2.411
2.412
2.364
2.328
2.353
2.353
2.388
2.415
2.346
2.246
2.240
2.234
2.242
2.277
2.286
2.255
2.224
2.209
2.278
2.475
2.578
2.517
2.354
2.507
2.454
2.384
2.500
2.513
2.532
2.492
2.458
2.482
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.337
2.459
2.470
2.401
2.350
2.358
2.287
2.148
2.100
1.893
1.639
1.237
2.153
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.902
2.888
2.977
W
2.756
2.573
2.294
1.916
2.694
2.117
2.139
2.175
2.149
2.198
2.247
2.186
2.130
2.068
1.858
1.604
1.310
1.996
2.400
2.459
2.376
2.323
2.304
2.314
2.324
2.350
2.255
2.099
1.848
1.611
2.221
2.173
2.207
2.255
2.226
2.267
2.293
2.223
2.136
2.077
1.866
1.611
1.287
2.044
2.481
2.532
2.476
2.464
2.420
2.423
2.455
2.471
2.362
2.194
1.946
1.676
2.325
2015 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
.936
1.150
1.093
1.124
1.198
1.175
1.080
.797
R .819
.844
NA
NA
NA
1.704
NA
W
W
W
W
NA
1.038
1.124
1.131
1.114
1.242
1.239
1.130
.928
R .856
.841
1.192
1.342
1.436
1.465
1.443
1.474
1.245
1.150
1.063
1.042
1.023
1.126
1.126
1.114
1.234
1.233
1.122
.918
R .852
.841
1.264
1.376
1.465
1.516
1.543
1.549
1.363
1.207
1.107
1.095
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
commercial consumers. Values for the current month are preliminary.
Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
estimates.
See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section.
beginning in 1982.
Sources: 19782007: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2007, Table 17.
2008 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, January 2016, Table 16.
137
Table 9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale

Finished
Motor
Gasolineb
Finished
Aviation
Gasoline
KeroseneType
Jet Fuel
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.434
.941
.835
.786
.626
.963
.886
.828
1.002
1.288
1.670
1.969
2.182
2.586
1.767
2.165
2.867
2.929
0.537
1.128
1.130
1.063
.975
1.330
1.256
1.146
1.288
1.627
2.076
2.490
2.758
3.342
2.480
2.874
3.739
3.919
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.676
3.020
2.987
2.853
2.951
2.882
2.942
2.890
2.792
2.632
2.544
2.581
2.812
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2015 January ........................
February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Kerosene
No. 2
Fuel
Oil
No. 2
Diesel
Fuel
Propane
(Consumer
Grade)
0.386
.868
.794
.773
.539
.880
.763
.716
.871
1.208
1.723
1.961
2.171
3.020
1.719
2.185
3.014
3.080
0.404
.864
.874
.839
.580
.969
.821
.752
.955
1.271
1.757
2.007
2.249
2.851
1.844
2.299
3.065
3.163
0.369
.803
.776
.697
.511
.886
.756
.694
.881
1.125
1.623
1.834
2.072
2.745
1.657
2.147
2.907
3.031
0.365
.801
.772
.694
.538
.898
.784
.724
.883
1.187
1.737
2.012
2.203
2.994
1.713
2.214
3.034
3.109
0.237
.415
.398
.386
.344
.595
.540
.431
.607
.751
.933
1.031
1.194
1.437
.921
1.212
1.467
1.033
3.685
4.058
4.085
3.962
4.068
3.950
4.017
4.025
3.854
3.656
3.467
3.508
3.869
3.093
3.250
3.036
2.884
2.763
2.784
2.899
2.995
3.017
2.928
2.868
2.978
2.953
3.334
3.474
3.137
2.889
2.793
2.806
2.996
3.055
3.057
3.029
2.995
3.164
3.084
3.069
3.168
2.977
2.793
2.708
2.741
2.894
2.954
2.973
2.955
2.910
3.011
2.966
3.046
3.259
3.082
2.969
2.958
2.923
3.015
3.084
3.095
3.006
2.949
2.998
3.028
.928
.953
.952
.949
.932
.861
.903
1.059
1.114
1.154
1.219
1.342
1.048
2.604
2.699
2.855
2.981
2.951
3.001
2.855
2.759
2.669
2.333
2.111
1.634
2.618
3.538
3.712
3.865
3.940
3.881
4.056
3.914
3.799
3.803
3.548
3.163
2.635
3.687
2.964
2.981
2.939
2.911
2.932
2.917
2.882
2.882
2.823
2.547
2.410
1.998
2.763
3.237
3.353
3.153
2.938
2.939
2.926
2.863
2.922
2.851
2.687
2.594
2.195
2.882
3.059
3.051
2.979
2.911
2.883
2.878
2.825
2.784
2.701
2.476
2.371
2.050
2.741
2.981
3.091
3.031
3.027
2.987
2.973
2.921
2.900
2.806
2.639
2.558
1.980
2.812
1.641
1.654
1.198
1.121
1.057
1.054
1.075
1.055
1.097
1.044
.966
.819
1.165
1.366
1.637
1.770
1.835
2.080
2.121
2.072
1.838
1.609
1.558
2.324
2.529
2.801
2.827
3.050
3.259
3.217
2.980
2.586
2.475
1.612
1.722
1.731
1.709
1.933
1.813
1.655
1.479
1.443
1.450
1.900
2.233
2.098
1.800
1.929
1.871
1.701
1.494
1.509
1.555
1.669
1.850
1.847
1.740
1.852
1.813
1.654
1.461
1.438
1.412
1.616
1.861
1.815
1.805
1.973
1.881
1.729
1.562
1.551
1.573
.713
.748
.689
.566
.475
.404
.405
.402
.469
.524
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.
Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are shown in Table 9.7; they are sales made
directly to ultimate consumers, including bulk consumers (such as agriculture,
industry, and electric utilities) and residential and commercial consumers. Values
for the current month are preliminary. Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum
138
Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1982.
Table 9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users

Finished
Motor
Gasolineb
Finished
Aviation
Gasoline
KeroseneType
Jet Fuel
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.484
1.035
.912
.883
.765
1.106
1.032
.947
1.156
1.435
1.829
2.128
2.345
2.775
1.888
2.301
3.050
3.154
0.516
1.084
1.201
1.120
1.005
1.306
1.323
1.288
1.493
1.819
2.231
2.682
2.849
3.273
2.442
3.028
3.803
3.971
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.850
3.221
3.233
3.102
3.188
3.184
3.146
3.097
3.059
2.893
2.759
2.759
3.049
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2015 January ........................
February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Kerosene
No. 2
Fuel
Oil
No. 2
Diesel
Fuel
Propane
(Consumer
Grade)
0.387
.868
.796
.766
.540
.899
.775
.721
.872
1.207
1.735
1.998
2.165
3.052
1.704
2.201
3.054
3.104
0.421
.902
1.030
.923
.589
1.123
1.045
.990
1.224
1.160
1.957
2.244
2.263
3.283
2.675
3.063
3.616
3.843
0.400
.788
.849
.734
.562
.927
.829
.737
.933
1.173
1.705
1.982
2.241
2.986
1.962
2.462
3.193
3.358
0.377
.818
.789
.725
.560
.935
.842
.762
.944
1.243
1.786
2.096
2.267
3.150
1.834
2.314
3.117
3.202
0.335
.482
.717
.745
.492
.603
.506
.419
.577
.839
1.089
1.358
1.489
1.892
1.220
1.481
1.709
1.139
W
4.060
4.022
3.860
3.900
4.191
4.224
4.298
3.982
3.653
3.674
3.678
3.932
3.117
3.294
3.070
2.922
2.787
2.813
2.908
3.002
3.040
2.931
2.883
3.008
2.979
3.790
3.887
3.869
3.836
3.786
3.634
3.840
3.707
3.849
3.852
3.847
W
3.842
3.341
3.498
3.314
3.217
3.222
3.172
3.244
3.314
3.327
NA
NA
3.578
3.335
3.129
3.339
3.204
3.090
3.058
3.028
3.099
3.169
3.184
3.085
3.030
3.055
3.122
.891
.925
.943
.971
.953
.876
.935
1.074
1.115
1.169
1.222
1.322
1.028
2.816
2.913
3.104
3.214
3.245
3.265
3.128
3.016
2.936
2.670
2.406
2.013
2.855
W
4.142
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
3.986
2.987
2.994
2.942
2.931
2.965
2.945
2.906
2.916
2.834
2.576
2.433
2.028
2.772
W
W
4.067
4.108
4.056
W
3.965
3.903
W
W
W
W
W
3.591
3.687
3.621
3.572
3.546
3.493
3.428
3.408
3.324
NA
3.213
2.901
3.329
3.024
3.139
3.115
3.109
3.081
3.064
3.030
3.012
2.925
2.802
2.700
2.193
2.923
1.457
1.513
1.137
1.122
1.056
1.072
1.063
1.038
1.074
.994
.904
.690
1.097
1.673
1.858
2.054
2.058
2.322
2.374
2.338
2.218
1.920
1.850
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
1.633
1.747
1.766
1.739
1.979
1.855
1.694
1.516
1.465
1.473
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
2.996
W
NA
2.204
2.141
NA
2.308
2.321
2.207
2.046
1.949
NA
1.819
1.979
1.962
1.939
2.090
2.021
1.913
1.737
1.693
1.702
.566
.671
.619
.575
.465
.393
.405
.387
.468
.479
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.
NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company

data.
Notes: Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers. Sales for resale are shown in Table 9.6;
they are sales made to purchasers other than ultimate consumers. Values for
the current month are preliminary. Through 1982, prices are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum

Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
beginning in 1982.
139
Figure 9.2 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour)
By Sector, 19602014
14
Residential
12
Commercial
10
8
Transportation
Otherb
6
4
Industrial
2
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Sector, Monthly
14
Residential
12
Commercial
10
Transportation
8
Industrial
6
4
2
0
J
F M A M
J J A
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2014
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2015
S O N D
12
15
10.11
10.50
10.49
12.73
12
10.70
10.01
9
6.88
6
3
3
0
2013
2014
2015
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Price in Glossary.
Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agricultural and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
b
140
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Note: Includes taxes.

Source: Table 9.8.
Table 9.8 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Residential
Commercialb
Industrialc
Transportationd
Othere
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
2.60
2.40
2.20
3.50
5.40
7.39
7.83
8.40
8.24
8.58
8.44
8.72
8.95
9.45
10.40
10.65
11.26
11.51
11.54
11.72
11.88
2.40
2.20
2.10
3.50
5.50
7.27
7.34
7.69
7.43
7.92
7.89
8.03
8.17
8.67
9.46
9.65
10.26
10.16
10.19
10.24
10.09
1.10
1.00
1.00
2.10
3.70
4.97
4.74
4.66
4.64
5.05
4.88
5.11
5.25
5.73
6.16
6.39
6.96
6.83
6.77
6.82
6.67
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.54
7.18
8.57
9.54
9.70
10.71
10.66
10.56
10.46
10.21
1.90
1.80
1.80
3.10
4.80
6.09
6.40
6.88
6.56
7.20
6.75
1.80
1.70
1.70
2.90
4.70
6.44
6.57
6.89
6.81
7.29
7.20
7.44
7.61
8.14
8.90
9.13
9.74
9.82
9.83
9.90
9.84
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
11.46
11.63
11.61
11.93
12.40
12.54
12.65
12.53
12.51
12.36
12.10
11.72
12.13
9.77
10.06
10.02
9.96
10.22
10.65
10.70
10.69
10.53
10.28
10.03
9.96
10.26
6.50
6.66
6.64
6.58
6.75
7.25
7.45
7.37
7.22
6.87
6.65
6.66
6.89
10.53
10.56
10.25
10.28
10.50
10.76
10.97
10.77
10.88
10.46
10.49
10.20
10.55
9.64
9.77
9.71
9.66
9.92
10.45
10.69
10.58
10.43
10.02
9.79
9.86
10.07
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
R 11.65
11.94
R 12.25
R 12.31
12.85
R 12.99
R 13.09
13.04
12.95
12.60
12.48
R 12.17
12.52
10.35
10.68
10.65
10.46
10.54
10.96
11.17
R 11.05
R 11.16
R 10.83
10.52
R 10.36
10.74
R 6.98
R 7.12
R 6.99
R 6.77
R 6.83
R 7.39
R 7.62
R 7.51
R 7.37
R 7.10
10.93
10.41
10.43
10.23
10.06
10.60
10.68
10.02
11.02
10.27
10.20
10.48
10.45
2015 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
12.09
12.28
12.35
12.64
12.95
12.93
12.99
12.93
13.06
12.73
12.69
10.27
10.59
10.57
10.32
10.42
10.81
11.02
10.90
10.94
10.70
10.67
6.63
6.90
6.81
6.60
6.71
7.10
7.44
7.32
7.18
6.88
6.97
10.59
10.70
10.17
9.81
9.87
10.25
10.45
10.20
10.32
10.01
10.25
10.18
10.38
10.30
10.02
10.21
10.64
10.97
10.86
10.81
10.33
10.49

12.56
12.17
10.80
10.31
7.18
6.94
10.47
10.60
10.50
10.11
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
b Commercial sector. For 19602002, prices exclude public street and highway
lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
c Industrial sector. For 19602002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.
e Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads
and railways.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by
"Transportation," and the categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been
redefined. Prices are calculated by dividing revenue by sales. Revenue may not
correspond to sales for a particular month because of energy service provider
billing and accounting procedures. That lack of correspondence could result in
uncharacteristic increases or decreases in the monthly prices. Prices include
state and local taxes, energy or demand charges, customer service charges,
environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing
operations. Prices do not include deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments,
such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from previous reporting periods.
Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities only.
7.07
R 6.75
6.70
10.12
R 10.33
R 10.28
R 10.00
R 10.21
R 10.75
11.03
R 10.91
R 10.83
R 10.34
R 10.13
10.12
R 10.44
(Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or more; Class B
utilities are those with operating revenues between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For
19801982, data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric operating
revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are
for a selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census
of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, data also include energy service providers
selling to retail customers. See Note 7, "Electricity Retail Prices," at end of
section for plant coverage, and for information on preliminary and final values.
beginning in 1976.
Sources: 1960September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5,
"Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." October
1977February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form
FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." March
19801982: FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric
Utility Company Monthly Statement." 19842010: EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual
Electric Power Industry Report." 2011 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
December 2015, Table 5.3.
141
Figure 9.3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Costs, 19732014
25
20
15
Residual Fuel Oil
10
Natural Gas
5
Coal
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Costs, Monthly
25
Residual Fuel Oil
20
15
10
Natural Gas
Coal
0
J
F M A M
J J
2013
S O N D
F M A M
J J A
2014
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2015
S O N D
By Fuel Type
25
October 2013
22.85
20
20.09
October 2014
October 2015
19.71
17.19
15
12.60
10
7.74
4.11
4.10
2.91
2.34
2.31
2.14
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Prices are not adjusted for inflation.

Glossary.
142
1.79
0
a
2.13
See Nominal Dollars in
Natural Gas
Coal
Petroleum Coke

Source: Table 9.9.
Table 9.9 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Petroleum
Coal
Residual Fuel Oilb
Distillate Fuel Oilc
Petroleum Coke
Totald
Natural Gase
All Fossil Fuelsf
1973 Average ....................

1975 Average ....................
1980 Average ....................
1985 Average ....................
1990 Average ....................
1995 Average ....................
2000 Average ....................
2001 Average ....................
2002 Averageg ...................
2003 Average ....................
2004 Average ....................
2005 Average ....................
2006 Average ....................
2007 Average ....................
2008 Average ....................
2009 Average ....................
2010 Average ....................
2011 Average ....................
2012 Average ....................
0.41
.81
1.35
1.65
1.45
1.32
1.20
1.23
1.25
1.28
1.36
1.54
1.69
1.77
2.07
2.21
2.27
2.39
2.38
0.79
2.01
4.27
4.24
3.32
2.59
4.29
3.73
3.73
4.66
4.73
7.06
7.85
8.64
13.62
8.98
12.57
18.35
21.03
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.38
3.99
6.65
6.30
5.34
6.82
8.02
11.72
13.28
14.85
21.46
13.22
16.61
22.46
23.49
NA
NA
NA
NA
.80
.65
.58
.78
.78
.72
.83
1.11
1.33
1.51
2.11
1.61
2.28
3.03
2.24
0.80
2.02
4.35
4.32
3.35
2.57
4.18
3.69
3.34
4.33
4.29
6.44
6.23
7.17
10.87
7.02
9.54
12.48
12.48
0.34
.75
2.20
3.44
2.32
1.98
4.30
4.49
3.56
5.39
5.96
8.21
6.94
7.11
9.01
4.74
5.09
4.72
3.42
0.48
1.04
1.93
2.09
1.69
1.45
1.74
1.73
1.86
2.28
2.48
3.25
3.02
3.23
4.12
3.04
3.26
3.29
2.83
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2.34
2.34
2.35
2.37
2.37
2.36
2.31
2.33
2.35
2.34
2.33
2.34
2.34
19.13
19.70
19.38
20.23
19.53
19.67
18.76
18.59
18.92
19.71
18.85
19.67
19.26
22.94
23.84
23.87
22.96
22.60
22.37
23.10
23.24
23.55
22.85
22.74
22.81
23.03
2.04
2.09
2.08
2.28
2.34
2.42
2.29
2.25
2.17
2.13
1.91
2.02
2.18
12.44
12.66
14.34
9.67
10.75
10.04
11.38
11.74
10.06
11.22
12.88
11.18
11.57
4.38
4.39
4.30
4.67
4.62
4.42
4.20
3.91
4.08
4.11
4.19
4.91
4.33
3.08
3.09
3.09
3.15
3.15
3.14
3.11
2.99
3.02
2.99
3.01
3.26
3.09
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2.29
2.32
2.36
2.39
2.40
2.38
2.38
2.37
2.37
2.31
2.30
2.51
2.37
19.65
20.05
20.61
20.88
19.98
20.38
20.57
19.89
18.64
17.19
14.64
12.10
18.30
23.12
23.97
23.83
22.82
22.77
22.72
22.36
21.94
21.38
20.09
19.68
16.50
21.88
1.82
W
2.02
2.13
2.19
2.07
1.90
1.97
1.92
1.79
1.86
2.00
W
16.63
W
12.63
10.14
9.91
10.67
10.07
9.77
9.93
10.67
10.50
8.15
W
7.02
7.40
6.00
5.07
4.93
4.84
4.43
4.12
4.20
4.10
4.48
4.36
5.00
4.07
W
3.52
3.23
3.25
3.27
3.17
3.06
3.06
2.96
3.06
3.14
W
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
2.29
2.26
2.26
2.25
2.26
2.25
2.21
2.23
2.22
2.14
12.25
10.27
10.54
11.82
10.82
12.19
11.34
11.23
8.55
7.74
13.37
16.41
15.55
14.82
15.31
15.28
14.35
13.02
12.00
12.60
2.03
1.79
2.03
1.99
2.05
1.89
1.93
1.85
1.76
W
7.13
9.02
8.53
6.93
7.03
7.83
6.17
6.41
5.79
5.85
4.10
4.67
3.54
3.09
3.14
3.11
3.11
3.10
3.06
2.91
2.93
3.20
W
2.59
2.64
2.65
2.63
2.62
2.58
W
b For 19732001, electric utility data are for heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and
small amounts of fuel oil no. 4).

c For 19732001, electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2).
d For all years, includes residual fuel oil and distillate fuel oil. For 1990 forward,
also includes petroleum coke. For 19732012, also includes jet fuel, kerosene, and
waste oil. For 19832012, also includes other petroleum, such as propane and
refined motor oil.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. For
19732000, data also include a small amount of blast furnace gas and other gases
derived from fossil fuels.
f Weighted average of costs shown under "Coal," "Petroleum," and "Natural
Gas."
g Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers, and electric generating plants in the
commercial and industrial sectors.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company
data.
Notes: Receipts are purchases of fuel. Yearly costs are averages of
monthly values, weighted by quantities in Btu. For this table, there are several
breaks in the data series related to what plants and fuels are covered. Beginning in
2013, data cover all regulated generating plants; plus unregulated plants whose
total fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 megawatts or more for coal,
and 200 megawatts or more for natural gas, residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and
petroleum coke. For data coverage before 2013, see EIA, Electric Power Monthly,
Appendix C, Form EIA-923 notes, Receipts and cost and quality of fossil fuels
section. Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
143
Figure 9.4
Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Wellhead and Citygate, 19492014

10
Citygate
8
6
4
Wellhead
2
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consuming Sectors, 19672014

14
12
10
8
Residentialb
Commercialb
6
4
2
Industrialb
Electric Powerb
Transportation
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consuming Sectors, Monthly

20
Residentialb
15
Commercialb
10
Industrialb
5
Electric Powerb
0
J
F M A M
S O N D
F M A M
2013
a
b
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
Includes taxes.
144
S O N D
F M A M
2014
S O N D
2015

Source: Table 9.10.
Table 9.10 Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Consuming Sectorsb
Commercialc
Residential
Industriald
Wellhead
Pricef
Citygate
Priceg
Priceh
Percentage
of Sectori
Priceh
Percentage
of Sectori
Priceh
0.07
.10
.14
.16
.17
.44
1.59
2.51
1.71
1.55
3.68
4.00
2.95
4.88
5.46
7.33
6.39
6.25
7.97
3.67
4.48
3.95
E 2.66
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.75
3.03
2.78
4.62
5.72
4.12
5.85
6.65
8.67
8.61
8.16
9.18
6.48
6.18
5.63
4.73
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.09
1.71
3.68
6.12
5.80
6.06
7.76
9.63
7.89
9.63
10.75
12.70
13.73
13.08
13.89
12.14
11.39
11.03
10.65
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99.2
99.0
92.6
92.4
97.9
97.5
97.7
98.1
98.1
98.0
97.5
97.4
97.4
96.3
95.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
.77
1.35
3.39
5.50
4.83
5.05
6.59
8.43
6.63
8.40
9.43
11.34
12.00
11.34
12.23
10.06
9.47
8.91
8.10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
86.6
76.7
63.9
66.0
77.4
78.2
78.0
82.1
80.8
80.4
79.7
77.8
77.5
67.3
65.2
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.52
4.56
4.75
5.16
5.55
5.74
5.51
5.24
5.21
4.88
4.78
4.93
4.88
9.15
9.23
9.35
10.43
12.61
15.02
16.30
16.43
15.69
12.38
10.04
9.14
10.32
96.1
95.7
95.6
95.3
95.6
95.5
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.7
95.8
95.8
95.7
7.75
7.78
7.77
8.15
8.71
9.07
9.04
9.04
8.80
8.28
7.94
7.81
8.08
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.56
6.41
6.57
5.64
5.90
6.05
5.99
5.49
5.51
5.16
4.91
5.15
5.71
9.26
9.77
10.70
11.76
13.60
16.13
17.23
17.41
16.27
13.11
10.19
10.01
10.97
95.7
95.5
95.4
95.3
95.4
95.5
95.5
95.6
95.6
95.3
95.8
95.6
95.5
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.48
4.55
4.34
3.92
4.21
4.43
R 4.65
R 4.57
4.55
4.00
4.39
9.50
9.10

NA
NA
5.93
4.89
1950 Average
1955 Average
1960 Average
1965 Average
1970 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
Electric Powere
Transportation
Percentage
of Sectori
Vehicle Fuelj
Priceh
Priceh
Percentage
of Sectori,k
NA
NA
NA
NA
.37
.96
2.56
3.95
2.93
2.71
4.45
5.24
4.02
5.89
6.53
8.56
7.87
7.68
9.65
5.33
5.49
5.13
3.88
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
68.8
35.2
24.5
19.8
20.8
22.7
22.1
23.6
24.0
23.4
22.2
20.4
18.8
18.0
16.3
16.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.39
3.98
5.54
6.60
5.10
6.19
7.16
9.14
8.72
8.50
11.75
8.13
6.25
7.48
8.04
NA
NA
NA
NA
.29
.77
2.27
3.55
2.38
2.02
4.38
4.61
e 3.68
5.57
6.11
8.47
7.11
7.31
9.26
4.93
5.27
4.89
3.54
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
96.1
96.9
94.0
76.8
71.4
50.5
40.2
83.9
91.2
89.8
91.3
93.4
92.2
101.1
101.1
100.8
101.2
95.5
70.2
69.7
68.8
66.1
62.6
58.4
56.7
56.2
56.6
60.5
65.7
69.2
65.8
4.58
4.54
4.59
4.95
5.00
4.90
4.47
4.31
4.36
4.36
4.62
4.97
4.64
17.0
17.0
16.8
16.8
16.2
16.0
15.8
15.9
16.3
16.6
16.9
17.2
16.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9.76
4.56
4.59
4.50
4.84
4.79
4.56
4.34
4.03
4.22
4.26
4.36
5.11
4.49
95.0
94.1
94.7
95.2
95.5
95.0
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.1
94.6
94.3
94.9
8.11
8.69
9.34
9.49
9.70
9.94
10.05
9.66
9.38
8.96
8.29
8.52
8.90
70.7
70.6
69.4
65.1
60.5
58.1
55.7
55.2
55.7
58.8
66.1
68.4
65.8
5.62
6.58
6.39
5.78
5.69
5.42
5.36
4.90
4.96
4.97
4.97
5.54
5.55
16.6
17.1
16.9
16.0
15.8
15.6
15.7
15.4
14.9
14.8
15.7
15.9
15.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.46
7.80
6.29
5.25
5.09
4.99
4.58
4.25
4.34
4.23
4.68
4.50
5.19
94.5
93.6
94.1
95.0
94.7
94.4
94.7
95.1
94.8
94.6
94.7
94.8
94.6
10.42
12.61
15.07
R 16.21
R 16.78
16.40
12.59
10.58
95.8
95.7
95.5
95.5
95.5
95.5
95.7
95.5
95.9
95.5
95.6
8.15
7.83
7.79
7.99
8.04
8.50
8.45
8.42
R 8.37
7.74
8.03
71.0
71.1
70.1
64.7
61.6
57.8
57.0
55.2
55.9
60.4
65.8
4.76
4.60
4.35
3.86
3.50
3.69
3.68
3.73
3.53
3.46
3.95
15.9
16.1
16.6
15.8
16.4
15.6
15.6
15.2
15.5
15.7
15.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.29
4.99
3.71
3.23
3.28
3.24
3.23
3.22
3.19
3.03
3.49
94.6
94.3
94.4
95.3
95.0
94.4
94.4
93.9
94.2
93.9
94.4
11.24
10.61
95.5
95.7
9.03
8.15
65.4
65.2
5.62
4.60
15.9
16.5
NA
NA
5.30
4.44
94.6
94.9
R 9.28
b See Note 8, "Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.
c Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
e The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers.
f See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
g See "Citygate" in Glossary.
h Includes taxes.
i The percentage of the sectors consumption in Table 4.3 for which price data
are available. For details on how the percentages are derived, see Table 9.10
sources at end of section.
j Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to
fueling stations that are used primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the
prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in the operation of fleet
vehicles.
k Percentages exceed 100% when reported natural gas receipts are greater
than
reported
natural
gas
consumptionthis
can
occur
when
combined-heat-and-power plants report fuel receipts related to non-electric
generating activities.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental
gaseous fuels. Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 8, "Natural
Gas Prices," at end of section. Wellhead annual and year-to-date prices are
simple averages of the monthly prices; all other annual and year-to-date prices are
volume-weighted averages of the monthly prices. Geographic coverage is the 50
beginning in 1976.
145
Energy Prices
Note 1. Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs. Beginning with January 1981, refiner acquisition costs of crude
oil are from data collected on U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) Form EIA-14, Refiners Monthly
Cost Report. Those costs were previously published from
data collected on Economic Regulatory Administration
(ERA) Form ERA-49, Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements
Program Refiners Monthly Report. Form ERA-49 was
discontinued with the decontrol of crude oil on January 28,
1981. Crude oil purchases and costs are defined for Form
EIA-14 in accordance with conventions used for Form
ERA-49. The respondents for the two forms are also essentially the same. However, due to possible different interpretations of the filing requirements and a different method for
handling prior period adjustments, care must be taken when
comparing the data collected on the two forms.
The refiner acquisition cost of crude oil is the average
price paid by refiners for crude oil booked into their refineries in accordance with accounting procedures generally
accepted and consistently and historically applied by the
refiners concerned. Domestic crude oil is that oil produced
in the United States or from the outer continental shelf as
defined in 43 USC Section 1331. Imported crude oil is
either that oil reported on Form ERA-51, Transfer Pricing
Report, or any crude oil that is not domestic oil. The
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and
imported crude oil costs.
Crude oil costs and volumes reported on Form ERA-49
excluded unfinished oils but included the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Crude oil costs and volumes reported
on Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report, included
unfinished oils but excluded SPR. Imported averages
derived from Form ERA-49 exclude oil purchased for SPR,
whereas the composite averages derived from Form ERA-49
include SPR. None of the prices derived from Form EIA-14
include either unfinished oils or SPR.
Note 4. Crude Oil Landed Costs. The landed cost of

imported crude oil from selected countries does not represent the total cost of all imported crude. Prior to April 1975,
imported crude costs to U.S. company-owned refineries in
the Caribbean were not included in the landed cost, and
costs of crude oil from countries that export only small
amounts to the United States were also excluded. Beginning
in April 1975, however, coverage was expanded to include
U.S. company-owned refineries in the Caribbean. Landed
costs do not include supplemental fees.
Note 5. Motor Gasoline Prices. Several different series of
motor gasoline prices are published in this section. U.S. city
average retail prices of motor gasoline by grade are calculated monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during the
development of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These
prices include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the
time of sale. Prior to 1977, prices were collected in 56 urban
areas. From 1978 forward, prices are collected from a new
sample of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to
represent all urban consumersabout 80 percent of the total
U.S. population. The service stations are selected initially,
and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service
stations in the current sample include those providing all
types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-serve).
Regular motor gasoline prices by area type are determined
by EIA in a weekly survey of retail motor gasoline outlets
(Form EIA-878, Motor Gasoline Price Survey). Prices
include all federal, state, and local taxes paid at the time of
sale. A representative sample of outlets by geographic area
and size is randomly selected from a sampling frame of
approximately 115,000 retail motor gasoline outlets.
Monthly and annual prices are simple averages of weighted
weekly estimates from "Weekly U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices,
Regular Grade." For more information on the survey methodology, see EIA, Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Appendix B, Weekly Petroleum Price Surveys section.
Note 2. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. The

average domestic first purchase price represents the average
price at which all domestic crude oil is purchased. Crude oil
domestic first purchase prices were derived as follows: for
19491973, weighted average domestic first purchase
values as reported by state agencies and calculated by the
Bureau of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of
a sample survey of major first purchasers purchases; for
1976 forward, weighted averages of all first purchasers
purchases. The data series was previously called Actual
Domestic Wellhead Price.
Refiner prices of finished motor gasoline for resale and to

end users are determined by EIA in a monthly survey of
refiners and gas plant operators (Form EIA-782A). The
prices do not include any federal, state, or local taxes paid at
the time of sale. Estimates of prices prior to January 1983
are based on Form FEA-P302-M-1/EIA-460, Petroleum
Industry Monthly Report for Product Prices, and also
exclude all federal, state, or local taxes paid at the time of
sale. Sales for resale are those made to purchasers who are
other-than-ultimate consumers. Sales to end users are sales
made directly to the consumer of the product, including bulk
consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers.
Note 3. Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs. F.O.B. literally means

