Proceeding ICOME 2015

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
ICOME 2015
The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia, are proudly organizing the 2nd International Conference on
Mechanical Engineering ICOME 2015, with its theme Mechanical Science and Technology for
Sustainable Energy. ICOME 2015, which is held in Bali, Indonesia on September 3-5, 2015, offers a
great opportunity to bring together researchers, scientists, and industrial professionals around the
globe to exchange new ideas and information. It also provides a forum to discuss the most recent
development and trends in mechanical science and engineering related fields.
It is our pleasure to present this ICOME 2015 Participant Guide Book. This book includes the keynote
abstracts, conference schedule, details of parallel sessions and venue layout.
All papers which are presented in the conference will be published in the nominated journals.
Therefore, all of the accepted papers have been thoroughly peer reviewed by experts in the related
area in order to meet the scientific publication standards.
On behalf of the conference organizers, we would like to thank all of the authors who have spent
tremendous amount of time to contribute their findings. We also would like to highly appreciate all
of the reviewers for their dedications, comments and suggestions such that the accepted papers
have met the international journal standard. The last but not least, we gratefully acknowledge the
committee members, individuals and sponsors for their supports and contributions in ICOME 2015.
We hope this conference enriches your research and knowledge, and you enjoy your stay in Bali!
Sincerely yours,
ICOME 2015 Committee
Advisory Committee
Rector of ITS Surabaya, Indonesia
Dean of Industrial Technology Faculty ITS, Indonesia
Dr. Bambang Pramujati (ITS, Indonesia)
Prof. Jiing Yih Lai (NCU, Taiwan)
Prof. I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya (UNUD, Indonesia)
Organizing Committee
General Chair
General Co-Chair
Program Chair
Program Co-Chair
Finance Chair
Finance Co-Chair
Finance Advisor
Publication Chair
Publication Co-Chair
Publicity Chair
Publicity Co-Chair
Publicity Co-Chair
Publicity Co-Chair
: Dr. Bambang Arip Dwiyantoro

