1.

Identify statement or statements , in bracket that are relevant to statements ,in

italics on left.
Answer) Political equality can be identified with, the principle of one person one
vote.
b) Universal Adult Franchise, in the Indian context meant
both allowing all people to vote for any political party,
allowing all people to vote in elections,
allowing all people to vote for Congress party)

A. Universal Adult Franchise in the Indian context meant both allowing all people to
vote for any political party and allowing all people to vote in elections.
Answer) Congress Dominance would include, being able to win
most states assembly seats, after elections.
Emergency imposed restrictions on people's rights.
Question) What measures were taken to bring in socio-economic change during the
initial years after independence?

answer) Many measures were taken to bring in socio-economic change,

during the initial years after independence.
2. The Planning Commission was set up.
3. Planned development would dissolve the divisions of, caste, religion, community
and region.
4. It also helped India to emerge as a strong nation.
5. The First Five Year Plan focussed on, agriculture.

6. The components of socio-economic change were

a) land reforms
b) agriculture cooperatives
c) local self-government.
7. Planners felt that, it was essential to develop industries
and increase employment in service sectors.
8. In Second Five Year Plan focus, shifted to industries.

Question) What do you understand about one party dominance?

Would you consider it as dominance only in elections or also in terms of ideology?
Discuss with reasons.
Answer) 1. In first three general elections, the Congress won over 70% seats
and 45% of the total votes cast.
Also formed the government, in many of the states as well.
The majority need to be believed in, elections only.

4. As the ideology of the Congress was not dominant,

it always had within smaller groups.
The other political parties gained ground within 2 decades.
This established a multi-party system based on
free and open competition.

4th question) Language became a central rallying point

in Indian politics on many occasions,
either as a unifying force or
as a divisive element.
Identify these instances and describe them.

Answer)
Language became a central rallying point in Indian politics, on many occasions.
At times it worked as a unifying force
and sometimes as a divisive element.
When states were formed on the basis of the linguistic principle
it was a unifying force.
All the states are doing well.
When Hindi was made official language in 1963
There was Anti-Hindi Agitation, there language was a divisive force.

5th question)
What were the major changes in political system
after 1967 elections ?
answer)
There were many major changes in political system after 1967 elections.
Elections had become to be taken seriously, and had life of their own.
Democracy had taken roots in India
and country was moving towards a competitive, multi party system.
4. There were basically a coalition of legislators
against the congress in many states.
Intermediate caste, who had first benefited from land reforms gained political
power
Many of the coalition of legislators
were marked by defection and corruptions.
This period saw a renewal of a regional sentiment
in different parts of the country.
This was also a period of communal tension.

6th question
,Think of other ways in which states could have been created, and how would they
be better than language based reorganisation ?
Answer)
In India, state reorganisation was done on the basis of linguistic principle.
Other ways in which we could form states
may be culture, ethnicity and economy.
3. But history provides proof that, even nations could not survive on cultural,
ethnicity and economy bases.
4. Nationalist movement leaders, accepted the principle of territorial organisation of
the country
on a linguistic basis.

5. The diverse elements of Indian culture ,are chiefly represented by the languages
of India.

6. So no other basis of reorganization, would not have fared, better than linguistic
reorganisation.

Question)
What measures of Indira Gandhi, are called left turn'? How do you think this
was Different From
policies of previous decades?
Based on your economics chapters describe,
how it is different from, the current policies.
Answer)
Immediately after the victory in 1971 Bangladesh War,
using Indira Gandhis popular slogan Garibi Hatao'
the Congress won with record majority, in 1971 general elections.
2. In the legislative assembly elections held, subsequently in 1972, Congress did
well.
3. She, then had control over, both the party as well as the Parliament.
4. She nationalised banks, abolished princely pensions, which were challenged in
courts.
5. Constitution was being amended rapidly, in the name of socio-economic change,
feared the Supreme Court.
6. This was called 'Left turn.

7. In 1973, oil prices rose to an all time high,

rise in prices, scarcity of food, and unemployment increased.
8. Current policies are different from them.
9. Government is encouraging, private banking and non-banking finance
corporations, reducing subsidies, etc.
8 th question)

in what ways was the Emergency period a set back to the Indian democracy ?
ANSWER)
On 25th June 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ,imposed an Emergency in the
country.
Due to this Emergency
Fundamental Rights stood suspended,
2. Censorship was imposed on the press and
3. Prominent political leaders were arrested.
In the above ways, the Emergency period was, a set back to the Indian democracy.