Free on Board. It denotes a transaction whereby the seller
makes the product available with an agreement on a given
port at a given price; it is the responsibility of the buyer to
arrange for the transportation and insurance.
Note 6. Historical Petroleum Prices. Starting in January

1983, Form EIA-782, Monthly Petroleum Product Sales
Report, replaced 10 previous surveys. Every attempt was
made to continue the most important price series. However,
prices published through December 1982 and those
146
published since January 1983 do not necessarily form

continuous data series due to changes in survey forms, definitions, instructions, populations, samples, processing
systems, and statistical procedures. To provide historical
data, continuous series were generated for annual data
19781982 and for monthly data 1981 and 1982 by estimating the prices that would have been published had Form
EIA-782 survey and system been in operation at that time.
This form of estimation was performed after detailed adjustment was made for product and sales type matching and for
discontinuity due to other factors. An important difference
between the previous and present prices is the distinction
between wholesale and resale and between retail and end
user. The resale category continues to include sales among
resellers. However, sales to bulk consumers, such as utility,
industrial, and commercial accounts previously included in
the wholesale category, are now counted as made to end
users. The end-user category continues to include retail
sales through company-owned and operated outlets but
also includes sales to the bulk consumers such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities. Additional information may be found in Estimated Historic Time Series for
the EIA-782, a feature article by Paula Weir, printed in
the December 1983 [3] Petroleum Marketing Monthly,
published by EIA.
Note 7. Electricity Retail Prices. Average annual retail
prices of electricity have the following plant coverage:
Through 1979, annual data are for Classes A and B
privately owned electric utilities only. For 19801982,
annual data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric
operating revenues were $100 million or more during the
previous year. For 1983, annual data are for a selected
sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for
a census of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, annual
data also include energy service providers selling to retail
customers.
Average monthly retail prices of electricity have the
following plant coverage: Through 1985, monthly data are
derived from selected privately owned electric utilities
and, therefore, are not national averages. Beginning in
1986, monthly data are based on a sample of publicly and
privately owned electric utilities. Beginning in 1996,
monthly data also include energy service providers selling
to retail customers.
Preliminary monthly data are from Form EIA-826,
"Monthly Electric Sales and Revenue Report With State
Distributions Report," which is a monthly collection of
data from approximately 450 of the largest publicly and
privately owned electric utilities as well as a census of
energy service providers with retail sales in deregulated
states; a model is then applied to the collected data to estimate for the entire universe of U.S. electric utilities.
Preliminary annual data are the sum of the monthly revenues divided by the sum of the monthly sales. When final
annual data become available each year from Form EIA861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," their ratios
to the preliminary Form EIA-826 values are used to derive

adjusted final monthly values.
Note 8. Natural Gas Prices. Natural gas prices are
intended to include all taxes. Instructions on the data
collection forms specifically direct that all federal, state,
and local taxes, surcharges, and/or adjustments billed to
consumers are to be included. However, sales and other
taxes itemized on more than 3,000 consumers bills are
sometimes excluded by the reporting utilities. Deliveredto-consumers prices for 1987 forward represent natural
gas delivered and sold to residential, commercial, industrial, vehicle fuel, and electric power consumers. They do
not include the price of natural gas delivered on behalf of
third parties to residential, commercial, industrial, and vehicle
fuel customers except for certain states in the residential and
commercial sectors for 2002 forward. Volumes of natural gas
delivered on behalf of third parties are included in the
consumption data shown in Table 4.3. Additional information
is available in EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, Appendix C.
Table 9.1 Sources

Domestic First Purchase Price
19491976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau
of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: Federal Energy Administration, based on Form FEAP124, Domestic Crude Oil Purchasers Monthly Report.
Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1.
2010 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, January
2016, Table 1.
F.O.B. and Landed Cost of Imports
October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form FEA-F701-M-0,
Transfer Pricing Report.
19782009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table
1.
2016, Table 1.
Refiner Acquisition Cost
19681973: EIA estimates. The cost of domestic crude oil
was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the
reported average domestic first purchase price. The cost of
imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated ocean
transport cost based on the published "Average Freight Rate
Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" value
published by the U.S.Census Bureau.
19741976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: JanuarySeptember, FEA, based on Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.
1977: OctoberDecember, EIA, based on Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.
147

1.
2016, Table 1.
Table 9.2 Sources

October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
October 1977December 1977: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer
Pricing Report.
21.
2016, Table 21.
Table 9.9 Sources

FPC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants.
October 1977December 1977: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost
and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
1978 and 1979: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and
Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
19801989: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, May issues.
19902000: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, March 2003,
Table 26.
20012007: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, October 2008,
Table 4.1; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels
for Electric Utility Plants; and EIA, Form EIA-423,
Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, December
2015, Table 4.1; and Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.
Table 9.10 Sources

All Prices Except Vehicle Fuel and Electric Power
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
revisions.
2013 forward: EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), December 2015, Table 3.
Vehicle Fuel Price
19892013: EIA, NGA, annual reports.
Electric Power Sector Price
19671972: EIA, NGA, annual reports.
148
19731998: EIA, NGA 2000, Table 96.

19992002: EIA, NGM, October 2004, Table 4.
20032007: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants, and EIA, Form EIA-423 Monthly
Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report.
2008 forward: Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report.
Percentage of Residential Sector
19892012: EIA, Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition. Calculated as the total amount of natural gas delivered to residential consumers minus the amount delivered for the account
of others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to
residential consumers.
2013 forward: EIA, Form EIA-857, Monthly Report of
Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Consumers.
Percentage of Commercial Sector
19872012: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to commercial
consumers minus the amount delivered for the account of
others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to
commercial consumers.
2013 forward: EIA, NGM, December 2015, Table 3.
Percentage of Industrial Sector
19822013: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to industrial consumers
minus the amount delivered for the account of others, and then
divided by the total amount delivered to industrial consumers.
2013 forward: EIA, NGM, December 2015, Table 3.
Percentage of Electric Power Sector
19732001: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities reported on Form FERC-423,
"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and predecessor forms) divided by the quantity of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973
1988, see Monthly Energy Review (MER), Table 7.3b; for
19892001, see MER, Table 7.4b).
20022007: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report
of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants,"
and EIA-423, Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Plants Report, divided by the quantity of natural
gas consumed by the electric power sector (see MER,
Table 7.4b).
2008 forward: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, divided by the quantity of natural gas
consumed by the electric power sector (see MER, Table
7.4b).
10. Renewable
Energy
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
Major Sources, 19492014
6
Biomassa
Hydroelectric Powerb
Winda
Solar/PVa
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
By Source, 2014
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Sector, 2014
6
2.5
5.0
2.2
2.1
1.7
2.3
2
1.3
0.5
0.9
0.4
0.2
0
Hydro- Wood
electric
Powerb
Biofuelsa
Wind
Waste
0.1
Solar/ GeoPVa thermala
Residential Commercial
Industrial Transportation Electric

Power
Compared With Other Resources, 19492014

100
80
Fossil Fuels
60
40
20
Renewable Energy
0
1950
a
b
150
1955
1960
See Table 10.1 for definition.

Conventional hydroelectric power.
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.110.2c.
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source

(Trillion Btu)
Productiona
Biomass
Consumption
Biofuelsb
Totalc
Total
Renewable
Energyd
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93
111
198
233
254
308
401
486
561
716
970
1,374
1,570
1,868
2,029
1,929
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,099
3,006
2,624
2,705
2,805
2,996
3,101
3,212
3,472
3,868
3,953
4,316
4,501
4,406
2,978
2,784
2,928
3,396
4,070
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,558
6,104
5,164
5,734
5,946
6,067
6,226
6,594
6,520
7,206
7,641
8,112
9,155
8,813
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
3,155
2,900
2,970
3,046
3,205
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,793
2,688
2,703
2,869
2,446
2,511
2,669
2,539
3,103
2,629
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
150
137
159
160
169
167
170
167
162
177
176
185
1,981
377
341
383
372
390
387
403
397
379
400
399
420
4,647
795
708
772
820
860
823
813
741
697
741
762
800
9,330
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
170
153
173
170
178
177
183
179
173
179
177
191
2,103
404
367
406
392
403
406
420
416
396
407
403
428
4,849
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
178
162
180
172
183
184
187
184
176
185
1,790

1,735
1,620
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Powere
Wastej
Biofuelsk
Total
Total
Renewable
Energy
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,429
1,497
2,474
2,687
2,216
2,370
2,262
2,006
1,995
2,002
2,121
2,137
2,099
2,089
2,059
1,931
1,981
2,010
2,010
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
236
408
531
511
364
402
401
389
403
397
413
435
452
468
462
467
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93
111
200
236
253
303
403
498
574
766
983
1,357
1,553
1,821
1,933
1,892
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,101
3,008
2,622
2,701
2,806
3,008
3,114
3,262
3,485
3,851
3,936
4,270
4,405
4,369
2,978
2,784
2,928
3,396
4,070
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,560
6,106
5,163
5,729
5,948
6,079
6,239
6,645
6,533
7,189
7,624
8,066
9,059
8,777
141
134
150
167
155
131
106
92
111
130
151
133
1,601
185
167
182
171
179
179
190
188
177
181
181
189
2,170
41
37
42
41
41
40
42
42
40
42
42
45
496
149
139
161
162
170
173
171
170
170
183
175
185
2,007
376
343
385
374
390
392
403
400
387
406
398
420
4,673
794
710
774
822
860
828
814
744
704
746
761
799
9,356
29
27
34
35
38
39
38
39
38
38
34
31
421
171
134
169
178
149
151
116
97
110
138
180
140
1,733
190
173
189
179
182
186
192
193
182
186
185
194
2,230
45
41
45
44
43
42
45
43
41
42
42
44
516
163
150
167
167
176
173
180
182
172
180
173
183
2,067
397
364
401
390
401
402
417
418
394
408
399
420
4,812
822
707
854
863
859
855
822
762
714
767
809
823
9,656
20
18
19
18
19
18
19
19
18
19
187
35
37
45
48
49
49
50
51
45
43
452
146
143
146
170
164
128
130
124
132
156
1,440
182
164
171
166
172
170
179
177
168
169
1,717
45
39
43
41
42
42
45
43
41
43
424
164
156
174
169
185
186
188
188
182
186
1,778
392
358
388
377
399
398
412
408
390
398
3,920
827
773
836
828
823
785
813
788
740
775
7,988
178
179
356
253
1,413
1,317
1,852
1,799
431
409
1,711
1,647
3,993
3,855
8,023
7,796
Geothermalf
Solar/
PVg
Windh
Woodi
NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
171
152
164
164
171
173
178
181
181
186
192
200
208
212
212
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
59
69
66
64
63
62
63
63
68
76
89
98
126
171
227
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,168
1,340
237
195
196
239
271
261
260
206
162
164
169
202
2,562
19
17
19
17
18
17
18
18
18
18
17
18
214
22
21
25
24
26
26
27
28
27
28
26
27
305
829
710
859
866
861
859
825
759
715
766
813
831
9,692
206
166
231
243
253
246
232
189
153
164
178
213
2,475
18
16
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
215
405
364
393
380
397
396
411
404
384
397
3,931
841
778
841
830
822
783
812
784
734
774
7,999
235
217
237
215
193
191
201
185
155
159
1,989
4,018
3,828
8,048
7,769
2,084
2,192
a Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except

biofuels.
b Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
c Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
d Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and
biomass.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying
by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
f Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the
total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), and geothermal heat pump and
direct use energy.
g Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), and solar
thermal direct use energy.
h Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
i Wood and wood-derived fuels.

j Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
k Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Notes: Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation
sectors are estimates. See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. See
Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (Excel
beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 10.2a10.4.
151
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Biomass
Geothermalb
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Solar/
PVc
Biomass
Woodd
Total
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermalb
Solar/
PVf
Windg
Woodd
Wasteh
Fuel
Ethanoli
Total
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
40
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
114
153
186
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
580
520
420
370
380
400
410
430
380
420
470
500
440
450
420
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
850
1,010
641
591
489
438
448
470
481
504
462
512
577
622
591
643
646
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19
20
20
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
66
72
71
67
69
71
70
70
65
70
73
73
72
69
61
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
28
40
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
36
43
45
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
94
113
119
92
95
101
105
105
103
103
109
112
111
115
108
19
15
12
9
8
8
21
24
98
118
128
101
104
113
118
120
118
118
125
129
130
136
130
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
19
17
19
18
19
18
19
19
18
19
18
19
219
49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580
71
64
71
69
71
69
71
71
69
71
69
71
839
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
70
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
47
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
120
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
143
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
40
21
19
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
252
49
44
49
48
49
48
49
49
48
49
48
49
580
74
67
74
72
74
72
74
74
72
74
72
74
871
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
73
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
47
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
11
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
123
13
11
12
12
13
12
13
13
12
12
12
12
148
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
34
24
22
24
23
24
23
24
24
23
24
234
38
34
38
37
38
37
38
38
37
38
372
65
59
65
63
65
63
65
65
63
65
640
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
16
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
5
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
63
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
37
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
11
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
102
13
12
13
12
12
12
13
12
12
13
125

33
33
210
182
483
483
726
698
(s)
(s)
16
16
3
2
1
(s)
61
58
39
39
2
2
103
100
124
119
a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
c Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net
generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors
in Table A6). Includes distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the
commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
d Wood and wood-derived fuels.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying
f Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6) at commercial plants with
capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
g Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total
152
i The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
consumed by the commercial sector.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes:
Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV,
hydroelectric power, wind, and waste. Totals may not equal sum of components
beginning in 1973.
Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Powerb
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Geothermalc
Solar/
PVd
Winde
Woodf
Wasteg
Biomass
Losses
Fuel
and CoEthanolh productsi
Total
Total
Fuel
Ethanolj
Biodieselk
Totall
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
31
55
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
17
22
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
3
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,645
1,442
1,652
1,636
1,443
1,396
1,363
1,476
1,452
1,472
1,413
1,339
1,178
1,273
1,309
1,339
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
230
192
195
145
129
146
142
132
148
130
145
143
154
168
165
159
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
2
1
3
3
4
6
7
10
10
12
13
17
17
17
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
42
49
86
99
108
130
168
201
227
280
369
519
603
727
756
711
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,678
1,815
1,834
1,892
1,937
2,012
1,948
2,185
2,246
2,226
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,724
1,851
1,870
1,925
1,957
2,034
1,971
2,205
2,268
2,253
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
141
168
228
286
327
442
557
786
894
1,041
1,045
1,045
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
2
3
12
33
45
39
41
33
113
115
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
825
935
1,075
1,158
1,162
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
33
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
113
101
109
104
108
109
117
113
105
108
109
114
1,312
16
14
16
16
15
15
15
16
15
16
16
17
187
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
18
55
50
57
57
61
60
60
59
57
63
63
66
709
185
167
184
179
186
185
194
189
179
189
190
199
2,226
189
171
187
182
190
188
198
192
181
192
192
202
2,264
83
77
89
89
93
93
92
91
90
94
89
92
1,072
9
9
12
13
14
15
15
16
18
22
18
22
182
92
87
102
103
107
111
109
109
111
118
111
118
1,278
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
113
102
112
107
109
111
114
115
107
110
109
116
1,325
16
15
17
17
15
15
16
15
14
17
16
17
190
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
18
63
56
62
62
64
64
65
64
62
64
64
68
757
193
175
192
187
190
191
197
196
185
192
190
202
2,290
195
176
194
189
192
192
198
197
186
193
192
204
2,307
87
82
88
89
94
92
95
95
88
96
91
94
1,091
10
10
14
12
15
16
15
19
19
16
17
18
181
98
93
103
104
110
108
113
116
108
114
108
113
1,289
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
116
103
106
106
108
106
111
109
105
107
1,075
16
14
16
17
17
16
17
16
16
17
162
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
15
65
59
65
61
65
65
67
65
63
66
643
199
177
189
185
192
189
196
192
185
191
1,895
201
178
191
187
193
191
198
193
186
193
1,910
90
83
94
90
98
97
99
99
95
97
942
7
11
12
14
18
20
18
19
19
17
157
97
95
108
106
117
119
120
121
117
117
1,118

10
28
3
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1,100
1,088
157
154
15
15
625
581
1,897
1,837
1,912
1,869
905
890
146
142
1,068
1,049
a Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

industrial electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying
c Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
d Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity
of 1 megawatt or greater.
e Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total
f Wood and wood-derived fuels.
g Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
h The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
consumed by the industrial sector.
i Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Does not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the
production of fuel ethanol and biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
j The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and
E85, consumed by the transportation sector.
k Although there is biodiesel use in other sectors, all biodiesel consumption is
assigned to the transportation sector.
l Beginning in 2009, includes imports minus stock change of other renewable
diesel fuel and other renewable fuels. See "Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other)" and
"Renewable Fuels (Other)" in Glossary.
NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in
19491978 and 1989 forward, solar/PV, and wind. Totals may not equal sum of
beginning in 1973.
153
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Hydroelectric
Powera
1950 Total
1955 Total
1960 Total
1965 Total
1970 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Biomass
Geothermalb
Solar/PVc
Windd
Woode
Wastef
Total
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,749
2,655
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
2,521
3,085
2,606
NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
53
97
161
138
144
142
147
146
148
147
145
145
146
146
148
149
148
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
12
17
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
57
70
105
113
142
178
264
341
546
721
923
1,167
1,339
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
3
8
129
125
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
196
182
190
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
7
188
296
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
264
255
262
5
3
2
3
4
2
4
14
317
422
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
459
437
453
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,031
2,609
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,411
3,339
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
4,064
4,855
4,586
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
234
191
193
237
268
258
257
204
160
162
167
198
2,529
13
12
13
12
12
12
13
13
12
13
12
13
151
3
4
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
8
8
83
141
134
150
167
155
131
106
92
111
130
151
133
1,600
17
15
17
14
15
17
18
20
18
18
19
20
207
22
19
23
21
22
22
22
23
21
22
22
24
262
39
35
39
35
37
39
41
42
39
39
41
43
470
429
376
402
457
480
448
424
360
331
353
377
396
4,833
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
205
165
230
241
252
245
232
188
153
163
177
212
2,462
13
12
13
13
13
12
13
13
12
13
13
13
151
7
8
12
14
16
18
17
18
17
16
13
10
165
171
134
169
178
149
151
116
97
110
138
180
140
1,732
21
20
22
18
17
22
23
23
21
20
22
22
251
24
22
24
23
24
24
25
24
22
22
22
23
279
45
42
46
41
41
45
48
46
43
42
44
45
530
441
360
471
487
471
471
425
362
335
372
426
420
5,040
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
233
216
236
214
191
190
200
185
154
158
1,978
14
13
14
13
14
13
14
14
12
13
134
11
15
21
24
24
25
26
26
22
19
214
145
143
146
170
164
128
130
124
132
156
1,438
22
21
20
17
19
21
23
24
20
18
206
24
21
22
22
22
22
25
24
21
23
226
46
42
42
39
41
43
48
47
41
41
431
451
428
459
459
435
400
417
396
362
387
4,196

2,073
2,164
125
126
143
68
1,412
1,317
207
169
234
216
441
386
4,194
4,059
a Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying

b Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the
total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
c Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6).
d Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total
e Wood and wood-derived fuels.
154
Notes:
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 7.2b, 7.4b, and A6.
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Traded
1981 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Feedstocka
Losses
and Coproductsb
Denaturantc
TBtu
TBtu
Mbbl
Net
Stock
Importse Stocksd,f Changed,g
Productiond
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Consumption
Minus
Denaturanth
Consumptiond
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
TBtu
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
13
93
111
198
233
253
307
400
482
550
683
907
1,286
1,503
1,823
1,904
1,801
6
42
49
86
99
108
130
168
201
227
280
368
518
602
726
754
709
40
294
356
647
773
841
1,019
1,335
1,621
1,859
2,326
3,105
4,433
5,688
6,506
6,649
6,264
1,978
14,693
17,802
32,325
38,627
42,028
50,956
66,772
81,058
92,961
116,294
155,263
221,637
260,424
316,617
331,646
314,714
83
617
748
1,358
1,622
1,765
2,140
2,804
3,404
3,904
4,884
6,521
9,309
10,938
13,298
13,929
13,218
7
52
63
115
138
150
182
238
289
331
414
553
790
928
1,127
1,181
1,120
NA
NA
NA
387
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
12,610
4,720
-9,115
-24,365
-5,891
NA
NA
NA
2,186
3,400
4,298
6,200
5,978
6,002
5,563
8,760
10,535
14,226
16,594
17,941
18,238
20,350
NA
NA
NA
-207
-624
898
1,902
-222
24
-439
3,197
1,775
3,691
2,368
1,347
297
2,112
1,978
14,693
17,802
32,919
39,367
41,445
49,360
67,286
84,576
96,634
130,505
163,945
230,556
262,776
306,155
306,984
306,711
83
617
748
1,383
1,653
1,741
2,073
2,826
3,552
4,059
5,481
6,886
9,683
11,037
12,858
12,893
12,882
7
52
63
117
140
148
176
240
301
344
465
584
821
936
1,090
1,093
1,092
7
51
62
114
137
144
171
233
293
335
453
569
800
910
1,061
1,065
1,064
2013 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
141
128
146
146
155
152
154
150
146
160
159
168
1,805
55
50
57
57
61
60
60
59
57
63
62
66
707
503
461
511
515
537
509
519
494
499
538
532
563
6,181
24,778
22,494
25,620
25,601
27,197
26,722
26,923
26,279
25,564
27,995
27,915
29,405
316,493
1,041
945
1,076
1,075
1,142
1,122
1,131
1,104
1,074
1,176
1,172
1,235
13,293
88
80
91
91
97
95
96
94
91
100
99
105
1,126
-767
-727
-169
-551
-400
130
624
413
-187
-767
-1,902
-1,459
-5,761
19,894
19,009
18,410
17,370
16,804
16,428
17,072
16,945
15,986
15,750
15,569
16,424
16,424
-456
-885
-599
-1,040
-566
-376
644
-127
-959
-236
-181
855
-3,926
24,467
22,652
26,050
26,090
27,363
27,228
26,903
26,819
26,336
27,464
26,194
27,091
314,658
1,028
951
1,094
1,096
1,149
1,144
1,130
1,126
1,106
1,153
1,100
1,138
13,216
87
81
93
93
97
97
96
95
94
98
93
96
1,120
85
79
90
90
95
95
93
93
91
95
91
94
1,092
2014 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
160
144
160
158
164
163
167
163
158
163
163
175
1,938
62
56
62
61
64
63
65
64
62
64
63
68
755
558
498
544
551
565
524
542
534
509
502
540
609
6,476
28,194
25,269
28,120
27,733
28,888
28,629
29,413
28,665
27,807
28,644
28,588
30,831
340,781
1,184
1,061
1,181
1,165
1,213
1,202
1,235
1,204
1,168
1,203
1,201
1,295
14,313
100
90
100
99
103
102
105
102
99
102
102
110
1,212
-2,024
-1,473
-1,985
-1,202
-704
-1,278
-1,495
-1,283
-1,346
-1,919
-2,081
-1,580
-18,371
17,153
16,865
17,310
17,610
18,330
18,785
18,696
18,218
18,724
17,341
17,035
18,739
18,739
729
-288
445
300
720
455
-89
-478
506
-1,383
-306
1,704
2,315
25,441
24,084
25,690
26,231
27,464
26,896
28,007
27,860
25,955
28,108
26,813
27,547
320,095
1,069
1,012
1,079
1,102
1,153
1,130
1,176
1,170
1,090
1,181
1,126
1,157
13,444
91
86
91
93
98
96
100
99
92
100
95
98
1,139
88
84
89
91
95
93
97
97
90
98
93
96
1,111
2015 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
10-Month Total
168
152
167
158
168
168
172
168
162
171
1,654
65
59
65
61
65
65
66
65
63
66
641
588
534
567
527
545
528
539
523
519
566
5,436
29,755
26,788
29,489
27,910
29,666
29,684
30,256
29,621
28,543
30,139
291,851
1,250
1,125
1,239
1,172
1,246
1,247
1,271
1,244
1,199
1,266
12,258
106
95
105
99
106
106
108
105
102
107
1,038
-1,630
-1,992
-1,992
-1,529
-1,532
-1,428
-1,802
-830
-933
-1,583
-15,251
20,543
20,979
20,865
20,787
20,120
20,029
19,594
19,259
18,904
18,889
18,889
1,804
436
-114
-78
-667
-91
-435
-335
-355
-15
150
26,321
24,360
27,611
26,459
28,801
28,347
28,889
29,126
27,965
28,571
276,450
1,105
1,023
1,160
1,111
1,210
1,191
1,213
1,223
1,175
1,200
11,611
94
87
98
94
102
101
103
104
99
102
984
91
84
96
92
100
99
100
101
97
99
960
2014 10-Month Total

2013 10-Month Total
1,600
1,478
623
579
5,327
5,086
281,362
259,173
11,817
10,885
1,001
922
-14,711
-2,401
17,341
15,750
917
-4,600
265,734
261,372
11,161
10,978
945
930
923
907
a Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol
used for fuel ethanol.
b Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel
ethanolthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.
d Includes denaturant.
e Through 2009, data are for fuel ethanol imports only; data for fuel ethanol
exports are not available. Beginning in 2010, data are for fuel ethanol imports
minus fuel ethanol (including industrial alcohol) exports.
f Stocks are at end of period.
g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
h Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus
denaturant are used to develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables
10.110.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.

