Investors Guide

Re-invest 2015
January 2015

Table of contents
Renewable Energy Scenario

RE potential and growth in India

Enabling framework for growth of Renewable Energy sector in India

Incentives available to Renewable Energy Projects in India

Investment Opportunities

Financing Renewable Energy in India

11

Land Availability for Renewable Energy Projects

12

Clearances required for setting RE projects

13

Power Sale Options

15

Manpower Availability

17

India as favorable Renewable Energy Destination

17

Annexure I- MNRE Schemes on Renewable Energy

18

Grid Connected Power

18

Off-Grid Power

19

MNRE RD&D support

20

Annexure II- State wise Feed-In Tariffs as per State Regulations

21

Annexure III: Renewable purchase obligation for all the States

23

Photo Gallery

27

Renewable Energy Scenario

Renewable energy is one of the cleanest sources of energy options with almost no pollution or carbon
emissions and has the potential to significantly reduce reliance on coal and other fossil fuels. By expanding
renewable energy, world can improve air quality, reduce global warming emissions, create new industries
and jobs, and move world towards a cleaner, safer, and affordable energy future.
The quest for energy independence, economic growth, and environmental sustainability increasingly
suggests the importance of renewable energy sources across the globe. Renewables are seen not only as
sources of energy, but also as tools to address many other pressing needs, including: improving energy
security and access; reducing the health and environmental impacts associated with fossil and nuclear
energy and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. In 2013, renewables accounted for 10 percent of the
worlds global energy consumption and around 19 percent of global electricity needs were satisfied by
renewable sources1.
Indias substantial and sustained growth has placed enormous demand on the countrys natural resources.
Today, India imports substantial quantities of gas, oil and coal in order to meet its growing energy
demand. The increasing dependence on imported fuels may create a serious threat to the future fuel
security of the country. In addition, the countrys 254 GW2 of power generation capacity based mainly on
conventional sources has further strained the natural resources. Around 60%2 of Indias current power
generation capacity is based on coal which is expected to remain the dominant power source in the future.
However, the coal sector is facing many challenges and India is increasingly relying on coal & oil imports
to meet its requirements of energy, thereby exhibiting a lot of pressure on Indian economy from these high
import factors.

RE potential and growth in India

India meets close to 65% of its electricity needs from fossil fuels and is expected to continue doing so in
the foreseeable future. This poses questions on cost of electricity supply in future, environmental impacts
and energy security. At this juncture, Renewable Energy (RE) is being seen as one of the important means
to meet the growing power needs of the economy while enhancing energy security through diversification
of fuel sources and providing opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
India has vast renewable energy potential through wind, solar, biomass, small hydro etc. The potential is
concentrated in certain parts of India. The wind and solar potential is mainly in the southern and western
States viz. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan, however the
exercise on mapping of potential is continuing in several other areas in the country.
Technology

Potential (MW)

Wind

102,800(80m hub height)

Small Hydro (up to 25MW)

19,700

Biomass including bagasse cogeneration (including waste to energy)

22,500

Solar

50MWp/km2

Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE)

Indias Renewable Energy Potential

1

REN 21 Global Status Report 2014:

http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR/2014/GSR2014_full%20report_low%20res.pdf
2 CEA Executive Power Summary September2014: http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executive_rep/sep14.pdf

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The renewable power generation portfolio

stands at 33.79 GW out of the total 254 GW in
the country, as of December 2014. India is
already the worlds fifth largest producer of
wind power. Other renewable energy sources
like solar, small hydro, biomass power and
bio-fuels are also being increasingly tapped.

9%
13%
Wind Power
Small Hydro

12%
Biomass
As per the present estimates, India has an
66%
estimated renewable energy potential of about
895 GW from commercially exploitable
Solar
sources with 750 GW solar power potential
assuming only 3% wasteland is made
Wind
SHP
Biomass3 Solar
Total
available.
22,465.03 3990.83 4273.13
3062.82 33791.
MW
MW
MW
74 MW
Further, there exists significant potential MW
from decentralized distributed applications for Installed Renewable Energy Capacity in India
meeting hot water requirement for residential,
commercial and industrial sector through solar energy and also meeting cooking energy needs in the rural
areas through biogas. Renewable energy has great capacity to usher in universal energy access. In a
decentralized or standalone way renewable energy is quite appropriate, scalable and viable solution for
providing power to un-electrified or power deficient villages and hamlets. Around 1.1 million households
are using solar energy to meet their lighting energy needs and almost similar number of the households
meets cooking energy needs from biogas plants. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power systems are being used for
a variety of applications such as rural electrification, railway signalling, microwave repeaters, TV
transmission and reception and for providing power to border outposts. Over 10000 remote and
inaccessible villages and hamlets have been provided with basic electricity services through distributed
renewable power systems.

Historic Trends and Growth Enablers of RE

The Renewable Energy source based power generation capacity was 18 MW in 1990 with a slow rate of
growth till 2008, however, 2008 onwards the progress in the made in the sector has been considerable.
This can be attributed to numerous factors which have led to this impressive growth. The driving factors
for the renewable energy projects in India include demand/supply (low per capita consumption, large unelectrified areas; technology improvements and cost reduction in renewable technologies, entry of large
number of players), policy (targets set under the NAPCC, JNNSM, fiscal and other incentives) and other
issues (fuel challenges, and significant potential for renewable energy capacity addition) affecting
conventional power generation. Against this backdrop the renewable technologies are maturing in India
and their growth in India in the last decade has been commendable.The Indian growth story can be seen
from the fact in the period from FY07 onwards the capacity addition from Renewable Energy based
sources in India has seen a CAGR of 18.41%.

Biomass shown includes Bagasse cogeneration and Waste to Power generation capacity

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RE Policy Enabler and Growth Timelines

Enabling framework for growth of Renewable Energy

sector in India
Existing policy and regulatory support

Electricity Act 2003: Launched in June 2003, this is the most important piece of legislation for the
sector and nullifies all earlier enactments that governed the electricity businesses. EA 2003 provides
for policy formulation by the Government of India and mandates State Electricity Regulatory
Commissions (SERCs) to take steps to promote renewable and non-conventional sources of energy
within their area of jurisdiction. It calls to promote cogeneration and generation of electricity from
renewable sources of energy by providing suitable measures for connectivity with grid and sale of
electricity to any person, and also specify, for purchase of electricity from such sources, a percentage
of total consumption of electricity in the area of distribution licensee. Further, EA 2003 has explicitly
stated the formulation of National Electricity Policy (NEP), National Tariff Policy and plan thereof for
development of power systems to ensure optimal utilization of all resources including renewable
sources of energy.