: Dr. Unggul Wasiwitono
: Vivien Suphandani, PhD.
: Moch. Solichin, MT.
: Dr. Wiwiek Hendrowati
: Ika Dewi Wijayanti, MSc
: Indra Sidharta, MSc.
: Alief Wikarta, PhD
: Dinny Harnany, MSc.
: Arif Wahjudi, PhD.
: Aida Annisa Amin Daman, MT.
: Dedy Zulhidayat Noor, PhD
: Ari Kurniawan Saputra, MT.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................................... 1
Keynote speech abstracts................................................................................................................... 8
Conference Program ........................................................................................................................ 13
Parallel session 1 .......................................................................................................................... 16
Energy, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow................................................................................................ 28
Engine test stand layout and post processing tools for the detection of many engine performance
parameters .................................................................................................................................. 29
Flame Stability Measurement on Rectangular Slot Meso-scale Combustor ...................................... 30
The Effect of Nitrogen on Flame Characteristics in Biogas External Premixed Combustion ................ 31
Waste Fish Oil Biodiesel Production and Its Performace in Diesel Engine ......................................... 32
Influence of the compression ratio and injection timing on Sinjai Engine Performance with 50%
BioethanolGasoline blended fuel ................................................................................................. 33
Optimization of WaterScrubbingMethod for Enhancement of Biogas Quality through Base Solutions
Addition....................................................................................................................................... 34
Experimental Study of Thermal Efficiency on Plate-Fin Solar Thermal Collector ................................ 35
Effect of Number of Transfer Unit of Heat Exchangers on the System Performance of an Organic
Rankine Cycle System ................................................................................................................... 36
Experimental Study the Effect of Angle of Blade Inclination on Coal Swirl Fluidized Bed Drying ......... 37
Effect ofMassFlowRateon aDryerRoomRadiator Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer............................ 38
Flow and Heat Transfer Enhancement Around Staggered Tubes Using Rectangular Vortex Generators
.................................................................................................................................................... 39
Improved Junction Temperature Measurement for High Power LED ................................................ 40
Bottom Shear Stress and Bed Load Sediment Transport Formula for Modeling the Morphological
Change in the Canal Water Intake.................................................................................................. 41
Base aspect ratio effects on resonant fluid sloshing in a rectangular tank......................................... 42
Synthesis of BiFeO3 Nanoparticle and Single Phase by Sol-Gel Process for Multiferroic Material ...... 43
Numerical Simulation of vortex-induced vibration using OpenFOAM ............................................... 44
Numerical Modeling of Vortex-induced Vibration in Turbulent Flow ................................................ 45
The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 1
Characteristics of Decompression Tank Internally Pressurized With Water Using Ope nFOAM ........... 46
A CFD Analysis of the Viscous Fluid Behavior of Glycerin in Various of Stirring Patterns.................... 47
Characteristics Of Two Phase Fluid Flow In Pipe Bends.................................................................... 48
Effect of Impeller Condition on Blower Performance, Case Study : Impeller of K-2201 in PT.
PERTAMINA RU III......................................................................................................................... 49
Bottom Shear Stress and Bed Load Sediment Transport Due to Irregular Wave Motion .................... 50
Design of NACA 4415 Taperless Twistless Wind Turbine Blade Using Twist Optimization for Indonesia
Wind Characteristics..................................................................................................................... 51
Rheology Margarine on Non-Newtonian Fluid Proving Through Small Gap ...................................... 52
Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Stall Behavior on Single Bladed Darrieus Turbine Airfoil Section 53
Experimental Study of the Cross flow Turbine ................................................................................ 54
Analysis of Turbulence Characteristics in the Laminar Sub-Layer Region of a Perturbed Turbulent
Boundary Layer ............................................................................................................................ 55
Model of Ground Water Elevation Around Mud Reservoir in Coastal Area of Porong Sidoarjo ........... 56
Numerical simulation of cross-flow around four circular cylinders in-line square configuration near a
plane wall .................................................................................................................................... 57
CFD based investigations into optimization of diffuser angle on rear bus body ................................ 58
Numerical Studies of The Influence of Tube Bank Configuration In A Staggered Arrangement of Tubes
to Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Fluid .......................................................................... 59
Test Equipment Design of Thermosyphon Effects On Passive Solar Water Heating System ............... 60
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Solar Water Heater Collector with Addition
Wavy Fins on Pipe......................................................................................................................... 61
The Role of Heterogeneous Nucleation in Water Based Phase Change Material for Medium
Temperature Refrigeration............................................................................................................ 62
Performance Modeling of A Wave Energy Converter: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gelombang Laut
Sistem Bandulan (PLTGL-SB) ....................................................................................................... 63
Strategy in reducing the pace of the greenhouse gas emission from the electricity sector in Southeast
Sulawesi....................................................................................................................................... 64
Calculation of Potential Wind Power in Indonesia by Using High Altitude Wind Energy method ........ 65
Feasibility Analyses of Grid/Wind/PV Hybrid Systems for Industrial Application............................... 66
Cooling Load Estimation to Determine the Proper Capacity of Air Conditioners in the Engineering
Building at Engineering Academy of Soroako .................................................................................. 67
The variety of furniture arrangement inside apartment unit around Jabodetabek area to improve
COPc............................................................................................................................................ 68
CFD analysis on thermal comfort and indoor air quality affected by partitions in air-conditioned
building........................................................................................................................................ 69
Analysis of Effect of Sub Cooling Performance of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System With
Cooling Load Variation.................................................................................................................. 70
Performance Improvement Using Subcooling on Freezer with R22 and R290 as Refrigerant for Various
Ambient Temperatures................................................................................................................. 71
Numerical Investigation on Ejector as an Expansion Device Using R290 in Residential Air Conditioner
for Various Cooling Capacity.......................................................................................................... 72
Improvement of Savonius Blade to Overcome Dead Band on Hybrid VAWT Savonius-Darrieus for New
and Renewable Energy Cluster for Tropical Country........................................................................ 73
A Couple of Savonius Wind Mill and Centrifugal Reaction Pump as a Wind Energy Water Pump System
.................................................................................................................................................... 74
Simulation Savonius Wind Turbine with Multi-Deflector ................................................................. 76
The Dynamic Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Type H .................................................. 77
Investigation Of Factors Affecting Power Curve Wind Turbine Blade ................................................ 78
Numerical study of mixed convection around a heated circular cylinder .......................................... 79
Convective Regimes on Porous Media within Sudden Changed Channel Due to Tangential Gas Flow . 80
Predicting Temperature Profile and Temperature History for Varied Parameters of a Welding Process
Using Rosenthals Approach for Semi-infinite Solid ......................................................................... 81
Extraction of Essential Oils from Patchouli Plant Using Advanced Techniques of Microwave -Assisted
Hydrodistillation........................................................................................................................... 82
The Utilization of Paraffin And Beeswax as Heat Energy Storage in Infant Incubator ......................... 83
Efficiency of Household Gas Stove by Optimizing Gap of Pan and Stove Cover.................................. 84
Design Concept of Small Long-Life PWR Using Thorium Fuel M........................................................ 85
The Effect of Pretreatment and Variety of Microorganisms to the Production of Ethanol from Coffee
Pulp ............................................................................................................................................. 86
DEGRADATION OF GLYCEROL WITH SONICATION METHOD: the influence of the addition of a
heterogeneous catalyst................................................................................................................. 87
The Effect of Nitrogen Stress in Medium for Increasing Carbohydrate as A Bioethanol Source and
Carotenoid as An Antioxidant from Chlorella Zofingiensis Culture.................................................... 88
The Effect of Rumen and Mixed Microorganism (Rumen and Effective Microorganism) on Biogas
Productionfrom Rice Straw Waste ................................................................................................. 89
Study of Composition of Water Mulsion Fuel by Taguchi Experimental Method ............................... 90
The Calorific Values of Solid and Liquid Yields Consequenced by Temperatures of Mahogany Pyrolysis
.................................................................................................................................................... 91
The Effect of CO2 Fraction on the Flame Stability of Biogas Premixed Flame ................................... 92
Design and Modeling Pile Breakwater for LNG Jetty at Senoro Field, Central Sulawesi ..................... 93
Mechanical Design, Structure, Vibration ........................................................................................... 94
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Hydro-Magneto-Electric-Regenerative Shock
Absorber...................................................................................................................................... 95
Peristaltic Mechanism to Mimic The Esophageal Swallowing Process............................................... 96
Thrust Force of Three Circular Windings of Conductor in Magnetic Field .......................................... 97
An Improved Load-Displacement Prediction For A Coned Disc Spring Using The Engergy Method...... 98
Stress Analysis for a Substrate Holder Module and Thin Films Grown in an MOCVD Reactor ............. 99
Analysis of the Influence of Hydraulic Cylinder Diameter to the Total Damping Force and the
Generated Electricity of Regenerative Shock Absorber.................................................................. 100
Response Reduction of Two DOF Shear Structure Using TMD and TLCD by Considering Absorber Space
Limit and Fluid Motion................................................................................................................ 101
Anchor Strength Analysis for Mooring of a Floating Breakwater in Senoro Field, Central Sulawesi ... 102
Mechanical Analysis of the Prosthetic Knee in Flexion................................................................... 103
Finite element analysis of asymmetric stent for treatment of eccentric plaque .............................. 104
An Improved Energy Based Load-Displacement Prediction for Slotted Disc Spring .......................... 105
Influence of Spring Ratio on Variable Stiffness and Damping Suspension System Performance........ 106
Design and Modeling Fender System for Condensate and Sulphuric Acid Jetty at Senoro Field, Central
Sulawesi..................................................................................................................................... 107
Modeling of a Shell Eco-marathon vehicle based on drive-train characteristic and driver modes to
predict fuel consumption of the vehicle on a specific track............................................................ 108
Study the effects of adjustment of highest and lowest SOC allowed in battery on fuel consumption
and emission of series hybrid vehicle using ADVISOR .................................................................... 109
Simulation Of Two Segments Crash Box Subjected To Frontal Load................................................ 110
Experimental Study And Analysis Of The Generated Electric Power of Salter Duck-Ocean Wave Energy
Harvester (OWEH) Due To Additional Weight Change and Wave Amplitude ................................... 111
Analysis of Wave Climate Variations Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis Data from 1980 to 2014 To
Support Wave Energy Assessment in Indonesia ............................................................................ 112
Simplicity Design of Hybrid Energy of Marine Current and Offshore Wind Energy Plant in Indonesia 113
Material and Metallurgy ................................................................................................................ 114
High Temperature Corrosion of Aluminized AISI 1020 Steel With NaCl and Na 2 SO4 Coatings ........... 115
Investigations of the Mixed Mode Crack Growth Behavior of an Aluminum Alloy ........................... 116
Morphology of crown tube Austenitic Stainless Steel TP316 HTF failure......................................... 117
Effect of Volume Fraction Epoxy-Hollow Glass Microspheres and Curing Temperature Variations on
Compressive Properties of Composites ....................................................................................... 118
Experimental Study Of Electrode Selection Effects On Mechanical Properties Of Underwater Wet
Welded-Joints ............................................................................................................................ 119
Experimental Study Of The Influence Of Quenching And Partitioning Temperature Variation On
Retained Austenite Fraction In AISI 4140 Steel ............................................................................. 120
Aging Behavior in Co-Cr-Mo-C Alloys............................................................................................ 121
The Production Study of Bipolar Plate From Cuprum-Carbon Nanocomposite in Polypropylene Matrix
(PP) for the Fuel Cell Application.................................................................................................. 122
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on the Characteristics of Nitrided Martensitic Stainless Steel AISI 420 . 123
Effect of Composition on the Microporosity, Microstructure, and Macrostructure in the Start-Up
Direct-Chill Casting Billet of Al-Cu Alloys...................................................................................... 124
Metallography Investigation of Dry Corrosion Boiler Tube............................................................. 125
Effects of Deformation and Annealing Temperature on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties
of Cu-32%Zn Brass ...................................................................................................................... 126
The Use of Magnetic Flux to the Welding of Hot Roll Quench Tempered Steel................................ 127
Effect of Variation of Kalium Hydroxide Solution Concentrationand Temperatureto The Corrosion
Resistance of AISI 304, AISI 316, and Copper Alloysin Water Electrolysis Apparatus ........................ 128
Effect of Low Temperature Sintering on the Porosity and Microstructure of Porous Zeolite Ceramic 129
Electrochemical Performances of LiFePO4/C AS Cathode for Aqueous Electrolyte Lithium-Ion Battery
.................................................................................................................................................. 130
Synthesis of BiFeO3 Nanoparticle and Single Phase by Sol-Gel Process for Multiferroic Material ..... 131
Biomechanical Analysis Of Spider Silk For Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction .................... 132
Strength Analysis of ZnO-Al2O3 Nanocomposite for Implant Material Innovation........................... 133
Effect of Carbon Coating on Electrochemical Performances of LiTi2(PO4)3 as Anode for Aqueous
Electrolyte Lithium Ion Battery .................................................................................................... 134
Effect of Temperature And Time of Two-Step Austempering Method on Mechanical Properties for
Nodular Cast Iron ....................................................................................................................... 135
Effect of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Shear Strength of Adhesively Bonded Steel Joints in Wet
Environment .............................................................................................................................. 136
Effect of Fillers Content on Mechanical Strength and Failure Mode of Aluminium Bonded with EpoxyBased Adhesive .......................................................................................................................... 137
Effects of Citric Acid/BaTiO3 Weight Fractions and Time of Sintering in Sol Gel Process on Electric
Saturation Polarization Values and Phase Composition ................................................................. 138
The Effect Of Dromus Oil Level In Cooling Media On Tensile Strength And Microstructure Of St-60
Steel Due toHardening Tempering Process ................................................................................... 139
Friction Stir Welding on Corner Joint With New Surface Preparation Design................................... 140
Influence of Argon-Nitrogen Gas to balance the microstructure in the welding of Super Duplex
Stainless Steel ............................................................................................................................ 141
Manufacturing............................................................................................................................... 142
Development of technology for rolling and smoothing with heating the inner sides of cylindrical holes
to improve the quality of workpieces in the machine building. ...................................................... 143
Investigation of Risk Based Decision Making for Mobile Mooring System ....................................... 144
Characteristics of Electrode Materials on Machining Performance of Tool Steel SKD11 with EDM
Shinking ..................................................................................................................................... 145
Relationship Model for an Automotive Sustainable Supply Chain .................................................. 146
Numerical simulation of cutting stress deformation in tungsten carbide turning tools .................... 147
Flexible and Ergonomically Three Wheel Bike For Post Stroke Patient ............................................ 148
Improving the Injection Molding of Small Optical Elements by Integrating Reverse Engineering and
Mold Flow Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 149
Evaluation of Delay Factors in Jacket Structure Project ................................................................. 150
Injection Molding Process Simulation of Tensile Strength and Impact Specimen Test...................... 151
Small Bussiness Simulation.......................................................................................................... 152