NA=Not available.
Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate
heat content of fuel ethanolsee Table A3. Through 1980, data are not
available. For 19811992, data are estimates. For 19932008, only data for
feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates.
Beginning in 2009, only data for feedstock, and losses and co-products, are
estimates. See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol Minus
Denaturant" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
155
Table 10.4 Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview

Biodiesel
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Feedstocka
Losses
and Coproductsb
TBtu
TBtu
Trade
Production
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
Net
Stock
Importsc Stocksd Changee
Imports
Exports
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Other
Renewable
Fuelsf
Consumption
Mbbl
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
TBtu
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1
1
2
4
12
32
63
88
67
44
125
128
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
2
204
250
338
666
2,162
5,963
11,662
16,145
12,281
8,177
23,035
23,588
9
10
14
28
91
250
490
678
516
343
967
991
1
1
2
4
12
32
62
87
66
44
123
126
81
197
97
101
214
1,105
3,455
7,755
1,906
564
890
853
41
57
113
128
213
856
6,696
16,673
6,546
2,588
1,799
3,056
40
140
-17
-27
1
250
-3,241
-8,918
-4,640
-2,024
-908
-2,203
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
672
2,005
1,984
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
-39
h 1,028
-20
244
390
322
639
2,163
6,213
8,422
7,228
g 7,663
6,192
21,099
21,406
10
16
14
27
91
261
354
304
322
260
886
899
1
2
2
3
12
33
45
39
41
33
113
115
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
9
9
13
14
14
15
17
17
16
18
17
17
176
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1,640
1,672
2,412
2,548
2,645
2,699
3,072
3,086
3,025
3,272
3,080
3,217
32,368
69
70
101
107
111
113
129
130
127
137
129
135
1,359
9
9
13
14
14
14
16
17
16
18
17
17
173
38
88
439
372
410
698
358
385
781
1,177
1,641
1,765
8,152
16
37
176
371
563
587
429
687
511
415
408
476
4,675
22
51
263
1
-153
111
-71
-302
270
762
1,233
1,289
3,477
2,002
2,026
2,390
2,507
2,460
2,485
2,683
2,549
2,509
2,483
3,360
3,810
3,810
18
24
364
117
-47
25
198
-134
-40
-26
877
450
1,825
1,644
1,699
2,310
2,432
2,539
2,785
2,803
2,918
3,336
4,061
3,436
4,056
34,020
69
71
97
102
107
117
118
123
140
171
144
170
1,429
9
9
12
13
14
15
15
16
18
22
18
22
182
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
24
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
9
10
13
12
14
14
16
16
15
16
14
16
165
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1,727
1,801
2,361
2,223
2,531
2,645
2,926
2,987
2,754
2,928
2,610
2,958
30,452
73
76
99
93
106
111
123
125
116
123
110
124
1,279
9
10
13
12
14
14
16
16
15
16
14
16
163
222
161
240
135
133
235
493
571
352
507
989
540
4,578
134
141
91
261
208
263
320
264
136
40
65
51
1,974
88
20
149
-126
-75
-28
173
307
216
467
924
489
2,604
3,708
3,726
3,604
3,402
3,135
2,798
3,082
2,786
2,293
2,641
3,084
3,131
3,131
-101
18
-122
-202
-267
-337
284
-297
-492
347
444
46
-679
1,916
1,803
2,632
2,299
2,724
2,953
2,815
3,590
3,462
3,048
3,091
3,401
33,735
80
76
111
97
114
124
118
151
145
128
130
143
1,417
10
10
14
12
15
16
15
19
19
16
17
18
181
2
1
2
3
2
(s)
2
2
1
2
(s)
1
18
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
9
10
13
14
15
16
16
16
14
14
136
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1,706
1,827
2,323
2,565
2,755
2,897
2,875
2,933
2,553
2,537
24,970
72
77
98
108
116
122
121
123
107
107
1,049
9
10
12
14
15
16
15
16
14
14
134
372
416
311
294
307
673
1,157
858
927
863
6,178
22
23
190
240
255
263
255
275
200
161
1,884
350
393
121
54
52
410
902
583
727
702
4,294
3,713
3,827
3,996
3,950
3,464
2,948
3,284
3,227
2,948
2,981
2,981
i 677
114
169
-45
-487
-516
336
-57
-279
33
-55
1,379
2,105
2,275
2,664
3,294
3,823
3,441
3,573
3,558
3,206
29,320
58
88
96
112
138
161
145
150
149
135
1,231
7
11
12
14
18
20
18
19
19
17
157
(s)
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
19

135
142
2
2
24,883
26,072
1,045
1,095
133
140
3,049
4,746
1,859
3,791
1,190
955
2,641
2,483
-1,169
498
27,243
26,528
1,144
1,114
146
142
17
17
a Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of

biodieselcalculated by multiplying biodiesel production by 5.433 million Btu per
barrel. See "Biodiesel Feedstock" entry in the "Thermal Conversion Factor Source
Documentation" at the end of Appendix A.
b Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of
biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Stocks are at end of period. Through 2010, includes stocks at bulk terminals
only. Beginning in 2011, includes stocks at bulk terminals and biodiesel production
plants.
e A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
f Imports minus stock change of other renewable diesel fuel and other
renewable fuels. See "Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other)" and "Renewable Fuels
(Other)" in Glossary.
g In 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and differing data sources, a
"Balancing Item" amount of 733 thousand barrels (653 thousand barrels in January
156
2009; 80 thousand barrels in February 2009) is used to balance biodiesel supply

and disposition.
h Derived from the final 2010 stocks value for bulk terminals and biodiesel
production plants (977 thousand barrels), not the final 2010 value for bulk terminals
only (672 thousand barrels) that is shown under Stocks.
i Derived from the preliminary 2014 stocks value (3,036 thousand barrels), not
the final 2014 value (3,131 thousand barrels) that is shown under Stocks.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu
per barrel (the approximate heat content of biodieselsee Table A1). Through
2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. Totals may not equal
Renewable Energy
Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption.
In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and 10.1, renewable energy consumption
consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation
(converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels
heat rate factors in Table A6); geothermal electricity net
generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the total
fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6), and geothermal
heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal
and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu
by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in
Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu by multiplying by the
total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6); wood and
wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge
waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)
consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and losses and co-products from the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1,
1.2, and 10.1, renewable energy production is assumed to
equal consumption for all renewable energy sources except
biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to
the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).
Table 10.2a Sources
19802013: Annual estimates are based on EIA, Form

EIA-457, Residential Energy Consumption Survey; and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
regional heating degree-day data.
2014: Annual estimate assumed by EIA to be equal to
that of 2013.
2015: Annual estimate is from EIA, STEO, April 2015.
(For 1973 forward, monthly estimates are created by
dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the
year and then multiplying by the number of days in the
month.)
Residential Sector, Total Renewable Energy

19491988: Residential sector total renewable energy
consumption is equal to residential sector wood
consumption.
1989 forward: Residential sector total renewable energy
consumption is the sum of the residential sector consumption values for geothermal, solar/PV, and wood.
Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

1989 forward: Commercial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms, are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat
rate factors in Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal
Residential Sector, Geothermal

19892011: Annual estimates by the U.S Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on data from Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
20122014: Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be equal
to that of 2011.
2015: Annual estimate is from EIA, Short-Term Energy
Outlook (STEO), April 2015.
(For 1989 forward, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the year
and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
Residential Sector, Solar/PV

EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers
Survey, and Form EIA-63B, Annual Photovoltaic
Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.
EIA-63B, Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments
Report; Form EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal Collector
Manufacturers Survey (pre-2010 data); and SEIA/GTM
Research, U.S. Solar Market Insight: 2010 Year in Review.
2014 and 2015: Annual estimates are from EIA, STEO,
April 2015.
Residential Sector, Wood

19491979: Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
19892011: Annual estimates by EIA based on data from

Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
2012 forward: Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be
equal to that of 2011.
Commercial Sector, Solar/PV

2008 forward: Commercial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from EIA, Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, are converted to
Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors
in Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Wind

2009 forward: Commercial sector wind electricity net
generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Wood

19491979: Annual estimates are from EIA, Estimates of
U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table
A2.
U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980 1983, Table ES1.
1984: Annual estimate assumed by EIA to be equal to that
of 1983.
19851988: Annual estimates interpolated by EIA.
157
(For 19731988, monthly estimates are created by dividing

the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and
then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
1989 forward: Monthly/annual commercial sector combinedheat-and-power (CHP) wood consumption data are from EIA,
Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. Annual estimates for commercial sector
non-CHP wood consumption are based on EIA, Form
EIA-871, Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey (for 2014, the annual estimate is assumed by EIA
to be equal to that of 2013; for 2015, the annual estimate is
from EIA, STEO, April 2015). For 1989 forward, monthly
estimates for commercial sector non-CHP wood consumption are created by dividing the annual estimates by the
number of days in the year and then multiplying by the
number of days in the month. Commercial sector total
wood consumption is the sum of commercial sector CHP
and non-CHP wood consumption.
Table 10.2b Sources
Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste
Industrial Sector, Solar/PV
Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1981 forward: The commercial sector share of motor
gasoline consumption is equal to commercial sector motor
gasoline consumption from Table 3.7a divided by motor
gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Commercial
sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal
to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table
10.3 multplied by the commercial sector share of motor
Commercial Sector, Total Biomass

19491980: Commercial sector total biomass consumption
is equal to commercial sector wood consumption.
19811988: Commercial sector total biomass consumption
is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for
wood and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant).
1989 forward: Commercial sector total biomass consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values
for wood, waste, and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant).
Commercial Sector, Total Renewable Energy

19491988: Commercial sector total renewable energy
consumption is equal to commercial sector total biomass
consumption.
19892007: Commercial sector total renewable energy
consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, and total biomass.
2008: Commercial sector total renewable energy consumption is the sum of the commercial sector consumption values
for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV,
and total biomass.
2009 forward: Commercial sector total renewable energy is
the sum of the commercial sector consumption values for
conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV,
wind, and total biomass.
158
Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

1949 forward: Industrial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from Table 7.2c are converted to Btu
by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors in
Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Geothermal

19892009: Annual estimates by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) based on data from Oregon
Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
2010 forward: Annual estimates assumed by EIA to be
equal to that of 2009.
2010 forward: Industrial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from EIA, Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to
Btu by multiplying by the total fossil fuels heat rate factors
in Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Wind

2011 forward: Industrial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the
total fossil fuels heat rate factors in Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Wood

U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table
A2.
U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980 1983, Table ES1.
1984: Annual estimate is from EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1985 and 1986: Annual estimates interpolated by EIA.
1987: Annual estimate is from EIA, Estimates of Biofuels
Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Annual estimate interpolated by EIA.
(For 19731988, monthly estimates are created by dividing
the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and
then multiplying by the number of days in the month.)
1989 forward: Monthly/annual industrial sector combinedheat-and-power (CHP) wood consumption data are from
EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and
predecessor forms. Annual estimates for industrial sector
non-CHP wood consumption are based on EIA, Form
EIA-846, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey
(for 2014, the annual estimate is assumed by EIA to be
equal to that of 2013; for 2015, the annual estimate is from
EIA, STEO, April 2015). For 1989 forward, monthly
estimates for industrial sector non-CHP wood consumption
are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number
of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of
days in the month. Industrial sector total wood consumption

is the sum of industrial sector CHP and non-CHP wood
consumption.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste

1981:
Annual estimate is calculated as total waste
consumption (from EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels
Consumption 1990, Table 8) minus electric power sector
waste consumption (from MER Table 10.2c).
1982 and 1983: Annual estimates are calculated as total
waste consumption (based on Estimates of U.S. Biofuels
waste consumption (from MER, Table 10.2c).
1984:
1985 and 1986: Annual estimates interpolated by EIA.
1987:
1988: Annual estimate interpolated by EIA.
(For 19731988, monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of days in the
year and then multiplying by the number of days in the
month.)
1989 forward: Monthly/annual industrial sector combinedheat-and-power (CHP) consumption data are from Table
7.4c. Annual estimates for industrial sector non-CHP waste
consumption are based on information presented in Government Advisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook
and Methane Recovery Yearbook, and information provided
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill
Methane Outreach Program (for 2014, the annual estimate is
assumed by EIA to be equal to that of 2013; for 2015, the
annual estimate is from EIA, STEO, April 2015). For 1989,
forward, monthly estimates for industrial sector non-CHP
waste consumption are created by dividing the annual
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. Industrial sector
total waste consumption is the sum of industrial sector CHP
and non-CHP waste consumption.
Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

1981 forward: The industrial sector share of motor gasoline
consumption is equal to industrial sector motor gasoline
consumption from Table 3.7b divided by motor gasoline
product supplied from Table 3.5. Industrial sector fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal to fuel
ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table 10.3
multiplied by the industrial sector share of motor gasoline
consumption.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Losses and Co-products
Industrial Sector, Total Biomass

19491980: Industrial sector total biomass consumption is
equal to industrial sector wood consumption.
1981 forward: Industrial sector total biomass consumption
is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for
wood, waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and biomass
losses and co-products.
Industrial Sector, Total Renewable Energy

19491988:
Industrial sector total renewable energy
values for conventional hydroelectric power and total
biomass.
19892009:
Industrial sector total renewable energy
values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal,
and total biomass.
2010: Industrial sector total renewable energy consumption
is the sum of the industrial sector consumption values for
conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV,
and total biomass.
2011 forward: Industrial sector total renewable energy
values for conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal,
solar/PV, wind, and total biomass.
Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus

Denaturant)
1981 forward: The transportation sector share of motor
gasoline consumption is equal to transportation sector motor
gasoline consumption from Table 3.7c divided by motor
gasoline product supplied from Table 3.5. Transportation
sector fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption is equal
to fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption from Table
10.3 multiplied by the transportation sector share of motor
Transportation Sector, Biodiesel

2001 forward: Table 10.4. Transportation sector biodiesel
consumption is assumed to equal total biodiesel consumption.
Transportation Sector, Other Renewable Fuels

Transportation Sector, Total Renewable Energy

19812000: Transportation sector total renewable energy
consumption is equal to transportation sector fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) consumption.
20012008: Transportation sector total renewable energy
consumption is the sum of the transportation sector consumption values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
2009 forward: Transportation sector total renewable energy
consumption values for fuel ethanol (minus denaturant),
biodiesel, and other renewable fuels.
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and

co-products from Table 10.3 plus biodiesel losses and
co-products from Table 10.4.
159
Table 10.3 Sources

Feedstock
1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in
thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and then multiplied by
the fuel ethanol feedstock factorsee Table A3.
Losses and Co-products

1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock plus
denaturant minus fuel ethanol production.
Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change

19922013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1.
2014 and 2015: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1.
Consumption
Denaturant
19812008:
Data in thousand barrels for petroleum
denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2% of
fuel ethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by
multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (the estimated
quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional
motor gasoline used as denaturant).
Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports, Table 1.
Data in thousand barrels for net production of pentanes plus
at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by
-1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620
million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production
of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending
components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are
multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat
content of conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is
the sum of the values for pentanes plus, conventional motor
gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
2014 and 2015: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),
monthly reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net
production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to
Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the
approximate heat content of pentanes plus). Data in
thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor
gasoline and motor gasoline blending components at
renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1;
these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253
million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum
of the values for pentanes plus, conventional motor
gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
19811989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption

1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983,
1985, 1986, and 1988.
19901992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy
Consumption 1992, Table D2; and interpolated value for
1991.
19932004: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16.
Calculated as 10% of oxygenated finished motor gasoline
field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input
(Table 16).
20052008: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15.
Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments
(Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1),
plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15).
20092013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1. Calculated
as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel
ethanol adjustments.
2014 and 2015: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus
fuel ethanol adjustments.
Consumption Minus Denaturant

1981 forward: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption
minus the amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed.
Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel
ethanol consumption-to-production ratio.
Table 10.4 Sources

Biodiesel Feedstock
2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production in
thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million Btu per barrel
(the biodiesel feedstock factorsee Table A3).
Biodiesel Losses and Co-products
Production
19811992: Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal
fuel ethanol consumptionsee sources for "Consumption."
19932004: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus
fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports.
These data differ slightly from the original production data
from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report,"
and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and
updated to be consistent with the final balance.
20052008: EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate
Report."
160
20092013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1, data for net

production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.
2014 and 2015: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data
for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and
oxygenate plants.
2001 forward: Calculated as biodiesel feedstock minus

biodiesel production.
Biodiesel Production
20012005: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity
Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual
data are derived from quarterly data. Monthly data are
estimated by dividing the annual data by the number of days
in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the
month.
2006: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau,

M311KFats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and
Stocks, data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters
(biodiesel). In addition, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow
grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2007: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau,
M311KFats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and
Stocks, data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters
(biodiesel).
2008: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 2009 (release date October 2010), Table 11. Monthly
data for 2008 are estimated based on U.S. Department of
Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, M311K data, multiplied
by the EIA 2008 annual values share of the M311K 2008
annual value.
2009 and 2010: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production
Report, monthly reports, Table 1.
20112013: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual
reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel
ethanol.
2014 and 2015: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),
monthly reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except
fuel ethanol.
Biodiesel Trade
20012011: For imports, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
data for the following Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes:
3824.90.40.20, Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable Mixture
(data through June 2010); and 3824.90.40.30,
Biodiesel/Mixes (data for July 20102011). For exports,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, data for the following
Schedule B codes: 3824.90.40.00, Fatty Substances
Animal/Vegetable/Mixture (data through 2010); and
3824.90.40.30, Biodiesel <70% (data for 2011). (The
data above are converted from pounds to gallons by dividing by 7.4.) Although these categories include products
other than biodiesel (such as biodiesel coprocessed with
petroleum feedstocks; and products destined for soaps,
cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest
component. In the absence of other reliable data for

biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good substitutes.
2012 and 2013: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 25 and
31, data for biomass-based diesel fuel.
2014 and 2015: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Tables 37 and
49, data for biomass-based diesel fuel.
Biodiesel Stocks and Stock Change

2009 forward: EIA, biodiesel data from EIA-22M,
Monthly Biodiesel Production Survey; and biomass-based
diesel fuel data from EIA-810, Monthly Refinery Report,
EIA-812, Monthly Product Pipeline Report, and EIA-815,
Monthly Bulk Terminal and Blender Report.
Biodiesel Consumption
20012008: Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
January and February 2009: EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for
refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except
fuel ethanol.
March 2009 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production
plus biodiesel net imports minus biodiesel stock change.
Other Renewable Fuels

2009 forward: Imports data for Other Renewable Diesel
Fuel are from EIA, PSA Table 25 and PSM Table 37 (data
are converted to Btu by multiplying by the other renewable
diesel fuel heat content factor in Table A1). Imports data
for Other Renewable Fuels are from EIA, PSA Table 25
and PSM Table 37 (data are converted to Btu by multiplying
by the biodiesel heat content factor in Table A1). Stock
change data for Other Renewable Diesel Fuel are from
EIA, EIA-810, Monthly Refinery Report, EIA-812,
Monthly Product Pipeline Report, and EIA-815, Monthly
Bulk Terminal and Blender Report (data are converted to
Btu by multiplying by the other renewable diesel heat
content factor in Table A1). Other Renewable Fuels in
Table 10.4 is calculated as other renewable diesel fuel
imports plus other renewable fuels imports minus other
renewable diesel fuel stock change.
161
11. International
Petroleum
Figure 11.1a World Crude Oil Production Overview

World Production, 19732014
World Production, Monthly
80
100
World
80
World
60
60
Non-OPEC
40
Non-OPEC
OPEC
40
OPEC
Persian Gulf Nations
20
Persian Gulf Nations
20
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Selected Producers, 19732014
2013
2014
2015
Selected Producers, Monthly
12
12
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
Saudi Arabia
United States
6
Russia
United
States
6
China
Iran
Iran
China
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Notes: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting

Countries. The Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Production from
the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia is included in Per-
164
2013
2014
2015
sian Gulf Nations.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Figure 11.1b World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country

Selected Non-OPEC Countries
October 2014
October 2015
3.727
3.581
Canada
4.224
4.259
China
0.522
0.509
Egypt
2.402
2.314
Mexico
1.615
1.685
Norway
10.176
10.140
Russia
0.790
0.912
United Kingdom
9.129
9.347
United States
1.420
1.370
Algeria
1.848
1.810
Angola
0.557
0.538
Ecuador
3.300
3.300
Iran
3.465
OPEC Countries
Iraq
4.275
2.575
2.550
Kuwait
0.950
0.415
Libya
2.320
2.370
Nigeria
1.513
1.537
Qatar
9.740
10.140
Saudi Arabia
2.820
2.820
United Arab Emirates
2.500
2.500
Venezuela
10
12
Note: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting C ountries.

165
Table 11.1a World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members

Iran
Iraq
Kuwaita
Libya
Nigeria
Qatar
Saudi
Arabiaa
United
Arab
Emirates
Venezuela
Total
OPECb
209
161
204
281
285
392
396
388
375
373
395
412
393
411
528
532
536
511
505
486
486
500
504
5,861
5,350
1,662
2,250
3,088
3,643
3,686
3,664
3,634
3,557
3,696
3,724
3,444
3,743
4,001
4,139
4,028
3,912
4,050
4,037
4,080
4,054
3,387
2,018
2,262
2,514
1,433
2,040
560
579
1,155
2,150
2,508
2,571
2,390
2,023
1,308
2,011
1,878
1,996
2,086
2,375
2,391
2,399
2,626
2,983
3,020
2,084
1,656
1,023
1,175
2,057
2,062
2,007
2,085
1,898
2,079
1,998
1,894
2,136
2,376
2,529
2,535
2,464
2,586
2,350
2,300
2,530
2,635
2,175
1,480
1,787
1,059
1,375
1,390
1,401
1,446
1,390
1,319
1,410
1,367
1,319
1,421
1,515
1,633
1,681
1,702
1,736
1,650
1,650
465
1,367
2,054
1,783
2,055
1,495
1,810
1,993
2,001
2,132
2,153
2,130
2,165
2,256
2,118
2,275
2,329
2,627
2,440
2,350
2,165
2,208
2,455
2,550
2,520
570
438
472
301
406
442
510
550
696
665
742
730
709
807
901
978
996
1,083
1,198
1,279
1,459
1,571
1,551
7,596
7,075
9,900
3,388
6,410
8,231
8,218
8,362
8,389
7,833
8,404
8,031
7,634
8,775
9,101
9,550
9,152
8,722
9,261
8,250
8,900
9,458
9,832
1,533
1,664
1,709
1,193
2,117
2,233
2,278
2,316
2,345
2,169
2,368
2,205
2,082
2,348
2,478
2,535
2,636
2,603
2,681
2,413
2,415
2,679
2,804
3,366
2,346
2,168
1,677
2,137
2,750
2,938
3,280
3,167
2,826
3,155
3,010
2,604
2,335
2,557
2,565
2,511
2,490
2,510
2,520
2,410
2,500
2,500
29,661
25,790
25,383
15,367
22,498
25,500
26,003
27,274
28,346
27,199
28,944
28,129
26,465
27,977
30,432
31,897
31,607
31,354
32,723
31,045
32,003
32,229
33,402
1,812
1,762
1,862
1,827
1,862
1,842
1,762
1,742
1,782
1,772
1,792
1,812
1,803
505
506
504
516
522
524
530
537
535
540
545
548
526
3,088
3,115
3,139
3,124
3,064
3,105
3,130
3,097
3,065
3,127
3,136
3,169
3,113
3,075
3,075
3,075
3,175
3,075
3,100
3,100
3,275
2,825
2,975
2,975
2,925
3,054
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
1,350
1,400
1,350
1,450
1,420
1,130
1,000
590
360
550
220
230
918
2,410
2,320
2,420
2,400
2,420
2,260
2,390
2,370
2,420
2,370
2,270
2,350
2,367
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
9,140
9,140
9,140
9,440
9,640
9,840
10,040
10,240
10,140
9,840
9,840
9,840
9,693
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
32,373
32,311
32,483
32,925
32,996
32,794
32,945
32,844
32,120
32,167
31,671
31,867
32,460
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,420
1,663
1,733
1,673
1,743
1,683
1,663
1,713
1,813
1,823
1,848
1,813
1,733
1,742
550
551
557
560
554
555
558
558
551
557
563
561
556
3,270
3,260
3,230
3,230
3,230
3,150
3,150
3,200
3,250
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,239
3,125
3,425
3,325
3,300
3,325
3,325
3,195
3,225
3,515
3,465
3,425
3,775
3,368
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,575
2,500
2,500
2,619
510
380
250
210
230
235
435
530
785
950
615
510
471
2,470
2,420
2,370
2,420
2,320
2,420
2,470
2,520
2,470
2,320
2,440
2,440
2,423
1,563
1,563
1,563
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,553
1,513
1,513
1,503
1,503
1,540
9,940
9,890
9,690
9,690
9,690
9,690
9,840
9,740
9,640
9,740
9,640
9,640
9,735
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
32,481
32,612
32,048
32,096
31,975
31,981
32,304
32,529
32,937
33,008
32,539
32,702
32,433
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,370
1,860
1,810
1,820
1,830
1,840
1,860
1,890
1,910
1,800
1,810
1,843
558
553
553
548
543
541
538
537
539
538
545
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,300
3,475
3,325
3,775
3,825
3,975
4,325
4,375
4,275
4,425
4,275
4,010
2,550
2,650
2,650
2,650
2,550
2,550
2,550
2,550
2,550
2,550
2,579
370
360
475
505
430
410
400
360
375
415
410
R 2,470
R 2,470
R 2,420
R 2,520
9,640
9,740
9,940
9,940
10,140
10,240
10,290
10,290
10,190
10,140
10,057
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,820
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
R 32,427
R 32,418
R 33,148
R 33,339
2,170
2,220
2,270
R 2,320
R 2,320
2,370
2,354
1,514
1,520
1,525
1,531
1,532
1,537
1,537
1,537
1,537
1,537
1,531

1,420
1,470
1,735
1,803
555
522
3,227
3,105
3,321
3,075
2,642
2,650
453
1,057
2,420
2,379
1,548
1,553
9,754
9,664
2,820
2,820
2,500
2,500
32,396
32,598
Algeria
Angola
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
983
1,106
1,036
1,180
1,162
1,227
1,259
1,226
1,177
1,214
1,265
1,349
1,516
1,582
1,692
1,699
1,708
1,705
1,585
1,540
1,540
1,532
162
165
150
231
475
646
709
714
735
745
746
742
896
903
1,052
1,239
1,398
1,724
1,951
1,877
1,909
1,756
1,787
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,470
1,370
1,470
1,462
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Ecuador
a Except for the period from August 1990 through May 1991, includes about
one-half of the production in the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. Kuwaiti Neutral
Zone output was discontinued following Iraqs invasion of Kuwait on August 2,
1990, but was resumed in June 1991. In October 2015, Neutral Zone production by
both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia totaled about 20 thousand barrels per day. Data for
Saudi Arabia include approximately 150 thousand barrels per day from the Abu
Safah field produced on behalf of Bahrain.
b See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Glossary.
On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in
all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador
rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and
166
33,170
33,673
33,840
R 33,769
R 33,726
33,625
33,320
Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"
for all years.
R=Revised.
Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas
plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to
the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary
monthly data are not available.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual and monthly data beginning in 1973.
Data not available.
Table 11.1b World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World
Selected Non-OPECa Producers
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Canada
China
Egypt
Mexico
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
20,668
18,934
17,961
9,630
15,278
17,208
17,367
18,095
19,337
18,667
19,897
19,114
17,824
19,154
20,906
21,644
21,377
20,904
22,186
20,754
21,589
22,953
23,233
1,798
1,430
1,435
1,471
1,553
1,805
1,837
1,922
1,981
1,907
1,977
2,029
2,171
2,306
2,398
2,369
2,525
2,628
2,579
2,579
2,741
2,901
3,138
1,090
1,490
2,114
2,505
2,774
2,990
3,131
3,200
3,198
3,195
3,249
3,300
3,390
3,409
3,485
3,609
3,673
3,729
3,790
3,796
4,078
4,059
4,085
165
235
595
887
873
920
922
856
834
852
768
720
715
713
673
623
535
530
566
587
568
551
539
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
22,374
22,401
22,425
22,810
22,850
23,116
23,341
23,683
23,101
23,013
23,022
23,005
22,932
3,329
3,259
3,429
3,237
3,026
3,146
3,306
3,471
3,352
3,335
3,468
3,534
3,325
4,168
4,146
4,164
4,174
4,174
4,244
4,043
4,075
4,107
4,255
4,205
4,215
4,164
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
23,417
23,657
23,327
23,292
23,317
23,237
23,258
23,238
23,438
23,463
23,238
23,588
23,371
3,568
3,578
3,685
3,556
3,467
3,548
3,589
3,547
3,595
3,727
3,714
3,780
3,613
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
23,349
23,405
24,060
24,116
24,367
24,822
24,922
24,822
24,872
24,672
24,347