9th QUESTION)
What were the institutional changes that came up after the Emergency ?

A nswer)
With this emergency democracy was put on hold.
2. Many fundamental rights were suspended.
3. There were instances of detention and torture, beyond mere violation of civil
liberties.
42nd Constitutional Amendment brought about a series of changes
a) Excluding the courts from election disputes,
b) Strengthening the central government vis--vis the state governments.
5. Other changes were
Protection from judiciary challenges to socio-economic legislations
Made judiciary subservient to Parliament.
6. These weakened the democratic fabric of this country.

QUESTION)
In your opinion, have we been able to achieve social equality:
think of instances that you would identify as, examples of social equality and
inequality.

ANSWER)1. We have not been able to achieve social equality.

2. Our social structure continues, to deny us the principle of one man one value.
3. Caste system interrelated economic structure, is never allowing us the
achievement of social equality.
Question)
How do you think illiteracy ,effects elections, especially when it comes to exercising
the choice of voting? How do you think this problem can be solved ?

Answer)1. Illiteracy causes difficulty in elections, especially when it comes to

exercising the choice of voting.
2. They cannot read the name, in the Ballot paper, to whom he/she wishes to vote.

3. This problem was solved by the Election Commission,

initially by sticking the symbol, outside the Ballot box separately.
4. Again it allotted symbols of daily life, for every contestant for visual identification
of the voter.
5. We can also print his photo against his name.

Question)
Could we have considered that our country was democratic if all people did not
have voting rights ?

ANSWER)
1. We could not have considered that, our country was democratic, if all the people
did not have voting rights.
2. All eligible people shall be given franchise
and elections at definite intervals are the tenets of democracy.
3. If Universal Adult Franchise was not accepted, then we cannot say ourselves as a
democracy.
QUESTION)
Given the literacy rate of women being low,
if women were not allowed to vote how would it affect our policies ?

ans)1. Literacy rate of women was low.

2. They were not given right to vote.
3. Then our policies will not do justice to them.
4. Their requirements and difficulties will not be known to us.
5. We cannot prepare the bills that suit their needs.

Question)Being able to conduct regular elections can be considered a clear sign of

being able to establish democracy. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons.

1. Being able to conduct regular elections can be considered a clear sign of being
able to establish Democracy.
2. I do agree with this statement.
Reasons: (a) Indian democracy rests on the idea of representation, (b) Every adult
citizen of above 18 years is given the right to vote regardless of education, property
and gender, (c) Elections are held periodically to the various representative
institutions of a democratic state at three different levels (The centre, the state and
the local levels) to facilitate effective functioning, (d) Any registered voter who
completed 25 years can contest for elections to the lok Sabha or Vidhan Sabha. (e)
Entire country or state is divided into territorial units called constituencis. (0 The
work of conducting election to the Parliament and Legislature is entrusted to the
Election Commission, (g) The procedure for elections is laid down in Representation
of People's Act. (h) Elections are therefore held in a free and fair manner.
X Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.M.)
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^age No. 25?3

6.
Summarise the features that could explain the Congress was able to
dominate the political system.

A 1. In Independent India's first three general elections in 1952,1957 and 1962 the
Congress won, reducing other participants to almost nothing.

2. The Congress consistently won over 70% of seats by obtaining about 45% of the
total votes cast

3. The Congress formed the government in many states as well.

4. The opposition parties only posed a latent and not a real threat.

5. The above features could explain the Congress was able to dominate the political
system.
7. Do you think unity of India would have been better served if linguistic states were
not formed ?

A 1. I don't think that the unity of India would have been better without linguistic
states.

2. Language unites people and it represents the diverse elements of our culture.

3. There was popular will for linguistic states.

4. Leaders of national movement also accepted linguistic states.

5. Moreover now these states are of great help in consolidating India.

8. Why do you think the tribal languages were ignored at this time ?

A 1. When linguistic states were formd dominant languages were considered.