An Innovative Concept to Improve the Muffler Performance Using Automated Mechanical IRIS ..... 153
The Effect of Welding Time and Welding Currents on Weld Nugget and Tensile Properties of Thin
Aluminum A1100 by Micro Resistance Spot Welding .................................................................... 154
Optimization of Cable Ties Injection Molding Process Using Back Propagation Neural Network and
Genetic Algorithm (BPNN-GA) ..................................................................................................... 155
Anti-plane Interaction of a Coated Circular Inclusion with a Crack Located in Matrix....................... 156
Optimization Of Multiple Performance Characteristics in EDM Process of HPM 38 Steel Using
Response Surface Methodology And Non-Linear Programming ..................................................... 157
A Waste Relationship Matrix Model for Better Green Lean Product in Water Processing ................ 158
Multiple-Performance Optimization of Drilling Parameters And Tool Geometries in Drilling GFRP
Composite Stacks Using Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) Method................................. 159
Tempering Process Gradually to Improve Quality Tool .................................................................. 160
Multi Response Optimization using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Method in Drilling of Kevlar Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (KFRP) Stacked .............................................................................................................. 161
The Effects of Pulse On Time and Arc On Time on Surface Quality in Wire- EDM of ASSAB XW-42 and
ASSAB 8407 2M Tool Steels ......................................................................................................... 162
Modeling of Well Service and Workover to Optimize Scheduling of Oil Well Maintenance .............. 163
Optimization Of Multi Response Using Taguchi Grey-Fuzzy End Milling Process Material ASSAB XW-42
With Liquid Nitrogen Cooling....................................................................................................... 164
Groove Overhang Impact on the Result of Surface Roughness on Vertical CNC Milling Process........ 165
Optimization of Multiple Response Characteristics in the WEDM Process of Bude rus 2379 ISO-B Tool
Steel Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Logic Method .............................................................................. 166
Simulation Of Ironing Process For Bullet Case To Get Minimum Forming Force With Variation Of Die
Angle And Reduction Wall Thickness............................................................................................ 167
Modelling and Simulation Analysis of Solenoid Valve for Spring Constant Influence to Dynamic
Response ................................................................................................................................... 168
Optimization ofMultiple Performance Characteristics inWire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM)
Processof Buderus 2080 Tool Steel Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Method .......................................... 170
A Review Paper on Product Surface Defect Detection of Ironing Process........................................ 171
Parametric Optimization Of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process On AISI H13 TOOL Steel Using
Weighted Principal Component Analysis (WPCA) And Taguchi Method .......................................... 172
The Influence Of Binder Variation Using Eruption Kelud Sand On Sand Mold Strength, Quality And
Fluidity Results On Al-Si Metal Casting ......................................................................................... 173
Optimization of Multi Response Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy of Cryogenic Cooling in Face Milling
Material ASSAB XW42 ................................................................................................................. 174
Mechatronics and Control System.................................................................................................. 175
Reconfiguration of modular robotic system MECABOT ............................................................ 176
Dimensionally Homogeneous Jacobian and Conditioning Number ................................................. 177
Navigation and Guidance Control System of AUV with Trajectory Estimation of Linear Modelling.... 178
Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation and Digital Control of Double Inverted Pendulum ..................... 179
Inverse Kinematics Modelling for Writing Robot Control Using ANFIS ............................................ 180
Type Synthesis of Two DOF Hybrid Translational Parallel Manipulators.......................................... 181
Keynote speech abstracts
Technology is The Key Enabler for Energy Sustainability

Lukman Mahfoedz
PT. Medco Energi Internasional Tbk.
Nearly half of 7.7 million barrel oil equivalent per day of primary energy Indonesia needs in 2025 will
have to come from oil and gas. In the present day, oil and gas production level at around 2.2 million
barrel oil equivalent per day, which keeps declining, , should alert the government that urgency of
action is needed to secure Indonesias future energy supply and energy sustainability. To provide 47% of
total primary energy need in 2025, or 3.7 million barrels oil equivalent per day, is to be the main growth
engine of Indonesia. Current estimate puts 2.5 million barrel oil equivalent per day gap between
demand and supply in 2025.
The era of easy oil or gas is over. According to WoodMac study, 75% of the potential resources are
located offshore (shallow and deep water) in East Indonesia region, the likes of which will need technical
expertise, massive funding and advance technology. Furthermore, around 85% of the existing reserves
of hydrocarbons are of gas while only 15% are of oil, which means infrastructure is critically required to
develop them. In addition, the hydrocarbon source identified in several blocks are technically
challenging due to high content of of CO2 or other impurities that is requiring expensive treating
facilities.
Indonesia future energy supply is still under developed, including coal bed methane potentials of 453
TCF, shale gas potential of 574 TCF, other 17.9 billion BOE of hydrocarbon potential and 121 billion ton
of coal resources. On renewables, Indonesia own 40% of worlds geothermal resources potential of
29,000 MW, hydro power potential of 75,000 MW, Biomass of 49,810 MW and huge renewable
resources from biofuel, solar, wind and ocean energy.
Any future development of the remaining resources calls for advanced technology support, higher
investments, special expertise, as well as simpler bureaucracy to shorten reserve monetization process.
Technology plays an important role to monetize hydrocarbon potentials and to increase energy supply.
New technology invention in hydraulic fracturing created rapid development of shale resources in US
and become the leader of shale oil and gas producer in the world which its oil production reached 10
million bopd. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) utilizes chemical to ease remaini ng hydrocarbon into
production and new technology to process high CO2 gas are also required to accelerate monetization of
huge hydrocarbon potential in Indonesia.
Our challenges are how to invent new technology to develop remaining energy resources in Indonesia as
well as how to implement technology mastering. Technology requires significant investment through
research and development. Academics play key important role in technology invention and should
become the center of research and development. Indonesia requires a new partnership breakthrough in
technology invention, where the collaboration among Academia, Business players and Government
would invent and master the required technology to monetize energy potentials for energy
sustainability.
Keywords: technology, oil and gas, deepwater, massive investment, coal bed methane, shale oil/gas,
enhanced oil recovery, geothermal, academia, business player, government.
High Thermal Conductive Composite Containing a Network of Carbon Fiber and