23,362
22,915
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
Russia
United
Kingdom
United
States
Total
NonOPECa
World
8,324
9,523
11,706
11,585
10,975
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,995
5,850
5,920
5,854
6,079
6,479
6,917
7,408
8,132
8,805
9,043
9,247
9,437
9,357
9,495
9,694
9,774
9,922
2
12
1,622
2,530
1,820
2,489
2,568
2,518
2,616
2,684
2,275
2,282
2,292
2,093
1,845
1,649
1,490
1,498
1,391
1,328
1,233
1,026
888
9,208
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,744
5,649
5,441
5,184
5,087
5,077
5,001
5,354
5,476
5,637
6,476
26,018
27,039
34,175
38,598
37,999
36,934
37,815
38,532
38,685
38,768
39,583
40,003
40,825
41,483
42,163
41,969
41,868
41,809
41,343
41,849
42,636
42,511
42,733
55,679
52,828
59,558
53,965
60,497
62,434
63,818
65,806
67,032
65,967
68,527
68,132
67,290
69,460
72,595
73,866
73,474
73,163
74,066
72,894
74,639
74,740
76,135
1,550
1,512
1,507
1,567
1,583
1,390
1,642
1,547
1,375
1,483
1,611
1,617
1,533
9,995
9,990
9,995
10,002
10,018
9,955
10,052
10,064
10,082
10,109
10,209
10,170
10,054
825
823
812
830
861
781
792
630
744
732
833
955
801
7,078
7,095
7,161
7,375
7,301
7,264
7,453
7,502
7,727
7,702
7,897
7,873
7,454
43,448
43,288
43,326
43,321
43,209
43,392
43,720
43,563
43,762
44,094
44,872
45,019
43,754
75,822
75,599
75,809
76,246
76,204
76,186
76,666
76,407
75,882
76,261
76,543
76,887
76,214
2,545
2,541
2,511
2,518
2,530
2,476
2,427
2,455
2,430
2,402
2,401
2,392
2,469
1,629
1,611
1,597
1,613
1,358
1,459
1,588
1,546
1,517
1,615
1,600
1,616
1,562
10,131
10,106
10,103
10,083
10,083
10,095
10,003
10,056
10,079
10,176
10,173
10,197
10,107
825
929
909
820
869
752
705
468
748
790
798
846
787
7,998
8,087
8,244
8,568
R 8,577
R 8,678
R 8,754
R 8,835
R 8,959
R 9,129
R 9,201
R 9,428
R 8,708
44,727
45,124
45,117
45,134
R 44,955
R 45,319
R 45,242
R 45,198
R 45,615
R 46,208
R 46,565
R 47,207
R 45,536
77,209
77,736
77,164
77,230
R 76,930
R 77,300
R 77,547
R 77,727
R 78,552
R 79,217
R 79,104
R 79,910
R 77,970
508
516
525
503
512
504
524
511
510
509
512
2,290
2,370
2,356
2,235
2,263
2,283
2,308
2,291
2,306
2,314
2,301
1,579
1,589
1,586
1,614
1,555
1,596
1,611
1,599
1,581
1,685
1,600
10,246
10,196
10,234
10,200
10,180
10,150
10,140
10,189
872
812
867
925
1,016
870
839
788
862
912
877
RE 9,345
RE 9,456
RE 9,653
RE 9,694
RE 9,479
RE 9,315
RE 9,433
RE 9,407
RE 9,460
E 9,347
E 9,459
R 46,960
R 46,871
R 47,031
R 46,654
R 46,206
R 46,372
R 46,691
R 46,677
R 46,273
R 79,387
R 79,289
R 80,179
R 79,993
R 79,376
R 80,046
R 80,531
R 80,446
R 79,999
46,444
46,617
80,070
79,937
514
523
2,483
2,563
1,553
1,516
10,091
10,027
780
782
8,586
7,368
45,264
43,515
77,660
76,113
Norway
Former
U.S.S.R.
465
705
1,936
2,745
2,553
2,711
2,944
3,104
3,160
2,998
3,104
3,218
3,263
3,459
3,476
3,423
3,345
3,143
2,839
2,646
2,621
2,600
2,593
32
189
486
773
1,630
2,766
3,091
3,142
3,011
3,019
3,222
3,226
3,131
3,042
2,954
2,698
2,491
2,270
2,182
2,067
1,871
1,760
1,612
515
512
514
522
524
529
525
525
532
535
523
528
524
2,602
2,595
2,555
2,557
2,548
2,559
2,522
2,554
2,563
2,580
2,553
2,557
2,562
4,141
4,201
4,153
4,132
4,181
4,259
4,084
4,118
4,175
4,224
4,290
4,315
4,189
518
513
513
507
514
510
516
509
517
522
537
527
517
3,885
3,906
3,775
3,463
3,212
3,457
3,821
3,912
3,412
3,581
3,642
4,232
4,218
4,254
4,258
4,271
4,408
4,263
4,278
4,317
4,259
4,276
3,586
3,290
4,166
4,155
a See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.

On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in
all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador
rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and
Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"
for all years.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. E=Estimate.
R 10,198
R 10,182
R 10,163
Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas
plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to
the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary
monthly data are not available. Data for countries may not sum to World totals
due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the
Web Page:
167
Figure 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

Overview, 19732014
OECD Total, September

60
100
80
World
45.828
45.829
46.369
2013
2014
2015
40
60
OECD
40
20
United States
20
OECD Europe
Japan
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Selected OECD Country

September 2014
September 2015
1.728
France
1.746
2.499
Germany
2.532
1.274
Italy
1.361
1.512
United Kingdom
1.623
2.477
Canada
2.375
3.851
Japan
3.942
2.294
South Korea
2.379
19.246
United States
19.225
12
16
20
24
Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Development.
Source: Table 11.2.
168
Table 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

France
Germanya
Italy
United
Kingdom
OECD
Europeb
Canada
Japan
South
Korea
United
States
Other
OECDc
OECDd
World
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
2,601
2,252
2,256
1,753
1,827
1,915
1,943
1,962
2,040
2,034
2,001
2,054
1,991
2,001
2,008
1,990
1,991
1,978
1,940
1,863
1,822
1,779
1,739
3,324
2,957
3,082
2,651
2,682
2,882
2,922
2,917
2,923
2,836
2,767
2,807
2,710
2,679
2,648
2,624
2,636
2,407
2,533
2,434
2,467
2,392
2,389
2,068
1,855
1,934
1,705
1,868
1,942
1,920
1,934
1,943
1,891
1,854
1,835
1,870
1,860
1,829
1,781
1,777
1,729
1,667
1,544
1,544
1,494
1,370
2,341
1,911
1,725
1,617
1,776
1,816
1,852
1,810
1,792
1,811
1,765
1,747
1,739
1,759
1,789
1,819
1,806
1,751
1,731
1,635
1,618
1,577
1,527
15,879
14,314
14,995
12,770
13,763
14,758
15,051
15,193
15,498
15,410
15,277
15,453
15,393
15,515
15,603
15,714
15,718
15,534
15,415
14,686
14,678
14,207
13,743
1,729
1,779
1,873
1,514
1,722
1,799
1,853
1,940
1,931
2,016
2,008
2,029
2,040
2,155
2,233
2,296
2,294
2,389
2,317
2,230
2,326
2,357
2,403
4,949
4,621
4,960
4,436
5,293
5,659
5,704
5,667
5,472
5,606
5,480
5,380
5,287
5,397
5,288
5,298
5,168
5,009
4,770
4,363
4,429
4,439
4,697
281
311
537
552
1,048
2,008
2,101
2,255
1,917
2,084
2,135
2,132
2,149
2,175
2,155
2,191
2,180
2,240
2,142
2,188
2,269
2,259
2,322
17,308
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
19,180
18,882
18,490
1,768
1,885
2,449
2,699
3,038
3,452
3,509
3,629
3,757
3,842
3,905
3,903
3,891
3,960
4,054
4,114
4,150
4,268
4,227
4,120
4,116
4,200
4,264
41,913
39,232
41,870
37,697
41,852
45,401
46,527
47,305
47,492
48,478
48,506
48,546
48,522
49,235
50,064
50,416
50,197
50,121
48,368
46,358
46,998
46,345
45,919
57,237
56,198
63,113
60,083
66,627
70,094
71,675
73,427
74,080
75,796
76,928
77,732
78,457
80,089
83,063
84,588
85,592
86,788
86,082
85,021
88,205
89,114
90,376
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,665
1,791
1,726
1,787
1,718
1,696
1,838
1,674
1,695
1,747
1,605
1,619
1,713
2,263
2,347
2,369
2,635
2,487
2,504
2,481
2,417
2,479
2,607
2,465
2,170
2,435
1,190
1,281
1,243
1,260
1,228
1,231
1,369
1,227
1,280
1,340
1,218
1,252
1,260
1,392
1,531
1,432
1,545
1,508
1,589
1,527
1,515
1,543
1,453
1,554
1,452
1,502
12,775
13,361
13,072
13,968
13,732
13,624
14,151
13,708
13,811
14,003
13,499
12,957
13,555
2,437
2,395
2,330
2,318
2,412
2,342
2,401
2,375
2,386
2,326
2,438
2,335
2,374
5,139
5,258
4,742
4,351
4,112
3,912
4,389
4,403
4,136
4,192
4,838
5,246
4,557
2,425
2,412
2,182
2,291
2,279
2,324
2,268
2,329
2,240
2,253
2,459
2,488
2,328
18,749
18,643
18,531
18,584
18,779
18,806
19,257
19,125
19,252
19,312
19,491
18,983
18,961
4,203
4,274
4,165
4,311
4,237
4,269
4,226
4,320
4,004
4,251
4,155
4,225
4,220
45,728
46,343
45,021
45,823
45,552
45,278
46,691
46,260
45,828
46,338
46,880
46,234
45,996
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
91,243
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,592
1,691
1,625
1,687
1,535
1,681
1,787
1,623
1,728
1,724
1,474
1,691
1,653
2,291
2,309
2,458
2,411
2,348
2,289
2,485
2,435
2,499
2,506
2,390
2,323
2,396
1,179
1,223
1,186
1,193
1,231
1,219
1,307
1,177
1,274
1,268
1,166
1,272
1,225
1,425
1,550
1,442
1,514
1,469
1,546
1,498
1,533
1,512
1,519
1,528
1,535
1,505
12,515
13,153
13,152
13,360
13,083
13,509
13,887
13,414
13,915
13,871
12,998
13,293
13,347
2,403
2,515
2,327
2,247
2,317
2,398
2,469
2,383
2,477
2,426
2,366
2,423
2,395
5,042
5,291
4,906
4,125
3,840
3,833
3,982
3,954
3,851
3,984
4,354
5,096
4,350
2,353
2,374
2,327
2,278
2,328
2,319
2,303
2,370
2,294
2,247
2,360
2,526
2,340
19,102
18,908
18,464
18,849
18,585
18,890
19,283
19,400
19,246
19,691
19,370
19,457
19,106
3,985
4,184
4,115
4,062
4,135
4,056
4,163
4,004
4,046
4,140
4,041
4,183
4,093
45,400
46,426
45,293
44,921
44,289
45,005
46,087
45,525
45,829
46,359
45,490
46,978
45,630
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
92,325
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
1,615
1,754
1,669
1,674
1,497
1,727
1,766
1,631
1,746
1,674
2,310
2,462
2,405
2,385
2,190
2,337
2,422
2,435
2,532
2,385
1,155
1,262
1,251
1,340
1,256
1,326
1,422
1,272
1,361
1,294
1,431
1,653
1,477
1,568
1,485
1,558
1,494
1,578
1,623
1,539
12,987
13,853
13,458
13,661
12,951
13,915
14,110
13,908
14,340
13,682
2,374
2,452
2,270
2,211
2,252
2,322
2,372
2,388
2,375
2,334
4,633
5,158
4,617
4,246
3,678
3,760
3,880
3,998
3,942
4,205
2,489
2,532
2,427
2,402
2,224
2,328
2,313
2,466
2,379
2,394
19,249
19,396
19,238
19,037
19,117
19,591
19,979
19,814
19,225
19,406
3,965
4,202
4,082
4,047
4,059
4,139
4,231
4,092
4,109
4,102
45,698
47,592
46,092
45,602
44,281
46,055
46,885
46,665
46,369
46,123
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

1,660
1,731
2,392
2,442
1,221
1,256
1,498
1,508
13,331
13,578
2,392
2,377
4,307
4,489
2,327
2,304
18,970
18,861
4,083
4,223
45,410
45,832
NA
NA
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
2010 Average
2011 Average
2012 Average
a Data are for unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West
Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; for 1984
forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia; and, for 2000 forward,
Slovenia.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories; for
1984 forward, Mexico; and, for 2000 forward, Chile, Estonia, and Israel.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
NA=Not available.
rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of

Columbia.
Web Page:
Sources: United States: Table 3.1. Chile, East Germany, Former
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Non-OECD
Countries, U.S. Territories, and World: 19731979U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), International Energy Database. Countries Other Than
United States: 19802008EIA, International Energy Statistics (IES). OECD
Countries, and U.S. Territories: 2009 forwardEIA, IES. World: 2009
forwardEIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, January 2016, Table 3a. All Other
Data:International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil Statistics and Energy
Balances in OECD Countries, various issues.
169
Figure 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Billion Barrels)
Overview, End of Year, 19732014
OECD Stocks, End of Month, September
5
4.541
4.279
4.310
2013
2014
OECD
2
United States
OECD Europe
Japan
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
By Selected OECD Country, End of Month
September 2014
September 2015
0.171
France
0.167
0.283
Germany
0.283
0.123
Italy
0.117
0.074
United Kingdom
0.079
0.186
Canada
0.181
0.608
Japan
0.590
0.197
South Korea
0.226
1.840
United States
2.001
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Source: Table 11.3.
170
1.8
2.0
2.2
Table 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Million Barrels)
France
1973 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
1996 Year
1997 Year
1998 Year
1999 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year
2012 Year
Germanya
Italy
United
Kingdom
OECD
Europeb
Canada
Japan
South
Korea
United
States
Other
OECDc
OECDd
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
201
225
243
139
143
155
154
161
169
160
170
165
170
179
177
185
182
180
179
175
168
165
162
181
187
319
277
280
302
303
299
323
290
272
273
253
273
267
283
283
275
279
284
287
281
288
152
143
170
156
171
162
152
147
153
148
157
151
156
153
154
151
153
152
148
146
143
135
126
156
165
168
131
103
101
103
100
104
101
100
113
104
100
101
95
103
92
93
89
83
80
80
1,070
1,154
1,464
1,154
1,222
1,256
1,259
1,271
1,355
1,258
1,318
1,306
1,273
1,316
1,319
1,380
1,413
1,398
1,441
1,432
1,393
1,338
1,347
140
174
164
112
143
132
127
144
139
141
143
154
155
165
154
168
169
163
162
157
184
178
174
303
375
495
500
572
631
651
685
649
629
634
634
615
636
635
612
631
621
629
591
590
592
594
NA
NA
NA
13
64
92
123
124
129
132
140
143
140
155
149
135
152
143
135
155
165
167
181
1,008
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
1,794
1,750
1,808
67
67
72
119
126
122
127
123
120
114
126
120
112
105
108
112
113
121
124
118
119
117
107
2,588
2,903
3,587
3,417
3,749
3,795
3,794
3,907
4,039
3,766
3,829
3,944
3,843
3,945
4,010
4,105
4,197
4,112
4,227
4,230
4,246
4,143
4,212
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ...............
162
162
161
159
163
166
166
167
166
167
167
167
294
291
293
291
293
290
290
289
288
290
289
290
129
130
131
132
121
126
126
127
131
130
131
125
82
81
77
81
81
81
77
76
75
75
74
78
1,384
1,389
1,383
1,379
1,355
1,352
1,363
1,353
1,360
1,359
1,346
1,350
172
174
171
172
169
174
178
185
183
176
174
170
596
587
594
601
597
591
582
582
594
590
591
580
181
177
188
178
180
185
196
193
196
193
185
185
1,811
1,790
1,793
1,808
1,817
1,819
1,818
1,823
1,833
1,810
1,789
1,761
105
110
114
113
111
115
113
113
112
114
113
111
4,249
4,227
4,245
4,251
4,228
4,236
4,250
4,250
4,279
4,241
4,198
4,157
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ...............
171
167
167
167
172
168
170
173
171
169
168
168
290
295
288
290
292
290
286
286
283
280
282
284
128
124
123
122
128
122
120
125
123
117
124
119
76
77
76
75
75
74
72
76
74
72
76
78
1,370
1,365
1,353
1,349
1,371
1,356
1,351
1,370
1,364
1,348
1,351
1,355
170
176
174
178
176
179
187
187
186
185
188
193
583
580
589
578
587
589
595
605
608
609
597
581
184
188
193
187
191
188
190
197
197
196
202
197
1,749
1,751
1,759
1,787
1,816
1,819
1,822
1,827
1,840
1,834
1,844
1,860
112
114
110
112
115
112
114
117
116
114
112
114
4,168
4,174
4,179
4,191
4,256
4,244
4,259
4,303
4,310
4,287
4,295
4,299
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
170
170
173
170
175
170
168
167
167
286
288
286
286
290
287
283
284
283
116
113
121
124
122
117
116
123
117
73
75
76
85
78
77
74
77
79
1,371
1,383
1,408
1,411
1,418
1,409
1,400
1,427
1,430
192
184
183
185
181
176
184
185
181
574
568
568
558
582
578
589
594
590
197
198
201
210
224
225
223
227
226
1,874
1,878
1,908
1,935
1,958
1,971
1,969
1,991
2,001
114
112
110
110
107
113
113
113
113
4,322
4,321
4,378
4,409
4,470
4,471
4,477
4,537
4,541
a Through December 1983, the data for Germany are for the former West
Germany only. Beginning with January 1984, the data for Germany are for the
unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; for 1984
forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia; and, for 2000 forward,
Slovenia.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories; for
1984 forward, Mexico; and, for 2000 forward, Chile, Estonia, and Israel.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
NA=Not available.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Petroleum stocks include crude oil
(including strategic reserves), unfinished oils, natural gas plant liquids, and refined
products. In the United States in January 1975, 1981, and 1983, numerous
respondents were added to bulk terminal and pipeline surveys, thereby affecting
subsequent stocks reported. New-basis end-of-year U.S. stocks, in million barrels,
would have been 1,121 in 1974, 1,425 in 1980, and 1,461 in 1982. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic
Web Page:
Sources: United States: Table 3.4. U.S. Territories: 1983
forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Database.
All Other Data: 19731982International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil
Statistics and Energy Balances, various issues. 1983IEA, Monthly Oil and Gas
Statistics Database. 1984 forwardIEA, Monthly Oil Data Service, January 19,
2016.
171
International Petroleum
Tables 11.1a and 11.1b Sources
United States
Table 3.1.
All Other Countries and World, Annual Data
International Energy Annual 1981, Table 8.
1980 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, January
2016.
All Other Countries and World, Monthly Data
19731980: Petroleum Intelligence Weekly (PIW), Oil &
Gas Journal (OGJ), and EIA adjustments.
19811993: PIW, OGJ, and other industry sources.
1994 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, January
2016.
172
12. Environment
Figure 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
a
Total,a Monthly
Total, 19732014
8,000
800
6,000
600
4,000
400
2,000
200
2013
2014
2015
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

300
3,000
Petroleum
Petroleum
200
2,000
Coalb
1,000
Coalb
100
Natural Gas
Natural
Gas
0
1975
1980
1985 1990
1995
2000
2005 2010
2013
2014
2015
5,000
4,412
4,485
4,420
Petroleum
4,000
192
3,000
b
Coal
111
2,000
1,000
Natural Gas
107
0
2013
a
b
174
2014
2015
Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Includes coal coke net imports.
50
100
150
200
250
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.

Source: Table 12.1.
Table 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coalb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Natural Aviation Distillate

Gasc Gasoline Fuel Oild
Jet
Fuel
Kerosene
LPGe
Lubricants
Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinef
Coke
Fuel Oil
Otherg
Total
Totalh,i
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,207
1,181
1,436
1,638
1,821
1,913
1,995
2,040
2,064
2,062
2,155
2,088
2,095
2,136
2,160
2,182
2,147
2,172
2,140
1,876
1,986
1,876
1,657
1,178
1,046
1,061
926
1,024
1,183
1,204
1,210
1,189
1,193
1,243
1,188
1,227
1,193
1,200
1,183
1,167
1,241
1,248
1,225
1,286
1,305
1,363
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
480
443
446
445
470
498
524
534
537
555
579
597
586
610
632
639
645
647
610
559
585
599
574
155
146
156
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
210
209
206
32
24
24
17
6
8
9
10
12
11
10
11
6
8
10
10
8
5
2
3
3
2
1
92
82
87
87
67
80
86
87
82
90
97
88
91
87
87
84
80
83
79
78
79
78
81
13
11
13
12
13
13
12
13
14
14
14
13
12
11
12
12
11
12
11
10
11
10
9
911
911
900
930
988
1,045
1,063
1,075
1,107
1,128
1,136
1,152
1,183
1,187
1,210
1,209
1,217
1,211
1,143
1,129
1,112
1,078
1,071
54
51
49
54
70
76
79
80
93
96
86
89
96
96
107
106
106
100
93
87
82
79
79
508
443
453
216
220
152
152
142
158
148
163
144
125
138
155
165
122
128
110
90
93
79
65
100
97
142
93
127
121
139
145
128
133
118
135
130
142
144
143
152
150
132
112
122
117
113
2,350
2,212
2,275
2,036
2,187
2,216
2,300
2,323
2,372
2,422
2,459
2,474
2,470
2,513
2,598
2,617
2,584
2,576
2,409
2,273
2,299
2,252
2,200
4,735
4,439
4,771
4,600
5,039
5,323
5,510
5,584
5,635
5,688
5,868
5,761
5,804
5,853
5,970
5,993
5,910
6,001
5,809
5,386
5,576
5,439
5,227
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
150
135
141
123
130
149
164
162
145
134
133
154
1,718
155
138
135
105
93
93
103
103
94
100
124
157
1,400
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
53
47
49
48
48
46
47
47
46
52
48
50
581
16
15
17
17
18
18
19
19
17
18
17
18
210
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
9
8
8
7
6
6
7
6
6
8
8
9
88
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
87
79
90
89
94
92
96
95
90
93
90
90
1,087
7
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
6
7
6
77
5
4
7
4
4
4
5
6
5
4
5
3
56
9
9
8
9
11
9
11
9
12
9
11
11
119
188
167
186
180
190
182
193
192
186
192
188
187
2,231
493
441
463
409
414
425
460
457
425
425
446
498
5,355
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
166
152
145
118
129
149
162
161
139
125
130
136
1,713
174
148
138
105
97
94
101
104
97
103
127
145
1,434
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
56
49
52
50
51
49
50
50
49
55
49
54
614
17
16
18
18
17
19
19
19
18
18
18
19
216
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
10
7
7
6
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
83
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
86
81
91
90
94
91
96
97
89
95
90
93
1,095
8
5
3
6
7
6
8
6
7
7
7
5
76
5
3
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
5
4
45
8
9
9
10
9
9
9
9
11
10
9
9
110
191
171
184
185
188
184
193
193
186
197
187
193
2,252
531
472
468
409
416
R 426
457
458
422
426
445
475
5,406
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
143
135
119
100
116
138
153
148
131
111
1,294
169
159
141
109
101
103
112
111
103
107
1,216
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
55
53
52
50
49
48
50
50
50
51
508
17
16
19
18
19
20
20
20
19
20
187
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
9
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
67
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
91
81
94
92
96
95
98
99
93
96
937
7
4
7
7
7
7
8
8
5
6
66
4
3
4
2
R3
R2
5
5
4
3
36
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
10
8
8
94
193
175
194
185
193
190
200
198
186
192
1,906
505
469
455
395
410
432
465
458
421
412
4,420

1,446
1,431
1,162
1,119
1
1
510
483
179
175
1
1
67
71
9
8
912
906
64
65
37
48
92
96
1,871
1,855
4,485
4,412
a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Includes coal coke net imports.
c Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
e Liquefied petroleum gases.
f Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
g Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
h Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass
waste. See Table 12.6.
i Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
consumption, including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels.
See "Section 12
Methodology and Sources" at end of section. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at
end of section. Data exclude emissions from biomass energy consumption. See
Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment
175
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
Totala by End-Use Sector,b 19732014
2,500
Residential Sector by Major Source, 19732014

1,000
2,000
750
Industrial
1,500
Retail Electricityb
Transportation
500
Residential
1,000
Natural Gas
Commercial
250
500
Petroleum
0
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Commercial Sector by Major Source, 19732014

1,000
750
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Industrial Sector by Major Source, 19732014

1,000
Retail Electricityb
750
Retail Electricityb
Natural Gas
500
500
Petroleum
250
Natural Gas
250
Coal
Petroleum
0
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Transportation Sector by Major Source, 19732014
Electric Power Sector by Major Source, 19732014
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
Coal
Petroleum
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
Petroleum
Base Gas
500
500
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
0
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
a
Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of
b
176
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

total electricity retail sales.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.
Sources: Tables 12.212.6.
Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Kerosene
LPGd
Total
Retail
Electricitye
Totalf
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
6
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
264
266
256
241
238
263
284
270
247
257
271
259
265
276
264
262
237
257
266
259
259
255
225
147
132
96
80
72
66
68
64
56
60
66
66
63
68
67
62
52
53
55
43
41
38
35
16
12
8
11
5
5
6
7
8
8
7
7
4
5
6
6
5
3
2
2
2
1
1
36
32
20
20
22
25
30
29
27
33
35
33
34
34
32
32
28
31
35
35
33
32
25
199
176
124
111
98
96
104
99
91
102
108
106
101
108
106
101
85
86
91
79
77
72
61
435
419
529
553
624
678
710
719
759
762
805
805
835
847
856
897
869
897
877
819
872
821
755
907
867
911
909
963
1,039
1,099
1,090
1,097
1,122
1,185
1,171
1,203
1,232
1,227
1,261
1,191
1,241
1,234
1,157
1,207
1,148
1,041
2013 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
47
41
36
20
11
7
6
6
6
12
28
46
267
6
5
5
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
36
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
30
9
8
7
6
4
4
4
4
5
4
5
6
66
72
60
62
49
51
66
82
79
66
53
54
73
766
128
109
105
75
66
77
92
89
77
70
87
126
1,098
2014 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
57
47
38
19
11
7
6
6
7
12
30
39
278
4
5
4
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
R 39
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
29
R8
7
7
4
5
R5
4
R5
5
6
6
7
R 69
84
72
63
46
51
65
77
77
63
50
54
63
765
148
126
108
70
67
R 77
88
88
75
68
90
110
R 1,112
2015 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
10-Month Total .........
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
51
49
35
18
10
7
6
6
6
11
198
5
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
4
28
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
24
8
7
6
4
R5
3
4
4
4
7
52
73
67
57
42
49
66
81
78
65
49
628
132
123
98
64
R 64
76
91
88
R 75
66
878
2014 10-Month Total .........