National Electricity Policy 2005: Aims to exploit feasible potential of renewable energy
resources, reduce capital costs, promote competition and private sector participation. The percentage
for purchase of power from non-conventional sources should be made applicable for the tariffs to be
determined by the SERCs. Progressively the share of electricity from non-conventional sources would
need to be increased as prescribed by SERCs. Such purchase by distribution companies shall be
through competitive bidding process. It essentially reemphasised the need of harnessing RE
generation.

National Tarriff Policy 2006: Formulates that a minimum percentage of RE procurement should
be made applicable. Also, a preferential tariff should be determined by SERCs to enable RETs to
compete and procurement of RE should be through competitive bidding.

NAPCC 2008: The National Action Plan of Climate Change by the Government of India identifies 8
core national missions running through 2017, envisaging several measures to address global warming.
One of the missions states that a dynamic minimum renewable purchase standard (DMRPS) be set,
with escalation each year till a pre-defined level is reached. It set targets of 5% RE purchase for FY

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2009-10, with an increase of 1% in target each year to reach 15% renewable energy penetration by
2020. SERCs may however set higher percentages than this minimum at each point in time.

Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO): SERCs set targets for distribution companies to
purchase certain percentage of their total power requirement from renewable energy sources known
as RPO. The states have already specified their RPOs ranging from 2% to 14% of their total energy
demand to be met by renewable energy. In order to address the mismatch between availability of RE
sources and the requirement of the obligated entities to meet their RPO across States, the REC
mechanism was introduced in 2010 to enable and recognize interstate RE transactions. The REC
mechanism facilitates emergence of large number of cross-border RE transactions based on non-firm
RE sources, while at the same time, enhancing the volume of cross-border RE transactions based on
firm RE sources as well. RECs serve as a motive for high RE potential states to further develop their
RE potential and for lesser potential states to develop maximum RE as they can.

Other planned initiatives

Solar park scheme: Solar parks are concentrated zones of development for solar power generation
projects, demarcating an area that is well characterized, properly infra-structure and where the
project risks are minimized & clearances are facilitated. As per the National Schemeon Draft Solar
parks, MNRE will setup 25 solar parks of capacity sizes between 500 MW to 1000 MW. It will provide
support of INR 20,00,000/MW to the park development agencies.

National offshore wind policy: Preliminary assessments suggest intersting prospects of

development of offshore wind energy in India. The MNRE in order to tap this potential is currently
working on a policy for deployment of offshore wind energy projects in the Exclusive Economic Zone
(EEZ) of the country. The policy proposes to address issues such as resource assessment & surveys,
seabed allocation & lease arrangement, facilitation in clearances and approvals and evacuation of
power generated from offshore wind power projects. As a first step towards development of offshore
wind sector in India a MoU was signed on 1st October 2014 for setting up of a Joint Venture Company
(JVC) towards undertaking the First Demonstration Offshore Wind Power Project in the country. The
MoU was signed by MNRE, National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE), and consortium of partners
consisting of National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd
(PGCIL), Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA), Power Finance Corporation
(PFC), Power Trading Corporation (PTC), and Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd (GPCL).

Transmission infrastructure: This involves development of a network specifically for wheeling of

RE power. The proposed evacuation infrastructure will be capable of evacuating power from proposed
capacity additions such as UMPPs in Leh. It proposes a high capacity transmission system (Green
energy corridor) that will evacuate renewable power from RE rich states to load centres and make
make pockets of RE generation grid interactive. It will be integrated with the existing grid and foster
reliable forecasting of RE based generation and reduce evacuation losses.

Green energy transmission corridor: In 2012, Powergrid has planned high capacity
transmission systems (green energy corridors) for evacuation of renewable power from RE rich states
to load centres with an aggregate capital outlay of around INR 425 billion (EUR 5 billion). With the
implementation of the Green corridor, the pockets of the RE generation would get grid interactive and
thereby the restrictions on RE evacuation, losses (as RE would be connected at EHV than HV level)
would reduce.

RE resource assessment databases: To locate potential RE rich sites in the country through field
measurements, India has developed data bases for renewable energy resource assessment. This has
been done in a bid to promote development of utilization of RE in the country. The National Institute
of wind energy(NIWE) has developed the wind atlas of India. NIWE also collects data from Solar
Radiation Resource Assessment (SRRA) stations to assess and quantify solar radiation availability,
quality of data assessment, processing, modeling and to make solar atlas of the country.

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Incentives available to Renewable Energy Projects in

India
Government of India provides a mix of tax and non-tax benefits to promote these technologies, so as to
create an enabling investment climate where these projects are taken up by market forces. The different
incentives offered by central and state governments can be broadly illustrated as under:

Tax Incentives

Details

Income tax Holiday

100% for 10 consecutive years - MAT @ 20% to apply

Accelerated
depreciation

Accelerated depreciation @ 80% on solar & wind assets

Additional depreciation @ 20% on new plant/machinery in the 1st year

Deemed export
benefits

Available to specified goods manufactured and not actually exported

Advance authorization from Directorate General of Foreign Trade
Deemed export drawbacks
Exemption/return of Terminal Excise Duty

Service tax based on

negative list

Certain services are exempted from service tax

Services of transmission or distribution of electricity by an electricity
utility

Customs and Excise

Laws

Various duty concessions and exemptions to RE Sector

Reduced VAT

Certain States allow reduced VAT rates (5%) on RE projects

Additional one-time
allowance

Available @15% in Budget 2014 on new plant and machinery

Tax-free Grants

Grants received from the holding company engaged in generation, distribution

or transmission of power

Non-Tax Incentives

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Details

Feed-in-tariffs

When renewable generators sell to state utilities under the MoU route
Rates decided by the CERC and the SERC

Rebates

Available on the manufacturing of solar and wind components

Targeted at specific types of renewable energy technology
Include subsidies and rebates on capital expenditures

Favorable land
policies

By various state governments for renewable development

Reduce capital costs and favors ease of land allocation

Government R&D
programs

Improve renewable energy technologies

Lead to growing performance, importance and reducing costs
Incentives offered

Investment Opportunities
The renewable energy sector in India is full of opportunities and merits careful consideration by market
participants. The Indian renewable energy market is highly attractive as it has the potential to reduce
Indias rising demand supply gap, hence becoming a key cog in the wheel for Indias energy security
strategy. The government in India has placed and encouraging policy & regulatory framework with a
combination of feed-in tariffs, renewable procurement obligations, and Renewable Energy Certificates.
The most dominant asset classes, wind and solar, have attracted considerable supplier interest and hence
equipment and EPC is available at increasing competitive rates thus boosting margins. The Jawahar Lal
Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) and several state-level solar policies are helping develop solar
energy market. Recent budgetary allocation for generation based incentives and reintroduction for
accelerated depreciation for wind power will spur investments in wind energy. The size of the renewable
energy market will see further growth as the application of Renewable Purchase Obligation expands to
cover open access and captive consumers.

