Retaining Wall

concrete
reinforcement
=
=
22
1,302
x
x
2,500,000 =
25,000 =
Rp
reinforcement
59.52
54,687,500
32,547,380
63%
37%
87,234,880 ,- /m'
kg/m3-concrete
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
3.00
2.00
5.00
4.00
7.00
6.00
8.00
9.00
11.00
13.00
15.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.30
2.50
10.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.50
11.50
11.50
1.50
1.00
0.00
0.00
1
2
0.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
1
2
1.00
10.00
7.50
7.50
1
2
0.00
1.00
6.50
6.50
Location
: PERUM UNMUL
Dinding Penahan
q (t/m2)
b11
b12
b13
Top wall level

River bed level
Ground water level
River water level
Foundation level
=
=
=
=
=
79.00
69.50
75.00
74.00
67.50
m
m
m
m
m
Dimension
H =
11.50
B =
10.00
b11 =
b21 =
1.20
7.50
m
m
b12 =
b22 =
0.30
1.50
m
m
b13 =
b23 =
0.00
1.00
m
m
h1 =
h4 =
11.50
2.00
m
m
h31 =
hw1 =
1.00
7.50
m
m
h32 =
hw2 =
0.50
6.50
m
m
q =
c =
0.50
2.50
t/m2 Kh =
w =
t/m3
0.18
1.00
t/m3
0.00
6.84
0.00
(unit length)
1.00
m
H=h1
hw1
h32
hw2
h31
b21
b22
b23
Section of Retaining wall
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
h4
Backfill soil
soil =
1.80
t/m3
sat =
2.00
t/m3
=
30.0 o
c =
0.00
t/m2
Foundation soil
s' =
1.00
t/m3
B =
30.0 o
cB =
0.00
t/m2
Friction coefficient
=
0.50
Uplift coefficient
U =
1.00
Cover of bar
Wall
d back =
7
cm
d front =
7
cm
Footing
d upper =
7
cm
d lower =
7
cm
=
=
=
o
o
(for stability analysis)

(for structural analysis)
Safety factor
(normal) (seismic)
Overturning |e| < B/6=1.92 B/3=3.33
Sliding
fs >
2.00
1.25
Reaction of foundation soil
qmax > qa=qu/3 qae=qu/2
Allowable stress
Compressive ca =
60
90
kg/cm2
sa =
Tensile
1850
2775
kg/cm2
Shear
=
5.5
8.25
kg/cm2
a
Young's modulus ratio
24
16
STABILITY
S
: Dinding Penahan
Normal Condition
Seismic Condition
a) Stability against overturning
|e| = 0.67 m < B/6 = 1.67 m
|e| = 1.06 m < B/3 = 3.33 m
OK!
b) Stability against sliding

Fs =
2.04
>
2.00

OK!
Fs =
c) Reaction of foundation soil

q1 =
q2 =
26.88
16.64
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
t/m2
t/m2
OK!
< qa =
< qa =
1.27
>
1.25
OK!

48.67
48.67
t/m2
t/m2
OK!
OK!
q1 =
q2 =
29.91
12.74
t/m2
t/m2
< qae =
< qae =
73.00
73.00
t/m2
t/m2
OK!
OK!
Stressing of Reinforcement and Concrete

Name of Structure
Location
: Dinding Penahan
: PERUM UNMUL
Allowable compressive stress ( ca)
Allowable tensile stress ( sa)
Allowable shearing stress ( a)
Normal Condition
A
D
Item
b (cm)
h (cm)
d1 (cm)
d2 (cm)
d (cm)
M (ton m)
S (ton)
Section A-A
100.0
78.0
7.0
back
7.0
front
71.0
7
5
Bar (As1)
Bar (As2)
Stress c
Stress s
Stress
Section B-B
100.0
150.0
7.0
back
7.0
front
143.0
108
31
D 25 D 16 10
467
0.72
200
250
OK!
OK!
OK!
D 25 D 16 -
A
D
C
B
Item
b (cm)
h (cm)
d1 (cm)
d2 (cm)
d (cm)
M (ton m)
S (ton)
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Section A-A
100.0
78.0
7.0
7.0
71.0
10
8
100
125
36
1723
2.14
Allowable compressive stress ( ca)

Allowable tensile stress ( sa)
Allowable shearing stress ( a)
Seismic Condition
60
1850
5.5
24
kg/cm2
kg/cm2
kg/cm2
Section C-C
100.0
150.0
7.0
lower
7.0
upper
143.0
12
23
Section D-D
100.0
150.0
7.0
upper
7.0
lower
143.0
108
21
Bar size and spacing (mm)
=
=
=
=
D 25 D 25 -
OK!
OK!
OK!
=
=
=
=
90
2775
8.25
16
Section B-B
100.0
150.0
7.0
7.0
143.0
163
46
200
200
5
367
1.63
OK!
OK!
OK!
D 25 D 25 46
3342
1.49
200
200
OK!
NO!
OK!
kg/cm2
kg/cm2
kg/cm2
Section C-C
100.0
150.0
7.0
7.0
143.0
13
26
Section D-D
100.0
150.0
7.0
7.0
143.0
162
27
Bar size and spacing (mm)

Bar (As1)
Bar (As2)
Stress c
Stress s
Stress
D 25 - 200
D 16 - 250
16
OK!
659
OK!
1.06 OK!
D 25 - 100
D 16 - 125
63
OK!
2559 OK!
3.22 OK!
D 25 - 200
D 25 - 200
7
OK!
404
OK!
1.81 OK!
D 25 - 200
D 25 - 200
82
OK!
4953 NO!
1.91 OK!
Stability6/31
1. Design Data
1.1 Dimensions
q (t/m2)
10.00
1.00
m (unit length)
11.50
b11
1.20
b21
b12
0.30
b22
7.50
1.50
b13
0.00
b23
1.00
h1
11.50
h4
2.00
7.50
6.50
h31
1.00
hw1
h32
0.50
hw2
b11
b12
b13
H=h1
hw1
h32
1.2 Parameters
q
h31
=
=
0.50
0.00
t/m (for normal condition)

t/m2 (for seismic condition)
2.50
t/m3
1.00
t/m3
Backfill soil
soil
=
b21
b22
b23
Section of Retaining Wall