2. Tribal languages were not considered.

3. Because the population of these tribal language users is very less and sparsely
spread.

4. Apart from this there was popular will.

5. People of dominant languages demanded separate states.

9. Do you know how many states and union territories are there in India today ?

A Today, in India there are 29 states and 7 union territories.

10.

Which are the newest states of India and when were they created ?

A 1. The newest states of India are 1) Chattisgharh 2) Jharkhand 3) Uttarakhand

4)Telangana.

2. Chattisgarh, the 26th state of India was carved out of Madhya Pradesh on Nov.
1,2000.

3. Uttaranchal, the 27th state of India was carved out of Uttar Pradesh on Nov.
9,2000.

4. Later it had changed its name to be Uttarakhand,

5. Jharkhand, the 28th state of India was carved of Bihar on November 15,2000.

6. Telangana, the 29th state of India was formed on 2nd June, 2014.
II.
If you live in a rural area, find out if institutions like cooperatives were
established before 1970's and who became members in it ?

A 1. In rural areas there were institutions like cooperatives.

2. Important among them were Primary Agricultural Credit Cooperative Societies.

3. Farmers who are practising agriculture were joined as members in it __

nrax Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.MQ

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Mega Study Material^

Compare the land reforms carried out in India with that of China or Vietnam.

1.

Land reforms were implemented In a half-hearted manner In India.

1 While Zamindari system was abolished, redistribution of land to the landless did
not take place.

3. Whereas land reforms were Implemented in China and Vietnam in a wholehearted manner.

4. They were able to redistribute the land to the landless.

LPage No. 256^
How did the language policy help foster national unity and integrity ?

1. The language policy states the right of each state to have a language of its own
(which could be the regional language or English).

2. Communications in states could be in regional languages with English

translations.

3. English would continue to be the communication language between the centre

and the states.

4. Civil Service Examinations would be conducted in English rather than in Hindi

alone.

5. pith these all provisions, no state has a problem with the centre, so promoted
national unity and integrity.

Is there a need for a national language ?

1. We are such a vast country with many regional languages.

2. Language policy is of help in fostering national unity and integrity.

3. The Official Languages Act 1963 could not make Hindi to withstand to be an
absolute official language.

4. So, In these circumstances there is no need for another national language.

Should all languages have equal status ?

1. In India there are as many as 1,652 languages.

2. Indian Constitution recognises 22 languages as statutory.

3. Many languages have no script.

4. Many languages were spoken by few people.

5. Taking all things into consideration it will be difficult to accord equal status to all
languages.
ESSENTIAL MATERIAL FOR EXAMINATION PURPOSE^
n

H
13.

K
14.

A
15.

A
f

MARKS QUEST1QNS\

Read the passage and answer the following question.

| A few days later, with the JP movement gaining more strength, the government
imposed IEmergency and justified it as necessary to preserve order, save
democracy, protect the social and [economic transformation and preserve national
integrity

P* Comment on the above text

P* 1) When J.P. movement gaining more strength, the government imposed

Emergency.

2) Democracy was put on hold.

I 3) Fundamental rights were suspended. v 4) There were instances of arbitrary

arrests and violation of civil liberties.

^*5) The emergency period weakened the democratic fabric of our country.

JP Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.M.)QD

Mega Study Material

1) What was the smallest state that is there between Madras and Mysore state ?

A "Coorg" was the smallest state between Madras and Mysore states.

2) Name the southernmost state from the above map.

A Travancore - Cochin state was the southern most state.

4. Read the following paragraph and answer the following question.___

Jaivaharlal Nehru was not opposed to linguistic states; he only believed that this
was not the time for it. It was also the consensual position among the leaders of the
day. They believed that India was in the process of consolidating itself and there
should be no distraction.__

Q. Was Nehru opposing "Liquistic reorganization of states" ?

A 1) No. Nehru was not opposed to liquistic states.

2) He thought it was not a right time for reorganization.

3) Still India was consolidating itself.

4) At this moment there should not be any distraction.

5) Hence Nehru thought that it was not the right time to reorganization.