Stipulated Renewable Energy targets to attract investment in

RE space
Existing targets

JNNSM: The JNNSM was launched in January 2010 by the Government of India under the National
Action Plan of Climate Change (NAPCC). It is envisaged that as a result of rapid scale up as well as
technological developments, the price of solar power will attain parity with grid power by the end of
the Mission period, enabling accelerated and large-scale expansion thereafter. The mission includes a
major initiative for promoting solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. It had three phases out of which
the first phase finished in 2013, and subsequent phases are under way which target a capacity
addition of 20,000 MW in India via grid connected solar power plants. Apart from grid connected
targets, JNNSM also set up targets for off grid applications and Solar Thermal in India.

Application Segment

Grid solar power

(large plants, roof top &
distribution grid plants)

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Target for
Phase I (201013)

Cumulative
Target for
Phase 2 (201317)

Cumulative
Target for
Phase 3
(2017-22)

1,100 MW

10,000 MW
(3000 MW with
Central Support,
6000 MW under
State Initiatives)

20,000 MW

Off-grid solar applications

200 MW

1,000 MW

2,000 MW

Solar Thermal Collectors

(SWHs, solar cooking/ cooling,
industrial process heat
applications etc.)

7 million
sq. meters

15 million
sq. meters

20** million sq
meters

JNNSM Targets

MNRE strategic plan till 2017: This aims that renewable energy source based generation will
make up a significant part of Indias installed power capacity (targets 82 GW of installed capacity via
renewable energy sources by 2020). MNRE has also been continuously revising targets corresponding
to the market factors such as reducing prices of renewable source based generation including solar
and the MNRE is committed to achieve these targets much in advance of the set time limits.

State targets: Apart from the national renewable energy targets, individual states have their own
specific renewable energy policy targets as per their feasibility and potential. Wind and solar
dominate the following table lists select states with solar policies and their planned solar targets:
State
Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu

Solar targets
Andhra Pradesh Solar Policy 2012- Target of 1000
MW by 2017
GEDA Planned Capacity; targets:
FY15-200 MW, FY16-100 MW, FY17-100 MW
KREDL Solar Policy 2014; targets: FY15-350 MW,
FY16-150 MW, FY17-150 MW, FY18-150 MW,
FY19-200 MW, FY20-200 MW, FY21-200 MW
Targets from MEDA Plan: FY15-125 MW, FY16-75
MW, FY17-75 MW
Targets in policy are to match RPO
Targets from RREC Solar Policy 2011: 400 MW
from 2013-17
Solar Policy 2012: Total solar target of 3000 MW
by 2015, with 200 MW of utility scale solar in FY 15
Select States Solar Policy Targets

Target MW
for FY 15
1000
400
1400
275
1036
400
200

The following table lists down select states with wind power policies and their planned wind
power targets:
State
Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Telangana

Total MW for FY15

600
700
400
800
500
400
400
200
Select States Wind Power Targets

Expansion of targets
In order to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy in India, the Government is currently planning
to scale up the existing targets for all renewable energy technologies. Further, Government is also

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planning to achieve the new targets at a much faster rate and earlier than the timelines set under the
existing targets.

Solar Scale up Vision4: Loking beyond JNNSM, the Government plans to scale up solar to a
cumulative 100GW by 2022. This would include large scale deployment of rooftop projects under
both net metering and feed in metering to achieve 40GW of capacity till 2022; increased pace of grid
connected projects so as to achieve 40GW by 2022, for this Solar parks have been set up in Charanka
(Gujarat, 500 MW) and Bhadla (Rajasthan, 1500 MW) and others have been planned in over 15
states; thirdly through laying thrust on large scale projects (100 MW min.) to generate the remaining
20GW capacity.

National Wind Energy Mission: In order to exploit the available wind potential in the country
expeditiously, there is a need to address the issues and barriers in a focused manner. The Government
therefore proposes to launch the National Wind Energy Mission which aims to achieve 60,000 MW5
of utility scale wind installations in the country by the end of 13th five year plan (end of 2022)6.
Wind power category
Utility scale on-shore wind
58,000 MW
Off-shore wind
1,500 MW
Distributed power
500 MW
National Wind Energy Mission Targets

Bio-Energy: The biomass atlas estimates surplus biomass availability at about 150 million metric
tonnes per annum with a potential of over 18000 MW power generation capacity. Besides this, over
60 million tonnes per annum of municipal solid wastes with a potential of over 2300 MW and bagasse
from sugar mills with a potential of over 5000 MW respectively are also available. Thus, the potential
for installation of bioenergy projects including energy from biomass, municipal solid wastes and
sugarcane bagasse is are estimated to be over 25000 MW. While a target of about 2700 MW by 2017
is envisaged, this sector could get enlarged with availability of increased investments in this sector.
Besides, a thrust is also being given to the production of gaseous and liquid fuels from biomass and
wastes / residues.

Manufacturing outlook
Apart from investment in generating assets, investment in manufacturing in the renewable energy sector
will also grow to support the targets and plans of the government. With the new government supporting
manufacturing in India through its Make in India initiative, we can envisage incentives and policies
conducive to support manufacturing of renewable energy equipment in India in the long run.

Solar Power: With JNNSM targets of 20 GW by FY 22 and proposals to increase this target to
100GW provides a huge investment potential for solar manufacturing in India. For solar PV, currently
as of August 2014, the cumulative installed capacity of Indian solar PV manufacturers is about 1,200
MW of cells and 2,500 MW of modules7. Most power producers are importing cells/ modules due to
various factors including cost. Higher investment and R&D in solar manufacturing will help India in
competing with imported solar modules on both cost and technology in the long run. Solar
manufacturing in India is in a nascent stage and requires a nurturing environment if it is to compete
with international players in this rapidly evolving sector.

Wind Power: The global wind generation capacity is expected to increase to 1,149 GW by 2020 and
2,500 GW by 20308, Indias proposed National Wind Energy Mission also targets 60 GW generation

Discussions with MNRE

This includes existing installed capacity
6 http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/national-level-consultation-on-national-wind-energy-mission09012014.htm
7 MNRE: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/tentative_cells_&_modules.pdf
8 GWEO Advanced scenario estimates
5

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capacity in India by 2022. Indias wind manufacturing capacity has an annual capacity of 10 GW9,
cater to the global market owing to lower manufacturing costs. Considering this immense potential in
both domestic and global demand, the manufacturing sector is set to achieve new heights. Further
government initiatives in promoting offshore wind energy and improving technology in the wind
generation avenue have strengthened Indias manufacturing sector and will continue to do so. As a
result, leading manufacturers like Suzlon, Vestas, Enercon, GE and Siemens have already set up
operations in India, and are further increasingly announcing new investments10.