B
Foundation soil
s '
=
1.00
Safety factor
1.80
t/m
2.00
t/m3
cB
0.00
0.00
t/m2
30.00
30.00
0.50
(Friction coefficient)
(Uplift coefficient)
t/m
(=satw)
sat
Overturning
t/m2
normal
|e|<B/6=1.67m
seismic
|e|<B/3=3.33m
Sliding
normal
fs > 2.00
seismic
fs > 1.25
0.000
0.000
6.843
normal
0.000

(for stability analysis in normal condition, = )
20.00
(for structural analysis in normal condition, = 2/3 )
seismic
24.23
15.00
(for stability analysis in seismic condition, see Section 2.3)

(for structural analysis in seismic condition, = 1/2 )
hw2
h4
= 10.204
Reaction of foundation soil
( =Arc tan(Kh) )
Kh
qmax<qa
qa=qu/3
qmax<qae
qae=qu/2
0.18
2. Stability Calculation
2.1 Case 1 (Normal condition, with vertical live load)
1.20
q =
0.50
0.30
t/m2
0.00
qa1
Pa1
Pa2
10
11.50
10.00
qa2
7.50
11
Pw1
12
Pa4
qa4
qa3
1
qw1
0.50
Pa3
2.00
2
qu2
1.50
Pu2
1.00
Pu1
7.50
qu1
Acting Load in Case 1
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Pp1
O
qp1
6.50
1.00
Pw2
qw2
Stability7/31
(1) Vertical Load
No.
1
1.00
2
1.50
3
1.00
4
0.50
5
0.50
6
0.50
7
10.00
8
0.50
9
0.50
10
7.50
11
7.50
12
0.50
q
0.50
T o t a l(1 to q)
Pu1
7.50
Pu2
6.50
Total ( 1 to Pu2)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Description
7.50
x
2.50
1.50
x
2.50
1.00
x
2.50
0.50
x
7.50
0.50
x
1.00
10.00 x
1.20
0.30
x
2.50
10.00 x
0.00
10.00 x
1.20
4.00
x
1.80
6.00
x
2.00
7.50
x
0.50
8.70
x
x
10.00
10.00
x
x
0.50
0.50
x
x
x
2.50
2.50
2.50
x
x
2.50
1.80
2.00
x
x
-1.00
-1.00
W
18.750
5.625
2.500
4.688
0.625
15.000
7.500
0.000
10.800
54.000
90.000
3.750
4.350
217.588
-37.500
-32.500
147.588
X
6.250
1.750
0.500
5.000
0.333
2.100
1.150
1.000
2.100
6.250
6.250
7.500
5.650
6.667
3.333
(2) Horizontal Load

Coefficient of Active earth pressure
Cos2(-)
Ka =
Cos2 x Cos(+) x
1+
Sin(+) x Sin
Cos(+) x Cos
0.000
0.750
Sin(+)
0.500
1.000
Sin
0.500
1.000
Cos
1.000
20.000
0.000
Cos2(-)
Cos
Cos(+)
Ka =
0.333 for stability analysis
6.843
Cos2(-)
0.845
Sin(+)
0.766
Cos
0.986
Sin
0.500
Cos(+)
0.892
Cos
0.993
Ka' =
0.350 for structural analysis
Coefficient of Passive earth pressure

Cos2(+)
Kp =
Cos2 x Cos(-) x
=
Cos (+) =
Cos2
=
Cos(-) =
2
Kp =
0.000
0.750
1.000
1.000
1o
Sin(+) x Sin
Cos(-) x Cos
Sin(+)
Sin
Cos
=
=
=
=
0.000
0.500
0.500
1.000
0.167 ton/m
=
=
2.400 ton/m
2.567 ton/m
2.500 ton/m
7.500 ton/m
6.500 ton/m
6.000 ton/m
3.000
qa1 = Ka x q
qa2 = Ka x (h1- hw1) x soil
qa3 = qa1 + qa2
qa4 = Ka x hw1 x (sat - w)
qw 1 = hw1 x w
qw 2 = hw2 x w
qp1 = Kp x h4 x (sat - w)
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
WxX
117.19
9.84
1.25
23.44
0.21
31.50
8.63
0.00
22.68
337.50
562.50
28.13
24.58
1,167.45
-250.00
-108.33
809.11
Stability8/31
No.
Pa1
Pa2
Pa3
Pa4
Pw1
Pw2
Pp1
Total
0.167
2.400
2.567
2.500
7.500
-6.500
-6.000
Description
4.00
4.00
x
0.50
7.50
7.50
x
0.50
7.50
x
0.50
6.50
x
0.50
2.00
x
0.50
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
H
0.667
4.800
19.250
9.375
28.125
-21.125
-6.000
35.092
Y
9.500
8.833
3.750
2.500
2.500
2.167
0.667
HxY
6.33
42.40
72.19
23.44
70.31
-45.77
-4.00
164.90
(3) Stability Calculation

a) -1 Without Uplift
B = 10.00 m
WxX-HxY
X =
1,167.45 -
W
X
809.11
4.365
4.365
0.635
0.50
164.90
1.667
OK !
< B/6
1.667
OK !

b)-1 Without Uplift
H
Sliding force :
35.092 ton
HR = x W
Resistance :
(friction coefficient : =
HR
=
0.50
3.100
>
35.092 ton
217.588 =
108.794 ton
108.794
=
2.00
OK !
35.092
H
HR = x W
Resistance :
HR
H
< B/6
10.00
X
Fs =
147.588
H
b)-2 With Uplift
Sliding force :
0.392
4.608
Fs =
e =
WxX-HxY
X =
4.608
10.00
-
2
a) -2 With Uplift
B = 10.00
=
217.588
B
e =
164.90
0.50
147.588 =
73.794
ton
0.5 )
73.794
=
2.103
>
2.00
OK !
35.092