5. Read the following paragraph and answer the following question.

When India became independent the Cold War had just begun and the world was
being polarised ] into countries in the US or USSR camp. Jawaharlal Nehru followed
a policy of not joining either camp and tried to maintain an equidistant and
independent position in foreign policy. He also joined hands with several other
countries that had become independent around the same time and wanted to follow
a similar polity-Indonesia, Egypt, Yugoslavia, and so on. Together they built the Non
Aligned Movement Asfor the immediate neighbours he formulated the Panchsheel
policy of non-interference in each others internal affairs. However, India had to face
two wars during this period, first with Pakistan over Kashmir in 1948and with China
in 1962. India was not well prepared for the wars, especially the war in 1962 and
sustained heavy losses of human life and money
Q. What was our foreign policy and did that policy help us to avoid wars with our
neighbours? A 1) We became independent in the bipolarized world.

2) We followed a policy of not joining in the US or the USSR camp.

3) Along with other countries like Indonesia. Egypt, Yugoslavia we built the NonAlignment movement.

4) In spite of our policy of Non-Alignment, we had to face two wars with Pakistan in
1965 and 1971 and one war with China, i.e. in 1962.

5) These wars ended with heavy losses of human life and money.

6) We have always been peace-loving and follow our policy in spite of hurdles.

MARK QUESTIONS\

1 What is the Constitution sought for ?

A The Constitution is sought to fulfil multiple goals simultaneously, including making

democracy work, unification and creation of a single political community and
bringing about massive social and economic changes.

2. What was a great achievement ?

A The setting of a national goals and putting in place institutional mechanisms to

achieve them within a relatively short span of time was undoubtely a great
achievement for a people who had been ruled by foreign power for more than two
centuries.

& How can you say that first general elections were immensely significant for Indian
democracy ? A The first elections were difficult because of the social dimensions
also. j| Why was an Election Commission set up ?

A An Election Commission was set up to take care of the practical matters of

conducting elections across the length and breadth of the country.

C&X Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.M.)

Mega Study Material

I. Which political party secured less seats ?

A Ganatantra Parlshad party secured less number of seats i.e., 6.

Z What are the total number of seats that were elected ?

A The total number of seats that were elected are 489.

3. How many seats were secured by Indian National Congress ?

A Indian National Congress Secured the maximum 364 seats.

4. Which political party secured 16 seats ?

A Communist Party of India secured 16 seats.

5. How many seats were secured by Kissan Majdoor Party ?

A Kissan Majdoor Party secured 9 seats.

2. Observe the given pie diagram and answer the following questions.

1. What were the total number of seats that were elected ?

A The total number of seats that were elected were 494.

2. Which party secured maximum number of seats ?

A Indian National Congress secured maximum number of

seats.

3. How many seats were secured by Communist Party of India ?

A Communist Party of India secured 29 seats.

4. Which party secured minimum of seats ?

A Socialists Party secured minimum number of seats.

5. How many seats were secured by others ?

A Others secured 27 seats.

3. Analyse the advantages and problems faced by the people due to the Multi-party
system in India.

A 1) In the first three general elections in 1952,1957 and 1962 the Congress Party
won and led to single party dominance.

2) It was a kind of undemocratic situation marked by the absence of other political

parties.

3) To strengthen the democratic foundations multi-party system emerged.

4) It almost checked the single party dominance of Congress.

5) The oppositions started critisizing the government.

6) People now have chance to choose the right party.

7) Multi-party system strengthens the constitutional frame work and democracy.

4. Read the following and comment on it

The partition of the country on the basis of religion had created doubts and fears
about the security and stability of India in the minds of the leadership. There was
the fear that language reorganisation would lead to break up of the country. Hence,
even though the Congress itself was organised on the linguistic lines and had
promised to restructure the country on those lines, it developed cold feet when
independence came. ' | n | | ,

ilgPX Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.MQ

QD

1962
KSS?"- is^I

SSrWi.

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a i) The partition of India created a lot of insecurity In the minds of the people.

[ 2) How to maintain the integrity of the country became a burning topic.

; 3) There was a fear that the language reorganization would lead to breakup of the
country.

4) But state reorganization committee was established.

5) Reorganization Act was passed in 1956.

6) Our leaders took initiative in this direction and regional languages were
recognized as state official language.

7) English was given the status of communicating language.

8) Hence linguistic reorganization did not create any problem.

5 Read the information and answer the following questions.

1952 1962
Q- Compare the above Pie diagrams.

jfr 1) The above pie diagrams reveal the fact that there was an undemocratic
situation marked by the absence of other political parties.