Bio-energy and WtE: Equipment manufacturing in these renewable energy technologies is

dominated by small to mid-sized companies. WtE sector particularly is at an early stage of
development in India and has potential due to increased urbanization and waste management issues.
Bio-energy also has a huge untapped potential that provides a positive outlook for manufacturing
ramp-up in India. This sector will provide immense opportunities to project developers for captive
projects for production of gaseous and liquid fuels besides power generation and co-generation.

Small Hydro Power: India has only around 25 equipment manufacturers listed as per the MNRE
website, who fabricate almost the entire range of small hydro power equipment. As of now, India has
an estimated potential of about 20,000 MW, about 80% of which is untapped. Further, up gradation
of water mills and micro hydel projects is also being undertaken throughout the sector. Both these
factors depict promising potential for an increase in domestic manufacturing.

Financing Renewable Energy in India

Immense potential for Renewable Energy source based electricity generation coupled with policies and
plans for harnessing it has opened up vast opportunities for this sector in India. India witnessed globally
the third highest investments in solar water heating capacity and the fourth highest investments in CSP
and wind power in 201311. Also, India saw record small-scale project investment of USD 0.4 billion12.
FDI in the renewable energy sector

100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in renewable energy is permitted.

FDI inflows in renewable energy industry from April 2000 February 2013 were about USD 2.5
billion13

During 2006-09, Indias annual total

Financing Cost for RE projects in India
renewable energy investment remained
between USD 4 billion and USD 5 billion. Entity
Rate
of
Interest
Investment has risen rapidly since then,
>12%
from USD 4.2 billion in 2009 to USD 12.3 Scheduled Commercial banks
~ (10-12%)
billion in 2011-12 14 .
Higher rate of US Exim Banks
~ (11.5-13%)
investments in these years corresponds to NBFCs
incentivization schemes by Government of Multilaterals & Bilateral (ADB, IFC >11%
India such as GBI and accelerated etc.)
depreciation in wind sector. While wind continues to Financing Cost for RE projects in India
receive the majority of investment, solar has seen the
highest growth, and the gap between the two is falling rapidly.
9

http://www.electricalmonitor.com/ArticleDetails.aspx?aid=1935&sid=2
GE announces earlier in 2014 plans to invest USD 200 million in a manufacturing unit in Pune
11 Global Trends in RE investment 2014 by Bloomberg
12 Ren21 Renewables Global Status Report(GSR) 2014:
http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR/2014/GSR2014_full%20report_low%20res.pdf
13 Facts on FDI by DIPP: http://dipp.nic.in/English/Publications/FDI_Statistics/2013/india_FDI_February2013.pdf
14 CPI report on Meeting Indias Renewable Energy Targets: The Financing Challenge:
http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Meeting-Indias-Renewable-Targets-The-FinancingChallenge.pdf
10

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In view of recent development in solar technology, government of India plans to hasten the growth and
looking at steep fall in the solar prices there could be possible addition of 1 lakh MW solar capacity in next
5 years and also in other renewables. If it is so, investment requirement for solar itself will be nearly 100
billion USD in next 5 years.
To meet the financing requirement, more and more foreign investors are being attracted owing to potent
natural resources, large-scale investment opportunities, and attractive Government incentives. Wind and
solar sectors are expected to garner massive overseas investments in the coming years. All efforts are being
made to attract FDI from investors and autonomous power producers internationally.
A variety of investors finance renewable energy projects in India, including institutions, banks, and
registered companies. Institutional investors are either state-owned or bilateral and multilateral
institutions. Among banks, both private sector and public sector banks are involved. In addition to
registered companies, venture capital and private equity investors contribute equity investment.
Development Banks-IREDA, continue to represent a key source of funds for RE investments, particularly
in project finance, over the medium term.

Potential Sources of Financing

Land Availability for Renewable Energy Projects

Land is a vital component of the total capital expenditure of renewable projects. In order to develop
renewable installations particularly, wind and solar projects, land requirements are quite significant.
Various state governments in India have announced favorable land policies that have been instrumental in
reducing the capital cost for the renewable projects. For instance, Rajasthan under its Solar Policy has
announced availability of land to the developers at low cost. Madhya Pradesh has announced investor
friendly government land allocation measures which have resulted in the increase of solar installations.
Renewable power projects are established on private, revenue or forest land. Different states have
different policies for land purchase/allotment. Further these policies and the clearances required differ
depending on the type of land.

Private land

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12

Most of the acquisition of private land for renewable energy projects occurs through mediations directly
with the land owners.
1.

Certain states allow purchase of land without any conditions. Tamil Nadu has the most investor
friendly policy, wherein agricultural land can be directly purchased for the setting up renewable
energy projects. In Rajasthan also as per their recently announced solar policy, land owners are
permitted to set up solar power projects on their land, or sub-let his land for establishment of such
projects without any land conversion requirements.

2.

Other states require that private/agricultural land be converted to non-agriculture land for industries
to purchase this land. States have a set procedure for this conversion. In Karnataka this requires an
amendment in the Karnataka Land Reforms Act Sections 79 A and 79 B. In Maharashtra, before
purchasing private land, Dept of Industries and Commerce (DIC) permission has to be obtained for
which the survey/gut numbers of the locations have to be submitted. These procedures take up
additional time in the gestation periods of the projects.

Revenue land
1.

Certain states such as Gujarat and Rajasthan have developer friendly procedures in acquiring revenue
land. Revenue land files in Gujarat are cleared at DC level, whereas in Rajasthan, government land is
allotted by the District Collector, on recommendations of RRECL (Rajasthan Renewable Energy
Corporation Limited), at a concessional rate.

2.

Certain other States require clearances by higher authorities to acquire revenue land, which involves
additional time.

3.

Other states such as Maharashtra do not have any clear cut policies for execution of renewable energy
projects on revenue land.

Forest land
Indias Land acquisition Act, 1894 (as amended in 1985) allows forest land for developmental purposes.
However, this land can be acquired only on lease basis and is subject to clearances from the forest
department. Further, Indias Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy, 2007 ensures that minimum
displacement occurs in large scale projects. Of all the project options, the one with least displacement is
selected and adequate resettlement package is decided to compensate the displaced communities.
Forest areas are identified using forest atlas and GIS maps and alternatives have to be considered to
minimize forest land use during this process. Allocation of this on lease for RE projects happens through a
detailed two stage process by the MoEF (Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change).
Stage-I: The Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) assesses the Net Present Value (NPV) of the current forested
area to make recommendations for forest land diversion and determine areas for compensatory
afforestation.
Stage-II: MoEF or its regional office reviews the document and gives a go ahead for the project.
Further as per MoEF rules, the developer has to identify land contiguous to forest land for afforestation
and undertake compensatory afforestation.