W
6xe
q1,2 =
x (1 +
)
B
B
217.588
q1 =
6x
0.392
x (1 +
10.00
26.876 t/m2
<
qa
48.667 t/m2
OK !
) =
16.641 t/m2
<
qa
48.667 t/m2
OK !
10.00
217.588
q2 =
) =
6x
x (1 10.00
0.392
10.00
Reaction of Foundation Soil in Case 1
16.641 t/m2
- t/m2
26.876 t/m
in case, e > 0
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
- t/m
in case, e < 0
Stability9/31
(applicable)
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
(not applicable)
Stability10/31
2.2 Case 2 (Normal condition, without vertical live load)
1.20
q =
0.50
t/m2
0.30
0.00
qa1
Pa1
Pa2
10
11.50
10.00
qa2
7.50
11
Pw1
12
Pa4
qa4
2.00
1
qw1
0.50
Pa3
qu2
1.50
Pu2
Pu1
qa3
7.50
qu1
Pp1
O
qp1
1.00
(1) Vertical Load
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Description
7.50
x
2.50
1.50
x
2.50
1.00
x
2.50
0.50
x
7.50
0.50
x
1.00
10.00 x
1.20
0.30
x
2.50
10.00 x
0.00
10.00 x
1.20
4.00
x
1.80
6.00
x
2.00
7.50
x
0.50
x
x
10.00
10.00
x
x
0.50
0.50
x
x
x
2.50
2.50
2.50
x
x
2.50
1.80
2.00
x
x
-1.00
-1.00
W
18.750
5.625
2.500
4.688
0.625
15.000
7.500
0.000
10.800
54.000
90.000
3.750
213.238
-37.500
-32.500
143.238
X
6.250
1.750
0.500
5.000
0.333
2.100
1.150
1.000
2.100
6.250
6.250
7.500
6.667
3.333
WxX
117.19
9.84
1.25
23.44
0.21
31.50
8.63
0.00
22.68
337.50
562.50
28.13
1142.87
-250.00
-108.33
784.54
(2) Horizontal Load

Ka =
0.333 (for stability analysis)
Ka ' =
0.350 (for structural analysis)

Kp =
3.000
qa1 = Ka x q
qa2 = Ka x (h1- hw1) x soil
0.167 ton/m
2.400 ton/m
qa3 = qa1 + qa2

qa4 = Ka x hw1 x (sat - w)
2.567 ton/m
2.500 ton/m
qw 1 = hw1 x w
qw2 = hw2 x w
7.500 ton/m
6.500 ton/m
6.000 ton/m
No.
Pa1
Pa2
Pa3
Pa4
Pw1
Pw2
Pp1
0.167
2.400
2.567
2.500
7.500
-6.500
-6.000
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Description
4.00
4.00
x
0.50
7.50
7.50
x
0.50
7.50
x
0.50
6.50
x
0.50
2.00
x
0.50
H
0.667
4.800
19.250
9.375
28.125
-21.125
-6.000
Y
9.500
8.833
3.750
2.500
2.500
2.167
0.667
Pw2
qw2
No.
1
1.00
2
1.50
3
1.00
4
0.50
5
0.50
6
0.50
7
10.00
8
0.50
9
0.50
10
7.50
11
7.50
12
0.50
T o t a l (1 to 12)
Pu1
7.50
Pu2
6.50
Total ( 1 to Pu2)
6.50
1.00
HxY
6.33
42.40
72.19
23.44
70.31
-45.77
-4.00
Stability11/31
Total
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
35.092
164.90
Stability12/31
a)-1 Without Uplift
B = 10.00 m
WxX-HxY
X =
1,142.87 -
W
X
784.54
4.326
4.326
0.674
0.50
164.90
< B/6
1.667
OK !
< B/6
1.667
OK !
10.00
X

b)-1 without Uplift Pressure
H
Sliding force :
35.092 ton
HR = x W
Resistance :
HR
213.238 =
106.619 ton
0.5 )
106.619
=
H
35.092
b)-2 with Uplift Pressure
H
Sliding force :
3.04
2.00
HR
>
OK !
35.092 ton
HR = x W
Resistance :
143.238
Fs =
0.414
4.586
Fs =
e =
WxX-HxY
X =
4.586
10.00
-
2
a)-2 With Uplift
B = 10.00
=
213.238
B
e =
164.90
0.50
143.238 =
71.619
ton
0.5 )
71.619
=
2.04
>
2.00
OK !
35.092

W
q1,2 =
6xe
x (1 +
B
213.238
q1 =
)
B
6x
0.414
x (1 +
10.00
213.238
q2 =
) =
26.621 t/m2
<
qa
48.667 t/m2
OK !
) =
16.027 t/m2
<
qa
48.667 t/m2
OK !
10.00
6x
0.414
x (1 10.00
10.00
16.027 t/m2
- t/m2
26.621 t/m
in case, e > 0
(applicable)
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
- t/m
in case, e < 0
(not applicable)
Stability13/31
2.3 Case 3 (Seismic condition)
1.20
0.30
0.00
9
10.00
11
qa1
7.50
0.50
Pa2
Pw1
10
Pa1
11.50
12
2.00
Pa3
1
qw1
qa3
Pp1
qu2
1.50
Pu2
1.00
Pu1
qa2
7.50
qu1
qp1
(1) Vertical Load
= Same as Case 2
(2) Horizontal Load
30.00 o
=
0.000 o (for stability analysis)
o
0.00
=
6.843 o (for structural analysis)
2
0.00 t/m (for seismic condition)
=
=
=
=
10.204 o
( = Arc tan(Kh) )
Kh
=
0.18

Cos2()
Kae =
Cos x Cos2 x Cos() x 1+
Sin( x Sin()
Cos() x Cos()
0.000
24.23
Sin
0.500
=
Cos(+-)=
20.73
tan =
Sin Sin ( + - )
Sin Cos ( + - )
sin =
Sin ( + )
Sin
Sin (+ ) ==
0.177
Sin
=
Sin(+-) =
0.354
tan
0.450
Cos2(--)=
0.885
Sin(
0.811
Cos
0.984
Sin(--)
0.339
=
Cos(+) =
1.000
Cos(-)
1.000
15.00
Cos2
Kae =
0.438
then
0.514
0.858
0.825
=
Cos2(--)=
6.843
0.950
Sin(
0.707
Cos
0.984
Sin(--)
0.339
Cos2
0.986
Cos(-)
0.993
Cos(+)=
0.848
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
6.50
1.00
Pw2
qw2
Stability14/31
Kae =
0.491