I 2) In both the election the Congress won maximum seats, i.e. 364 in 1952 and 361
in 1962 election.

| 3) Other parties were unable to challenge the Congress.

4) Ganatantra Parishad Party secured less seats in 1952 whereas Socialist Party
secured less : seats in 1962 elections.

| 5) The Communist Party of India secured more seats in 1962 i.e. 29 when
compared with 16 in 1952 elections.

1 Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.M.) QQ

Mega Study Material

Indian National

Congress

SooaW

Party M pmM

I Independents

Pnrtlf Ganatantia

Peofiles Democratic

a i) The partition of India created a lot of insecurity In the minds of the people.

[ 2) How to maintain the integrity of the country became a burning topic.

; 3) There was a fear that the language reorganization would lead to breakup of the
country.

4) But state reorganization committee was established.

5) Reorganization Act was passed in 1956.

6) Our leaders took initiative in this direction and regional languages were
recognized as state official language.

7) English was given the status of communicating language.

8) Hence linguistic reorganization did not create any problem.

5 Read the information and answer the following questions.

1952 1962
Q- Compare the above Pie diagrams.

jfr 1) The above pie diagrams reveal the fact that there was an undemocratic
situation marked by the absence of other political parties.

I 2) In both the election the Congress won maximum seats, i.e. 364 in 1952 and 361
in 1962 election.

| 3) Other parties were unable to challenge the Congress.

4) Ganatantra Parishad Party secured less seats in 1952 whereas Socialist Party
secured less : seats in 1962 elections.

| 5) The Communist Party of India secured more seats in 1962 i.e. 29 when
compared with 16 in 1952 elections.

1 Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.M.) QQ

Mega Study Material
Indian National

Congress

SooaW

Party M pmM

I Independents

Pnrtlf Ganatantia

Peofiles Democratic

OBJECTIVE ASSIGNMENT)
| choose the correct answer and write its letter in the brackets.

I Who was tiie first Prime Minister of India ?

I A) M.K. Gandhi

B) B. Rajendra Prasad

I c) B.R. Ambedkar D) Jawaharlal Nehru

1 first States Reorganisation Commission was set up in j A) 1952 B) 1956

1953

K States Reorganisation Act was passed in parliament in I A) 1956

C) 1950

C)

B) 1952

4. Panchsheel policy was signed by these countries A) China, England B) India,

China C) India, England

5. Political Party which was dominant in Anti-Hindi Agitation I A) Assam Gana

Parishat
B) Siromani Akali Dal

I C) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

D)Shivasena

6. Green Revolution was technocratic strategy between I A) 1954 - 57

C ) 1968 - 74

B) 1964 - 67

7. Rise of regional parties marked in the elections in H A) 1967

C) 1957

B>1971

I A war between India and Pakistan to liberate Bangladesh was started in I A) 1948
B) 1993
C)1965
D) 1971

I The Congress Prime Minister who took 'left turn' was

A) Jawaharlal Nehru

i C) Indira Gandhi

B) Lai Bahadur Sastry

D) Rajiv Gandhi

10. Indira Gandhi used slogan 'Garibi Hatao' in this general election year I A) ^967
B) 1971
C) 1977

B| Women in Switzerland got the right to vote in-

I A) 1961

B) 1971

C) 1870

E First General elections in India were held in-

A) 1947

B) 1948

C) 1950

D)1952

;/

P* Who of the following is not a member of the State Reorganization Commission_

I A) S.V. Patel

B) Fazl All

C) K.M. Panikkar

B Official Language Act was passed in-

j A) 1962

B) 1963

C) 1964

D) 1952

D) Hridaynath Kunzru

Hie states and the union territories created by SRC were_

A) 14 States, 6 UTs ^ States, 7 UTs

114 States, 7 UTs

D) 20 States, 6 UTs

8 Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.M.)

(C)

(A)

(B)

(C)
D) 1950 D) 1953

D) China, Japan
D) 1975-79 D) 1962
(A) (0 )

<>
D) 1980 D) 1951
(A)

(8)

(A)
Mega Study Material

OBJECTIVE ASSIGNMENT)
| choose the correct answer and write its letter in the brackets.