Clearances required for setting RE projects

Indias regulatory system and implementing agencies ensure that environmental quality and social
concerns are not compromised and any arising concerns are addressed while implementing renewable
energy projects. In order to be compliant with these, projects have to get appropriate clearances.

Environmental clearances:

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During project initiation, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006 (as amended in
2009) needs to be considered to assess if Environmental Clearance (EC) is required or not. EIA
notification categorizes various projects under A, B or B1 categories based on the capacity of the project
and subscribes different processes for EC.
Category A projects are screened, scoped and appraised at the central level by MoEFs Expert Appraisal
Committee (EAC) and Category B projects are evaluated by State Environmental Impact Assessment
Authority (SEIAA). Specific to the energy sector, environmental regulations for governing projects vary
depending on the electricity generation capacities of the plants. Some of the major clearances required for
RE plants include:

All hydroelectric power projects have to get environmental clearance. These clearances fall under
two categories; category A if the projects are of capacity >=50 MW; category B if capacity of
projects is between 50 to 25 MW.

Biomass or non-hazardous solid waste based projects, with capacity more than 15MW, require
environmental clearance.

The following RE projects are exempt from EIA:

Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) projects up to a plant size of 50 hectares.

Small Hydro Projects (SHPs) up to a capacity of 25 MW. However, project proponents have to
approach State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) for clearance under Air and Water Act.

Wind projects

Consent Process

State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) grant Consent to Establish (CTE) and Consent to
Operate (CTO) to projects, including solar and wind projects.

CTE is issued to projects after evaluating the potential environmental impacts and the design of
pollution control installations and upon verification of compliance with these conditions. A CTO is
issued with emission and effluent limits based on industrial sector-specific standards.

Some states like Gujarat issue consolidated consents for air and water pollution and hazardous
waste based on Common Consent Applications (CCA). Others states like Chhattisgarh, issue water
and air consents as well as waste management authorizations separately.

Coastal Regulation Zone Clearance

Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) clearance regulates development in areas located along the Indian coast.
Coastal areas are considered sensitive zones and classified by the MoEF as Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)
I, II, III and IV for regulating development activities in the coastal stretches within 500 meter of High Tide
Line (HTL). Various activities are allowed in the different zones and rapid EIA is used as a tool for CRZ
clearance. Project proponent has to ensure that CRZ clearance has been obtained and the project is not
located in environmentally sensitive zones as notified under the CRZ classification.

Forest Clearance

RE projects are being set up on forested land have to obtain a two-stage approval by the MoEF. This twostage process involves approval by the Divisional Forest Officer and subsequently by the MoEF or its
regional office. Also, as per the MoEF Rules, the developers have to identify land contiguous to forest land
for afforestation. This compensatory afforestation activity is also permitted in private land.

Environmental Assessment for externally funded projects

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RE projects that are funded by bilateral and multilateral agencies have to meet additional environmental
and social performance standards prescribed by the respective funding agency

International Acts and Treaties

RE projects should not violate any regional/ multilateral treaty India is signatory to.
Project proponents and regulators have to ensure that environmental conservation and biodiversity
preservation is not compromised due to project activities. These treaties include UNs Convention on
Biodiversity, Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species and Convention on Conservation
of Migratory Species.

Social Governance Clearances

Projects have to comply with acts addressing social concerns such as Panchayat Act, 73rd Constitutional
Amendment, Tribal Rights Act and Forest Act, Indias Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy 2007,
Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and others. Further, these should be compliant with local laws and get
approvals from the local bodies/institutions. Two major clearances in this regard are:

o Local Governments


Projects are subject to local laws and have to get approvals from local bodies.

As per the 73rd constitutional amendment, rural local bodies or Pancahyati Raj Institutions
(PRIs) decide on clearing developmental projects by providing them legal status.

Under the Panchayat Act, the PRIs or Gram Sabha at the village level has to be consulted by
the project proponent before establishing a project in areas falling under its jurisdiction. This
gives villagers/ locals the right to raise their project development linked concerns.

o Land Acquisition


RE projects are established on private, revenue or forest land, for which different states have
different policies for land purchase/allotment. These have been discussed in the land
facilitation section, and involve clearances such as changing land use status non-agricultural
land, etc.

Apart from these major clearances, there are other clearances such as obtaining a No Objection Certificate
(NOC) from the energy department, a NOC from the district collector etc.

Power Sale Options

The renewable energy sector has witnessed evolution of several market models pursuant to the timely
Policy and Regulatory framework formulated at the central and State Level. A relook on the past scenario
shows that, while wheeling renewable power, particularly wind power for third party use or captive use
was a popular market model in the initial years, the provisions of National Electricity Policy and National
Tariff Policy on preferential Tariff and preferential treatment of Nonconventional sources of energy has
led to a feed-in-tariff regime which marked significant RE capacity addition in the Country in the later
years. Moving forward, the current policy and Regulatory framework offers the promising market model of
REC based off-take models which provides a pan-nation market for renewable energy.

Sale to third party under Open Access Regime

The model involves sale of energy to an Open Access consumer of the same DISCOM area within which
the generator is located or to a different DISCOM within the State, using the network of the Discoms or

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Transmission Companies in order to wheel the power from the point of injection to point of usage. Such a
market model of third party sale is largely made feasible with the introduction of the provisions for Open
Access transactions specified in the Electricity Act 2003 and through the subsequent Regulations framed
by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission. The Electricity Act 2003 defines Open Access vide Section
2(47), reproduced as under.

Open access means the non-discriminatory provision for the use of transmission lines or distribution
system or associated facilities with such lines or system by any licensee or consumer or a person
engaged in generation in accordance with the regulations specified by the Appropriate Commission;
Open Access allows a bulk consumer, according to the framework developed by the appropriate
Commission, to contract directly with the generation company or with any other source of supply (other
than the incumbent distribution licensee in whose area the consumer is situated). The open access
framework also offers such freedom to generating company to supply power to such consumers who are
eligible to avail open access.