Carbon Nanotube in Aluminum Matrix
Katsuhiko Sasaki
Department of Mechanical and Intelligent System Engineering
Division of Human Mechanical Design and System
Hokkaido University,
Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0608628 Japan
Recently, CNT was used for composite whose base material is aluminum because ranges of industrial
application for the metal based composite material is quite wide. In this paper, high thermal conductive
composite is fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) from aluminum powder and carbon fiber (CF).
The 10wt% of aluminum-silicon alloy is added to the aluminum powder for the improvement of the
interface adherence between CF and aluminum. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is also dispersed on CF fillers
for further improvement of the thermal conductivity of the composite. As a result, the composites
fabricated have about three times higher thermal conductivity than the pure aluminum. Especially, a
small amount dispersion of CNT into CF leads to the large improvement of the thermal conductivity.
Analyses of finite element method (FEM) are conducted to understand mechanisms of the improvement
of thermal conductivity by the dispersion of CNT. The FEM analysis shows that CF-CNT networks play
important roles for the improvement of the thermal conductivity. The effect of the thermal conductivity
on the thermal efficiency of the cooling system of IGBT is also investigated by FEM as one of applications
of the composite. The effect of the thermal anisotropy is, especially, focused on to show the important
role of the thermal anisotropy. Moreover, a method to improve the thermal conductivity of the
composite is shown to decrease the fabrication costs by decreasing in the usage of CF and CNT. Control
of alignments of VGCF is chosen for the method. The alignment is controlled by the contraction flow
made by a contraction channel. The experiments show that the contraction flow is effective to control
the alignment of VGCF.
Key words: Thermal Conductivity, Composite, Carbon nanotube, Finite Element Method, Aluminum
Metal Hydride Based Energy Storage: From Materials to Systems
Volodymyr A. Yartys
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
and
Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway
Hydrogen Cycle based on use of hydrogen and electricity as energy carriers has an advantage of
having a zero emission footprint, complemented by high gravimetric energy density of hydrogen. This
makes hydrogen energy technology a perfect choice for integrating into the mobile and statio nary
energy systems. Metal hydrides offer a safe, convenient and efficient way to reversibly accommodate
large amounts of hydrogen gas thus creating a platform for building hydrogen driven energy systems
where efficiency of reversible conversion of electri city and hydrogen is crucial. A number of
requirements should be addressed to improve the system performance. These include achieving high
volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen densities; improved energy efficiency of hydrogen production,
storage and conversion into electricity; decreased costs and increased life time of hydrogen energy
storage.
The talk will review our recent studies of two applications of the metal hydrides including (a) Thermally
driven MH compression of hydrogen gas and (b) High power metal hydride batteries. Nanostructuring
and synthesis of nanocomposites have been successfully applied as the ways to improve the rates of
hydrogen exchange during the exothermic/endothermic hydrogen charge and discharge in the hydrogen
storage and compression units and the rates of the electrode charge and discharge in the metal hydride
batteries. We will present the data of in situ neutron scattering characterization of the metal-hydrogen
systems during hydrogen absorption and desorption at applied pressures reaching 1000 bar H2 and of
charge-discharge of the metal hydride electrodes at high current densities. These data allowed to model
the mechanism and kinetics of the processes of hydrogen exchange in the metal hydrides and to
optimize their performance. Finally, various approaches in improving the operation of the metal hydride
compressors and rechargeable batteries will be presented and the future trends of the development in
the area will be outlined.
Application of Numerical Simulation to Silicon Crystal Growth Process
Jyh-Chen Chen
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, 32001, Taiwan
The photovoltaic (PV) system installation is booming since 2010. The large-scale PV generation costs
already compare with conventional electricity production today. One of major contributions is due to
the development of the silicon growth techniques, which are able to produce the high quality and low
cost silicon wafer of solar cells. In this study, the numerical simulation technique is used to understand
the heat, flow and impurity transport during the process of silicon growth. Two main crystal growth
methods are investigated: Czochralski (CZ) and Directional Solidification (DS). The CZ method is
commonly used in industry for producing the mono silicon crystal, while the DS one is widely adopted
for manufacturing the multicrystalline silicon ingot. The oxygen impurities can be incorporated into the
mono silicon crystal during the CZ process leading to degeneration in the performance of solar cells.
Through the numerical simulation, we are able to understand the transport mechanisms of oxygen
impurities during the CZ growth process and achieve the lower and homogeneous oxygen concentration
in the silicon crystal by adjusting the furnace structure and the operational parameters during the
growth process. On the other hand, the challenge of the DS method is how to grow larger ingot with
higher yield and quality. To achieve this goal, the slightly convex shape of the melt-solid interface during
the DS growth process is required. The best m-c interface shape for growing the 800 kg silicon ingot can
be attained by the suitable modification of furnace structure.
Keywords: silicon solar cells, numerical simulation, Czochralski crystal growth, directional solidification
growth
Conference Program
The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
Wednesday, September 2, 2015

15.00-18.00
Registration
The Denpasar Ballroom
Thursday, September 3, 2015

08.00 - 08.30
08.30 - 09.00
09.00 - 09.45
Registration
Opening Ceremony
Keynote speech I:
Ir. Lukman Mahfoedz
Moderato r: Budi Uto mo K. Widodo
09.45- 10.30
Keynote speech II:

Prof. Katsuhiko Sasaki
Moderato r: Unggul Wasiwitono
10.30 - 10.45
Coffee Break
10.45 - 11.30
Keynote speech III:

Prof. Volodymyr Yartys
Moderato r: Su warno
11.30 - 12.15
Keynote speech IV:

Prof. Jyh-Chen, Chen
Moderato r: Bobby Oedy P. Soepangkat
12.15 - 13.30
Lunch
13.30 - 15.00
Parallel Session 1
15.00 - 15.15
Coffee Break
15.15 - 17.15
Parallel Session 2
19.00 - 21.00
GALA DINNER
Friday, September 4, 2015

08.00 - 08.30
Registration
08.30 - 10.00
Parallel session 3
10.00 - 10.15
Coffee break
10.15 - 11.30
Parallel session 4
11.30 - 13.30
Lunch
13.30 - 15.00
Parallel session 5
15.00 - 15.15
Coffee break
15.15 - 17.00
Parallel session 6
Saturday, September 5, 2015

08.00-20.00
Tour (Optional, at additional cost)

Parallel session 1 : 13.30 - 15.00
13.30 - 13.45
Room A
Room B
Energy, Heat Trans fer and Fluid Flow
Chai r : Budi Utomo K. Widodo
Chai r: Mi ng-Jyh Chern
10
Engine test s tand la yout and pos t processing tools
for the detection of many engine performance
pa ra meters
80
Experi mental Study of Thermal Effi ciency on Pla te Fi n Sola r Thermal Collector
Marco Bietresato, Massimiliano Renzi, Simone

Mischiatti and Fabrizio Mazzetto
36
Fla me Stability Measurement on Rectangula r Slot
Meso-s cale Combus tor
Tri Ayodha Ajiwiguna, Tesla Hamonangan and

Muhammad Ramdlan Kirom
97
Effect of Number of Trans fer Unit of Hea t Exchangers
on the Sys tem Performa nce of an Organic Rankine
Cycl e Sys tem
Satworo Adiwidodo, I.N.G. Wardana, Lilis Yuliati

and Mega Nur Sasongko
125
The Effect of Ni trogen on Flame Cha racteris ti cs in
Bi ogas External Premi xed Combus tion
Chien-Yuh Yang and Alireza Jafari
Willyanto Anggono, Fandi Dwiputra Suprianto,

Kenny Purnomo, Tan Hartanto and Tubagus Wijaya
134
Was te Fish Oil Biodiesel Production and Its
Performa ce in Diesel Engine
Melvin E. Simanjuntak, Prabowo and Ahmad Sefriko
Kusmiyati, Triana Retno Pratiwi and Tri Wulandari

227
Influence of the compression ra tio and injection
timing on Sinjai Engine Performance wi th 50%
Bi oethanol Gasoline blended fuel
Mirmanto Mirmanto, Emmy Sulistyowati and I Ketut

Okariawan
156
Fl ow and Hea t Transfer Enhancement Around
Sta ggered Tubes Using Rectangula r Vortex
Genera tors
Bambang Sudarmanta, Bambang Junipitoyo, Ary

Bachtiar Krisna Putra and I. Nyoman Sutantra
166
Opti miza tion Of Wa ter Scrubbing Method For
Enha ncement Of Biogas Quali ty
Prabowo Prabowo, Melvin Emil S. and Nanang R,

Rizki Anggiansyah.
130
Improved Junction Tempera ture Measurement for
Hi gh Power LED
Hendry Sakke Tira, Yesung Allo Padang, Tri

Rachmanto and Ahmad Alfan Syahida
Tri Ayodha Ajiwiguna, Hun Sik Han and Seo Young

Kim
13.45 - 14.00
110
Experi mental Study The Effect of Angle of Blade
Inclina tion on Coal Swirling Fluidi zed Bed Drying
14.00 - 14.15
126
Effect of Mass Flow Ra te on a Dryer Room Radia tor
Pressure Drop and Hea t Transfer
14.15 - 14.30
14.30 - 14.45
14.45 - 15.00

Parallel session 1 : 13.30 - 15.00
Room C
Room D
Mechani cal Design, Structure, Vibra tion
Manufa cturi ng
Chai r: Alief Wika rta
Chai r: Jiing-Yih Lai
15
Experi mental Study on the Dyna mic Cha ra cteristi cs
of Hydro-Ma gneto-Electri c-Regenera ti ve Shock
Absorber
32
Development of technol ogy for rolling and
smoothing wi th hea ting the inner sides of cylindri cal
holes to improve the quality of workpieces in the
ma chine building.
Harus Laksana Guntur and Wiwiek Hendrowati

6
Peris talti c mechanism to mi mi c the esophageal
swallowi ng process
Kotelnikov V.I, Koshurina A.A, Gavrilov G.N and

Chernyshov D.A
46
Investi ga tion of Risk Based Decision Making for
Mobile Mooring Sys tem
Alberto Caballero Ruiz, Juan Alejandro HernandezAngulo, Monserrat Ramirez-Calera, Gabriel Ascanio
and Leopoldo Ruiz-Huerta
50
Thrust Force of Three Ci rcula r Windings of
Conductor in Magneti c Field
Silvianita Silvianita, Mohd Faris Khamidi, Kriyo

Sambodho, Nur Syahroni, Yeyes Mulyadi and
Muhammad Zikra
174
Cha ra cteris ti cs of Electrode Ma terials on Ma chining
Performa of Tool Steel SKD11 wi th EDM Sinking
Sigit Iswahyudi and Wandi Arnandi

95
An Improved Load-Displa cement Predi ction for A
Coned Dis c Spri ng using the Energy Method
Suhardjono Suhardjono
89
Rela tionship Model for a Sustainable Automoti ve
Suppl y Chain
Noor Fawazi and Jung-Youn Lee
Halim Shah Hamzah, Shari Mohd Yusof, Muhammad