I Who was tiie first Prime Minister of India ?

I A) M.K. Gandhi

B) B. Rajendra Prasad

I c) B.R. Ambedkar D) Jawaharlal Nehru

1 first States Reorganisation Commission was set up in j A) 1952 B) 1956

1953

K States Reorganisation Act was passed in parliament in I A) 1956

C) 1950

C)

B) 1952

4. Panchsheel policy was signed by these countries A) China, England B) India,

China C) India, England

5. Political Party which was dominant in Anti-Hindi Agitation I A) Assam Gana

Parishat
B) Siromani Akali Dal

I C) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

D)Shivasena

6. Green Revolution was technocratic strategy between I A) 1954 - 57

C ) 1968 - 74

7. Rise of regional parties marked in the elections in H A) 1967

C) 1957

B) 1964 - 67

B>1971

I A war between India and Pakistan to liberate Bangladesh was started in I A) 1948
B) 1993
C)1965
D) 1971

I The Congress Prime Minister who took 'left turn' was

A) Jawaharlal Nehru

i C) Indira Gandhi

B) Lai Bahadur Sastry

D) Rajiv Gandhi

10. Indira Gandhi used slogan 'Garibi Hatao' in this general election year I A) ^967
B) 1971
C) 1977

B| Women in Switzerland got the right to vote in-

I A) 1961

B) 1971

C) 1870

E First General elections in India were held in-

A) 1947

B) 1948

C) 1950

D)1952

;/

P* Who of the following is not a member of the State Reorganization Commission_

I A) S.V. Patel

B) Fazl All

C) K.M. Panikkar

D) Hridaynath Kunzru

B Official Language Act was passed in-

j A) 1962

B) 1963

C) 1964

D) 1952

Hie states and the union territories created by SRC were_

A) 14 States, 6 UTs ^ States, 7 UTs

114 States, 7 UTs

D) 20 States, 6 UTs

8 Class - SOCIAL STUDIES (E.M.)

(C)

(A)

(B)

(C)
D) 1950 D) 1953

D) China, Japan
D) 1975-79 D) 1962
(A) (0 )

<>
D) 1980 D) 1951
(A)

(8)

(A)
Mega Study Material

16. The First Five Year Plan focussed on improving_

A) Industry

B)

C) Agriculture

Employment opportunities

D)

All the above

17. The Second Five Year Plan focussed on_

A) Employment generation

C)

Agriculture

D)

B)

Industry

All the above

18. In 1948 India faced war with over Kashmir.

A) China

B)

Bangladesh C) Afghanistan

D)

Pakistan

19. In India faced war with China.

A) 1965

B)

1948 C)

1962 D)

1971

20. The Prime Minister of India who succeeded Nehru was_

A) Indira Gandhi
D)

M. Desai

(<
(*
)
<D ) (C) ()

B) L.B. Sastry

C) S.V. Patel

//. Fill in the blanks.

1. Women in Switzerland got the right to vote in j|| 7 I_

2. First General elections in India were held in 1*7 11|

3. Members of first State Reorganisation Commission were F1 flit, K'fWK.C&, iji

4. 1st SRC created | States and | Union Terr^ories. |

kvxr\Ztf

5. Land reforms in India were implemented in a | ?<&lfanner.

6. The First Five Year Plan focussed on improving n<frr!rvil Kw*

7. In Second Five Year Plan focus was on 1

8. In 1948 India faced war withdOs.Vji>^ftTbver Kashmir.

9. In \4 A1 India faced war with China.

10La\ UWA\crwas elected as Prime Minister after the death of Nehru.

III. Match the following.

0

iO

Group - A

Group 4B __

1.

Second General Elections [ | ]

2.

Emergency ID J

B)

Indian Foreign Policy

3.

Nehru's death

IA1

Andhra Pradesh

4.

1st linguistic state I 1

Indira Gandhi

5.

Non - Alignment Movement

Group - A

A)

[BI

Group - B

1964

E)

1957

1.

Bangladesh war

A)

Indira Gandhi

2.

Green Revolution

fi)

B)

1962

3.

The left turn i A ]

1973

4.

India-China Wal?

r1j

1971

5.

Arab-lsraeli War

ED

1964 - 67

#**

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