Sale through Group Captive under Open Access Regime

This model is very similar to that of the third party sale model discussed in detail in the above section.
However, in this model the consumers need to have a minimum level of stake holding in the renewable
power plant set up. Hence, in case a developer wants to set up power projects and sell power through a
Group Captive route, then the shareholding/capital structure of the power plant should be such that the
power plant gets qualified as a Captive generation plant. In accordance with the Captive Power Policy
notified by the Government of India, for any power plant to qualify as a captive power plant, they need to
abide by two major conditions which are as follows:

Not less than twenty six percent of the ownership is held by the captive user(s), and

Not less than fifty one percent of the aggregate electricity generated in such plant determined on
an annual basis, is consumed for the captive use: Provided that in case of power plant set up by
registered cooperative society, the conditions mentioned under paragraphs at (i) and (ii) above
shall be satisfied collectively by the members of the cooperative society.

As regards the structure of this power sale option, the developer/captive users may wheel the
power generated to the point of consumption through a dedicated lines or through the network of
the transmission and/or the Distribution licensee after paying necessary transmission and
wheeling charges.

Sale to Distribution Licensee under Feed-in-Tariff Regime

The model essentially involves sale of power generated by a renewable power plant to the distribution
Utility at a rate approved by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission. Under this power off-take
Option, the Utility will have to enter into a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with the purchaser or the
Distribution utility. Such a model is a time tested and comparatively less complex one. However, the lesser
complexity of this power sale model comes at a price of the models dependency on the willingness of the
Utilities to procure RE power and the creditworthiness of the Utilities to pay for the power purchase.

Sale under the REC Mechanism

Under the REC mechanism, one REC will be issued to the RE generator for generating one MWh of
electrical energy fed into the grid. The RE generator may sell electricity to the distribution company at the
regulated price equivalent to average pooled cost of power purchase by Utility from all sources excluding
RE sources and its RECs to Obligated Entities at market price through exchange mechanism in a
transparent manner. The RE generator may sell the certificates only through power exchange to such
Obligated Entities who have to meet with their RPO target. The purchase of RECs will be deemed as a

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purchase of power generated from renewable sources and accordingly will be allowed for compliance with
the RPO target. The REC mechanism will enable obligated entities in a State to procure RECs generated
from any of the States in India and surrender the same to fulfil its RPO target.

Manpower Availability
The Renewable Energy sector in India employs sizeable manpower both in the organized as well as
unorganized sector, in manufacturing of equipment, their installation, operation, maintenance,
transmission and distribution of energy generated from renewable energy sources. The MNRE has been
supporting skill development activities in renewable energy by way of supporting various educational and
training organizations including NGOs/private organizations to conduct training courses in specific job
roles required by renewable energy industry. In addition, renewable energy as a subject has also been
incorporated in regular syllabus of the two year certificate course of Industrial Training Institutes of seven
trades (electronics, electricians, welder, fitter, turner, sheet metal work and machinist).
MNRE has in the past also been supporting Electronics Sector Skill Council and Power Sector Skill
Councils and is currently working on creating a separate Renewable Energy (Green Energy) Skill Council
in collaboration with Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
The MNREW intends to create an army of 50000 Urja Mitra by way of roping in educational and training
institutions in next five years. These Urja Mitra will act as independent entrepreneurs at local level for
promotion propagation and deployment including servicing and maintenance of the renewable energy
systems in their respective areas. Skill development is a focus area of the government and the Skilling
India mission plans to train 500 million people by 2022 that the government believes would provide a jobready workforce to several industries.

India as favorable Renewable Energy Destination

India is fast emerging as a country with a vibrant renewable energy ecosystem that is expanding rapidly.
Some of the major immediate plans are as follows:-

Scale up renewable energy deployment plans to reach a cumulative installed capacity of around 165
GW by 2020 that include 100 GW solar power capacity;

Establish National University for Renewable Energy. The University will focus on research in cutting
edge renewable energy technologies including on developing countries specific issues, skill
development, climate studies, and would produce the professionals to cater to increasing manpower
requirement;

Organize the first Renewable Energy Global Investors Meet & Expo (RE-INVEST) on 15-17 February
2015 in New Delhi, as a follow-up to the Make in India initiative launched by the Prime Minister of
India. The central theme of RE-INVEST is to attract large scale investments for the renewable energy
sector in India. It will be the first major platform for investment promotion in this sector at
Government of India level to signal Indias commitment to the development and scaling up of
renewable energy to meet its energy requirement in a sustainable manner. This will enable the global
investment community to connect with renewable energy stakeholders in India. The event is expected
be attended by over 300 investors and over 1000 delegates, both domestic and international. Besides,
representatives from State Government, Public Sector Enterprises, renewable power developers and
manufacturers, state renewable energy nodal agencies, and other related stakeholders will play
important roles.

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Annexure I- MNRE Schemes on Renewable Energy

Grid Connected Power
Wind Energy

Scheme for Promotion of Grid Interactive Power Generation Projects based on Renewable Energy
Technologies for wind power projects: Implemented during 2012-2017, the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy provides financial support for carrying out Wind Resource Assessment,
organization of seminars/symposiums/workshops/training programs, strengthening of technical
institutions, testing facilities, engaging consultants and undertaking studies on a case-by-case basis.
The total CFA under this scheme is INR 70 million for wind power and INR 85 million for C-WET.

Scheme for Generation Based Incentives (GBI) for Grid Interactive Wind Power
Projects: Implemented for the 12th Plan period, i.e. till 2017, Generation Based Incentives per unit of
electricity fed into the grid for a period of not less than four years and up to ten years with a cap of
INR 10 million/MW will be provided. The GBI will be implemented through the Indian Renewable
Energy Development Agency (IREDA). The total expected liability for this scheme is estimated at INR
163,640 million over the entire scheme duration spreading till 2027.

Biomass Power/Cogen

Promotion of Grid Interactive Biomass Power and Bagasse Cogeneration in Sugar

Mills: Implemented for the 12th Plan period, i.e. till 2017, Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for all
projects implemented post 1st April 2013 will be provided. The Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy
will
also
provide
financial
support
for
R&D
activities,
organizing
seminars/symposiums/workshops/training programs, strengthening of technical institutions, testing
facilities, engaging consultants and undertaking studies on a case-by-case basis. The total CFA under
this scheme is INR 300 million for biomass and bagasse projects.

Biomass Gasification

Programme on Biomass Gasifier for industries: CFA is provided in the form of Capital
Subsidy for Biomass Gasifiers used for Thermal, Electrical Applications and also for biomass gasifiers
with 100% producer gas engines in Institutions for captive use. CFA is provided to a maximum
capacity of 5 MW irrespective of the total installed capacity of the project.

Biomass Gasifier based Programmes: CFA is provided for Biomass Gasifier based Grid
Connected Power systems of up to 2 MW capacity. These should either be 100% supported by
producer gas engines or be biomass based grid connected Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG) projects. A
total subsidy of INR 60 million for will be provided for such projects.