Zameri Mat Saman and Rozetta Dolah
119
Numeri cal simula tion of cutting s tress deforma tion
in tungs ten ca rbide turning tools
13.30 - 13.45
13.45 - 14.00
14.00 - 14.15
14.15 - 14.30
14.30 - 14.45
14.45 - 15.00
17
Stress Anal ysis for a Subs tra te Holder Module and
Thin Fil ms Grown in an MOCVD Rea ctor
Shu-Wei Guo and Chih-Kuang Lin

16
Anal ysis of the Influence of Hydrauli c Cylinder
Diameter to the Total Da mping Force and the
Genera ted Electri ci ty of Regenerati ve Shock
Absorber
Pei-Hsing Huang, Jian-Rong Chen and Hong-Zhong Lu

222
Flexi ble And Ergonomi call y Three Wheel Bike For
Pos t Stroke Pa tient
Harus Laksana Guntur
I Made Londen Batan, Syifa and Danny Prasetyo
Thursday, 3 September 2015

Parallel session 2: 15.15 - 17.15
Room A
Room B
Ma terial and Metallurgy
Chai r: Luis Ruiz C rdenas
190
Bottom Shea r Stress and Bed Load Sedi ment
Transport Formula for Modeling the Morphologi cal
Cha nge in the Canal Wa ter Intake
Mohammad Badaruddin, Dwi Asmi and Willy

Adriansyah
19
Investi ga tions of the Mi xed Mode Cra ck Growth
Beha vior of an Aluminum Alloy
Made Mustika Wijaya, Suntoyo and Happy Ayu

Damerianne
28
Base aspect ra tio effects on resonant fluid sloshing in
a rectangular tank
Husaini, Kikuo Kishimoto, Munetsugu Hanji and

Mitsuo Notomi
147
Morphology of crown tube Cr-Ni Austeniti c
Stainless Steel HTF failure
Nima Vaziri and Ming-Jyh Chern
Helena Carolina Kis Agustin, Ika Dewi Wijayanti

and Rakhmat Satrio Wibowo
192
Effect of vol ume fra cti on epoxy-hollow glass
mi crospheres and curi ng tempera ture va ria tion on
compressi ve properties of composites
Yuwono Tri Yogi, Ahmad Tohir and Purwanto

Purwanto
90
Numeri cal Si mula tion of vortex-induced vibra tion
using OpenFOAM
Sutikno None, Wajan Berata, Wahyu Wijanarko

and Indra Sidharta
Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali, Mohamad Hafiz Ismail,

Nurshafinaz Mohd Maruai, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki
Shaikh Salim and Sallehuddin Muhamad
59
Numeri cal Modeling of Vortex-induced Vibra tion in
Turbulent Flow
15.15 - 15.30
15.30 - 15.45
15.45 - 16.00
16.00 - 16.15
16.15 - 16.30
16.30 - 16.45
146
Experi mental Study Of The Influence Of Quenching
And Pa rti tioning Tempera ture Va riation On
Retained Austenite Fra ction In AISI 4140 Steel
99
Numeri cal Study of Flow cha ra cteris tics a round an Itype cylinder 53o nea r a plane wall
Wahyu Wijanarko, Wajan Berata, Sutikno and

Indra Sidharta
112
Experi mental Study of Electrode Selection Effects
on Mechani cal Properties of Underwa ter Wet
Welded-Joints
Ming-Jyh Chern, Kamau King'Ora, Giri Nugroho, Dedy

Zulhidayat Noor and Tzyy-Leng Horng
116
Cha ra cteris ti cs of Decompression Tank Internall y
Pressuri zed Wi th Wa ter Using OpenFOAM
Nur Syahroni, Imam Rochani and Harfian Nizar

2
Agi ng beha vior in Co-Cr-Mo-C alloys
Syamsuri
181
A CFD Anal ysis of the Vis cous Fluid Beha vior of
Gl ycerin in Va rious of Sti rri ng Pa tterns
Alfirano Alfirano, Anistasia Milandia and Suryana

Suryana
4
The Production Study of Bipola r Plate From
Cuprum-Ca rbon Nanocomposite in Pol ypropylene
Ma tri x (PP) for the Fuel Cell Applica tion
Retno Wulandari, I.N.G. Wardana, Slamet Wahyudi

and Nurkholis Hamidi
232
Cha ra cteris ti cs Of Two Phase Fluid Flow In Pipe
Bends
Muhammad Fitrullah, A.Herman Yuwono and Sari

Katili
Slamet Wahyudi, Sudjito Soeparman, Rudy Soenoko

and Arief Yunizar R
16.45 - 17.00
17.00 - 17.15
Chai r: Dedy Zulhida ya t Noor
8
Hi gh Tempera ture Corrosion of Alumini zed AISI
1020 Steel With Na Cl and Na 2SO4 Coasting
Thursday, 3 September 2015

Room C
Room D
Manufa cturi ng
Chai r: Ha rus La ksana Guntur
15.15 - 15.30
Chai r: Suha rdjono
63
Response Reduction of Two DOF Shea r Structure
Using TMD and TLCD by Considering Absorber
Spa ce Li mi t and Fluid Motion
13
Improving the Injection Molding of Small Opti cal
Elements by Integra ting Reverse Engineering and
Mol d Flow Analysis
Lovely Son, Mulyadi Bur and Meifal Rusli

23
Anchor Strength Anal ysis for Moori ng of a Floa ting
Breakwa ter In Senoro Field, Central Sulawesi
Jiing-Yih Lai, Yao-Yu Wen and Chin-Hao Liu

124
Evalua tion of Dela y Fa ctors in Jacket Structure
Project
Kriyo Sambodho, Yeyes Mulyadi, M Arif Wicaksono

and Muhammad Zikra
Silvianita Silvianita, Andika Trisna Putra, Daniel M

Rosyid, Dirta Marina Chamelia Chamelia and Imam
Rochani
189
Injection Molding Process Simulation of Tensile
Strength and Impa ct Specimen Tes t
15.30 - 15.45
15.45 - 16.00
16.00 - 16.15
16.15 - 16.30
183
Mechani cal anal ysis of the pros theti c knee in
flexi on
Daniel Castillo Brito, Olga Ramos Sandoval and
Dario Amaya Hurtado
86
Fi nite element anal ysis of as ymmetri c stent for
trea tment of eccentri c plaque
Dinny Harnany, Arif Wahjudi, I Made Londen Batan

and Irma Mappease
64
Small Business Si mulati on
Achmad Syaifudin, Ryo Takeda and Katsuhiko

Sasaki
96
An Improved Energy Based Load-Displa cement
Predi ction for Slotted Disc Spring
Dulat Shukayev, Aggey Semenov , Zhanar Lamasheva

and Ainur Abdikadyrova Abdulllahnovna
133
An Innova ti ve Concept to Improve the Muffler
Performance Using Automa ted Mechani cal Iris
Noor Fawazi and Jung-Youn Lee
Mohammad Ahsan Habib, Ahmad Syed Anwar and

Md. Anayet U. Patwari
138
The Effect of Welding Current and Welding Time to
Nugget Zone and Tensile Properties of Mi cro
Resis tance Spot Welded Thin Aluminum A1100
164
Influence of Spring Ra tio on Variable Sti ffness and
Da mping Suspension Sys tem Performa nce
16.30 - 16.45
16.45 - 17.00
17.00 - 17.15
Unggul Wasiwitono, Agus Sigit Pramono,

I Nyoman Sutantra and Yunarko Triwinarno
22
Design And Modelling Fender Sys tem For
Condensate And Sulphuri c Acid Jetty At Senoro
Field, Central Sulawesi
Ario Sunar Baskoro, Hakam Muzakki and Winarto

Winarto
177
Opti miza tion of Cable Ties Injection Molding Process
Using Ba ck Propa ga tion Neural Network and Geneti c
Algori thm (BPNN-GA)
Muhammad Zikra, Kriyo Sambodho, Teuku Abdul