Cos2()
Kpe =
Cos x Cos2 x Cos() x 1
=
Cos (-)=
Cos
=
Cos2
=
Cos()=
2
Kpe =
0.000
0.885
0.984
1.000
0.970
Sin( x Sin()
Cos() x Cos()
=
Sin(
=
Sin(-) =
Cos(-)
=
24.23
0.101
0.339
1.000
1.406
qa1 = Kae x ( h1 - hw1) x soil

qa2 = qa2
qa3 = Kae x hw1 x (sat - w)
=
=
3.154 ton/m
3.154 ton/m
3.285 ton/m
qw 1 = hw1 x w
qw 2 = hw2 x w
7.500 ton/m
6.500 ton/m
2.812 ton/m
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Pw1
Pw2
Pa1
pa2
Pa3
Pp1
Total
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.50
0.50
0.50
3.15
0.50
-2.812
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Description
18.75
5.63
2.50
4.69
0.63
15.00
7.50
0.00
7.50
x
7.50
-6.50 x
6.50
3.15
x
4.00
7.50
3.285 x
7.50
2.00
x
0.50
H
3.375
1.013
0.450
0.844
0.113
2.700
1.350
0.000
28.125
-21.125
6.307
23.652
12.319
-2.812
56.310
Y
0.500
0.750
0.500
1.167
1.167
4.833
6.500
4.833
2.500
2.167
8.833
3.750
2.500
2.000
HxY
1.69
0.76
0.23
0.98
0.13
13.05
8.78
0.00
70.31
-45.77
55.71
88.70
30.80
-5.62
219.74

a)-1 Without Uplift
B = 10.00 m
WxX-HxY
X =
1,142.87 -
W
X
4.329
0.671
219.74
=
3.943
1.057
< B/3
3.333
OK !
< B/3
3.333
OK !
m
784.54
=
143.238
B
e =
WxX-HxY
X =
4.329
10.00
-
2
a)-2 With Uplift
B = 10.00
=
213.238
B
e =
219.74
10.00
-
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
3.943
Stability15/31
b)-1 Without Uplift
H
Sliding force :
56.310 ton
HR = x W
Resistance :
HR
Fs =
H
b)-2 With Uplift
Sliding force :
1.89
>
213.238 =
106.619 ton
1.25
OK !
56.310
H
56.310 ton
HR = x W
HR
H
0.50
0.50
106.619
=
Resistance :
Fs =
=
0.50
1.27
>
0.50
143.238 =
71.619
ton
71.619
=
1.25
OK !
56.310

c-1) in case, |e| < B/6
W
q1,2 =
(applicable)
6xe
x (1 +
B
213.238
q1 =
)
B
6x
0.671
x (1 +
10.00
213.238
q2 =
) = 29.909
t/m2
<
qae
= 73.000
t/m2
OK !
) = 12.739
t/m2
<
qae
= 73.000
t/m2
OK !
qae
t/m2
10.00
6x
0.671
x (1 10.00
c-2) in case, B/6 < |e| < B/3
10.00
(not applicable)
2xW
q1' =
=
3 x (B/2-|e|)
t/m2
12.739 t/m2
29.909 t/m2
in case, e > 0 and e < B/6
(applicable)
- t/m2
in case, e > 0 and B/6 < e < B/3
(not applicable)
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
in case, e < 0 and |e| < B/6
(not applicable)
in case, e < 0 and B/6 < |e| < B/3

(not applicable)
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Stability16/31
2.4 Bearing Capacity of soil
(1) Design Data
B
30.00
10.00
cB
0.00
t/m2
s '
1.00
t/m3 (=satw)
2.00
1.00
m (unit length)
(2) Ultimate Bearing Capacity of soil, (qu)

Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity will be obtained by applying the following
Terzaghi's formula :
qu
= ( x c x Nc) + (soil' x z x Nq) + ( x soil x B x N)
###
###
###
Shape factor (Table 2.5 of KP-06)
1.00
Shape of footing :
=
1
0.50
(strip)
1.00
1.30
1.11
(= 1.09 + 0.21 B/L)
(= 1.09 + 0.21 L/B)
1.30
Shape of footing
1 strip
2 square
3 rectangular, B x L
(B < L)
(B > L)
4 circular, diameter = B
0.50
0.40
0.40
0.30
Bearing capacity factor (Figure 2.3 of KP-06, by Capper)

Nc
36.0
Nq
Nc
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
37
39 >
qu
5.7
7.0
9.0
12.0
17.0
24.0
36.0
57.0
70.0
82.0
23.0
Nq
0.0
1.4
2.7
4.5
7.5
13.0
23.0
44.0
50.0
50.0
( x c x Nc)
0.000
(soil x z x Nq)
46.000
( x soil x B x N)
100.000
20.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.3
4.7
9.5
20.0
41.0
55.0
73.0
146.000 t/m2
(3) Allowable Bearing Capacity of soil, (qa)

qa
qu / 3
48.667 t/m2
(safety factor = 3 , normal condition)
qae
qu / 2
73.000 t/m2
(safety factor = 2 , seismic condition)
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
###
###
###
###
###
Structure17/31
3. Structure Calculation
3.1 Normal Condition
(1) Wall
1.20
q =
0.50
t/m2
0.30
0.00
qa1
Pa1
10.00
Pa2
A
0.9
qa2
6.00
Pw1
Pa3
0.50
qa4
qw1
1.00
5.00
Pw2
Pa4
qa3
1.00
7.50
1.50
qw2
1.00
Load Diagram on Wall in Normal Condition