2013 10-Month Total .........
NA
NA
209
192
31
30
1
(s)
24
24
56
55
650
639
915
886
R4

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Liquefied petroleum gases.
e Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use
sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See
Tables 7.6 and 12.6.
f Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
consumption. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.
See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. Data exclude emissions from
biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals
Web Page:
177
Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Kerosene
Motor
Gasolinee
LPGd
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Retail
Electricityf
Totalg
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
15
14
11
13
12
11
12
12
9
10
9
9
9
8
10
9
6
7
8
7
7
6
4
141
136
141
132
142
164
171
174
164
165
173
164
170
173
170
163
154
164
171
169
168
171
157
47
43
38
46
39
35
35
32
31
32
36
37
32
36
34
33
29
28
28
29
29
29
26
5
4
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
8
6
6
6
7
8
8
7
9
9
9
9
10
10
8
8
8
10
9
9
9
9
6
6
8
7
8
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
52
39
44
18
18
11
11
9
7
6
7
6
6
9
10
9
6
6
6
6
5
4
2
120
100
98
79
73
56
57
54
50
51
58
57
52
60
58
55
47
46
47
47
46
45
40
334
333
412
480
566
620
643
686
724
735
783
797
795
796
815
841
835
861
849
784
802
767
729
609
583
662
704
793
851
883
926
947
960
1,022
1,027
1,026
1,037
1,053
1,069
1,043
1,078
1,075
1,007
1,023
988
930
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
26
23
21
14
9
7
7
7
8
11
19
26
179
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
25
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
5
5
5
4
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
4
40
58
54
57
52
58
66
72
72
64
60
57
62
734
90
83
84
70
70
76
82
83
75
74
79
92
957
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
5
31
27
23
14
10
8
8
7
8
11
20
23
189
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
26
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
4
4
4
2
3
3
2
R2
3
3
4
4
R 39
65
58
59
52
58
65
71
72
63
58
56
R 57
735
R 101
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
29
28
21
13
9
7
7
8
8
11
141
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
19
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
29
59
57
53
49
57
66
72
70
63
56
600
93
90
78
R 64
68
75
82
80
73
71
774
2014 10-Month Total .......

2013 10-Month Total .......
4
3
146
135
21
21
(s)
(s)
8
8
2
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
31
33
621
615
803
786

e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
178
R3
90
86
68
71
76
81
82
74
73
80
84
R 968
Web Page:
Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Coal
Coke
Net
Natural Distillate
Imports Gasb Fuel Oilc
Petroleum
Kerosene
LPGd
Lubricants
Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinee
Coke
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
Retail
Electricityg
Totalh
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
371
336
289
256
258
233
227
224
219
208
211
204
188
190
191
183
179
175
168
131
153
146
141
2
-4
-2
1
7
3
5
8
7
7
3
7
6
16
5
7
3
5
-3
-1
1
(s)
536
440
429
360
432
489
505
505
495
475
483
440
448
432
437
405
404
414
412
386
421
431
447
106
97
96
81
84
82
86
88
88
86
87
95
88
85
88
92
91
91
98
78
84
90
93
11
9
13
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
44
39
61
59
37
47
48
50
47
47
52
45
47
41
44
42
43
43
32
33
35
34
45
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
18
16
11
15
13
14
14
15
14
11
11
21
22
23
26
25
26
21
17
16
17
17
17
52
51
48
54
67
67
71
70
80
85
76
79
79
78
85
82
85
83
78
73
68
65
70
144
117
105
57
31
25
24
21
16
14
17
14
13
16
18
20
16
13
13
8
6
6
3
100
97
142
93
127
121
139
145
128
133
118
135
130
142
144
143
152
150
132
112
122
117
113
483
431
483
369
366
364
391
396
382
383
369
396
386
392
413
413
422
408
376
325
338
335
346
515
490
601
583
638
659
678
694
706
704
719
667
654
672
674
672
650
662
642
550
586
572
541
1,904
1,697
1,798
1,566
1,695
1,751
1,803
1,824
1,809
1,778
1,788
1,711
1,683
1,692
1,731
1,678
1,662
1,661
1,602
1,390
1,497
1,486
1,476
2013 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
144
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
-2
42
38
40
38
37
36
37
37
36
38
40
43
463
10
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
11
9
9
92
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
46
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
18
7
4
5
4
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
65
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
9
9
8
9
11
9
11
9
12
9
11
11
119
32
26
26
26
29
27
28
26
30
31
33
32
347
44
41
44
42
45
47
49
50
45
45
44
44
541
130
117
123
116
124
121
126
125
124
126
129
131
1,493
2014 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
11
12
11
11
141
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
-2
44
40
42
39
38
37
38
38
37
39
41
43
476
12
8
9
9
8
R7
7
6
7
10
7
10
R 100
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
4
4
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
42
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
18
7
4
2
5
6
5
7
5
6
6
6
4
64
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
8
9
9
10
9
9
9
9
11
10
9
9
110
34
27
25
29
27
25
27
26
29
32
29
29
R 341
46
42
44
40
46
47
50
51
45
44
44
42
542
R 136
121
124
120
122
121
127
127
123
126
125
R 125
R 1,497
2015 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
10-Month Total ...
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
110
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
-2
44
41
42
39
38
37
38
38
37
39
393
11
11
10
9
7
7
7
7
9
7
85
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
4
4
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
33
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
1
5
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
15
6
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
5
56
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
10
8
8
94
33
29
31
29
29
30
30
29
26
25
290
41
40
38
37
42
46
48
47
43
40
420
129
120
121
114
119
123
127
125
117
115
1,210

118
120
-2
-1
392
379
83
74
(s)
(s)
33
37
4
4
15
15
54
54
2
2
92
96
282
282
455
452
1,246
1,232

f Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
g Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
h Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons and greater than -0.5 million
metric tons.
See "Section 12
Web Page:
179
Table 12.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector
Petroleum
Coal
Natural
Gasb
(s)
(s)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
39
32
34
28
36
38
39
41
35
36
36
35
37
33
32
33
33
35
37
38
38
39
41
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
163
155
204
232
268
307
327
341
352
365
377
387
394
408
433
444
467
469
424
405
426
437
416
2013 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
5
5
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
47
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2014 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
6
5
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
48
2015 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
2014 10-Month Total .......

2013 10-Month Total .......
(h)
(h)
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
Aviation
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
LPGd
Lubricants
152
145
155
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
210
209
206
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
886
889
881
908
967
1,029
1,047
1,057
1,090
1,115
1,122
1,128
1,158
1,161
1,181
1,182
1,188
1,186
1,124
1,109
1,091
1,058
1,051
57
56
110
62
80
72
67
56
53
52
70
46
53
45
58
66
71
78
73
62
70
61
53
33
30
34
35
37
36
38
38
35
38
35
35
424
16
15
17
17
18
18
19
19
17
18
17
18
210
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
86
78
89
88
93
90
94
94
89
91
88
89
1,066
4
3
6
3
3
3
4
5
5
3
4
2
46
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
35
32
36
37
38
38
40
40
37
R 39
35
37
R 443
17
16
18
18
17
19
19
19
18
18
18
19
216
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
85
80
89
89
92
89
95
95
87
94
88
91
1,075
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
35
6
5
5
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
40
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
R 34
37
38
38
40
40
38
37
372
17
16
19
18
19
20
20
20
19
20
187
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
1
5
89
80
93
91
94
93
97
97
92
95
919
3
(s)
3
2
3
2
4
4
3
3
27
39
38
1
1
371
354
179
175
2
2
4
4
895
889
28
40
33
R 36
Jet
Fuel

f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
h Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.
180
Motor
Gasolinee
Residual
Fuel Oil
Retail
Electricityf
Totalg
1,273
1,258
1,363
1,391
1,548
1,640
1,683
1,700
1,743
1,789
1,833
1,813
1,852
1,854
1,922
1,948
1,976
1,981
1,856
1,789
1,806
1,774
1,735
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
1,315
1,292
1,400
1,421
1,588
1,681
1,725
1,744
1,782
1,828
1,873
1,852
1,892
1,892
1,959
1,986
2,014
2,021
1,898
1,832
1,849
1,818
1,780
139
127
146
144
151
148
156
156
146
152
146
144
1,756
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
145
132
151
148
155
151
160
160
150
156
150
149
1,807
140
130
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
146
135
150
151
155
153
161
161
150
159
151
R 156
R 1,829
R 150
148
155
R 153
162
161
152
155
1,513
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
136
157
152
159
157
166
165
156
159
1,557
1,480
1,466
4
3
1,522
1,507
Total
R 145
147
152
150
158
R 157
146
155
146
151
R 1,778
145
130
R 152
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

See "Section 12
Web Page:
Table 12.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Geothermal
NonBiomass
Wasted
Totale
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
812
824
1,137
1,367
1,548
1,661
1,752
1,797
1,828
1,836
1,927
1,870
1,890
1,931
1,943
1,984
1,954
1,987
1,959
1,741
1,828
1,723
1,511
199
172
200
166
176
228
205
219
248
260
281
290
306
278
297
319
338
372
362
373
399
409
493
20
17
12
6
7
8
8
8
10
10
13
12
9
12
8
8
5
6
5
5
6
5
4
2
(s)
1
1
3
8
8
10
13
11
10
11
18
18
22
24
21
17
15
13
14
14
9
254
231
194
79
92
45
50
56
82
76
69
79
52
69
69
69
28
31
19
14
12
7
6
276
248
207
86
102
61
66
75
105
97
91
102
79
98
99
101
55
54
39
33
32
26
19
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
13
11
11
11
12
11
12
11
5
6
6
1,286
1,244
1,544
1,619
1,831
1,960
2,033
2,101
2,192
2,204
2,310
2,273
2,288
2,319
2,350
2,416
2,358
2,425
2,373
2,158
2,265
2,165
2,029
2013 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Total ............................
137
123
129
111
118
137
152
150
133
121
120
141
1,571
34
31
33
31
33
40
49
49
41
35
33
36
444
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
23
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
6
174
156
164
144
154
180
204
201
176
158
155
180
2,045
2014 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Total ............................
154
140
133
107
118
137
150
149
127
112
119
125
1,570
36
30
31
30
35
39
46
49
42
38
33
35
444
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
5
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
26
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
6
196
173
167
139
155
178
198
200
171
153
154
162
2,046
2015 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
10-Month Total ...........
131
123
107
89
105
127
142
136
120
99
1,181
39
35
39
36
40
49
57
56
49
43
444
1
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
7
3
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
1
(s)
1
5
173
164
148
128
148
178
201
195
171
145
1,652
2014 10-Month Total ...........

2013 10-Month Total ...........
1,327
1,310
376
375
5
3
10
11
7
5
22
19
(s)
(s)
5
5
1,730
1,710

d Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.
Through 1994, also includes blast furnace gas, and other manufactured and waste
gases derived from fossil fuels. Through 2009, also includes municipal solid waste
from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other
biomass.
e Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
Web Page:
181
Table 12.7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption

By Source
Woodb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2010 Total
2011 Total
2012 Total
Biomass
Wastec
Fuel
Ethanold
By Sector
Biodiesel
Total
Residential
Commerciale
Industrialf
Transportation
Electric
Powerg
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
143
140
232
252
208
222
229
222
205
208
212
188
187
188
199
200
197
196
193
181
186
189
189
(s)
(s)
(s)
14
24
30
32
30
30
29
27
33
36
36
35
37
36
37
39
41
42
42
42
NA
NA
NA
3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
31
39
55
62
73
73
73
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
3
3
3
2
8
8
143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
266
276
290
287
303
312
312
33
40
80
95
54
49
51
40
36
37
39
35
36
38
38
40
36
39
44
47
41
42
39
1
1
2
2
8
9
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
10
10
10
11
10
109
100
150
168
147
166
170
172
160
161
161
147
144
141
151
150
151
146
139
125
136
139
141
NA
NA
NA
3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
33
41
57
64
74
80
80
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
23
28
30
30
30
30
29
31
35
37
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
40
42
143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
266
276
290
287
303
312
312
2013 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
17
16
17
16
17
17
18
18
17
17
17
18
204
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
45
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
75
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
13
28
25
28
27
28
28
29
29
28
29
28
30
337
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
4
5
54
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
12
11
12
11
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
141
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
7
8
87
4
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
43
28
25
28
27
28
28
29
29
28
29
28
30
337
2014 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
18
16
18
17
17
17
18
18
17
17
17
18
209
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
47
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
6
7
76
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
29
26
29
28
29
29
30
30
28
29
29
30
345
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
4
5
54
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
143
7
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
7
8
7
8
88
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
49
29
26
29
28
29
29
30
30
28
29
29
30
345
2015 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
17
15
16
16
16
16
17
17
16
16
161
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
38
6
6
7
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
66
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
12
28
25
27
27
28
28
29
29
27
28
277
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
35
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
12
117
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
76
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
40
28
25
27
27
28
28
29
29
27
28
277

174
169
39
37
63
62
11
10
287
278
45
45
9
9
118
117
73
71
41
35
287
278

b Wood and wood-derived fuels.
c Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
d Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.
e Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants.
f Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
g The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
182
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

Notes: Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are
excluded from the energy-related carbon dioxide emissions reported in Tables
12.112.6. See Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Data are estimates. See "Section 12
end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Web Page:
Environment
Note 1. Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases are those gasessuch as
water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide,
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoridethat are transparent to solar (shortwave) radiation but opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation,
thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from leaving
Earth's atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed
radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for about
98% of U.S. CO2 emissions. The vast majority of CO2
emissions come from fossil fuel combustion, with smaller
amounts from the nonfuel use of fossil fuels, as well as from
electricity generation using geothermal energy and nonbiomass waste. Other sources of CO2 emissions include
industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production. Data in the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
(EIA) Monthly Energy Review (MER) Tables 12.112.6 are
estimates for U.S. CO2 emissions from energy consumption,
including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels (excluded are estimates for CO2 emissions from biomass energy consumption,
which appear in MER Table 12.7).
For annual U.S. estimates for emissions of CO2 from all
sources, as well as for emissions of other greenhouse gases,
see EIAs Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Report at
http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/.
Note 2. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Biomass Energy Combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions from the combustion of biomass to produce
energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions
reported in MER Tables 12.112.6, but appear in MER
Table 12.7. According to current international convention
(see the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories), carbon released through biomass combustion is
excluded from reported energy-related emissions. The
release of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be
balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown,
resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This
is not to say that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy
inputs are required in order to grow, fertilize, and harvest the
feedstock and to produce and process the biomass into fuels.)
However, analysts have debated whether increased use of
biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon
stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than
the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported
energy-related emissions. For example, the clearing of
forests for biofuel crops could result in an initial release of
carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of the
land for agriculture.
To reflect the potential net emissions, the international
convention for greenhouse gas inventories is to report
biomass emissions in the category agriculture, forestry, and

other land use, usually based on estimates of net changes in
carbon stocks over time.
This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can
potentially lead to confusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within energy and nonenergy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of
CO2 emissions from biomass combustion alongside other
energy-related CO2 emissions offers an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, however, to avoid misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy
sources as necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total
of direct CO2 emissions from biomass and energy-related
CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the carbon
emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or that other emissions sources offset any such
sequestration.
Section 12 Methodology and Sources

To estimate carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption for the Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables 12.112.7,
the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses the
following methodology and sources:
Step 1. Determine Fuel Consumption
CoalCoal sectoral (residential, commercial, coke plants,
other industrial, transportation, electric power) consumption
data in thousand short tons are from MER Table 6.2. Coal
sectoral consumption data are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the coal heat content factors in MER Table
A5.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCoal coke net imports data in trillion Btu are derived from coal coke imports and exports data
in MER Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Natural Gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels)Natural gas sectoral consumption data in trillion Btu are from
MER Tables 2.22.6.
PetroleumTotal and sectoral consumption (product
supplied) data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and
road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), lubricants, motor
gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil are from
MER Tables 3.5 and 3.7a3.7c. For the component products of LPG (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) and other
petroleum (aviation gasoline blending components, crude
oil, motor gasoline blending components, naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products), consumption (product supplied) data in thousand
barrels per day are from EIAs Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), and earlier
183
publications (see sources for MER Table 3.5). Petroleum

consumption data by product are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the petroleum heat content factors in MER
Tables A1 and A3.
BiomassSectoral consumption data in trillion Btu for
wood, biomass waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and
biodiesel are from MER Tables 10.2a10.2c.
Step 2. Remove Biofuels From Petroleum
Distillate Fuel OilBeginning in 2009, the distillate fuel
oil data (for total and transportation sector) in Step 1
include biodiesel, a non-fossil renewable fuel. To remove
the biodiesel portion from distillate fuel oil, data in thousand barrels per day for refinery and blender net inputs of
renewable diesel fuel (from the PSA/PSM) are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content
factor in MER Table A1, and then subtracted from the
distillate fuel oil consumption values.
Motor GasolineBeginning in 1993, the motor gasoline
data (for total, commercial sector, industrial sector, and
transportation sector) in Step 1 include fuel ethanol, a nonfossil renewable fuel. To remove the fuel ethanol portion
from motor gasoline, data in trillion Btu for fuel ethanol
consumption (from MER Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.3)
are subtracted from the motor gasoline consumption
values. (Note that about 2% of fuel ethanol is fossil-based
petroleum denaturant, to make the fuel ethanol
undrinkable. For 19932008, petroleum denaturant is
double counted in the PSA product supplied statistics, in
both the original product categorye.g., pentanes
plusand also in the finished motor gasoline category; for
this time period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant
is removed along with the fuel ethanol from motor gasoline, but left in the original product. Beginning in 2009,
petroleum denaturant is counted only in the PSA/PSM
product supplied statistics for motor gasoline; for this time
period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant is left in
motor gasoline.)
Step 3. Remove Carbon Sequestered by Nonfuel Use
The following fuels have industrial nonfuel uses as chemical feedstocks and other products: coal, natural gas, asphalt
and road oil, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases
(ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene), lubricants (which have
industrial and transportation nonfuel uses), naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, petroleum coke, residual fuel
oil, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and miscellaneous
petroleum products. In the nonfuel use of these fuels, some
of the carbon is sequestered, and is thus subtracted from the
fuel consumption values in Steps 1 and 2.
Estimates of annual nonfuel use and associated carbon
sequestration are developed by EIA using the methodology
184
detailed in Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse

Gases
in
the
United
States
2008
at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/documentation/pdf/0638(2008).pdf.
To obtain monthly estimates of nonfuel use and associated

carbon sequestration, monthly patterns for industrial
consumption and product supplied data series are used. For
coal nonfuel use, the monthly pattern for coke plants coal
consumption from MER Table 6.2 is used. For natural gas,
the monthly pattern for other industrial non-CHP natural gas
consumption from MER Table 4.3 is used. For distillate
fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil, the monthly
patterns for industrial consumption from MER Table 3.7b
are used. For the other petroleum products, the monthly
patterns for product supplied from the PSA and PSM are
used.
Step 4. Determine Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Energy Consumption
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions data in million metric tons
are calculated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from Steps 1 and 2 (minus the carbon sequestered in
nonfuel use in Step 3) by the CO2 emissions factors at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/excel/CO2_coeffs_09_v2.xls.
Beginning in 2010, the 2009 factors are used.
CoalCO2 emissions for coal are calculated for each sector
(residential, commercial, coke plants, other industrial, transportation, electric power). Total coal emissions are the sum
of the sectoral coal emissions.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCO2 emissions for coal coke net
imports are calculated.
Natural GasCO2 emissions for natural gas are calculated
for each sector (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, electric power). Total natural gas emissions are the
sum of the sectoral natural gas emissions.
PetroleumCO2 emissions are calculated for each petroleum
product. Total petroleum emissions are the sum of the product
emissions. Total LPG emissions are the sum of the emissions
for the component products (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene); residential, commercial, and transportation sector LPG emissions
are estimated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from MER Tables 3.8a and 3.8c by the propane emissions factor; industrial sector LPG emissions are estimated as
total LPG emissions minus emissions by the other sectors.
Geothermal and Non-Biomass WasteAnnual CO2 emissions data for geothermal and non-biomass waste are EIA
estimates based on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report (and predecessor forms). Monthly estimates
are created by dividing the annual data by the number of
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of
days in the month. (Annual estimates for the current year
are set equal to those of the previous year.)
BiomassCO2 emissions for wood, biomass waste, fuel

ethanol (minus denaturant), and biodiesel are calculated for
each sector. Total emissions for each biomass fuel are the
sum of the sectoral emissions. The following factors, in
million metric tons CO2 per quadrillion Btu, are used: wood
93.80; biomass waste90.70; fuel ethanol68.44; and
biodiesel73.84. For 19731988, the biomass portion
of waste in MER Tables 10.2a10.2c is estimated as

67%; for 19892000, the biomass portion of waste is estimated as 67% in 1989 to 58% in 2000, based on the
biogenic shares of total municipal solid waste shown in
EIAs Methodology for Allocating Municipal Solid Waste
to Biogenic and Non-Biogenic Energy, Table 1 at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/msw.pdf.
185
Appendix A
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
The thermal conversion factors presented in the following
tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British
thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy measured
in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For
example, 10 barrels of asphalt has a heat content of
approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636 million
Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).
The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors)
provided in this section represent the gross (or higher or
upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat content rates
are applied in all Btu calculations for the Monthly Energy
Review and are commonly used in energy calculations in
the United States; net (or lower) heat content rates are
typically used in European energy calculations. The difference between the two rates is the amount of energy that is
consumed to vaporize water that is created during the
combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from

2% to 10%, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen
content. Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be
more than 40% different in their gross and net heat content
rates.
See Heat Content and British Thermal Unit
(Btu) in the Glossary for more information.
In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented
in Tables A2 through A6 are computed from final annual
data or from the best available data and labeled preliminary. Often, the current years factors are labeled
estimate, and are set equal to the previous years values
until data become available to calculate the factors. The
source of each factor is described in the section entitled
Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,
which follows Table A6 in this appendix.
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Other Liquids

(Million Btu per Barrel, Except as Noted)
Commodity
Aviation Gasoline (Finished)
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components
Biodiesel
Crude Oilsee Table A2
Distillate Fuel Oilsee Table A3 for averages
15 ppm sulfur and under
Greater than 15 ppm to 500 ppm sulfur
Greater than 500 ppm sulfur
Fuel Ethanolsee Table A3
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids
Ethane/Ethylene
Propane/Propylene
Normal Butane/Butylene
Isobutane/Isobutylene
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus)
Hydrogen
Jet Fuel, Kerosene Type
Jet Fuel, Naphtha Type
Kerosene
Lubricants
Motor Gasoline (Finished)see Tables A2/A3
Heat Content
6.636
5.048
5.048
5.359
5.770
5.817
5.825
3.082
3.836
4.326
3.974
4.620
a
6.287
5.670
5.355
5.670
6.065
Commodity
Heat Content
Motor Gasoline Blending Components (MGBC)

Through 2006
Beginning in 2007
Oxygenates (excluding Fuel Ethanol)
Petrochemical Feedstocks
Naphtha Less Than 401F
Other Oils Equal to or Greater Than 401F
Petroleum Cokesee Table A3 for averages
Total, through 2003
Catalyst, beginning in 2004
Marketable, beginning in 2004
Plant Condensate
Renewable Fuels Except Fuel Ethanol
Residual Fuel Oil
Special Naphthas
Still Gas
Unfinished Oils
Unfractionated Stream
Waxes
Miscellaneous Products
Other Hydrocarbons
5.253
5.222
4.247
5.248
5.825
6.024
6.287
5.719
5.418
b
5.359
6.287
5.248
c
6.000
5.825
5.418
5.537
5.796
5.825
a
Per residual fuel oil equivalent barrel (6.287 million Btu per barrel).
The biodiesel heat content factor, 5.359 million Btu per barrel, is used for Biomass-Based Diesel Fuel and Other Renewable Fuels;
however, a factor of 5.494 million Btu per barrel is used for Other Renewable Diesel Fuel.
c
Per fuel oil equivalent barrel (6.000 million Btu per barrel).
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: See Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6.
a
b
187
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports
(Million Btu per Barrel)
Imports
Production
1950 ......................
1955 ......................
1960 ......................
1965 ......................
1970 ......................
1975 ......................
1980 ......................
1981 ......................
1982 ......................
1983 ......................
1984 ......................
1985 ......................
1986 ......................
1987 ......................
1988 ......................
1989 ......................
1990 ......................
1991 ......................
1992 ......................
ec1993 ......................
1994 ......................
1995 ......................
1996 ......................
1997 ......................
1998 ......................
1999 ......................
2000 ......................
2001 ......................
2002 ......................
2003 ......................
2004 ......................
2005 ......................
2006 ......................
2007 ......................
2008 ......................
2009 ......................
2010 ......................
2011 ......................
2012 ......................
2013 ......................
2014 ......................
2015E ...................
Exports
Petroleum Products
Crude
Oila
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
Crude
Oila
Motor
Gasolineb
Total
Products
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
4.522
4.406
4.295
4.264
4.146
3.984
3.914
3.930
3.872
3.839
3.812
3.815
3.797
3.804
3.800
3.826
3.822
3.807
3.804
3.801
3.794
3.796
3.777
3.762
3.769
3.744
3.733
3.735
3.729
3.739
3.724
3.724
3.712
3.701
3.706
3.692
3.674
3.672
3.683
3.714
3.723
3.723
5.943
5.924
5.911
5.872
5.822
5.821
5.812
5.818
5.826
5.825
5.823
5.832
5.903
5.901
5.900
5.906
5.934
5.948
5.953
5.954
5.950
5.938
5.947
5.954
5.953
5.942
5.959
5.976
5.971
5.970
5.981
5.977
5.980
5.985
5.990
5.988
5.989
6.008
6.165
6.010
6.035
6.035
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.222
5.222
5.222
5.222
5.222
5.222
5.222
5.222
5.222
6.263
6.234
6.161
6.123
6.088
5.935
5.748
5.659
5.664
5.677
5.613
5.572
5.624
5.599
5.618
5.641
5.614
5.636
5.623
5.539
5.416
5.345
5.373
5.333
5.314
5.291
5.309
5.330
5.362
5.381
5.429
5.436
5.431
5.483
5.459
5.509
5.545
5.538
5.501
5.497
5.518
5.518
Petroleum Products
Total
Crude
Oila
Motor
Gasolinec
Total
Products
Total
6.080
6.040
6.021
5.997
5.985
5.858
5.796
5.775
5.775
5.774
5.745
5.736
5.808
5.820
5.820
5.833
5.849
5.873
5.877
5.866
5.835
5.830
5.828
5.836
5.833
5.815
5.823
5.838
5.845
5.845
5.853
5.835
5.836
5.857
5.861
5.878
5.892
5.905
6.035
5.899
5.929
5.929
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.219
5.188
5.215
5.221
5.214
5.216
5.217
5.216
5.218
5.218
5.751
5.765
5.835
5.742
5.811
5.747
5.841
5.837
5.829
5.800
5.867
5.819
5.839
5.860
5.842
5.869
5.838
5.827
5.774
5.681
5.693
5.692
5.663
5.663
5.505
5.530
5.529
5.637
5.517
5.628
5.532
5.504
5.415
5.465
5.587
5.674
5.601
5.526
5.520
5.470
5.369
5.369
5.766
5.768
5.834
5.743
5.810
5.748
5.820
5.821
5.820
5.800
5.850
5.814
5.832
5.858
5.840
5.857
5.833
5.823
5.777
5.693
5.704
5.703
5.678
5.678
5.539
5.564
5.542
5.641
5.519
5.630
5.539
5.513
5.423
5.471
5.591
5.677
5.604
5.530
5.526
5.482
5.406
5.406

b Excludes fuel ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and other oxygenates blended into motor gasoline.
c Through 2005, excludes fuel ethanol, MTBE, and other oxygenates blended into motor gasoline. Beginning in 2006, includes MTBE, but excludes fuel ethanol and other
oxygenates blended into motor gasoline.