Manan Syahputra and Yeyes Mulyadi
225
Modeling of a Shell Eco-ma ra thon vehi cle based on
dri ve-train cha ra cteris ti c and dri ver modes to
predi ct fuel consumption of the vehi cle on a
specifi c tra ck.
Arif Wahjudi, Bobby Oedy Pramoedyo Soepangkat

and Yang Fitri Arriyani
157
Anti -plane Intera ction of a Coa ted Ci rcula r Inclusion
wi th a Cra ck Loca ted in Ma tri x
Witantyo Witantyo, Sutikno Sutikno, Diva Aulia

and Habibie Rahman
Alief Wikarta

Room A
Room B

Chai r: Nur Syahroni

Chai r: Tri yogi Yuwono
131
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on the cha ra cteris ti cs
of ni trided Ma rtensi ti c Stainless Steel AISI 420
5
Effect of Impeller Condi tion on Blower Performance,
Case Study : Impeller of K-2201 in PT. Perta mina RU
III
Istiroyah, I.N.G Wardana and D.J Santjojo

163
Effect of Composition on the Mi croporosi ty,
Mi crostructure, and Ma cros tructure in the Sta rtUp Di rect-Chill Casting Billet of Al-Cu Alloys
Hafid Budiman
91
Bottom Shea r Stress and Bed Load Sedi ment
Transport Due to Irregula r Wa ve Motion
S. Suyitno
Suntoyo ., A Haris Fattah, Muhammad Yunan Fahmi,

Taufiqur Rachman and Hitoshi Tanaka
215
Design of NACA 4415 Taperless Twis tless Wind
Turbine Blade Using Twist Opti miza tion for Indonesia
Wi nd Cha ra cteris ti cs
08.30 - 08.45
08.45 - 09.00
182
Metallography Inves tiga tion of Dry Corrosion
Boiler Tube
09.00 - 09.15
09.15 - 09.30
Arif Hariyadi, Helena Carolina Kis Agustin and Ika

Dewi Wijayanti
208
Effects of Deformation and Annealing Tempera ture
on the Mi cros tructures and Mechani cal Properties
of Cu-32%Zn Brass
Felly Rihlat Gibran, Mohamad Safhire and Ahmad

Dien Warits
44
Rheology Ma rga rine On Non-Newtonian Fluid
Proving Through Small Gap
Bondan Tiara Sofyan and Imam Basori
Agus Harijono, I.N.G Wardana, Nurkholis Hamidi and

Denny Widhiyanuriyawan
42
Numeri cal Investi gati on of Dyna mi c Stall Beha vior on
Si ngle Bladed Da rrieus Turbine Ai rfoil Section
140
The Use Of Ma gneti c Flux To The Welding Of Hot
Roll Quench Tempered Steel
09.30 - 09.45
09.45 - 10.00
Sugiarto Sugiarto, Anindito Purnowidodo, Rudy

Soenoko, Yudy Surya Irawan and A. As'Ad Sodief
171
Effect of Va ria tion of Temperature and Electrol yte
Solution Concentra ti on to the Corrosion Resis tance
of AISI 304, AISI 316, and Copper in Wa ter
Electrol ysis Appa ra tus
Go Hutomo, Galih Bangga and Herman Sasongko
Ida Hamidah, Agus Solehudin and Agus Setiawan
Djoko Suti kno, Sudjito Soeparman, Rudy Soenoko and

Slamet Wahyudi
233
Experi mental Study of the Cross flow Turbine

08.30 - 08.45
08.45 - 09.00
09.00 - 09.15
09.15 - 09.30
Room C
Room D

Chai r: Unggul Wasiwi tono
Mechatroni cs a nd Control Sys tem

Chai r: Bobby Oedy P. Soepangkat
193
Study the effects of adjus tment of hi ghes t and
lowest SOC allowed in battery on fuel
consumption and emission of series hybri d vehi cle
using ADVISOR
114
Reconfigura tion of modula r roboti c s ys tem
MECABOT
Rendy Rachmanto, I Nyoman Sutantra, Bambang

Sudarmanta and Unggul Wasiwitono
Ricardo Andrs Castillo Estepa, Oscar Fernando

Avils Sanchez, Oscar Gerardo Rubiano Montaa and
Germn Andrs Vargas Torres
122
Di mensionall y Homogeneous Ja cobian and
Condi tioning Number
179
Si mula tion Of Two Segments Crash Box Subjected
To Frontal Load
Moch. Agus Choiron and Sudjito

98
Experi mental Study And Anal ysis Of The Genera ted
Electri c Power of Salter Duck Type-Ocean Wa ve
Energy Ha rves ter (OWEH) Due To Addi tional
Weight Change and Wa ve Amplitude
Latifah Nurahmi and Stphane Caro

145
Na viga tion and Guidance Control Sys tem of AUV
wi th Tra jectory Es ti mati on of Linea r Modelling
Wiwiek Hendrowati and Harus Laksana Guntur
Teguh Herlambang, Eko Budi Djatmiko and Hendro

Nurhadi
151
Ha rdwa re-In-The-Loop Simulation and Digi tal Control
of Double Inverted Pendulum
18
Anal ysis of Wa ve Cli ma te Va ria tions based on ERAInteri m Reanal ysis Da ta from 1980 to 2014 to
Support Wa ve Energy Assessment in Indonesia
Muhammad Zikra, Putika Ashfar and Mukhtasor
09.30 - 09.45
160
Si mpli ci ty Design Of Hybrid Energy Of Ma rine
Current And Offshore Wind Energy Plant In
Indonesia
Mahmud Mustain and Arief Suroso
09.45 - 10.00
Germn Buitrago Salazar, Dario Amaya Hurtado and

Olga Lucia Ramos Sandoval.
178
Inverse Ki nema ti cs Modelling and Simula tion for
Upper Case Wri ting Robot Control using ANFIS
Adlina Taufik Syamlan, Bambang Pramujati and

Hendro Nurhadi
221
Type Synthesis of Two DOF Hybrid Tra nslational
Pa rallel Manipulators
Latifah Nurahmi, Stephane Caro and Sebastien Briot

10.15 - 10.30
Room A
Room B
Chai r: Sya msuri
Chai r: Pra bowo
173
Anal ysis of Turbulence Cha ra cteris tics in the
Lamina r Sub-La yer Region of a Perturbed
Turbulent Boundary La yer
216
Numeri cal Studies Of The Influence Of Tube Ba nk
Configura tion In A Staggered Arrangement Of Tubes
To Hea t Transfer And Flow Cha ra cteristi cs Of Fluid
Sutardi Sutardi and Wawan Aries Widodo
Ary Bachtiar Krishna Putra, Nina Yunindra and Dina

Yuanita
135
Tes t Equipment Design of Thermos yphon Effects On
Passi ve Sola r Wa ter Hea ting Sys tem
121
CFD Simula tion of Plasma Leaka ge and Fluid Flow
on the Dengue Vi rus - Infected Endothelial Cells
10.30 - 10.45
Nur Kaliwantoro, Marsetyawan Hne Soesatyo,
Indarto, Mohammad Juffrie, Rini Dharmastiti,
Mohammad Tauviqurrahman and Zainal Arifin
158
Model of Ground Wa ter Eleva tion a round Mud
Reservoa r in Coas tal Area of Porong Si doa rjo
Ni Ketut Caturwati, Ipick Setiawan, Alief Riptian and

Aufar
Mahmud Mustain
81
Numeri cal simula tion of cross-flow a round four
ci rcula r cylinders in-line squa re configura tion nea r
a plane wall
Masykur Masykur and Bambang Arip Dwiyantoro

172
The Role of Heterogeneous Nucleation in Wa ter
Based Phase Change Ma terial for Medium
Tempera ture Refri gera tion
A. Grummy Wailanduw, Triyogi Yuwono and

Wawan Aries Widodo
219
CFD based inves tiga tions into optimi zation of
di ffuser angle on rea r bus body
I Made Rasta - and Ing. Wardana -
10.45 - 11.00
11.00 - 11.15
162
Experi mental Study of Hea t Trans fer Cha ra cteris ti cs
of Solar Water Hea ter Collector with Addi tion Wa vy
Fi ns on Pi pe
11.15 - 11.30
Wawan Aries Widodo and Mutiara Nuril Karohmah

Room C
Room D
Energy / Design
Manufa cturi ng
Chai r: Nurkholis Hamidi
Chai r: I Made Londen Batan
93
Design And Modelling Pile Breakwa ter For LNG
Jetty At Senoro Field, Central Sulawesi
142
Opti miza tion of Mul tiple Performance
Cha ra cteris ti cs in EDM Process of HPM 38 Steel
Using Response Surfa ce Methodology and NonLinea r Progra mming
Kriyo Sambodho, Muhammad Zikra, Muhammad

Aldhiansyah Rifqi Fauzi and Yeyes Mulyadi
228
Performance Modeling of A Wa ve Energy
Converter: Pembangki t Lis trik Tena ga Gelombang
Laut Sis tem Bandulan (PLTGL-SB)
Amirul Akbar, Bobby O. P. Soepangkat and Arif