Ka =
0.350
=
cos (+) =
Kha = Ka x cos (+)
6.843
20.00
0.892
o
o
0.312
a) Section A - A
h =
4.00
m
K
x
q
qa1 = ha
qa2 = Kha x h x soil
No.
Pa1
Pa2
Total
0.156 x
2.246 x
0.156 ton/m
2.246 ton/m
Description
4.00
4.00
x
0.50
Sa =
Ha
0.624
4.493
5.117
5.117
ton
6.00
Ma =
Y (from A-A)
2.000
1.333
7.238
Ha x Y
1.248
5.990
7.238
ton m
b) Section B - B
hw1 =
4.00
m
K
x
q
qa1 = ha
qa2 = Kha x h x soil
qa3 = qa1 + qa2
qa4 = Kha x hw2 x (sat - w)
h =
qw1 = hw1 x w
qw2 = hw2 x w
No.
Pa1
Pa2
Pa3
Pa4
Pw1
Pw2
Total
0.156
2.246
2.402
1.872
6.000
-5.000
x
x
x
x
x
x
Description
4.00
4.00
x
0.50
6.00
6.00
x
0.50
6.00
x
0.50
5.00
x
0.50
Sb =
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
30.647
hw2 =
5.00 m
0.156 ton/m
=
=
2.246 ton/m
2.402 ton/m
1.872 ton/m
6.000 ton/m
5.000 ton/m
Hb
0.624
4.493
14.414
5.616
18.000
-12.500
30.647
ton
Mb =
Y (from B-B)
8.000
7.333
3.000
2.000
2.000
1.667
107.581
Ha x Y
4.992
32.947
43.243
11.232
36.000
(20.833)
107.581
ton m
Structure18/31
(2) Footing
Case 1 (with vertical live load)
q =
0.50
Case 2 (without vertical live load)
t/m2
q =
4.00
0.50
t/m2
4.00
4
6.00
0.50
1.00
6.00
1.00
3
D
7.50
0.50
C
1.50
D
1.00
C
1.50
7.50
1.00
5
4
4
3
in case, e > 0
in case, e > 0
6
6
2
10.235
25.085
16.641 t/m2
16.027 t/m2
24.317 t/m2
23.973 t/m2
25.853 t/m2
25.562 t/m2
26.876 t/m
26.621 t/m2
in case, e < 0
in case, e < 0
2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
Load Diagram on Footing in Normal Case

a) Section C - C
No.
Description
1
1.000 x
1.00
x
2.50
0.500 x
1.00
x
2.50
2
-25.853 x
1.00
-1.024 x
1.00
x
0.50
Total
No.
Description
1
1.000 x
1.00
x
2.50
0.500 x
1.00
x
2.50
2
-25.562 x
1.00
-1.059 x
1.00
x
0.50
Total
Case 1
Case 2
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Sc
Sc
= -23.239 ton
= -22.966 ton
0.50
0.50
Hc
2.500
0.625
-25.853
-0.512
-23.239
X (from C-C)
0.500
0.333
0.500
0.667
Hc x X
1.250
0.208
-12.926
-0.341
-11.809
Hc
2.500
0.625
-25.562
-0.530
-22.966
X (from C-C)
0.500
0.333
0.500
0.667
Hc x X
1.250
0.208
-12.781
-0.353
-11.676
Mc
Mc
=
=
-11.809
-11.676
ton m
ton m
Structure19/31
b) Section D - D
No.
Description
3
1.000 x
7.50
x
2.50
0.500 x
7.50
x
2.50
4
4.000 x
7.50
x
1.80
6.000 x
7.50
x
2.00
0.500 x
7.50
x
2.00
5
0.500 x
7.50
6
-16.641 x
7.50
-7.676 x
7.50
x
0.50
Total
No.
Description
3
1.000 x
7.50
x
2.50
0.500 x
7.50
x
2.50
4
4.000 x
7.50
x
1.80
6.000 x
7.50
x
2.00
0.500 x
7.50
x
2.00
6
-16.027 x
7.50
-7.946 x
7.50
x
0.50
Total
Case 1
case 2
Sd
Sd
=
=
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Hd
18.750
4.688
54.000
90.000
3.750
3.750
-124.808
-28.786
21.344
X (from D-D)
3.750
2.500
3.750
3.750
5.000
3.750
3.750
2.500
Hd x Y
70.313
11.719
202.500
337.500
18.750
14.063
-468.028
-71.965
114.851
Hd
18.750
4.688
54.000
90.000
3.750
-120.203
-29.796
21.189
X (from D-D)
3.750
2.500
3.750
3.750
5.000
3.750
2.500
Hd x Y
70.313
11.719
202.500
337.500
18.750
-450.759
-74.489
115.533
21.344 ton
21.189 ton
Md
Md
=
=
114.851
115.533
ton m
ton m
3.2 Seismic Condition

(1) Wall
1.20
0.30
0.00
Pa1
10.00
10.50
qa1
6.00
Pw1
Pa2
Pa3
0.50
1.00
qw1
qa3
5.00
Pw2
qw2
qa2
1.00
7.50
1.50
1.00
Load diagram on Wall for Seismic case

Kae =
0.491
=
cos (+) =
6.843
15.00
0.928
Khea = Kae x cos (+)
o
o
0.456
Kh =
0.18
a) Section A - A
h =
4.00 m
K
qa1 = hae x h x soil
No.
1
0.500 x
2
4.000 x
3
0.500 x
Pa1
3.281 x
Total
=
Description
4.000 x 0.480
0.300 x 2.500
4.000 x 0.000
4.000 x 0.500
Sae =
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
7.535
x
x
x
ton
2.500
0.180
2.500
3.281 t/m
0.180
0.180
Mae =
Hae
0.432
0.540
0.000
6.563
7.535
10.406
Y (from A-A) Hae x Y

1.333
0.576
2.000
1.080
1.333
0.000
1.333
8.750
10.406
ton m
Structure20/31
b) Section B - B
hw1 =
h =
4.00 m
qa1 = Khae x h x soil
qa2 = qa1
qa3 = Khae x hw1 x ( sat - w)
hw2 =
6.00 m
qw1 = hw1 x w
qw2 = hw2 x w
No.
Pa1
Pa2
Pa3
Pw1
Pw2
1
2
3
Total
3.535
3.535
2.734
6.000
-5.000
0.500
10.000
0.500
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Description
4.00
x
0.50
6.00
6.00
x
0.50
6.00
x
0.50
5.00
x
0.50
10.00 x
1.20
0.30
x
2.50
10.00 x
0.00
Sbe
x
x
x
2.50
0.18
2.50
5.00 m
=
=
3.535 t/m
3.535 t/m
2.734 t/m
6.000 ton/m
5.000 ton/m
0.18
0.18
46.035 ton
Mbe
Hbe
7.070
21.211
8.203
18.000
-12.500
2.700
1.350
0.000
46.035
=
162.807
Y (from B-B) Hbe x Y

7.333
51.850
3.000
63.634
2.000
16.407
2.000
36.000
1.667
-20.833
3.333
9.000
5.000
6.750
3.333
0.000
162.807
ton m
(2) Footing
in case, e < B/6
in case, B/6 < e < B/3
4.00
4.00
4
6.00
0.50
1.00
6.00
1.00
3
D
7.50
0.50
C
1.50
D
1.00
in case, e > 0 ande < B/6
C
1.50
7.50
1.00
in case, e > 0 and B/6 < e < B/3