Solar

Scheme for Development of Solar Parks and Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects in the
country commencing from 2014-15 to 2018 19: CFA of INR 2.5 million for parks for
preparation of DPR, conducting surveys, etc. Also, a CFA of up to INR 2 million/MW will be provided.
The total estimated CFA under this scheme is INR 40,500 million.

Scheme for Pilot-cum-Demonstration Projects for development of Grid Connected

Solar PV Plants on Canal Banks and Canal Tops: CFA is provided on a per MW basis to canal
top SPV projects and canal bank SPV projects. The total CFA disbursed will be upto INR 2.25 billion
over a period of two years.

Financial Support for grid connected to solar roof top projects: Objective of the scheme is
to promote the grid connected SPV rooftop and small SPV power plants in the residential,
community, institutional, industrial and commercial establishments. MNRE has set target of
achieving 300 MW through this scheme by 2017.

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Sanction of Funds for Research Design and Development of Solar Photovoltaic Technology. The total
fund allocation is INR 595 million.

Small Hydro Power

Small Hydro Power Programme (up to 25 MW Capacity): Central Financial Assistance

(CFA)/Financial Support is provided in the form of Grants/Assistance/Subsidy for the following
activities:

Resource Assessment and Support for Identification of new sites

Setting up new SHP projects in the private/co-operative/Joint sector etc.

Setting up new SHP projects in the Government sector

Renovation and Modernization of existing SHP projects in the Government sector

Development/Upgradation of water mills and setting up Micro Hydel Projects

Research and Development and Human Resource Development

Biogas

Biogas based Distributed / Grid Power Generation Programme: Subsidy for setting up
Biogas based Power Generation Systems and support for a variety of workshops, seminars, meetings,
training programs to the implementing agencies /Biogas Development & Training Centers (BDTCs)
among others. The total outlay for this scheme is INR 50 million.

Off-Grid Power
Aerogenerators/wind hybrid

Scheme on Small Wind Energy and Hybrid systems (SWES)

Biomass Gasification

Biomass Gasifier based Programmes: Central Financial Assistance (CFA) is provided for:

Biomass Gasifier based Distributed/Off-grid power programme for Rural Areas.

Biomass Gasifier based programmes in Rice Mills

Biogas

National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP)

Biogas Power (Off-grid) Programme

Small Hydro Power

Subsidy scheme for watermills and Micro Hydel Projects (up to 100 kW)

Solar

Capital Subsidy Scheme of Government of India for promoting Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Water
Pumping Systems for Irrigation purpose

Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Applications Programme

Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Cooker Programme

Capital subsidy scheme for installation of solar thermal systems

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Capital subsidy Scheme for providing basic lighting needs through solar charging stations with
Lanterns

Remote Village Electrification

Remote Village Electrification Programme: The Ministry is implementing a programme for

providing financial support for electrification of those remote unelectrified census villages and
unelectrified hamlets of electrified census villages where grid-extension is either not feasible or not
cost effective and are not covered under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana. Such villages
are provided basic facilities for electricity/lighting through various renewable energy sources.

Waste to Energy

Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural Wastes/Residues: The main
objectives of the programme are:

To promote setting up of projects for recovery of energy from urban, industrial and agricultural
wastes;

Create conducive conditions and environment, with fiscal and financial regime, to develop,
demonstrate and disseminate utilization of wastes and residues for recovery of energy.

MNRE RD&D support

The Ministry has been supporting Research, Design & Development (RD&D) in new and renewable energy
since 1982. MNRE has been under this scheme, supporting the RD&D projects based on prototype/pilot
plant development, demonstration, and commercialization. As part of the support scheme research can
also be supported in the areas of policy, resource assessment and regulatory issues. The scheme has in the
past supported RD&D projects carried out by industry. The scheme provides guidelines for project
identification, formulation appraisal, approval and financial support. The aim of the RD&D scheme is to
make the country a net foreign exchange earner in the New and Renewable Energy Sector.
A Research, Design & Development Project Appraisal Committee (RDPAC) under the chairmanship of
Secretary, MNRE provides guidance to the overall direction of RD&D effort in new and renewable energy.
This Committee also elicits RD&D proposals, appraises them, and recommends financial support
wherever required.
The focus areas under the Ministrys RD&D program are:

Alternate Fuels (hydrogen, bio & synthetic) to supplement and eventually substitute liquid
hydrocarbons

Green Initiative for Future Transport (GIFT) based on Alternate Fuels for land, air & sea applications
to supplement and eventually substitute fossil-fuel systems

Green Initiative for Power Generation (GIPS) based on Alternate Fuels for stationary & portable
power generation applications to supplement and eventually substitute fossil-fuel systems

Standalone new and renewable energy products to provide cost-effective energy for cooking, lighting
and motive power

Distributed new and renewable energy systems to provide cost-competitive energy supply options for
cooking, lighting and motive power

New and renewable energy products for urban, industrial and commercial applications, including
energy recovery from urban and industrial wastes and effluents

MW scale grid interactive renewable electricity systems to contribute towards supplement and
eventually substitute fossil-fuel based electricity generation

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Annexure II- State wise Feed-In Tariffs as per State Regulations

State-wise Feed-In-Tariffs
Bagasse
Cogeneration
FC = 1.71 1.11 FC = 1.82-1.12
(1st10th yr.)
(1st10th yr.)
VC = 3.09
VC = 2.04
FC = 2.90 FC = 2.47
VC = 4.08 VC = 3.06

Municipal Solid Waste

1.6 1.88
(1st 10th yr.)

FC = 3.54
VC = 3.02

>2 MW = 5.66
2-5 MW = 5.16
5-25MW = 4.4

Aircooled
= 5.27
Watercool
ed = 5.04

4.85

6.8

Aircooled
= 8.62
Watercool
ed = 8.52

4.2

5.68

5.36

3.32

4.15

2.55

3.40
<5 MW = 4.88
5-25MW=4.16

Wind

Andhra
Pradesh

4.7

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Wind density
>200 = 6.25
201-250 = 5.68
251-300 = 5.00
301-400 = 4.17
>400 = 3.91

FC = 3.57
VC = 2.16

Gujarat

Net Tariff = 4.15

AD benefit = 0.37

Karnataka

Wind density
201-250 = 5.81
251-300 = 5.06
301-400 = 4.31
>400 = 3.88
CUF 20% = 5.80
CUF 22% = 5.27
CUF 25% = 4.64
CUF 30% = 3.87
CUF 32% = 3.62
4.2