Wahjudi
132
A Was te Rela tionship Ma tri x Model for Better Green
Lean Product in Wa ter Processing
Mukhtasor, Rudi W. Prastianto, Irfan S Arief, Harus

L Guntur, Mauludiyah and Hadi Setiyawan
3
Stra tegy in reducing the pace of the greenhouse
gas emission from the electri ci ty sector in
Southeas t Sula wesi
Mastiadi Tamjidillah, Pratikto, Purnomo Budi

Santoso and Sugiono
176
Mul tiple-Performance Optimi za tion Of Drilling
Pa rameters And Tool Geometry In Drilling GFRP
Composite Stacks Using Taguchi And Grey Rela tional
Anal ysis (GRA) Method
Mustarum Musaruddin, Aditya Rachman,

Muhammad Hasbi and Akbar Kurdin
113
Cal cula tion of Potential Wind Power in Indonesia
by Using High Al ti tude Wind Energy method
Gallih B. Wicaksono, Bobby O. P. Soepangkat and

Iwan Krisnanto
200
Tempering Process Graduall y to Improve Quality
Tool
Desmas Arifianto Patriawan and Lusia Permata

Sari Hartanti
109
Feasibility Anal yses of Grid/Wind/PV Hybrid
Sys tems for Indus trial Appli cation
Raden Edy Purwanto, Agus Sujatmiko and Moh

Hartono
187
Mul ti Response Optimiza tion Using Taguchi -GreyFuzzy Method In Drilling Of Kevla r Fiber Reinforced
Pol ymer (KFRP) Sta cked
Wayan G. Santika, Sudirman and I Nyoman Suamir
Am Mufarrih, Bobby Soepangkat and Iwan Kristanto
10.15 - 10.30
10.30 - 10.45
10.45 - 11.00
11.00 - 11.15
11.15 - 11.30

Room A
Room B
Chai r: Suwa rno
13.30 - 13.45
13.45 - 14.00
14
Cooling Load Es tima tion to Determine the Proper
Capa ci ty of Ai r Condi tioners in the Engineering
Building a t Engineeri ng Academy of Soroako
Sri Mulyo Bondan Respati, Rudy Soenoko, Yudy

Surya Irawan and Wahyono Suprapto
106
Electrochemi cal Performances Of Li fepo4/C As
Ca thode For Aqueous Electrol yte Lithium-Ion
Ba ttery
Mukhlis A. Hamarung, Harman - and Jasman -
Lukman Noerochim, Ade Okta Yurwendra and Diah

Susanti
33
Synthesis of BiFeO3 Nanopa rti cle and Single Phase
by Sol -Gel Process for Mul tiferroi c Ma terial
Bambang Iskandriawan
Dwita Suastiyanti and Marlin Wijaya

150
Bi omechanical Anal ysis of the Spider Thread for the
Recons tructi on of the Anterior Cruciate Liga ment
Recons tructi on
Pradip Aryal and Thananchai Leephakpreeda

47
Anal ysis Of Effect Of Sub Cooling Performance Of
Vapour Compression Refrigera tion Sys tem Wi th
Cooling Load Va ria tion
Luis Ruiz Crdenas, Olga Ramos and Dario

Amaya Hurtado
11
Strength Anal ysis of ZnO-Al 2O3 Nanocomposi te for
Implant Ma terial Innova tion
Prayudi Suparmin and Roswati Nurhasanah
Poppy Puspitasari and Andoko Andoko

107
Effect Of Ca rbon Coa ting On Electrochemi cal
Performance Li ti 2(Po 4) 3 For Anode Of Aqueous
Electrol yte Li thium Ion Battery
Cecep Sunardi, Luga Martin, Kasni Sumeru and Henry

Nasution
75
Numeri cal inves tiga tion on ejector as an expansion
devi ce using R290 as refri gerant in residential air
condi tioner for va rious cooling capa ci ty
Lukman Noerochim, Zeddy Argasani and Diah

Susanti
Aries Prih Haryono, Kasni Sumeru, Azhar Abdul Aziz

and Henry Nasution
14.00 - 14.15
14.15 - 14.30
14.30 - 14.45
14.45 - 15.00
Chai r: Budi Utomo K. Widodo
25
Effect of Low Tempera ture Sintering on the
Porosi ty and Mi cros tructure of Porous Zeoli te
Cera mi c
108
The va riety of furni ture a rrangement inside
apa rtment uni t a round Ja bodetabek a rea to improve
COPc
196
CFD anal ysis on thermal comfort a nd indoor ai r
quality affected by pa rti tions i n ai r-conditi oned
building
148
Performance Improvement Using Subcooling on
Freezer Using R22 a nd R290 as Refri gerants for
Va rious Ambient Tempera tures

13.30 - 13.45
13.45 - 14.00
Room C
Room D
Manufa cturi ng
Chai r: Wawan Aries Widodo
Chai r: Bambang Pra muja ti
128
Improvement of Sa voni us Blade to Overcome Dead
band of Hybri d VAWT Sa vonius-Da rrieus for New
and Renewable Energy Cl uster for Tropi cal Country
191
The Effects of Pulse On Time and Arc On Time on
Surfa ce Quality and Wi re Wea r Ra tio in Wi re -EDM of
ASSAB XW-42 and ASSAB 8407 2M
Erwin Erwin, Anggit Srikuncoro, Tresna Soemardi,

Erny Listijorini, Rina Lusiani and Yus Rama Denny
58
A Couple of Sa voni us Wind Mill and Centrifugal
Rea ction Pump as A Wind Energy Wa ter Pump
Sys tem
Hasriadi -, Bobby Soepangkat and Hari Subiyanto
Y B Lukiyanto
143
Structural Design Optimiza tion of Verti cal Axis
Wi nd Turbine Type Da rrieus-Sa vonius
Sudiyono Kromodihardjo and Ergo Kromodihardjo

194
Opti miza tion Of Mul ti Response Using Ta guchi GreyFuzzy End Milling Process Ma terial Assab Xw-42 Wi th
Cooling Liquid Ni trogen
Bambang A. Dwiyantoro, Triyogi Yuwono and

Vivien Suphandani
170
Si mula tion Sa vonius Wind Turbine wi th Mul tiDeflector
Dian Ridlo Pamuji, Bobby Soepangkat and Winarto
Budi Sugiharto, Sudjito Soeparman, Denny

Widhiyanuriyawan and Slamet Wahyudi
144
The Dynami c Cha racteris ti cs of Verti cal Axis Wind
Turbine Type H
Agus Sujatmiko, Mohamad Hartono and Raden Edy

Purwanto
195
Cha ra cteris ti cs in the WEDM Process of Buderus
2379 ISO-B Tool Steel Using Taguchi -Grey-Fuzzy Logi c
Method
Bambang A. Dwiyantoro
218
Investi ga tion Of Factors Affecting Power Curve
Wi nd Turbine Blade
Mega Diantoro and Bobby Soepangkat

224
Si mula tion Of Ironing Process For Bullet Case To Get
Mini mum Forming Force Wi th Va ria tion Of Die Angle
And Reducti on Wall Thi ckness
I Kade Wiratama, I Made Mara and I Made Nuarsa
M.Nushron Ali Mukhtar, I Made Londen Batan,

Bambang Pramujati and Agus Sigit Pramono
14.00 - 14.15
205
Modeling of Well Servi ce and Workover Scheduling
to Opti mize Oil Well Maintenance
202
Groove Overhang Effect on Surfa ce Roughness on
CNC Verti cal Milling Process
14.15 - 14.30
14.30 - 14.45
14.45 - 15.00

15.15 - 15.30
15.30 - 15.45
Room A
Room B
Chai r: Lukma n Noerochi m

12
Effect Of Tempera ture And Ti me Of Two-Step
Aus tempering Method On Mechani cal Properties
For Nodula r Cas t Iron
Chai r: Ary Ba chtia r KP.