6
2
12.739 t/m2
- t/m2
25.617 t/m2
28.192 t/m2
- t/m2
29.909 t/m2
- t/m2
in case, e < 0 and |e| < B/6
in case, e < 0 and B/6 < |e| < B/3

2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
- t/m2
Load Diagram on Footing in Seismic Case
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
- t/m2
Structure21/31
a) Section C - C
No.
1
2
1.000
0.500
-28.192
-1.717
x
x
x
x
Description
1.00
x
2.50
1.00
x
2.50
1.00
1.00
x
0.50
0.50
Total
Sce
= -25.926 ton
Mce
Hce
2.500
0.625
-28.192
-0.859
-25.926
X (from C-C)
0.500
0.333
0.500
0.667
Hce x X
1.250
0.208
-14.096
-0.572
-13.210
= -13.210 ton m
b) Section D - D
No.
3
4
5
1.000
0.500
10.000
0.500
-12.739
-12.878
x
x
x
x
x
x
Description
7.50
x
2.50
7.50
x
2.50
7.50
x
1.92
7.50
x
2.00
7.50
7.50
x
0.50
0.50
0.50
Total
Sde
27.354 ton
Mde
Hde
18.750
4.688
144.000
3.750
-95.543
-48.291
27.354
X (from D-D)
3.750
2.500
3.750
5.000
3.750
2.500
Hde x X
70.313
11.719
540.000
18.750
-358.284
-120.727
161.770
= 161.770 ton m
3.3 Design Bending Moment and Shear Force

(1) Bending moment and shear force in each case
Description
Section
Section
Section
Section
A-A
B-B
C-C
D-D
Bending Moment
Normal
Seismic
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
7.238
7.238
10.406
107.581
107.581
162.807
11.809
11.676
13.210
114.851
115.533
161.770
Shear Force
Normal
Case 1
Case 2
5.117
5.117
30.647
30.647
23.239
22.966
21.344
21.189
(2) Design bending moment and shear force

Description
Section
Section
Section
Section
Notes:
Bending Moment
Shear Force
Normal
Seismic
Normal
Seismic
A-A
7.238
10.406
5.117
7.535
B-B
107.581
162.807
30.647
46.035
C-C
11.809
13.210
23.239
25.926
D-D
107.581
161.770
21.344
27.354
- Moment at Section C-C < Moment at Section B-B
- Moment at Section D-D < Moment at Section B-B
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Seismic
Case 3
7.535
46.035
25.926
27.354
4. Wooden Pile
(Not applicable for this Project)
4.1 Bearing Capacity of a Pile

(1) Design data
Diameter of wooden pile
Length of pile
Area of pile section
Perimeter of pile
SPT N-Value
D
L
A
=
40.0 cm
=
6.00 m
= 1/4 x x D2
= xD
=
30
Ni : Average N value in a soil layer

fi : friction of soil
= 0.20 x Ni
=
=
=
=
0.126 m2
1.257 m
30
6.00 t/m2
(2) Ultimate vertical bearing capacity, (qu)

qu = (40 x N x A) + ( x fi x li)
= ( 40
x
30.0 x
= 150.796 + 45.239
0.126 )+(
=
1.257 x
6.00 x
196.035
ton/pile
6.0 )
(3) Ultimate vertical bearing capacity, (qu)

qa = qu/n
196.035 / 3
65.345
ton/pile
(safety factor : n = 3)
4.2 Allowable horizontal bearing capacity
Horizontal bearing capacity depend on displacement of a pile
(1) Design data
Class of timber (pile)
: III Class
2
E = 80,000 kg/cm
(Young's modulus)
= Allowable horizontal displacement
N = SPT N-value is assumed as
=
=
0.01 m
30
x D4
= 125,663.7 cm4
I =
(I : Moment of Inertia for a pile)
64
(2) Horizontal bearing capacity of one pile (Ha)
=
0.20
Kh = x E x D-3/4
=
0.20 x(
=
Kh x D
28
28
30.0 )x(
10.562
40.0 )-3/4
Kh x D
=
4 x
10.562 kg/cm
x 40.0
=
4 EI
Ha =
E =
80,000 x
125,663.7
10.562 x
40.0
0.010 cm
= 41,730.94
0.010
=
41.731
(3) Allowable horizontal bearing capacity due to the stress of a pile itself
Ha = 2 x x Ma
= Allowable stress of timber III class
75.00 kg/cm2
x D3
W =
6,283.19 cm3
; (W : section modulus of a pile)
32
Ma =
Ha = 2 x x Ma
=
2
x
W
0.010
75.00 x
x 471,238.9
6,283.19 =
9,541.95
471,238.9 kg cm
kg/pile
9.542 ton/pile
Allowable horizontal bearing capacity acting on the pile top depend upon the allowable
stress of pile itself.
4.3 Spacing of Pile
(1) For horizontal load
Ha =
9.542 ton/pile
Hr = H - Hf
; (Ha : Horizontal load carried by pile)
= H - V x tan(2/3)
Ha
Spacing of pile
=
=
-0.42
56.310
-0.42
79.196
= -22.886 ton/m
9.542
=
Hr
Spacing of pile
-22.886
m (center to center) by horizontal force
(2) For vertical load

V = 217.588 ton/m
qa =
: Vertical load carried by pile
65.345 ton/pile
: Allowable vertical bearing capacity of a pile
qa
Spacing of pile
65.345
=
0.30
217.588
Spacing of pile can be determined 0.75 m for a pile ( 150, L

Vp =
qa =
### ton/m
6.00
m ),
6.00
m ),
: Vertical load carried by pile
65.345 ton/pile
: Allowable vertical bearing capacity of a pile
qa
Spacing of pile
65.345
=
Vp
-0.37
-176.410
Spacing of pile can be determined 1.50 m for a pile ( 150, L
m2
kg/cm3
cm
kg
ton
ton/pile
ton/m
m ),
m ),
Re-bar 26/31
Reinforcement Bar Arrangement and Stress

Normal Condition
Name of Structure
Location
:
:
Dinding Penahan
PERUM UNMUL
Bending moment
Shearing force (joint)
Axial force
M
S
N
kgfcm
kgf
kgf
Height of member
Covering depth
Effective height
Effective width
h
d'
d
b
n
cm
cm
cm
cm
-
Asreq
cm2
Required R-bar
R-bar arrangement
Reinforcement
Perimeter of R-bar
As
U
cm2
cm
Compressive stress
Allowable stress
c
ca
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
s
sa
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Shearing stress at joint