E=Estimate.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices (Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
188
Table A3.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol

(Million Btu per Barrel)
Total Petroleuma Consumption by Sector
Residential
1950 ..............
1955 ..............
1960 ..............
1965 ..............
1970 ..............
1975 ..............
1980 ..............
1981 ..............
1982 ..............
1983 ..............
1984 ..............
1985 ..............
1986 ..............
1987 ..............
1988 ..............
1989 ..............
1990 ..............
1991 ..............
1992 ..............
1993 ..............
1994 ..............
1995 ..............
1996 ..............
1997 ..............
1998 ..............
1999 ..............
2000 ..............
2001 ..............
2002 ..............
2003 ..............
2004 ..............
2005 ..............
2006 ..............
2007 ..............
2008 ..............
2009 ..............
2010 ..............
2011 ..............
2012 ..............
2013 ..............
2014 ..............
2015 ..............
5.473
5.469
5.417
5.364
5.260
5.253
5.321
5.283
5.266
5.140
5.307
5.263
5.268
5.239
5.257
5.194
5.145
5.094
5.124
5.102
5.095
5.060
4.995
4.986
4.972
4.899
4.905
4.934
4.883
4.918
4.949
4.913
4.883
4.831
4.769
4.661
4.660
4.640
4.703
4.637
RE 4.688
RE 4.688
Commercialb
5.817
5.781
5.781
5.760
5.708
5.649
5.751
5.693
5.698
5.591
5.657
5.598
5.632
5.594
5.597
5.549
5.553
5.528
5.513
b 5.504
5.512
5.475
5.430
5.388
5.362
5.288
5.313
5.322
5.290
5.312
5.323
5.359
5.296
5.271
5.156
5.216
5.193
5.163
5.117
5.045
RE 5.038
RE 5.038
Industrialb
Transportationb,c
5.953
5.881
5.818
5.748
5.595
5.513
5.366
5.299
5.247
5.254
5.207
5.199
5.269
5.233
5.228
5.219
5.253
5.167
5.168
b 5.177
5.149
5.121
5.114
5.119
5.136
5.091
5.056
5.141
5.092
5.143
5.144
5.179
5.159
5.122
5.147
5.014
4.983
4.962
4.909
4.871
RE 4.869
RE 4.869
5.461
5.407
5.387
5.386
5.393
5.392
5.441
5.433
5.423
5.416
5.418
5.423
5.426
5.429
5.433
5.438
5.442
5.441
5.443
b 5.422
5.424
5.418
5.420
5.416
5.414
5.413
5.423
5.413
5.411
5.404
5.410
5.412
5.409
5.385
5.355
c 5.328
5.321
5.317
5.305
5.301
E 5.300
E 5.300
Electric
Powerd,e
6.254
6.254
6.267
6.267
6.252
6.250
6.254
6.258
6.258
6.255
6.251
6.247
6.257
6.249
6.250
d 6.240
6.244
6.246
6.238
6.230
6.213
6.187
6.194
6.198
6.210
6.204
6.188
6.199
6.172
6.182
6.134
6.126
6.038
6.064
6.013
5.987
5.956
5.900
5.925
5.892
RP 5.906
RE 5.906
Totalb,c
5.649
5.591
5.555
5.532
5.503
5.494
5.479
5.448
5.415
5.406
5.395
5.387
5.418
5.403
5.410
5.410
5.411
5.384
5.378
b 5.370
5.360
5.342
5.336
5.336
5.349
5.328
5.326
5.346
5.324
5.338
5.341
5.353
5.336
5.309
5.287
c 5.236
5.222
5.212
5.191
5.174
5.178
E 5.178
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Consumptionf
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
5.825
f 5.820
5.820
5.820
5.820
5.819
5.819
5.819
5.819
5.819
5.819
5.818
5.818
5.803
5.785
5.780
5.781
5.778
5.776
5.774
5.774
5.773
E 5.773
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Consumptiong
4.011
4.011
4.011
4.011
g 3.779
3.715
3.674
3.643
3.615
3.614
3.599
3.603
3.640
3.659
3.652
3.683
3.625
3.614
3.624
3.606
3.635
3.623
3.613
3.616
3.614
3.616
3.607
3.614
3.613
3.629
3.618
3.620
3.605
3.591
3.600
3.558
3.557
3.528
3.534
3.556
3.534
E 3.534
Motor
Gasoline
(Finished)
Consumptionh
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
h 5.232
5.231
5.218
5.218
5.215
5.215
5.213
5.214
5.214
5.211
5.203
5.201
5.198
5.191
5.155
5.126
5.101
5.078
5.068
5.063
5.062
5.060
E 5.060
Petroleum
Coke
Consumptioni
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
6.024
i 5.982
5.982
5.987
5.996
5.992
6.017
6.059
6.077
6.084
6.089
6.100
E 6.100
Fuel
Ethanolj
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.561
3.560
3.560
3.559
3.558
E 3.558
Fuel
Ethanol
Feedstock
Factork
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.586
6.562
6.539
6.515
6.492
6.469
6.446
6.423
6.400
6.377
6.355
6.332
6.309
6.287
6.264
6.242
6.220
6.198
6.176
6.167
6.159
6.151
6.143
6.106
6.069
6.032
5.995
5.959
5.922
5.901
5.880
5.859
5.838
5.817
5.797
5.776
a Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in
each category are calculated by using heat content values for individual products shown in Tables A1 and A3.
b Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
c Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.
f There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor.
Quantity-weighted averages of the sulfur-content categories of distillate fuel oil are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. Excludes renewable diesel
fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor.
Quantity-weighted averages of the major components of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
h Through 1992, excludes oxygenates. Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline; and for 19932006, also includes methyl tertiary butyl
ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates blended into motor gasoline.
i There is a discontinuity in this time series between 2003 and 2004; beginning in 2004, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor.
Quantity-weighted averages of the two categories of petroleum coke are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
j Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539
million Btu per barrel) and products used as denaturant (pentanes plus, finished motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending componentssee Tables A1 and A3 for
factors). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 19802008.
k Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the
production of undenatured ethanol. Observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, 2.78 in 2008, and
2.82 in 2012; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a
gross heat content of 3.539 million Btu per barrel.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Note: The heat content values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
189
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

(Btu per Cubic Foot)
Consumptiona
Production
Marketed
1950 ............................
1955 ............................
1960 ............................
1965 ............................
1970 ............................
1975 ............................
1980 ............................
1981 ............................
1982 ............................
1983 ............................
1984 ............................
1985 ............................
1986 ............................
1987 ............................
1988 ............................
1989 ............................
1990 ............................
1991 ............................
1992 ............................
1993 ............................
1994 ............................
1995 ............................
1996 ............................
1997 ............................
1998 ............................
1999 ............................
2000 ............................
2001 ............................
2002 ............................
2003 ............................
2004 ............................
2005 ............................
2006 ............................
2007 ............................
2008 ............................
2009 ............................
2010 ............................
2011 ............................
2012 ............................
2013 ............................
2014 ............................
2015 ............................
1,119
1,120
1,107
1,101
1,102
1,095
1,098
1,103
1,107
1,115
1,109
1,112
1,110
1,112
1,109
1,107
1,105
1,108
1,110
1,106
1,105
1,106
1,109
1,107
1,109
1,107
1,107
1,105
1,103
1,103
1,104
1,104
1,103
1,102
1,100
1,101
1,098
1,142
1,091
1,101
1,116
E 1,116
Dry
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,024
1,027
1,032
E 1,032
End-Use
Sectorsb
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,020
1,024
1,025
1,026
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,031
1,028
1,029
1,027
1,027
1,027
1,033
1,028
1,026
1,029
1,025
1,029
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,025
1,028
1,032
E 1,032
Electric Power
Sectorc
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,035
1,035
1,036
1,030
1,035
1,038
1,034
1,032
1,028
c 1,028
1,027
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,021
1,020
1,020
1,024
1,022
1,021
1,026
1,020
1,025
1,027
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,022
1,021
1,022
1,025
1,029
E 1,029
Total
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
1,022
1,024
1,027
1,032
E 1,032
Imports
Exports
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,022
1,014
1,018
1,024
1,005
1,002
997
999
1,002
1,004
1,012
1,014
1,011
1,020
1,022
1,021
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
E 1,025
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,014
1,013
1,011
1,011
1,010
1,010
1,011
1,008
1,011
1,018
1,019
1,018
1,022
1,018
1,016
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,006
1,006
1,010
1,008
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
E 1,009
a Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
b Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
E=Estimate. =Not applicable.
190
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

(Million Btu per Short Ton)
Coal
Coal Coke
Consumption
Productiona
1950 ........................
1955 ........................
1960 ........................
1965 ........................
1970 ........................
1975 ........................
1980 ........................
1981 ........................
1982 ........................
1983 ........................
1984 ........................
1985 ........................
1986 ........................
1987 ........................
1988 ........................
1989 ........................
1990 ........................
1991 ........................
1992 ........................
1993 ........................
1994 ........................
1995 ........................
1996 ........................
1997 ........................
1998 ........................
1999 ........................
2000 ........................
2001 ........................
2002 ........................
2003 ........................
2004 ........................
2005 ........................
2006 ........................
2007 ........................
2008 ........................
2009 ........................
2010 ........................
2011 ........................
2012 ........................
2013 ........................
2014 ........................
2015 ........................
25.090
25.201
24.906
24.775
23.842
22.897
22.415
22.308
22.239
22.052
22.010
21.870
21.913
21.922
21.823
21.765
21.822
21.681
21.682
21.418
21.394
21.326
21.322
21.296
21.418
21.070
21.072
a 20.772
20.673
20.499
20.424
20.348
20.310
20.340
20.208
19.963
20.173
20.142
20.215
20.182
P 20.160
E 20.160
Waste
Coal
Suppliedb
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
b 10.391
9.303
10.758
10.396
10.638
11.097
11.722
12.147
12.158
12.639
12.552
12.360
12.169
12.165
12.360
12.266
12.093
12.080
12.090
12.121
12.076
11.960
11.604
11.539
11.103
E 11.961
E 11.961
Residential
and
Commercial
Sectorsc
24.461
24.373
24.226
24.028
23.203
22.261
22.543
22.474
22.695
22.775
22.844
22.646
22.947
23.404
23.571
23.650
23.137
23.114
23.105
22.994
23.112
23.118
23.011
22.494
21.620
23.880
25.020
24.909
22.962
22.242
22.324
22.342
22.066
22.069
c 23.035
22.852
22.611
22.099
21.300
21.233
E 21.652
E 21.652
Industrial Sector
Coke Plants
26.798
26.794
26.791
26.787
26.784
26.782
26.790
26.794
26.797
26.798
26.799
26.798
26.798
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.799
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.425
27.426
26.279
26.271
26.329
26.281
26.334
26.295
26.299
28.636
28.705
E 28.611
E 28.611
Otherd
24.820
24.821
24.609
24.385
22.983
22.436
22.690
22.585
22.712
22.691
22.543
22.020
22.198
22.381
22.360
22.347
22.457
22.460
22.250
22.123
22.068
21.950
22.105
22.172
23.164
22.489
22.433
22.622
22.562
22.468
22.473
22.178
22.050
22.371
22.304
21.823
21.846
21.568
21.449
21.600
E 21.509
E 21.509
Electric
Power
Sectore,f
23.937
24.056
23.927
23.780
22.573
21.642
21.295
21.085
21.194
21.133
21.101
20.959
21.084
21.136
20.900
e 20.898
20.779
20.730
20.709
20.677
20.589
20.543
20.547
20.518
20.516
20.490
20.511
20.337
20.238
20.082
19.980
19.988
19.931
19.909
19.713
19.521
19.623
19.341
19.211
19.174
P 19.306
E 19.306
Total
24.989
24.982
24.713
24.537
23.440
22.506
21.947
21.713
21.674
21.576
21.573
21.366
21.462
21.517
21.328
21.307
21.197
21.120
21.068
21.010
20.929
20.880
20.870
20.830
20.881
20.818
20.828
20.671
20.541
20.387
20.290
20.246
20.181
20.168
19.979
19.741
19.870
19.600
19.544
19.513
E 19.622
E 19.622
Imports
25.020
25.000
25.003
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
23.128
22.379
P 21.864
E 21.864
Exports
26.788
26.907
26.939
26.973
26.982
26.562
26.384
26.160
26.223
26.291
26.402
26.307
26.292
26.291
26.299
26.160
26.202
26.188
26.161
26.335
26.329
26.180
26.174
26.251
26.800
26.081
26.117
25.998
26.062
25.972
26.108
25.494
25.453
25.466
25.399
25.633
25.713
25.645
24.551
24.605
P 25.414
E 25.414
Imports
and
Exports
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
P 24.800
E 24.800
a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine, and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible
materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and
industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in "Consumption."
c Through 2007, used as the thermal conversion factor for coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors. Beginning in 2008, used as the thermal
conversion factor for coal consumption by the commercial sector only.
d Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.
e Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
f Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
191
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity
(Btu per Kilowatthour)
Approximate Heat Ratesa for Electricity Net Generation
Fossil Fuelsb
Coalc
1950 ..............................
1955 ..............................
1960 ..............................
1965 ..............................
1970 ..............................
1975 ..............................
1980 ..............................
1981 ..............................
1982 ..............................
1983 ..............................
1984 ..............................
1985 ..............................
1986 ..............................
1987 ..............................
1988 ..............................
1989 ..............................
1990 ..............................
1991 ..............................
1992 ..............................
1993 ..............................
1994 ..............................
1995 ..............................
1996 ..............................
1997 ..............................
1998 ..............................
1999 ..............................
2000 ..............................
2001 ..............................
2002 ..............................
2003 ..............................
2004 ..............................
2005 ..............................
2006 ..............................
2007 ..............................
2008 ..............................
2009 ..............................
2010 ..............................
2011 ..............................
2012 ..............................
2013 ..............................
2014 ..............................
2015 ..............................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,378
10,314
10,297
10,331
10,373
10,351
10,375
10,378
10,414
10,415
10,444
10,498
10,459
E 10,459
E 10,459
Petroleumd
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,742
10,641
10,610
10,571
10,631
10,809
10,794
11,015
10,923
10,984
10,829
10,991
10,713
E 10,713
E 10,713
Natural
Gase
Total
Fossil Fuelsf,g
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,051
9,533
9,207
8,647
8,551
8,471
8,403
8,305
8,160
8,185
8,152
8,039
7,948
E 7,948
E 7,948
14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,406
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
b 10,333
10,173
10,125
10,016
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
9,716
9,516
9,541
E 9,541
E 9,541
Nuclearh
11,629
11,804
10,977
11,013
10,908
11,030
11,073
10,905
10,843
10,622
10,579
10,442
10,602
10,583
10,582
10,484
10,471
10,504
10,452
10,507
10,503
10,494
10,491
10,450
10,429
10,443
10,442
10,422
10,428
10,436
10,435
10,489
10,452
10,459
10,452
10,464
10,479
10,449
E 10,449
E 10,449
Noncombustible
Renewable
Energyg,i
Heat Contentj of
Electricityk
14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,406
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
10,333
10,173
10,125
10,016
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
9,716
9,516
9,541
E 9,541
E 9,541
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
a The values in columns 16 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.
b Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in 2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers.

c Includes anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and, beginning in 2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
d Includes distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke, and waste oil.
e Includes natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Includes coal, petroleum, natural gas, and, beginning in 2001, other gases (blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels).
g The fossil-fuels heat rate is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity net generation from noncombustible renewable energy (hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind) to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as the thermal conversion factor for wood
and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.
h Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation.
i Technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used in Btu calculations in this report. For technology-based geothermal heat rates for 19602010, see the
Annual Energy Review 2010, Table A6.
j See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
k The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.
192
Thermal Conversion Factor

Source Documentation
(5.770 million Btu per barrel), Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater

Than 15 ppm to 500 ppm Sulfur (5.817 million Btu per
barrel), and Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater Than 500 ppm
Sulfur (5.825 million Btu per barrel).
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Natural Gas Plant Liquids
Distillate Fuel Oil, 15 ppm Sulfur and Under. EIA

adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.770 million Btu
per barrel (137,380 Btu per gallon) for U.S. conventional
diesel from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National
Laboratory, The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions,
and Energy Use in Transportation Model (GREET),
version GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.636
million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated
by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components. Assumed by
EIA to be 5.048 million Btu per barrel or equal to the
thermal conversion factor for Aviation Gasoline
(Finished).
Aviation Gasoline (Finished). EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu per barrel as adopted
by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation publication Competition and Growth in
American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of
historical and projected statistics.
Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines calculation of 4.130 million Btu per barrel based on
an assumed mixture of 60% normal butane and 40%
propane.
See
Normal
Butane/Butylene
and
Propane/Propylene.
Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
crude oil produced in the United States. See Crude Oil
Production.
Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the
average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of
crude oil imported weighted by the quantities imported.
Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated
on a foreign country basis, by determining the average
American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil
imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in
1977 and converting average API gravity to average Btu
content by using National Bureau of Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum
Products, 1933.
Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million Btu per barrel as reported in a
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumption. 19491993: EIA
adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of
Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines Standard
Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted
January 3, 1950. 1994 forward: Calculated by EIA as
the annual quantity-weighted average of the conversion
factors for Distillate Fuel Oil, 15 ppm Sulfur and Under
Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater Than 15 ppm to 500 ppm

Sulfur. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
5.817 million Btu per barrel (138,490 Btu per gallon) for
low-sulfur diesel from U.S. Department of Energy,
Argonne Laboratory, The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated
Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model
(GREET), version GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Distillate Fuel Oil, Greater Than 500 ppm Sulfur. EIA
adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of
Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines Standard
Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted
January 3, 1950.
Ethane/Ethylene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 3.082 million Btu per barrel as
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308
million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 70%
ethane and 30% propane. See Ethane/Ethylene and
Propane/Propylene.
Hydrogen. Assumed by EIA to be 6.287 million Btu per
barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for Residual Fuel Oil.
Isobutane/Isobutylene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per
barrel for Jet Fuel, Commercial as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of
barrel for Jet Fuel, Military as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
193
Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel as
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, The

Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use
in
Transportation
Model
(GREET),
version
GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. 19491966:

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Industry Surveys, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products, 1956, Table 4 footnote, constant value of 4.011
million Btu per barrel. 1967 forward: Calculated annually
by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for
all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see Table A1)
weighted by the quantities consumed. The component
products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane (including
ethylene), propane (including propylene), normal butane
(including butylene), butane-propane mixtures, ethanepropane mixtures, and isobutane. For 19671980, quantities
consumed are from EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantities
consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Table
2.
Motor Gasoline (Finished) Consumption. 19491992:

EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel
as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and
projected statistics. 19932006: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors
for gasoline blendstock and the oxygenates blended into
motor gasoline. The factor for gasoline blendstock is 5.253
million Btu per barrel (the motor gasoline factor used for
previous years). The factors for fuel ethanol are shown in
Table A3 (see Fuel Ethanol, Denatured). The following
factors for other oxygenates are from U.S. Department of
Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, The Greenhouse
Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model (GREET), version GREET1_2013, October
2013methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE): 4.247 million
Btu per barrel (101,130 Btu per gallon); tertiary amyl
methyl ether (TAME): 4.560 million Btu per barrel
(108,570 Btu per gallon); ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE):
4.390 million Btu per barrel (104,530 Btu per gallon);
methanol: 2.738 million Btu per barrel (65,200 Btu per
gallon); and butanol: 4.555 million Btu per barrel (108,458
Btu per gallon). 2007 forward: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors
for gasoline blendstock and fuel ethanol blended into motor
gasoline. The factor for gasoline blendstock is 5.222
million Btu per barrel (124,340 Btu per gallon), which is
from the GREET model (see above). The factors for fuel
ethanol are shown in Table A3 (see Fuel Ethanol,
Denatured).
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of

6.065 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of
Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by
the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Motor Gasoline Blending Components. 19492006:
EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel
as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and
projected statistics. 2007 forward: EIA adopted the
thermal conversion factor of 5.222 million Btu per barrel
(124,340 Btu per gallon) for gasoline blendstock from U.S.
Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, The
Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use
in
Transportation
Model
(GREET),
version
GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Motor Gasoline Exports. 19492005: EIA adopted the
Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million
Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel as published by
the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V
of Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets
19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics. 2006 forward: Calculated by EIA as the annual
quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors for
gasoline blendstock and the methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) blended into motor gasoline exports. The factor
for gasoline blendstock is 5.253 million Btu per barrel in
2006 and 5.222 million Btu per barrel beginning in 2007
(see Motor Gasoline Blending Components). For MTBE,
EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.247 million
Btu per barrel (101,130 Btu per gallon) from U.S.
194
Motor Gasoline Imports. 19492006: EIA adopted the

Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million
Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel as published by
the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V
of Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets
19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics. 2007 forward: EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 5.222 million Btu per barrel (124,340 Btu per
gallon) for gasoline blendstock from U.S. Department of
Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, The Greenhouse
Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model (GREET), version GREET1_2013, October
2013.
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced weighted
by the quantities produced.
Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 4.620 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the
Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Normal Butane/Butylene. EIA adopted the Bureau of
barrel as published in the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Other Hydrocarbons. Assumed by EIA to be 5.825
million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion
factor for Unfinished Oils.
Oxygenates (Excluding Fuel Ethanol). EIA adopted the
thermal conversion factor of 4.247 million Btu per barrel
(101,130 Btu per gallon) for methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne
National Laboratory, The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated
Pentanes Plus. Assumed by EIA to be 4.620 million Btu
per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
Natural Gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha Less Than 401
Degrees Fahrenheit. Assumed by EIA to be 5.248 million
Special Naphthas.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils Equal to or
Greater Than 401 Degrees Fahrenheit. Assumed by EIA
to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal
conversion factor for Distillate Fuel Oil.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to
be 6.000 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal
conversion factor for Still Gas.
Petroleum Coke, Catalyst. Assumed by EIA to be 6.287
million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion
factor for Residual Fuel Oil.
.
Petroleum Coke, Marketable. EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 5.719 million Btu per barrel, calculated by dividing 28,595,925 Btu per short ton for petroleum coke (from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne
(GREET), version GREET1_October 2013) by 5.0 barrels
per short ton (as given in the Bureau of Mines Form
6-1300-M and successor EIA forms).
Petroleum Coke, Total. 19492003: EIA adopted the
reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines Standard Average
Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,
1950. The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing 30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels
per short ton, as given in the Bureau of Mines Form
6-1300-M and successor EIA forms. 2004 forward:

Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity-weighted average
of the conversion factors for Petroleum Coke, Catalyst
(6.287 million Btu per barrel) and Petroleum Coke,
Marketable (5.719 million Btu per barrel).
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal
conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed
by the commercial sector weighted by the estimated
quantities consumed by the commercial sector. The
quantities of petroleum products consumed by the
commercial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data
Systemsee documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil consumed by the electric power sector weighted
by the quantities consumed by the electric power sector.
Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and predecessor forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the industrial sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the industrial sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated

factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the residential sector are estimated
in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by

EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all
petroleum products consumed weighted by the quantities
consumed.
Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the transportation sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee
documentation at
Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA

as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
195
petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities

exported.
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA
as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities
imported.
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per
barrel by EIA from data provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.
Propane/Propylene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Renewable Fuels Except Fuel Ethanol. For BiomassBased Diesel Fuel and Other Renewable Fuels, EIA
assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.359 million
Biodiesel. For Other Renewable Diesel Fuel, EIA
adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.494 million Btu
per barrel (130,817 Btu per gallon) for renewable diesel II
(UOP-HDO) from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne
Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 6.287 million Btu per barrel as reported in the
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 6.636 million Btu per barrel, which
was assumed to be equal to that of Asphalt and was first
published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel,
which was assumed to be equal to that of the total gasoline
(aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated
thermal conversion factor of 6.000 million Btu per barrel,
first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil
and each petroleum product exported weighted by the
quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products Exports.
Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type
196
of crude oil and petroleum product imported weighted by

the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.
Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion
factor to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to that for
Distillate Fuel Oil and first published it in EIAs Annual
Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.
Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel or equal to
that for Plant Condensate and first published it in EIAs
Annual Report to Congress, Volume 2, 1981.
Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
5.537 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau
of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for
biodiesel to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu
per pound.
Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the
production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel
biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to
the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds
of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of
biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed
to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that
soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per
pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel.
Ethanol (Undenatured).
EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel
published in Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels, a
paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conference on Reformulated
Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington,
D.C., October 1991.
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). 19812008: EIA used the
2009 factor. 2009 forward: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu
per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620
million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline
and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of ethanol
consumed is from EIAs Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA)
and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Table 1, data for
renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus used as
denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable
fuels and oxygenate plant net production of pentanes plus,
multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor
gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as
denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable

fuels and oxygenate plant net production of conventional
motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components,
multiplied by -1.
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the
production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per
barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to
estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. EIA used the following observed ethanol
yields (in gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn)
from U.S. Department of Agriculture: 2.5 in 1980, 2.666
in 1998, 2.68 in 2002; and from University of Illinois at
Chicago, Energy Resources Center, 2012 Corn
Ethanol: Emerging Plant Energy and Environmental
Technologies: 2.78 in 2008, and 2.82 in 2012. EIA
estimated the ethanol yields in other years. EIA also
assumed that corn has a gross heat content of 0.392
million Btu per bushel.
Approximate Heat Content of Natural

Gas
Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector.
Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector by the
quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of natural gas
consumed by the end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural
and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.
Natural Gas Consumption, Total. 19491962: EIA
adopted the thermal conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per
cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first
published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
19631979: EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor
calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA)
and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication.
1980 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
total heat content of natural gas consumed by the total
quantity consumed.
Natural Gas Exports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to
be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas
consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total). 1973
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of natural gas exported by the quantity exported.
For 19731995, data are from Form FPC-14, Annual
Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Imports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to

be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural
gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption, Total).
1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing
the heat content of natural gas imported by the quantity
imported. For 19731995, data are from Form FPC-14,
Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural
Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and
Exports.
Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be
equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas
consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.
Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually
by EIA by dividing the heat content of dry natural gas
produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and natural
gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant
Liquids Production) by the total quantity of marketed
natural gas produced.
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and

Coal Coke
Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau
of Mines estimate of 24.800 million Btu per short ton.
Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal
consumed by the electric power sector by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants.
19492011: Calculated annually by EIA based on the
reported volatility (low, medium, or high) of coal received
by coke plants. (For 2011, EIA used the following volatility
factors, in million Btu per short ton: low volatile26.680;
medium volatile27.506; and high volatile25.652.)
Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and Quality ReportCoke Plants, and predecessor forms.
2012 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing
the heat content of coal received by coke plants by the
quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly
Coal Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other.
19492007: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
heat content of coal received by manufacturing plants by
the quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report
Manufacturing Plants, and predecessor forms. 2008
content of coal received by manufacturing, gasification, and
liquefaction plants by the quantity received. Data are from
Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
197
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing

Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.
Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial
Sectors. 19491999: Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the heat content of coal received by the residential
and commercial sectors by the quantity received. Data are
from Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, and predecessor forms. 20002007: Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. 2008
content of coal received by commercial and institutional
users by the quantity received. Data are from Form EIA-3,
Quarterly
Coal
Consumption
and
Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.
Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the total heat content of coal consumed by all
sectors by the total quantity consumed.
Coal Exports. 19492011: Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau,
Monthly Report EM 545, and predecessor forms. 2012
content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported by the
quantity exported. The average heat content of steam coal
is derived from receipts data from Form EIA-3, Quarterly
Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial
and Institutional Users, and Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report. The average heat content of metallurgical coal is derived from receipts data from Form EIA-5,
Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportCoke
Plants. Data for export quantities are from U.S. Department
of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Monthly Report EM
545.
Coal Imports. 19491963: Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal imported by the
quantity imported. Data are from U.S. Department of
Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Monthly Report IM
145, and predecessor forms. 19642011: Assumed by
EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton. 2012 forward:
Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
coal imported (received) by the quantity imported
(received). Data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Institutional Users; Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants; and Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.
Coal Production. 19492011: Calculated annually by
EIA by dividing the heat content of domestic coal
198
(excluding waste coal) received by the quantity received.