Kerala

4.77

Haryana

Jammu and
Kashmir

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Small Hydro

State

Biomass

21

Madhya
Pradesh

5.92

6.28

<5 MW = 6.39
5-25MW=6.25

4.15

Maharashtra

Wind density
201-250 = 5.70
251-300 = 5.01
301-400 = 4.18
>400 = 3.92

6.41

5.99

>500kW=5.44
.5-1 MW=4.94
1-5MW = 4.44
5-25MW=3.76

4.88

Orissa

4.48

4.09

4.12

Punjab

5.8

6.10

5.57

Rajasthan

Jodhpur,
Barmer = 5.12
Others = 5.38

Tamil Nadu

Uttarakhand

Uttar
Pradesh
West Bengal
FC Fixed Cost;

5.64

Jaisalmer,

3.51
Wind density
>200 = 5.00
201-250 = 4.45
251-300 = 3.80
301-400 = 3.05
>400 = 2.80
3.21; escalation of 5.72%
p.a.
Tariff cap of 5.71 for 10
years

Aircooled
= 5.67
Watercool
ed = 5.23
4.69

<5 MW = 3.31
5-25MW=3.09
<5 MW = 4.74
5-25MW=4.02

Suo-moto petition

Suo-moto petition

FC = 2.10
VC = 2.48;
escalation
of 5% p.a.

FC = 2.85
VC = 2.45; escalation of 5% p.a.

<5 MW = 3.92
515MW=3.72
15-25MW=3.44

5.26

4.96

5.41

3.3

4.40

Tariff cap of 5.1 till 2022

VC Variable Cost; CUF Capacity Utilisation Factor

Source:IREED

State-wise Feed-In-Tariffs

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Annexure III: Renewable purchase obligation for all the States

State

RE
Technology

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15 2015-16

2016-17

Andhra Pradesh

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

4.75%
0.25%
5.00%

4.75%
0.25%
5.00%

4.75%
0.25%
5.00%

4.75%
0.25%
5.00%

4.75%
0.25%
5.00%

4.75%
0.25%
5.00%

Arunachal Pradesh

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

4.10%
0.10%
4.20%

5.45%
0.15%
5.60%

6.80%
0.20%
7.00%

Assam

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

2.70%
0.10%
2.80%

4.05%
0.15%
4.20%

5.40%
0.20%
5.60%

6.75%
0.25%
7.00%

Bihar

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

2.25%
0.25%
2.50%

3.75%
0.25%
4.00%

4.00%
0.50%
4.50%

4.25%
0.75%
5.00%

1.00%

1.25%

Chhattisgarh

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

5.00%
0.25%
5.25%

5.25%
0.50%
5.75%

Delhi

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

1.90%
0.10%
2.00%

3.25%
0.15%
3.40%

4.60%
0.20%
4.80%

5.95%
0.25%
6.20%

7.30%
0.30%
7.60%

8.65%
0.35%
9.00%

JERC (Goa & UT)

Non-Solar
Solar

1.70%
0.30%

2.60%
0.40%

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201718

201819

201920

202021

2021-22

1.50%

1.75%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

23

Total

2.00%

3.00%

Gujarat

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

5.50%
0.50%
6.00%

6.00%
1.00%
7.00%

Haryana

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

1.50%
0.00%
1.50%

2.00%
0.05%
2.05%

3.00%
0.10%
3.10%

Himachal Pradesh

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

10.00%
0.01%
10.01%

10.00%
0.25%
10.25%

10.00%
0.25%
10.25%

10.00%
0.25%
10.25%

11.00%
0.25%
11.25%

12.00%
0.25%
12.25%

13.00%
0.50%
13.50%

14.00%
0.75%
14.75%

15.00%
1.00%
16%

15.50%
2.00%
17.50%

16.00%
3.00%
19.00%

and Non-Solar
Solar
Total

2.90%
0.10%
3.00%

4.75%
0.25%
5.00%

Jharkhand

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

2.50%
0.50%
3.00%

3.00%
1.00%
4.00%

Karnataka

Non-Solar
Solar
Total
(Discoms
only)
Non-Solar
Solar
Total

10% and 7%
0.25%
10.25%
&
7.25%
3.35%
0.25%
3.60%

3.65%
0.25%
3.90%

3.95%
0.25%
4.20%

4.25%
0.25%
4.50%

4.55%
0.25%
4.80%

4.85%
0.25%
5.10%

5.15%
0.25%
5.40%

5.45%
0.25%
5.70%

5.75%
0.25%
6.00%

6.05%
0.25%
6.30%

6.35%
0.25%
6.60%

Non-Solar
Solar

2.10%
0.40%

3.40%
0.60%

4.70%
0.80%

6.00%
1.00%

Jammu
Kashmir

Kerala

Madhya Pradesh

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Total

2.50%

4.00%

5.50%

7.00%

Maharashtra

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

6.75%
0.25%
7.00%

7.75%
0.25%
8.00%

8.50%
0.50%
9.00%

8.50%
0.50%
9.00%

8.50%
0.50%
9.00%

Manipur

Non-Solar

2.75%

4.75%

Solar
Total

0.25%
3.00%

0.25%
5.00%

Non-Solar

5.75%

6.75%

Solar
Total

0.25%
6.00%

0.25%
7.00%

Meghalaya

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

0.45%
0.30%
0.75%

0.60%
0.40%
1.00%

Nagaland

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

6.75%
0.25%
7.00%

7.75%
0.25%
8.00%

Orissa

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

4.90%
0.10%
5.00%

5.35%
0.15%
5.50%

5.80%
0.20%
6.00%

6.25%
0.25%
6.50%

6.70%
0.30%
7.00%

Punjab

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

2.37%
0.03%
2.40%

2.83%
0.07%
2.90%

3.37%
0.13%
3.50%

3.81%
0.19%
4.00%

Rajasthan

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

5.50%
0.50%
6.00%

6.35%
0.75%
7.10%

7.00%
1.00%
8.20%

&Mizoram

Sikkim

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Tamil Nadu

Non-Solar

8.95%

Solar

0.05%

Total

9.00%

Tripura

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

0.90% 1.90%
0.10% 0.10%
1.00% 2.00%

Uttarakhand

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

4.50% 5.00%
0.03% 0.05%
4.53% 5.05%

Uttar Pradesh

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

4.50%
0.50%
5.00%

West Bengal

Non-Solar
Solar
Total

5.00%
1.00%
6.00%

3.00% 4.00%

3.75%
0.25%
4.00%

4.70%
0.30%
5.00%

5.60%
0.40%
6.00%

6.50%
0.50%
7.00%

7.40%
0.60%
8.00%

State-wise RPO targets

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Photo Gallery

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Investors Guide - Re-invest 2015

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Investors Guide - Re-invest 2015

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Investors Guide - Re-invest 2015

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