Allowable stress
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Dist. from neutral axis
As
cm2
Minimum requirement of distribution bar
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
78.0
7.0
71.0
100.0
24
Wall (lower)
Section B-B
back
front
10,758,139
30,647
0
Footing (toe)
Section C-C
lower
upper
1,180,908
23,239
0
150.0
7.0
143.0
100.0
24
6.20
150.0
7.0
143.0
100.0
24
45.72
Footing (heel)
Section D-D
lower
upper
10,758,139
21,344
0
150.0
7.0
143.0
100.0
24
4.87
25~200
16~250
25~100
16~125
25~200
25~200
24.54
39.27
8.04
ok
49.09
78.54
16.08
ok
24.54
39.27
24.54
ok
44.34
43.81
25~200
?
24.54
39.27
23.62
47.45
35.57
35.57
9.7
60.0
35.7
60.0
5.1
60.0
46.1
60.0
467
1,850
ok
0.72
5.50
ok
ok
1,723
1,850
ok
2.14
5.50
ok
2,807,924
2,807,924
20
2,435
3,281,008
25
68
4.09
16~250
8.04
ok
13,748,467
14,771,164
44
2,693
13,748,467
55
59
8.18
16~125
16.08
ok
ok
Resisting Moment
Mr
kgfcm
Mr for compression
Mrc
kgfcm
x for Mrc
cm
s for Mrc
kgf/cm2
Mr for tensile
Mrs
kgfcm
x for Mrs
cm
c for Mrs
kgf/cm2
Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin)
Reinforcement
Wall (upper)
Section A-A
back
front
723,843
5,117
0
1.34
16~200
10.05
ok
As min =
4.50
ok
ok
1.63
5.50
ok
2.68
16~200
10.05
ok
cm2
24.54
ok
ok
3,342
1,850
check
1.49
5.50
ok
367
1,850
5,358,172
7,105,412
28
3,413
5,358,172
33
42
4.09
16~200
10.05
ok
25~200
4.09
16~200
10.05
ok
6,389,792
11,447,882
33
4,049
6,389,792
39
34
4.09
16~200
10.05
ok
4.09
16~200
10.05
ok
Re-bar 27/31
Reinforcement Bar Arrangement and Stress

Seismic Condition
Name of Structure
Location
:
:
Dinding Penahan
PERUM UNMUL
Bending moment
Shearing force (joint)
Axial force
M
S
N
kgfcm
kgf
kgf
Height of member
Covering depth
Effective height
Effective width
h
d'
d
b
n
cm
cm
cm
cm
-
Asreq
cm2
Required R-bar
R-bar arrangement
Reinforcement
Perimeter of R-bar
As
U
cm2
cm
Compressive stress
Allowable stress
c
ca
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
s
sa
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Shearing stress at joint

Allowable stress
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Resisting Moment
Mr for compression
x for Mrc
s for Mrc
Mr for tensile
x for Mrs
c for Mrs
Mr
Mrc
Mrs
Wall (upper)
Section A-A
back
front
1,040,639
7,535
0
78.0
7.0
71.0
100.0
16
Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin)

Reinforcement
As
cm2
5.83
45.27
3.58
43.81
25~100
16~125
25~200
25~200
24.54
39.27
8.04
49.09
78.54
16.08
24.54
39.27
24.54
25~200
?
24.54
39.27
20.01
40.19
29.82
29.82
16.2
90.0
62.5
90.0
6.7
90.0
81.6
90.0
659
2,775
ok
1.06
8.25
ok
ok
2,559
2,775
ok
3.22
8.25
ok
3,390,872
3,390,872
17
3,025
4,447,680
20
112
17,311,334
17,311,334
36
3,304
18,933,061
43
99
16~250
8.04
16~200
10.05
As min =
16~125
16.08
4.50
46.21
51.44
-429.00
-8373.90
1197468.06
-232397
check
Reference: Assumed requirement of reinforcement bar

Required R-bar
5.60
Asreqo
cm2
xo
12.17
cm
a
-213.00
b
-360.00
25560.35
c
-8550
(check)
check
45.69
43.75
-429.00
-5632.24
805409.89
-178269
check
7.85 t/m3 =
ok
ok
1.81
8.25
ok
7,353,625
8,311,642
23
4,173
7,353,625
26
73
16~200
10.05
24.54
ok
4,953
2,775
check
1.91
8.25
ok
404
2,775
16~200
10.05
25~200
8,915,539
13,248,763
27
4,922
8,915,539
31
60
16~200
10.05
16~200
10.05
16~200
10.05
cm2
Normal Condition
4.67
19.12
-429.00
-919.19
131444.67
-35998
check
46.18
51.25
-429.00
-8373.90
1197468.06
-223789
check
nol
Seismic Condition
0.785
Wall (upper)
Section A-A
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Footing (heel)
Section D-D
upper
lower
16,177,031
27,354
0
150.0
7.0
143.0
100.0
16
16~250
Reference: Assumed requirement of reinforcement bar

Required R-bar
5.92
Asreqo
cm2
xo
14.62
cm
a
-213.00
b
-563.42
40003.06
c
-10630
(check)
check
150.0
7.0
143.0
100.0
16
25~200
Minimum requirement of distribution bar
Footing (toe)
Section C-C
lower
upper
1,321,000
25,926
0
150.0
7.0
143.0
100.0
16
ok
kgfcm
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
Wall (lower)
Section B-B
back
front
16,280,685
46,035
0
3.44
13.73
-429.00
-456.99
65350.23
-19228
check
45.38
43.61
-429.00
-5596.38
800282.11
-176905
check
nol
kg/cm2-m
Wall (lower)
Section B-B
Footing (toe)
Section C-C
Footing (heel)
Section D-D
Re-bar 28/31
Data of Reinforcement Bar
Sectional Perimeter Arrangement