Data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and Quality ReportManufacturing and Transformation/
Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional
Users; Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportCoke Plants; Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report; and predecessor forms.
2012
content of domestic coal (excluding waste coal) received
and exported by the quantity received and exported. Data
are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality
ReportManufacturing
and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial
and Institutional Users; Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportCoke Plants; Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report; U.S. Department
of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Monthly Report EM
545; and predecessor forms.
Waste Coal Supplied. 19892000: Calculated annually
by EIA by dividing the heat content of waste coal consumed
by the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-860B,
Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility, and predecessor form. 2001 forward: Calculated by EIA by dividing
the heat content of waste coal received (or consumed) by the
quantity received (or consumed). Receipts data are from
Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing Coal
Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users, and predecessor form. Consumption data are from Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Coal. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net
generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric utilities and electricityonly independent power producers using anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and beginning in
2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
Electricity Net Generation, Natural Gas.
2001
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel
consumption and net generation data reported on Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all electric
utilities and electricity-only independent power producers
using natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
Electricity Net Generation, Noncombustible Renewable
Energy. There is no generally accepted practice for
measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants
that generate electricity from hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. Therefore,
EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual
average heat rate factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the
United States (see Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil

Fuels). By using that factor it is possible to evaluate fossil
fuel requirements for replacing those sources during
periods of interruption, such as droughts.
Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. 19571984:
Calculated annually by dividing the total heat content
consumed in nuclear generating units by the total (net)
electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat
content and electricity generation were reported on Form
FERC-1, Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees, and Others; Form EIA-412, Annual Report of Public
Electric Utilities; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the
factors were published in EIA, Historical Plant Cost and
Annual Production Expenses for Selected Electric Plants
1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors were
published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production
Expenses 1991, Table 13. 1985 forward: Calculated
annually by EIA by using the heat rate data reported on
Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report, and
predecessor forms.
Electricity Net Generation, Petroleum. 2001 forward:
Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and
net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The
computation includes data for all electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers using distillate
fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke,
and waste oil.
Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fuels.
19491955: The weighted annual average heat rate for
fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the United
States, as published by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant
Construction Cost and Annual Production Expenses1981
and Steam-Electric Plant Construction Cost and Annual
Production Expenses1978. 19561988: The weighted
annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric
power plants in the United States, as published in EIA,
Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991,
Table 9. 19892000: Calculated annually by EIA by
using heat rate data reported on Form EIA-860, Annual
Electric Generator Report, and predecessor forms; and net
generation data reported on Form EIA-759, Monthly
Power Plant Report. The computation includes data for all
electric utility steam-electric plants using fossil fuels.
2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel
consumption and net generation data reported on Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor
forms. The computation includes data for all electric utilities
and electricity-only independent power producers using
coal, petroleum, natural gas, and other gases (blast furnace
gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases
derived from fossil fuels).
199
Appendix B
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical
Conversion Factors
Data presented in the Monthly Energy Review and in other
U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are
expressed predominately in units that historically have been used
in the United States, such as British thermal units, barrels, cubic
feet, and short tons. The metric conversion factors presented in
Table B1 can be used to calculate the metric-unit equivalents of
values expressed in U.S. Customary units. For example, 500
short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons
x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).
In the metric system of weights and measures, the names
of multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived
by combining the name of the unit with prefixes, such as

deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100,
1,000, and deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively,
one-tenth, one-hundredth, and one-thousandth. Common
metric prefixes can be found in Table B2.
The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to

calculate equivalents in various physical units commonly
used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrels are the
equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42
gallons/barrel = 420 gallons).
201
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

Type of Unit
U.S. Unit
Equivalent in Metric Units
Mass
1 short ton (2,000 lb)

1 long ton
1 pound (lb)
1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8)
1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)
=
=
=
=
=
0.907 184 7
1.016 047
0.453 592 37a
0.384 647b
28.349 52
metric tons (t)

metric tons (t)
kilograms (kg)
kilograms uranium (kgU)
grams (g)
Volume
1 barrel of oil (bbl)

1 cubic yard (yd3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 U.S. gallon (gal)
1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)
1 cubic inch (in3)
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.158 987 3
0.764 555
0.028 316 85
3.785 412
29.573 53
16.387 06
cubic meters (m3)

cubic meters (m3)
cubic meters (m3)
liters (L)
milliliters (mL)
milliliters (mL)
Length
1 mile (mi)
1 yard (yd)
1 foot (ft)
1 inch (in)
=
=
=
=
1.609 344a
0.914 4a
0.304 8a
2.54a
kilometers (km)
meters (m)
meters (m)
centimeters (cm)
Area
1 acre
1 square mile (mi2)
1 square yard (yd2)
1 square foot (ft2)
1 square inch (in2)
=
=
=
=
=
0.404 69
2.589 988
0.836 127 4
0.092 903 04a
6.451 6a
hectares (ha)
square kilometers (km2)
square meters (m2)
square meters (m2)
square centimeters (cm2)
Energy
1 British thermal unit (Btu)c

1 calorie (cal)
1 kilowatthour (kWh)
=
=
=
1,055.055 852 62a

4.186 8a
3.6a
Temperatured
32 degrees Fahrenheit (F)

212 degrees Fahrenheit (F)
=
=
0a
100a
joules (J)
joules (J)
megajoules (MJ)
degrees Celsius (C)
degrees Celsius (C)
Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
c
The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.
d
To convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
Notes: Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. Most metric units belong to the
International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI
units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.
Sources: General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government
(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std
268-1992, pp. 28 and 29.
b
202
Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Unit Multiple
1
Prefix
Symbol
Unit Subdivision
-1
Prefix
Symbol
deci
centi
milli
10
deka
da
10
102
hecto
10-2
10
-3
micro
n
p
10
kilo
106
mega
10-6
109
giga
tera
G
T
10-9
10
nano
pico
peta
10-15
femto
-18
10
12
1015
18
-12
10
exa
10
atto
1021
zetta
10-21
zepto
-24
yocto
24
10
yotta
10
Web Page: http ://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST
Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

Energy Source
Original Unit
Equiv alent in Final Units
Petroleum
1 barrel (bbl)
42a
Coal
1 short ton
1 long ton
1 metric ton (t)
=
=
=
2,000a
2,240a
1,000a
pounds (lb)
pounds (lb)
kilograms (kg)
Wood
1 cord (cd)
1 cord (cd)
=
=
1.25b
128a
shorts tons
cubic feet (ft3)
U.S. gallons (gal)
Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10,
C-17, and C-21.
b
203
Appendix C
Table C1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output
U.S. Gross Domestic Product
U.S. Gross Outputa
Percent
Billion
Nominal
Dollarsd
Billion
Chained (2009)
Dollarse
Implicit Price
Deflatorc
(2009 = 1.00000)
Billion
Nominal
Dollarsd
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
300.2
426.2
543.3
743.7
1,075.9
1,688.9
2,862.5
3,211.0
3,345.0
3,638.1
4,040.7
4,346.7
4,590.2
4,870.2
5,252.6
5,657.7
5,979.6
6,174.0
6,539.3
6,878.7
7,308.8
7,664.1
8,100.2
8,608.5
9,089.2
9,660.6
10,284.8
10,621.8
10,977.5
11,510.7
12,274.9
13,093.7
13,855.9
14,477.6
14,718.6
14,418.7
14,964.4
15,517.9
16,155.3
16,663.2
17,348.1
2,184.0
2,739.0
3,108.7
3,976.7
4,722.0
5,385.4
6,450.4
6,617.7
6,491.3
6,792.0
7,285.0
7,593.8
7,860.5
8,132.6
8,474.5
8,786.4
8,955.0
8,948.4
9,266.6
9,521.0
9,905.4
10,174.8
10,561.0
11,034.9
11,525.9
12,065.9
12,559.7
12,682.2
12,908.8
13,271.1
13,773.5
14,234.2
14,613.8
14,873.7
14,830.4
14,418.7
14,783.8
15,020.6
15,354.6
15,583.3
15,961.7
0.13745
.15559
.17476
.18702
.22784
.31361
.44377
.48520
.51530
.53565
.55466
.57240
.58395
.59885
.61982
.64392
.66773
.68996
.70569
.72248
.73785
.75324
.76699
.78012
.78859
.80065
.81887
.83754
.85039
.86735
.89120
.91988
.94814
.97337
.99246
1.00000
1.01221
1.03311
1.05214
1.06929
1.08686
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8,639.9
9,359.5
9,969.6
10,511.1
10,676.5
11,242.4
11,857.6
12,647.2
13,451.6
14,259.9
15,355.4
16,171.3
17,244.8
18,564.6
18,863.1
19,175.0
20,135.1
21,697.3
23,514.9
24,888.0
26,151.3
26,825.7
24,657.2
26,093.5
27,536.0
28,703.8
29,721.3
31,001.4
Population
United Statesb
World
Million People
1950 ..............
1955 ..............
1960 ..............
1965 ..............
1970 ..............
1975 ..............
1980 ..............
1981 ..............
1982 ..............
1983 ..............
1984 ..............
1985 ..............
1986 ..............
1987 ..............
1988 ..............
1989 ..............
1990 ..............
1991 ..............
1992 ..............
1993 ..............
1994 ..............
1995 ..............
1996 ..............
1997 ..............
1998 ..............
1999 ..............
2000 ..............
2001 ..............
2002 ..............
2003 ..............
2004 ..............
2005 ..............
2006 ..............
2007 ..............
2008 ..............
2009 ..............
2010 ..............
2011 ..............
2012 ..............
2013 ..............
2014 ..............
152.3
165.9
180.7
194.3
205.1
216.0
227.2
229.5
231.7
233.8
235.8
237.9
240.1
242.3
244.5
246.8
249.6
253.0
256.5
259.9
263.1
266.3
269.4
272.6
275.9
279.0
282.2
285.0
287.6
290.1
292.8
295.5
298.4
301.2
304.1
306.8
309.3
311.7
314.1
316.5
318.9
2,557.6
2,782.1
3,043.0
3,350.4
3,712.7
4,089.1
4,451.4
4,534.4
4,614.6
4,695.7
4,774.6
4,856.5
4,940.6
5,027.2
5,114.6
5,201.4
5,289.0
5,371.6
5,456.1
5,538.3
5,618.7
5,699.2
5,779.4
5,858.0
5,935.2
6,012.1
6,088.6
6,165.2
6,242.0
6,318.6
6,395.7
6,473.0
6,551.3
6,629.9
6,709.0
6,788.2
6,866.3
6,944.1
7,022.3
7,101.0
7,178.7
United States
as Share of World
a Gross output is the value of gross domestic product (GDP) plus the value of
intermediate inputs used to produce GDP.
b Resident population of the 50 states and the District of Columbia estimated for
July 1 of each year.
c The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal
dollars to chained (2009) dollars.
d See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
e See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 states and
the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
(Excel and CSV files) for all available annual data beginning in 1949.
Sources: United States Population: 19491989U.S. Department of
Commerce (DOC), U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports Series P-25
(June 2000). 19901999DOC, U.S. Census Bureau, "Time Series of Intercensal
State Population Estimates" (April 2002). 20002009DOC, U.S. Census Bureau,
"Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions,
States, and Puerto Rico" (September 2011). 2010 forwardDOC, U.S. Census
Bureau, "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States,
Regions, States, and Puerto Rico" (December 2014). World Population: 1950
forwardDOC, U.S. Census Bureau, International Database (July 2015).
United States as Share of World Population: Calculated as U.S. population
divided by world population.
U.S. Gross Domestic Product:

1949
forwardDOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), National Income and Product
Accounts (September 2015), Tables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9. U.S. Gross Output:
1987 forwardDOC, BEA, GDP by Industry data (July 2015).
205
Appendix D
Table D1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States,
Selected Years, 16351945 (Quadrillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
1635 ..............
1645 ..............
1655 ..............
1665 ..............
1675 ..............
1685 ..............
1695 ..............
1705 ..............
1715 ..............
1725 ..............
1735 ..............
1745 ..............
1755 ..............
1765 ..............
1775 ..............
1785 ..............
1795 ..............
1805 ..............
1815 ..............
1825 ..............
1835 ..............
1845 ..............
1850 ..............
1855 ..............
1860 ..............
1865 ..............
1870 ..............
1875 ..............
1880 ..............
1885 ..............
1890 ..............
1895 ..............
1900 ..............
1905 ..............
1910 ..............
1915 ..............
1920 ..............
1925 ..............
1930 ..............
1935 ..............
1940 ..............
1945 ..............
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas
Petroleum
Total
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Coal
Wood a
Total
Electricity
Net
Importsb
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.219
.421
.518
.632
1.048
1.440
2.054
2.840
4.062
4.950
6.841
10.001
12.714
13.294
15.504
14.706
13.639
10.634
12.535
15.972
0.082
.257
.147
.252
.372
.540
.673
.813
1.191
1.932
1.919
2.665
3.871
0.003
.010
.011
.011
.096
.040
.156
.168
.229
.610
1.007
1.418
2.676
4.280
5.897
5.675
7.760
10.110
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.219
.421
.521
.642
1.059
1.451
2.150
2.962
4.475
5.265
7.322
10.983
14.261
15.385
18.993
20.177
21.468
18.228
22.960
29.953
0.022
.090
.250
.386
.539
.659
.738
.668
.752
.806
.880
1.442
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.138
2.389
2.641
2.767
2.893
2.872
2.851
2.683
2.515
2.306
2.015
1.843
1.765
1.688
1.610
1.533
1.455
1.397
1.358
a1.261
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.138
2.389
2.641
2.767
2.893
2.872
2.851
2.683
2.537
2.396
2.265
2.229
2.304
2.347
2.348
2.201
2.207
2.203
2.238
2.703
0.002
.003
.004
.005
.005
.007
.009
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.357
2.810
3.162
3.409
3.952
4.323
5.001
5.645
7.012
7.661
9.587
13.212
16.565
17.734
21.344
22.382
23.680
20.436
25.205
32.665
a There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 (in this table)
and 1949 (in Table 10.1). Through 1945, data are for fuelwood only; beginning in
1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels.
b Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus
exports.
NA=Not available. =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.
Notes: For years not shown, data are not available. See Tables 1.3 and
10.1 for continuation of these data series beginning in 1949. See Note,
"Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 16351945," at end of section.
Sources: Fossil Fuels: Energy in the American Economy, 18501975, Table
VII. Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy,
18501975, Table II. Wood: 16351845U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States 16301930, February 1942.
This source estimates fuelwood consumption in cords per decade, which were
converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per cord. The annual
average value for each decade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the
assumption that annual use was likely to increase during any given decade and the
average annual value was more likely to reflect mid-decade yearly consumption
than use at either the beginning or end of the decade. Values thus begin in 1635
and are plotted at 10-year intervals. 18501945Energy in the American
Economy, 18501975, Table VII. Electricity Net Imports: Energy in the
American Economy, 18501975, Tables I and VI. Electricity net imports are
assumed to equal hydroelectric consumption minus hydroelectric production (data
are converted to Btu by multiplying by 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour).
207
Note. Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 16351945.

Table D1 presents estimates of U.S. energy consumption by
energy source for a period that begins a century and a half
before the original 13 colonies formed a political union and
continues through the decades during which the United
States was still expanding territorially. The question thus
arises, what exactly is meant by U.S. consumption of an
energy source for those years when the United States did not
formally exist or consisted of less territory than is now
encompassed by the 50 states and the District of Columbia?
The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as
possible) the sources of those documents, were reviewed
carefully for clues to geographic coverage. For most energy
sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than
the nation, defined as all the official states and the District of
Columbia. Estimates or measurements of consumption of
each energy source generally appear to follow settlement
patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent
that were settled enough to have economically significant
consumption even though those areas were not to become
states for years. The wood data series, for example, begins in
1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting
Georgia), as well as Maine, Vermont, and the area that
would become the District of Columbia. By the time the
208
series reaches 1810, the rest of the continental states are all
included, although the last of the 48 states to achieve statehood did not do so until 1912. Likewise, the coal data series
begins in 1850 but includes consumption in areas, such as
Utah and Washington (state), which were significant coal
producing regions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note:
No data were available on state-level historical coal
consumption. The coal data shown in Table D1 through
1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., production plus
imports minus exports. The geographic coverage for coal
was therefore based on a tally of coal-producing states listed
in various historical issues of Minerals Yearbook. It is likely
that coal was consumed in states where it was not mined in
significant quantities.)
By energy source, the extent of coverage can be summarized as
follows: Coal35 coal-producing states by 1885. Natural
GasAll 48 contiguous states, the District of Columbia, and
Alaska by 1885. PetroleumAll 48 contiguous states, the
District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. Conventional
Hydroelectric PowerCoverage for 1890 and 1895 is
uncertain, but probably the 48 contiguous states and the
District of Columbia. Coverage for 19001945 is the 48
contiguous states, and the District of Columbia. WoodAll
48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia by 1810.
Glossary
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical
compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The series of molecules vary in chain length and are
composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group;
CH(3)-(CH(2))n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary
butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.
Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation
applications, include the following: methanol; denatured
ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85
percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol,
and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels;
natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol)
derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy
diesel fuel); electricity (including electricity from solar
energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines,
by rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield
substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not
include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily
petroleum-based fuels used as oxygenates or extenders,
i.e., MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10-percent ethanol
portion of gasohol.
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to
operate on an alternative fuel (e.g., compressed natural
gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle could be
either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively
on alternative fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to
operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.
Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for
residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal,
containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low
percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of
fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent.
The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the
United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture
and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite
refuse or mine waste has been used for steam-electric
power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of
15 million Btu per ton or less.
Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused
by human activity. The term is used in the context of global
climate change to refer to gaseous emissions that are the
result of human activities, as well as other potentially
climate-altering activities, such as deforestation.
Asphalt: A dark brown-to-black cement-like material

obtained by petroleum processing and containing bitumens
as the predominant component; used primarily for road
construction. It includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content
of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates
blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts. Note: The
conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per short ton.
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that
will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline, alkylate, reformate,
benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates are
reported as other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.
See Aviation Gasoline, Finished.
Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in
aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are
provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military
Specification MIL-G-5572.
Note: Data on blending
components are not counted in data on finished aviation
gasoline.
Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S.
Gallons.
Base Gas: The quantity of natural gas needed to maintain
adequate reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. Base gas usually is not withdrawn and remains in the reservoir. All natural gas native to
a depleted reservoir is included in the base gas volume.
Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or
other vegetable oils; animal fats; and recycled grease. It
can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived diesel fuel
or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl
esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or
animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of
ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.
Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced
from biomass (plant) feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.
Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the term biogenic to refer only to
organic nonfossil material of biological origin.
209
Biomass: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin

constituting a renewable energy source. See Biodiesel,
Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood and
Wood-Derived Fuels.
Biomass-Based Diesel Fuel: Biodiesel and other renewable diesel fuel or diesel fuel blending components derived
from biomass, but excluding renewable diesel fuel coprocessed with petroleum feedstocks. See Renewable Diesel
Fuel (Other).
Biomass Waste: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product.
Biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from
biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural
crop byproducts, straw, and other biomass solids, liquids,
and gases; but excludes wood and wood-derived fuels
(including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel,
and fuel ethanol. Note: EIA biomass waste data also
include energy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.
Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of
bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities
also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture
content usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content
of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per
short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat
content of bituminous coal consumed in the United
States averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on the
and mineral matter).
Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor, that can be used as a source of
energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After
evaporation, the residual "black" liquor is burned as a fuel
in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain
basic chemicals.
British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid
water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which
water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees
Fahrenheit). See Heat Content.
Btu: See British Thermal Unit.
Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting
energy data between one unit of measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are
generally used to convert energy data from physical
units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short
tons) into the energy-equivalent measure of Btu. (See
210
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
for further information on Btu conversion factors.)
Butane (C4H10): A straight-chain or branch-chain hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams,
which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure. It
includes isobutane and normal butane and is designated in
ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association
specifications for commercial butane.
Isobutane (C4H10): A branch-chain saturated (paraffinic)
hydrocarbon extracted from both natural gas and refinery
gas streams, which is gaseous at standard temperature and
pressure. It is a colorless gas that boils at a temperature of
11 degrees Fahrenheit. See Paraffinic Hydrocarbons.
Normal Butane (C4H10): A straight-chain saturated (paraffinic) hydrocarbon extracted from both natural gas and
refinery gas streams, which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure. It is a colorless gas that boils at a
temperature of 31 degrees Fahrenheit. See Paraffinic
Hydrocarbons.
Butylene (C4H8): An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from
refinery or petrochemical processes, which is gaseous at
standard temperature and pressure. Butylene is used in the
production of gasoline and various petrochemical products.
See Olefinic Hydrocarbons (Olefins).
Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electrical energy
produced by a generating unit for a given period of time
to the electrical energy that could have been produced at
continuous full-power operation during the same period.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as well
as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it
traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into the
atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential for global
warming. The global warming potential (GWP) of other
greenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon
dioxide, which by international scientific convention is
assigned a value of one (1).
Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices.
Real prices are those that have been adjusted to remove the
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year.
Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant
dollars, a measure based on the weights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the
U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chaineddollar measure. The new measure is based on the average
weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years.
It is chained because the second year in each pair, with
its weights, becomes the first year of the next pair. The
advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is
more closely related to any given period and is therefore

subject to less distortion over time.
CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.
Citygate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives gas from a natural gas pipeline
company or transmission system.
Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of
climatic inconsistency, but especially to significant change
from one prevailing climatic condition to another. In some
cases, "climate change" has been used synonymously with
the term "global warming"; scientists, however, tend to
use the term in a wider sense inclusive of natural changes in
climate, including climatic cooling.
Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock
whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists
of more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70
percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed
from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened,
chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Anthracite, Bituminous
Coal, Lignite, Subbituminous Coal, Waste Coal, and
Coal Synfuel.
Coal Coke: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from
low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile
constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed
carbon and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a
fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast
furnace. Coke from coal is grey, hard, and porous and has a
heating value of 24.8 million Btu per ton.
Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for
future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are collected
for a particular reporting period (month, quarter, or year), coal
stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of the period.
Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel plant; and coal-based fuels such as
briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are formed from
fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.
Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into coal synfuel.
Coke: See Coal Coke and Petroleum Coke.
Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke.
See Coal Coke.
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant
designed to produce both heat and electricity from a single
heat source. Note: This term is being used in place of the
term "cogenerator" that was used by EIA in the past. CHP
better describes the facilities because some of the plants
included do not produce heat and power in a sequential

fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of
cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory
Policies Act (PURPA).
Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of service-providing facilities and equipment of:
businesses; federal, state, and local governments; and
other private and public organizations, such as religious,
social, or fraternal groups. The commercial sector includes
institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with
this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide
variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes
generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
output primarily to support the activities of the abovementioned commercial establishments.
See End-Use
Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Completion: The installation of permanent equipment for
the production of oil or gas. If a well is equipped to
produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the
definition of a well (classified as an oil well or gas well)
and the definition of a completion are identical. However,
if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately
from more than one reservoir, a well is not synonymous
with a completion.
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Hydroelectric power
generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.
Conventional Motor Gasoline:
Conventional.
See Motor Gasoline
Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data

between one unit of measurement and another (such as
between short tons and British thermal units, or
between
barrels
and
gallons).
(See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
for further information on conversion factors.) See
Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Conversion Factor.
Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A sales transaction in
which the seller pays for the transportation and insurance of
the goods to the port of destination specified by the buyer.
Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid
phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid
at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface
separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of
the crude stream, it may also include: 1) small amounts of
hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure
after being recovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in
lease separators and are subsequently commingled with
the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease
condensate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wells in
211
lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the

crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts of
nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur
and various metals; and 3) drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and
oil shale. Liquids produced at natural gas processing
plants are excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a
wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils;
gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane,
propane, and butane; and many other products used for
their energy or chemical content.
Crude Oil F.O.B. Price: The crude oil price actually
charged at the oil-producing countrys port of loading.
Includes deductions for any rebates and discounts or additions of premiums, where applicable. It is the actual price
paid with no adjustment for credit terms.
Crude Oil (Including Lease Condensate): A mixture of
hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground
reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure
after passing through surface separating facilities.
Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons
produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip
gases are also included, but topped crude oil (residual oil)
and other unfinished oils are excluded. Where
identifiable, liquids produced at natural gas processing
plants and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded.
Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port
of discharge, including charges associated with the
purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the
purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not
include charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import
tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage).
Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into
processing units at refineries.
Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals,
and on leases.
Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by
crude oil pipelines and on crude oil leases.
Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of
crude oil from one or more oil zones or reservoirs. Wells
producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as
oil wells.
may be simple degree-day normals or populationweighted degree-day normals.

Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm
a location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by
subtracting the base temperature (65 degrees) from the
average of the days high and low temperatures, with
negative values set equal to zero. Each days cooling
degree-days are summed to create a cooling degree-day
measure for a specified reference period. Cooling
degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of
air conditioning energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a
location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by
subtracting the average of the days high and low
temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees),
with negative values set equal to zero. Each days heating degree-days are summed to create a heating degreeday measure for a specified reference period. Heating
degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of
space heating energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling
degree-days weighted by the population of the area in
which the degree-days are recorded. To compute state
population-weighted degree-days, each state is divided
into from one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based on the ratio of
the population of the division to the total population of
the state. Degree-day readings for each division are
multiplied by the corresponding population weight for
each division and those products are then summed to
arrive at the state population-weighted degree-day
figure. To compute national population-weighted
degree-days, the nation is divided into nine Census
regions, each comprising from three to eight states,
which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the
population of the region to the total population of the
nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each
region and those products are then summed to arrive at
the national population-weighted degree-day figure.
Cubic Foot (Natural Gas): The amount of natural gas

contained at standard temperature and pressure (60 degrees
Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard per square inch) in a
cube whose edges are one foot long.
Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or

conventional motor gasoline, added to fuel ethanol to
make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production
facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent denaturant. See
Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of

monthly or annual degree-days over a long period of time
(usually the 30-year period 19611990). The averages
Design Electrical Rating, Net: The nominal net electrical

output of a nuclear unit as specified by the electric utility
for the purpose of plant design.
212
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of

an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon
known to be productive.
Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils
obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such
distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for
diesel fuels than for gasoline.
Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is
produced by either the same entity that consumes the power
or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support of a service or
industrial process located within the same facility or group
of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use
is exclusive of station use.
Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the
petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation
operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils. Products
known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in
on-highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and
automobiles, as well as off-highway engines, such as those
in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used
primarily for space heating and electricity generation.
Dry Hole: An exploratory or development well found to be
incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry)
Production.
E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and
15 percent motor gasoline.
Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers,
electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting
mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or
electricity and heat, to the public-i.e., North American Industry Classification System 22 plants. See also CombinedHeat-and-Power (CHP) Plant, Electricity-Only Plant,
Electric Utility, and Independent Power Producer.
Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or
distributes electricity and recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets and operations,
either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by
a separate regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service
Commission), or is owned by a governmental unit or the
consumers that the entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts,
public utility districts, municipalities, rural electric
cooperatives, and state and federal agencies. Electric utilities may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
approval for interconnection agreements and wholesale
trade tariffs covering either cost-of-service and/or marketbased rates under the authority of the Federal Power Act.
See Electric Power Sector.
Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy
lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.
Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence
and motion of elementary charged particles generated by
friction, induction, or chemical change.
Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric
energy, or the amount of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy, commonly expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh).
Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric
energy produced by generating units and measured at the
generating terminal in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh).
Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less station use (the electric energy
consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or
auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for
station service and is deducted from gross generation.
Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See also Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.
Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold to
customers purchasing electricity for their own use and not
for resale.
End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial,
and transportation sectors of the economy.
Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the
capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion
of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has
several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be
changed to another form useful for work.
Most of the
worlds convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that
are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer
medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in
British thermal units.
Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of
heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process.
Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides
service to a retail or end-use customer.
213
Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming

components of U.S. society developed to measure and
analyze energy use. The sectors most commonly referred to
in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.
Ethane (C2H6): A straight-chain saturated (paraffinic)
hydrocarbon extracted predominantly from the natural
gas stream, which is gaseous at standard temperature and
-127 degrees Fahrenheit. See Paraffinic Hydrocarbons.
Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol.
Ethanol is typically produced biologically from biomass
feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues
from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be
produced chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel
Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Ether: A generic term applied to a group of organic
chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, characterized by an oxygen atom attached to two
carbon atoms (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether).
Ethylene (C2H4): An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered
from refinery or petrochemical processes, which is gaseous
at standard temperature and pressure. Ethylene is used as a
petrochemical feedstock for many chemical applications
and the production of consumer goods. See Olefinic
Hydrocarbons (Olefins).
Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or
gas in an area previously considered an unproductive area, to
find a new reservoir in a known field (i.e., one previously
found to be producing oil or gas in another reservoir), or to
extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir.
Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 states
and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.
Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor
of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The
Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity
sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing,
natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline
certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency
within the U.S. Department of Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.
Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor
agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The
Federal Power Commission was created by an Act of
Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10,
1920. It was charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It was abolished on
214
September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy

was created. Its functions were divided between the U.S.
Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, an independent regulatory agency.
First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil
reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first
time it is removed from the lease boundary.
Flared Natural Gas: Natural gas burned in flares on the
base site or at gas processing plants.
F.O.B. (Free on Board): A sales transaction in which the
seller makes the product available for pick up at a specified
port or terminal at a specified price and the buyer pays for
the subsequent transportation and insurance.
Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any specified period, includes (1)
the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all wells
drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed
footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and
(3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack
wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells
does not include footage in the common bore, which is
reported as footage for the original well. In the case of
old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that
which was drilled below the total depth of the old well.
Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earths crust
from decayed organic material, such as petroleum, coal,
and natural gas.
Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electricity
generation plant in which the prime mover is a turbine
rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler by heat
from burning fossil fuels.
Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol
in the United States must be anhydrous (less than 1
percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (made unfit for
human consumption), usually prior to transport from the
ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume
percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally
for blending in low concentrations with motor gasoline
as an oxygenate or octane enhancer. In high concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially
designed for its use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle,
Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.
Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity
of anhydrous, biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for
fuel use. The quantity is obtained by subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume.
Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable

energy, while denaturant is counted as nonrenewable fuel.
See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable
Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.
Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating
unit at 100 percent of its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.
Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing
alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a
concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent by
volume. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.
Gas Well: A well completed for production of natural gas
from one or more gas zones or reservoirs. Such wells contain
no completions for the production of crude oil.
Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from
geothermal reservoirs in the earths crust and used for geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity generation.
Global Warming:
An increase in the near-surface
temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in
the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the
term is today most often used to refer to the warming some
scientists predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. See Climate
Change.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to
compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases
without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric
concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one
kilogram of carbon dioxide over a fixed period of time,
such as 100 years.
Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but
opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing
long-wave radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere.
The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a
tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods
and services produced by labor and property located in the
United States. As long as the labor and property are
located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.
GT/IC: Gas turbine and internal combustion plants.
Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be

released by the transformation or use of a specified physical
unit of an energy form (e.g., a ton of coal, a barrel of oil,
a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas,
or a pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is
commonly expressed in British thermal units (Btu).
Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be
expressed in terms of either gross heat content (higher or
upper heating value) or net heat content (lower heating
value), depending upon whether or not the available heat
energy includes or excludes the energy used to vaporize
water (contained in the original energy form or created
during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administration typically uses gross heat content values.
Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as Btu per kilowatthour. Note:
Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat rates,
depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat rates are typically expressed as net heat rates.
Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The
molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from
the simplest (methane, the primary constituent of natural
gas) to the very heavy and very complex.
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL): A group of hydrocarbons including ethane, propane, normal butane,
isobutane, and natural gasoline, and their associated
olefins, including ethylene, propylene, butylene, and
isobutylene. As marketed products, HGL represents all
natural gas liquids (NGL) and olefins. EIA reports
production of HGL from refineries (liquefied refinery
gases, or LRG) and natural gas plants (natural gas plant
liquids, or NGPL). Excludes liquefied natural gas
(LNG). See Olefinic Hydrocarbons (Olefins).
Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from
the kinetic energy of falling water.
Hydroelectric Power Plant: A plant in which the turbine
generators are driven by falling water.
Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectricity that is
generated during peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during
off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is
available to do so. When additional generating capacity
is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir
through a conduit to turbine generators located in a power
plant at a lower level.
Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs
chiefly in combination with oxygen in water. It also exists in
acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons.
215
Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 states and the

District of Columbia from U.S. possessions and territories
or from foreign countries.
Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person,
agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that
owns or operates facilities for the generation of electricity for
use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility.
Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of all facilities and equipment used for producing,
processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector
encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICS codes 31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and
hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil and gas
extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction (NAICS
code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely for
process heat and cooling and powering machinery, with
lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning,
and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material
inputs to manufactured products. Note: This sector includes
generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
output primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial
activities. See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Injections (Natural Gas): Natural gas injected into storage reservoirs.
Isobutane (C4H10): A branch-chain saturated (paraffinic)
hydrocarbon extracted from both natural gas and refinery
gas streams, which is gaseous at standard temperature and
11 degrees Fahrenheit. See Paraffinic Hydrocarbons.
Isobutylene (C4H8): A branch-chain olefinic hydrocarbon
recovered from refinery or petrochemical processes, which is
gaseous at standard temperature and pressure. Isobutylene is
used in the production of gasoline and various petrochemical
products. See Olefinic Hydrocarbons (Olefins).
Isopentane (C5H12): A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or
isomerization of normal pentane.
Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft
engines. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel,
Naphtha-Type.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product
having a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees
Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and a final
maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and
meeting ASTM Specification D 1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5
and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbo jet
and turbo prop aircraft engines.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha
boiling range having an average gravity of 52.8 degrees
216
API, 20% to 90% distillation temperatures of 290 degrees

to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L (Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for
military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines because it
has a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meets
engine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.
Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used in
space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable
for use as a light source when burned in wick-fed lamps.
Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400
degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final
boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum
flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are No.
1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM
Specification D 3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene
called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to
those of No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.
Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.
Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as
a unit of work or energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000
watts) of power expended for 1 hour. One kilowatthour is
equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.
Landed Costs: The dollar-per-barrel price of crude oil at
the port of discharge. Included are the charges associated
with the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from
the purchase point to the port of discharge. Not included are
charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or
fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage charges).
Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and
lease operations (such as gas used in drilling operations,
heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as
fuel in natural gas processing plants.
Lease Condensate: Light liquid hydrocarbons recovered
from lease separators or field facilities at associated and
non-associated natural gas wells. Mostly pentanes and
heavier hydrocarbons. Normally enters the crude oil stream
after production.
Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as
brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a
high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45
percent. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United
States averages 13 million Btu per short ton, on the
and mineral matter).
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily
methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane, normal butane, and isobutane, derived from crude oil refining or natural gas processing. These gases may be marketed individually or
mixed. They can be liquefied through pressurization (without requiring cryogenic refrigeration) for convenience of
transportation or storage. Excludes ethane and olefins. Note:
In some EIA publications, LPG includes ethane and
marketed refinery olefin streams, in accordance with definitions used prior to January 2014.
Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Hydrocarbon gas
liquids produced in refineries from processing of crude oil
and unfinished oils. They are retained in the liquid state
through pressurization and/or refrigeration. The reported categories include ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane,
and refinery olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, and
isobutylene).
Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear
generating units initial fuel loading date and the issuance of
its operating (full-power) license. The maximum level of
operation during that period is 5 percent of the units design
thermal rating.
Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between
bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the
manufacturing of other products or as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to impart or
improve certain required properties. Excluded are byproducts
of lubricating oil refining, such as aromatic extracts derived
from solvent extraction or tars derived from deasphalting.
Included are all grades of lubricating oils from spindle oil to
cylinder oil and those used in greases. Lubricant categories
are paraffinic and naphthenic.
Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Gas
Marketed Production.
Methane (CH4): A colorless, flammable, odorless hydrocarbon gas which is the major component of natural gas. It is
also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial
processes. Methane is a greenhouse gas. See Greenhouse
Gases.
Methanol (CH3OH): A light, volatile alcohol eligible for
gasoline blending. See Motor Gasoline Blending and
Oxygenates.
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) ((CH3)3COCH3):
An ether intended for gasoline blending. See Motor Gasoline Blending and Oxygenates.
Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewherefor example,
petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and
tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels,

synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.
Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphtha (e.g.,
straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene,
xylene) used for blending or compounding into finished
motor gasoline. These components include reformulated
gasoline blendstock (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygenates
are reported as individual components and are included in
the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates.
Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline
not included in the oxygenated or reformulated motor
gasoline categories. Note: This category excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as
well as other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can
be leaded or unleaded; regular, midgrade, or premium. See
Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline (Finished): A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use
in spark-ignition engines. Motor gasoline, as defined in
ASTM Specification D 4814 or Federal Specification
VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range
of 122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10 percent recovery point to 365 to 374 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90
percent recovery point. Motor gasoline includes conventional gasoline; all types of oxygenated gasoline, including gasohol; and reformulated gasoline, but excludes
aviation gasoline. Note: Volumetric data on blending
components, such as oxygenates, are not counted in data
on finished motor gasoline until the blending components
are blended into the gasoline. See Motor Gasoline,
Conventional; Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated; and
Motor Gasoline, Reformulated.
Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by
octane ratings. Each type of gasoline (conventional,
oxygenated, and reformulated) is classified by three
grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note: Gasoline
sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at the time of sale. In general, automotive octane
requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in
some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be
2 or more octane points lower.
Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e.,
octane rating, greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.
Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See
Motor Gasoline Grades.
Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,
i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or
equal to 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by
altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
217
Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,

i.e., octane rating, greater than 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline,
other than reformulated gasoline, having an oxygen
content of 2.7 percent or higher by weight and required
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
be sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide
(CO) nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gasoline
excludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline blendstock for
oxygenate blending (RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at
least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and is intended for
sale inside CO nonattainment areas are included in data
on oxygenated gasoline. Other data on gasohol are
included in data on conventional gasoline.
Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline
formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and
properties of which meet the requirements of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency under Section 211(k)
of the Clean Air Act. Note: This category includes
oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG)
but excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for
oxygenate blending (RBOB).
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices: Motor gasoline prices
calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) in conjunction with the construction of the
Consumer Price Index (CPI). Those prices are collected in
85 urban areas selected to represent all urban consumersabout 80 percent of the total U.S. population. The service
stations are selected initially, and on a replacement basis,
in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of
the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample
include those providing all types of service (i.e., full-,
mini-, and self-service.
Motor Gasoline (Total): For stock level data, a sum
including finished motor gasoline stocks plus stocks of
motor gasoline blending components but excluding stocks
of oxygenates.
Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon

compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in buildings, and as
raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.
Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1)
the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed
from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or plant
separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases
have been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity
to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry natural gas is
also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The parameters
for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit
and 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute.
Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing
consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas withdrawn from
reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production
(lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes used at the
production site include 1) the volume returned to reservoirs
in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation
operations; and 2) vented natural gas and flared natural
gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases
(e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen
sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and 2)
gas converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate and
natural gas plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn
from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part of
production. Dry natural gas production equals natural gas
marketed production less natural gas plant liquids
production.
Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): A group of hydrocarbons
including ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane,
and natural gasoline. Generally include natural gas
plant liquids and all liquefied refinery gases except
olefins. See Paraffinic Hydrocarbons.
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Gross withdrawals of
natural gas from production reservoirs, less gas used for
reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases removed
in treating and processing operations; and quantities of
vented natural gas and flared natural gas.
NAICS (North American Industry Classification System):

A coding system developed jointly by the United States,
Canada, and Mexico to classify businesses and industries
according to the type of economic activity in which they are
engaged. NAICS replaces the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. For additional information on NAICS, go
to http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.
Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons

in natural gas that are separated as liquids at natural gas
processing, fractionating, and cycling plants. Products
obtained include ethane, liquefied petroleum gases (
propane,normal butane, and isobutane), and natural
gasoline. Component products may be fractionated or
mixed. Lease condensate and plant condensate are
excluded. Note: Some EIA publications categorize
NGPL production as field production, in accordance
with definitions used prior to January 2014.
Naphtha: A generic term applied to a refined or

partially refined petroleum fraction with an approximate boiling range between 122 degrees and 400
degrees Fahrenheit.
Natural Gas Wellhead Price: The wellhead price of

natural gas is calculated by dividing the total reported
value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as
reported by the appropriate agencies of individual
MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.
218
producing states and the U.S. Minerals Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the
lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition
to state production, severance, and similar charges.
Natural Gasoline: A commodity product commonly
traded in natural gas liquids (NGL) markets that
comprises liquid hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and
hexanes) and generally remains liquid at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Natural gasoline is equivalent to pentanes plus.
Net Summer Capacity: The maximum output, commonly
expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW), that
generating equipment can supply to system load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summer peak
demand (period of June 1 through September 30). This
output reflects a reduction in capacity due to electricity use
for station service or auxiliaries.
Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally
between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia under a 1992 agreement.
The Neutral Zone contains an estimated 5 billion barrels of
oil and 8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominal price.
Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service
at the time of the transaction. Nominal prices are those
that have not been adjusted to remove the effect of
changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
reflect buying power in the year in which the transaction
occurred.
Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin that
is a byproduct or a discarded product. Non-biomass waste
includes municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources,
such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.
Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases
that may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon
dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.
Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or
"renewed," such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
Normal Butane (C4H10): A straight-chain saturated (paraffinic) hydrocarbon extracted from both natural gas and
refinery gas streams, which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure. It is a colorless gas that boils at a
temperature of 31 degrees Fahrenheit. See Paraffinic
Hydrocarbons.
Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity
generated by the use of the thermal energy released from the
fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.
Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multiunit
facility in which heat produced in one or more reactors by
the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive one or more

steam turbines.
Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission
chain reaction can be initiated, controlled, and sustained at a
specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material),
moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a system to conduct heat away from
the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the reactor's systems.
OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development.
Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the
coastline. In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary low
water along with that portion of the coast that is in direct
contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward
limit of inland water.
Oil: See Crude Oil.
Olefinic Hydrocarbons (Olefins): Unsaturated hydrocarbon
compounds with the general formula CnH2n containing at least
one carbon-to-carbon double-bond. Olefins are produced at
crude oil refineries and petrochemical plants and are not naturally occurring constituents of oil and natural gas. Sometimes
referred to as alkenes or unsaturated hydrocarbons. Excludes
aromatics.
Olefins: See Olefinic Hydrocarbons (Olefins).
OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries.
Operable Unit (Nuclear): In the United States, a nuclear
generating unit that has completed low-power testing and
been issued a full-power operating license by the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, or equivalent permission to
operate.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD): An international organization helping governments
tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a
globalized economy. Its membership comprises about 30
member countries. With active relationships with some 70
other countries, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and
civil society, it has a global reach. For details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated
objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of
member countries." It was created at the Baghdad Conference
on September 1014, 1960. Current members (with years of
membership) include Algeria (1969present), Angola
(2007present), Ecuador (19731992 and 2007present), Iran
(1960present), Iraq (1960present), Kuwait (1960present),
219
Libya (1962present), Nigeria (1971present), Qatar

(1961present), Saudi Arabia (1960present), United Arab
Emirates (1967present), and Venezuela (1960present).
Countries no longer members of OPEC include Gabon
(19751994) and Indonesia (19622008).
operations (e.g., catalytic cracking). Carbon is deposited

on the catalyst, thus deactivating the catalyst. The catalyst
is reactivated by burning off the carbon producing heat and
carbon dioxide (CO2). The carbonaceous residue is not
recoverable as a product. See Petroleum Coke.
Other Hydrocarbons: Materials received by a refinery

and consumed as a raw material. Includes hydrogen, coal
tar derivatives, gilsonite. Excludes natural gas used for
fuel or hydrogen feedstock.
Petroleum Coke, Marketable: Those grades of coke

produced in delayed or fluid cokers that may be recovered
as relatively pure carbon. Marketable petroleum coke may
be sold as is or further purified by calcining. See Petroleum Coke.
Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to gasoline,

increase the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend.
Ethanol, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl
Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE), and methanol are common
oxygenates.
PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense
Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 states and the
District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum
Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were
originally instituted for economic and geographic reasons
as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW) Districts,
which were established in 1942.
Paraffinic Hydrocarbons:
Saturated hydrocarbon
compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2 containing
only single bonds. Sometimes referred to as alkanes or
natural gas liquids.
Pentanes Plus: A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, mostly
pentanes and heavier, extracted from natural gas in a gas
processing plant. Pentanes plus is equivalent to natural
gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived
from refined or partially refined petroleum fractions, principally for use in the manufacturing of chemicals, synthetic
rubber, and a variety of plastics.
Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon
mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of
crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of
finished petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon
compounds, such as additives and detergents, after they
have been blended into the products.
Petroleum Coke: A residue high in carbon content and
low in hydrogen that is the final product of thermal
decomposition in the condensation process in cracking.
This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst
coke. The conversion is 5 barrels (of 42 U.S. gallons each)
per short ton. See Petroleum Coke, Catalyst and Petroleum Coke, Marketable.
Petroleum Coke, Catalyst: The carbonaceous residue that
is deposited on the catalyst used in many catalytic
220
Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplied

(Petroleum).
Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50
states and the District of Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and
other U.S. territories and possessions. Included are
imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshore
consumption, offshore bunker use, and military use.
Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleum into bonded
warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S. Foreign
Trade Zones.
Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the processing of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural
gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases,
pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline,
naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene,
distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum
coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous
products.
Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual products,
quantities that are held at refineries, in pipelines, and at
bulk terminals that have a capacity of 50,000 barrels or
more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by product retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held
at the point of consumption, are excluded. Stocks of
individual products held at gas processing plants are
excluded from individual product estimates but are
included in other oils estimates and total.
Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated
from sunlight through solid-state semiconductor devices
that have no moving parts.
Pipeline Fuel:
Gas consumed in the operation of
pipelines, primarily in compressors.
Plant Condensate: Liquid hydrocarbons recovered at inlet
separators or scrubbers in natural gas processing plants at
atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures. Mostly
pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons.
Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first

accounted for in a statistical energy balance, before any
transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of energy. For
example, coal can be converted to synthetic gas, which can
be converted to electricity; in this example, coal is primary
energy, synthetic gas is secondary energy, and electricity is
tertiary energy. See Primary Energy Production and
Primary Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary
energy. (Energy sources that are produced from other
energy sourcese.g., coal coke from coalare included in
primary energy consumption only if their energy content has
not already been included as part of the original energy
source. Thus, U.S. primary energy consumption does
include net imports of coal coke, but not the coal coke
produced from domestic coal.) The U.S. Energy Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary
energy consumption: coal consumption; coal coke net
imports; petroleum consumption (petroleum products
supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil
burned as fuel); dry natural gasexcluding supplemental
gaseous fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat
rate); conventional hydroelectricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate);
geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and geothermal
heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar
thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate),
and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants
heat rate); wood and wood-derived fuels consumption;
biomass waste consumption; fuel ethanol and biodiesel
consumption; losses and co-products from the production of
fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports
(converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412
Btu per kilowatthour). See Total Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary
energy.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration
includes the following in U.S. primary energy production:
coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse
recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural
gas plant liquids production; dry natural gasexcluding
supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants
heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate);
geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump
energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and
photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use
energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and
biofuels feedstock.
Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar

machine that drives an electric generator; or, for reporting
purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity directly.
Product Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products from primary
sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas-processing plants,
blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general,
product supplied of each product in any given period is
computed as follows: field production, plus refinery
production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil
(plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis)
minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery
inputs, and minus exports.
Propane (C3H8): A straight-chain saturated (paraffinic)
hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas
streams, which is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure. It is a colorless gas that boils at a temperature of -44
degrees Fahrenheit. It includes all products designated in
ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association
specifications for commercial (HD-5) propane. See Paraffinic Hydrocarbons.
Propylene (C3H6): An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered
from refinery or petrochemical processes, which is gaseous
at standard temperature and pressure. Propylene is an
important petrochemical feedstock. See Olefinic Hydrocarbons (Olefins).
Real Dollars: These are dollars that have been adjusted for
inflation.
Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar. Real
prices, which are expressed in constant dollars, usually
reflect buying power relative to a base year.
Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: The cost of crude
oil to the refiner, including transportation and fees. The
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and
imported crude oil costs.
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending components processed at refineries,
or blended at refineries or petroleum storage terminals to
produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross
inputs of crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other
hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen, oxygenates
(excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including
fuel ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinished
oils, motor gasoline blending components, and aviation
gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated
as gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net
inputs indicate gross inputs are less than gross production.
Examples of negative net inputs include reformulated
gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB)
produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals,
221
and unfinished oils produced and added to inventory in

advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil
distillation unit.
Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery gases, and finished petroleum products produced at
a refinery or petroleum storage terminal blending
facility. Net production equals gross production minus
gross inputs. Negative net production indicates gross
production is less than gross inputs for a finished petroleum product. Examples of negative net production
include reclassification of one finished product to
another finished product, or reclassification of a finished
product to unfinished oils or blending components.
Refinery Gas: Still gas consumed as refinery fuel.
Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures
finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils,
natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.
Refuse Mine: A surface site where coal is recovered from
previously mined coal. It may also be known as a silt bank,
culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.
Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse
mine or the coal recaptured by that process. The resulting
product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials.
Renewable Diesel Fuel: See Biomass-Based Diesel Fuel
and Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other).
Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other): Diesel fuel and diesel
fuel blending components produced from renewable
sources that are coprocessed with petroleum feedstocks
and meet requirements of advanced biofuels. Note: This
category "other" pertains to the petroleum supply data
system. See Biomass-Based Diesel Fuel.
Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that
are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the fossil
fuels, of which there is a finite supply).
Renewable
sources of energy include conventional hydrolectric
power, biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind.
Renewable Fuels Except Fuel Ethanol: See BiomassBased Diesel Fuel, Renewable Diesel Fuel (Other), and
Renewable Fuels (Other).
Renewable Fuels (Other): Fuels and fuel blending
components, except biomass-based diesel fuel, renewable
diesel fuel (other), and fuel ethanol, produced from
renewable biomass. Note: This category "other" pertains
to the petroleum supply data system.
Repressuring: The injection of a pressurized fluid (such
as air, gas, or water) into oil and gas reservoir formations to
effect greater ultimate recovery.
222
Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of living quarters for private households. Common
uses of energy associated with this sector include space
heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a variety of other appliances.
The residential sector excludes institutional living quarters. See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Residual Fuel Oil: A general classification for the heavier
oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, that remain after
the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are
distilled away in refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM
Specifications D 396 and D 975 and Federal Specification
VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity,
is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military
Specification MIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2
(NATO Symbol F-770). It is used in steam-powered
vessels in government service and inshore power plants.
No. 6 fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for
the production of electric power, space heating, vessel
bunkering, and various industrial purposes.
Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual
asphaltic oil used as a dust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally produced in
six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.
Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs
a rotating tube attached to a bit for boring holes through
rock.
Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): A set of codes
developed by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
which categorizes industries into groups with similar
economic activities. Replaced by NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).
Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.
Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that
can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat or
electricity.
Special Naphthas: All finished products within the naphtha boiling range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners,
or solvents. These products are refined to a specified flash
point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexane and
cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specification
D1836 and D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or
marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, or that are
to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas
(SNG) feedstocks are excluded.
Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric
power plant. It includes energy consumed for plant lighting,
power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of whether the

energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.
Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use sectors, plus electricity retail sales and
electrical system energy losses.
Steam Coal: All nonmetallurgical coal.

Steam-Electric Power Plant: A plant in which the prime
mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine
is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.
Still Gas: Any form or mixture of gases produced in
refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other
processes. The principal constituents are methane and
ethane. May contain hydrogen and small/trace amounts
of other gases. Still gas is typically consumed as refinery
fuel or used as petrochemical feedstock. Still gas burned
for refinery fuel may differ in composition from marketed
still gas sold to other users. See Refinery Gas.
Stocks: See Coal Stocks, Crude Oil Stocks, or Petroleum
Stocks, Primary.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks
maintained by the federal Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range from
those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and used
primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It may
be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower
end of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively
strong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to
30 percent inherent moisture by weight. The heat content of
subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per
short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat
content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States
averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the as-received
basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral
matter).
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Synthetic natural gas,
propane-air, coke oven gas, still gas (refinery gas),
biomass gas, air injected for Btu stabilization, and manufactured gas commingled and distributed with natural gas.
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas) A manufactured product, chemically similar
in most respects to natural gas, resulting from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that may easily be substituted for or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.
Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data
between physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic
feet, or short tons) and thermal units of measure (such as
British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for converting data between different thermal units of measure. See
Btu Conversion Factor.
Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting
people and/or goods from one physical location to
another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles;
trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships,
barges, and other waterborne vehicles. Vehicles whose
primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction cranes
and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse tractors and
forklifts) are classified in the sector of their primary use. See
End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Underground Storage: The storage of natural gas in
underground reservoirs at a different location from which it
was produced.
Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except
those requiring only mechanical blending. Unfinished oils are
produced by partial refining of crude oil and include naphthas
and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and
residuum.
Unfractionated Streams: Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquids components, excluding those in plant
condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political
entity that consisted of 15 constituent republics: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to
exist as of December 31, 1991.
United States: The 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Note: The United States has varying degrees of jurisdiction
over a number of territories and other political entities
outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including
Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island, and
the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs may
include data from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals.
For these programs, data products will contain notes
explaining the extent of geographic coverage included under
the term "United States."
Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combined-heat-and-power system for use in any
industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal
energy made available for processes and applications other
than electrical generation.
U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
223
Vented Natural Gas: Natural gas released into the air on

the production site or at processing plants.
Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of
commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing
boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels
operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to
the U.S. Armed Forces.
Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.
Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of
previous coal processing operations. Waste coal is
usually composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine
waste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed combustors. For some uses, waste
coal may be partially cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible constituents. Examples of waste
coal include fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank
or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and
lignite waste.
Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one
ampere under a pressure of one volt. A watt is equal to
1/746 horsepower.
Watthour (Wh): The electrical energy unit of measure
equal to one watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an
electric circuit steadily for one hour.
224
Wax: A solid or semi-solid material consisting of a mixture

of hydrocarbons obtained or derived from petroleum fractions, or through a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in which
the straight-chained paraffin series predominates. This
includes all marketable wax, whether crude or refined, with a
congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 100 and 200
degrees Fahrenheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D
3235) of 50 weight percent.
Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at
the mouth of the well.
Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion
that can be converted to mechanical energy for driving
pumps, mills, and electric power generators.
Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products
derived from wood that are used as fuel, including round
wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust,
forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility
poles, black liquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite
liquor, and other wood-based solids and liquids.
Working Gas: The quantity of natural gas in the reservoir that is in addition to the cushion or base gas. It may
or may not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total
working capacity could be used more than once during
any season. Volumes of working gas are reported in
thousand cubic feet at standard temperature and
pressure.

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DOE/EI

Monthly Energy Review

Important Notes About the Data

Released: January 27, 2016

Monthly Energy Review

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Wade

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Gary Long

Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sundar Thapa

Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey

Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stan Kaplan

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maureen Klein

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Wong

10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stan Kaplan

11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith

12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States,

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Energy Consumption by Sector

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Section 10. Renewable Energy

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Section 12. Environment

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Energy Consumption by Sector

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Section 10. Renewable Energy

Section 12. Environment

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Content Changes in 2016

October 2015 Release

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Content Changes in 2015 (continued)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Energy Consumption by1.Sector

Primary Energy Overview

Overview, October 2015

Net Imports, JanuaryOctober

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

2015 January ................

2014 10-Month Total ...

2013 January ................

2014 January ................

Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review January 2016

Primary Energy Production