Area
(mm) (cm2)
(cm)
12
1.131
3.770 12@125
12@150
12@250
12@300
16
2.011
5.027 16@125
16@150
16@250
16@300
19
2.835
5.969 19@125
19@150
19@250
19@300
22
3.801
6.912 22@125
22@150
22@250
22@300
25
4.909
7.854 25@75
25@150
25@250
25@300
32
8.042
10.053 32~125
32@150
32@250
32@300
12@250 + 16@250
12,16@125
12,19@125
12,22@125
12,25@125
12,32@125
16,19@125
16,22@125
16,25@125
16,32@125
19,22@125
19,25@125
19,32@125
22,25@125
22,32@125
25,32@125
12@300 + 16@300
12,16@150
12,19@150
12,22@150
12,25@150
12,32@150
16,19@150
16,22@150
16,25@150
16,32@150
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
Area
(cm2)
9.05
7.54
4.52
3.77
16.08
13.40
8.04
6.70
22.68
18.90
11.34
9.45
30.41
25.34
15.21
12.67
49.09
32.72
19.63
16.36
64.34
53.62
32.17
26.81
12.56
15.86
19.73
24.15
36.69
19.38
23.25
27.67
40.21
26.55
30.97
43.51
34.84
47.38
51.80
10.47
13.22
16.44
20.13
30.58
16.15
19.37
23.06
33.51
Perimeter
(cm)
30.16
25.13
15.08
12.57
40.21
33.51
20.11
16.76
47.75
39.79
23.88
19.90
55.29
46.08
27.65
23.04
78.54
52.36
31.42
26.18
80.42
67.02
40.21
33.51
35.19
38.96
42.73
46.50
55.29
43.99
47.76
51.53
60.32
51.53
55.30
64.09
59.07
67.86
71.63
29.33
32.47
35.61
38.75
46.08
36.66
39.80
42.94
50.27
Footing (heel)
Section E-E
lower
upper
#REF!
#REF!
0
125.0
7.0
118.0
100.0
24
#REF!
#REF!
25~200
#REF!
24.54
39.27
25~200
24.54
ok
31.86
Calculation Check
12.56
35.19
15.86
38.96
19.73
42.73
24.15
46.50
36.69
55.29
19.38
43.99
23.25
47.76
27.67
51.53
40.21
60.32
26.55
51.53
30.97
55.30
43.51
64.09
34.84
59.07
47.38
67.86
51.80
71.63
10.47
29.33
13.22
32.47
16.44
35.61
20.13
38.75
30.58
46.08
16.15
36.66
19.37
39.80
23.06
42.94
33.51
50.27
#REF!
60.0
#REF!
#REF!
1,850
#REF!
#REF!
5.50
#REF!
3,623,270
3623270.48
22
2673.99317
4,289,501
27
59
4.09
16~200
10.05
ok
4.09
16~300
6.70
ok
Re-bar 29/31
19,22@150
19,25@150
22.12
25.81
42.94
46.08
22.12
25.81
42.94
46.08
19,32@150
22,25@150
22,32@150
25,32@150
36.26
29.03
39.48
43.17
53.41
49.22
56.55
59.69
36.26
29.03
39.48
43.17
53.41
49.22
56.55
59.69
Footing (heel)
Section E-E
upper
lower
#REF!
#REF!
0
125.0
7.0
118.0
100.0
16
#REF!
25~200
#REF!
24.54
39.27
25~200
24.54
26.77
#REF!
90.0
#REF!
#REF!
2,775
#REF!
#REF!
8.25
#REF!
4,706,450
4,706,450
19
3,405
5,815,251
22
95
16~200
10.05
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
16~300
6.70
Reinforcement Bar Arrangement

(
Dinding Penahan
)
1.20 0.30 0.00
+ 79.00
D25~200
4.00
D16~200
11.50
A
D16~200
7.50
B
D25~200
B
+ 69.50
0.50
1.00
+ 67.50
D13~400
D16~200
7.50
C
D25~200
1.50
10.00
302650898.xls-02/01/2016
1.00
12th Oct, Stability Analysis

Uplift pressure are added for stability analysis.
Reinforcement Bar Arrangement
Reinforcement bar for Footing (heel) are collected.
Jan. 7, '03 Stability

Calculation formula in case of (B/6 < e < B/3) under seismic condition are corrected.
(distributed width of reaction of foundation soil)
Structure
Calculation formula in case of (B/6 < e < B/3) under seismic condition are corrected.
(distributed width of reaction of foundation soil)

Retaining Wall

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Retaining Wall

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concrete

Top wall level

Section of Retaining wall

(for stability analysis)

a) Stability against overturning

a) Stability against overturning

|e| = 0.67 m < B/6 = 1.67 m

|e| = 1.06 m < B/3 = 3.33 m

b) Stability against sliding

b) Stability against sliding

c) Reaction of foundation soil

c) Reaction of foundation soil

Stressing of Reinforcement and Concrete

Young's modulus ratio

Young's modulus ratio

Section of Retaining wall

Allowable compressive stress ( ca)

Bar size and spacing (mm)

Section of Retaining wall

Bar size and spacing (mm)

t/m (for normal condition)

Section of Retaining Wall

(for stability analysis)

(for structural analysis)

(for structural analysis in normal condition, = 2/3 )

(for stability analysis in seismic condition, see Section 2.3)

Reaction of foundation soil

Acting Load in Case 1

(2) Horizontal Load

(for stability analysis)

0.333 for stability analysis

(for structural analysis)

0.350 for structural analysis

Coefficient of Passive earth pressure

(3) Stability Calculation

b) Stability against sliding

c) Reaction of foundation soil

(1) Vertical Load

(2) Horizontal Load

0.333 (for stability analysis)

0.350 (for structural analysis)

Coefficient of Passive earth pressure

qa3 = qa1 + qa2

Acting Load in Case 2

b) Stability against sliding

c) Reaction of foundation soil

Acting Load in Case 3

(1) Vertical Load

(2) Horizontal Load

Coefficient of Active earth pressure

Cos x Cos2 x Cos() x 1+

(for stability analysis)

(for stability analysis)

(for structural analysis)

(for structural analysis)

Coefficient of Passive earth pressure

Cos x Cos2 x Cos() x 1

qa1 = Kae x ( h1 - hw1) x soil

(3) Stability Calculation

c) Reaction of foundation soil

c-2) in case, B/6 < |e| < B/3

in case, e < 0 and B/6 < |e| < B/3

Reaction of Foundation Soil in Case 3

(2) Ultimate Bearing Capacity of soil, (qu)