201
Numeri cal s tudy of mi xed convection a round a
hea ted ci rcula r cylinder
Andoko Andoko and Poppy Puspitasari
Vivien S. Djanali, Ahmad Nurdian Syah and Syaiful

Rizal
104
Convecti ve Regimes on Porous Media wi thin Sudden
Cha nged Channel Due to Tangential Gas Fl ow
199
Effect of adhesi ve la yer thi ckness on the shea r
s trength of adhesi vel y bonded s teel joints in wet
envi ronment
Sugiman Sugiman, Ilham Akbar, Emmy Dyah
Sulistyowati and Paryanto Dwi Setyawan
15.45 - 16.00
16.00 - 16.15
16.15 - 16.30
16.30 - 16.45
16.45 - 17.00
214
Effect of Fillers Content on Mechani cal Strength
and Failure Mode of Aluminium Bonded wi th
Epoxy-Based Adhesi ve
Eko Siswanto, Angga Veriyawan Rahana,

Mochammad Agus Choiron, Nagata Ryuichi,
Katsurayama Hiroshi and Katoh Yasuo
55
Predi cting Tempera ture Profile and Tempera ture
His tory for Va ried Pa rameters of a Welding Process
Using Rosenthals Approa ch for Semi-infini te Solid
Khairul Anam, Anindito Purnowidodo and Dharu

Smaradhana
20
Effects of Ci tri c Acid/BaTi O3 Wei ght Fra ctions and
Time of Sintering i n Sol Gel Process on Electri c
Sa tura tion Pola riza tion Values and Phase
Compositi on
Djarot B. Darmadi
Dwita Suastiyanti and Marlin Wijaya

117
Effect Of Dromus Oil Amount In Cooling Media
Agains t Tensile Strength And Mi cros tructure
Resul ts Of St 60 Steel Due To Ha rdening Tempering
Process
Nurkholis Hamidi
60
The Utilization Of Pa raffin And Beeswa x As Hea t
Energy Stora ge In Infant Incuba tor
Poppy Puspitasari, Dewi Puspitasari, Novi Fairuz

Aishoni, Muhammad Ilman Nur Sasongko, Wahyu
Candra and Suci Trisna Wati
37
Fri cti on Sti r Welding On Corner Joint With New
Surfa ce Prepa ra tion Design
Sekar Sinaringati, Nandy Putra, Muhammad Amin

and Fitri Afriyanti
Widia Setiawan and Djarot B. Darmadi

211
Effect of The Use of Gas Argon-Ni trogen on The
Balance of Mi cros tructure in Welding Super Duplex
Stainless Steel
Agung Sugeng Widodo

92
Design Concept of Small Long-Li fe PWR Using
Thori um Fuel
Su Suheni
Moh. Nurul Subkhi, Zaki Su'Ud, Abdul Waris and Sidik

Permana
56
Extra ction of Essential Oils from Pa tchouli Plant
Using Adva nced Techniques of Mi crowa ve - Assisted
Hydrodis tillation
230
Effi ciency of Household Gas Stove by Optimizi ng Ga p
of Pan and Stove Cover

Room C
Room D
Manufa cturi ng
Chai r: Bambang Suda rmanta

139
The Effect of Pretrea tment a nd Va riety of
Mi croorganisms to the Production of Ethanol from
Coffee Pulp
Chai r: Sudi yono Kromodiha rdjo

231
Modelling and Si mula tion Anal ysis of Solenoid Val ve
for Spri ng Cons tant Influence to Dynami c Response
Tri Widjaja, Ali Altway, Siti Nurkhamidah, Luluk

Edahwati, Fibrillian Zata Lini, and Fixalis Oktafia.
165
Degrada tion Of Gli ycerol With Sonica tion Method:
The influence of the addi tion of a heterogeneous
ca tal ys t
Masruki Kabib, Bambang Pramujati, I Made Londen

Batan and Agus Sigit Pramono
85
A Compa rison Process of 3D Model Quali ty Using
3D Laser Scanning Triangula tion Method
15.45 - 16.00
Ruslan Kalla, S Sumarno and M Mahfud

185
The Effect of Ni trogen Stress in Medium for
Increasing Ca rbohydra te as A Bi oetanol Source and
Ca rotenoid as An Anti oxidant from Chlorella
Zofingiensis Cul ture
Sally Cahyati, Mark Budiman and Fadhli Umar Lubis

229
Cha ra cteris ti cs in Wi re Electri cal Discha rge
Ma chini ng (WEDM) Process of Buderus 2080 Tool
Steel Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Method
Dhika Aditya Purnomo, Bobby O. P. Soepangkat and
Helena Carolina Kis Agustin
16.00 - 16.15
Eko Agus Suyono, Umi Muavatun, Faridatul Husna,

Husnul Khotimah, Ika Pratiwi, Rahmah Husna, Fitri
Cahyani, Yuni Purwanti and Thoriq Teja Samudra
186
Effect of Rumen Fluid Mi croorganism and Effecti ve
Mi croorganism on Bi ogas Production from Ri ce
Stra w Was te
Tri Widjaja, Ali Altway, Setiyo Gunawan and
Noviyanto.
136
Study Of Composition Of Wa ter Fuel Emulsion By
Taguchi Experimental Method
Akhmad Faizin, Arif Wahjudi, I Made Londen Batan

and Agus Sigit Pramono
155
Pa rametri c Opti miza tion Of Wi re Electri cal Dis cha rge
Ma chini ng Process On Aisi H13 Tool Steel Using
Weighted Principal Component Anal ysis (Wpca ) And
Taguchi Method
Agung Sudrajad, Ipick Setiawan, and Achmad

Faisal.
53
The Calori fi c Values of Solid and Li quid Yields
Consequenced by Tempera tures of Ma hogany
Pyrolsis
Nuraini Lusi, Khairul Muzaka and Bobby Oedy

Pramoedyo Soepangkat
129
The Influence of Binder Va ria tion Using Eruption
Kelud Sand Agains t Sand Mold Strength, Quality and
Fl uidity Resul ts on Al-Si Metal Casting
Widya Wijayanti and Mega Nur Sasongko
Deby Yangin Drajat, Dewi Puspitasari, Zaim Zarkasi,

Muhammad Ilman Nur Sasongko, Rudi Anggoro
Kurniawan, Poppy Puspitasari, Putut Murdanto and
Tuwoso Tuwoso
188
Opti miza tion Of Mul ti Response Using Ta ghuci -GreyFuzzy In Cryogeni c Fa ce Milling Ma terial ASSAB
XW42
15.15 - 15.30
15.30 - 15.45
16.15 - 16.30
223
A Review Paper on Product Surfa ce Defect Detection
of Ironing Process
16.30 - 16.45
48
The Effect of CO2 Fra ction on the Flame Stability of
Bi ogas Premi xed Flame
16.45 - 17.00
Mega Nur Sasongko and Widya Wijayanti
Mohammad Wahid, Bobby Soepangkat and

Bambang Pramujati
Energy, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow
Engine test stand layout and post processing tools for the detection
of many engine performance parameters
M arco Bietresato 1 , M assim iliano Renzi 1 , Sim one M ischiatti 1 and Fabri zio M azzet to 1
1
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology Fa.S.T.,

Piazza Universit 5, I-3910 0 Bolzan o (BZ), Italy
E-M ail: m arco.bietresato@unibz.it
ABSTRACT An eddy-current brake, capable of measuring the torque and the power of internal
combustion engines at desired rotational speeds, has been fully interfaced with an external NI cDAQ
9178 data logger. Thanks to this system, it is possible to collect and synchronize the data coming from the
test stand and from several other sensors equipping the motors under test: a load cell used in a chronogravimetric fuel consumption system, many thermocouples, a lambda probe, an exhaust gas analyser. To
have a better control of the position of the accelerator leverage during the trials (hence a higher
repeatability), a control system, based on an Arduino board, directly acts on the throttling valve through a
servomotor. Then, a series of software tools allows the interfacing of the various devices and the
automatic post-processing of the acquired data (filtering of signals, recognition of data corresponding to
the single engine speeds, time-averaging). The described testing equipment and the implemented
procedures allow investigating both the whole operating performance of a motor (i.e., at different engine
speeds and loads) and a single parameters value, in particular: the torque, the power, the fuel
consumption of the motor, the composition (up to nine different gases) and the temperature of the
exhausts, the temperature of the engine head and of the cylinder block, the combustion quality and many
other additional parameters describing the engine performance. This test stand with the described post
processing procedures will be used in future works to evaluate the performance of traditional and
alternative-fuelled internal combustion engines for both agricultural and co-generative applications.
Keywords: engine test stand, agricultural engines, engine performance detection
Flame Stability Measurement on Rectangular Slot Meso-scale

Combustor
Sat woro Adi wido do 1 , a , I.N.G. W ardana 2 , b , Lilis Yuliati 3 , c , M ega Nursa Songko 4 , d
1
State Polytechnic of M alang, Jl. Soekarno -Hatta No. 9, M alang 65141, I ndonesia
2, 3, 4
Brawi jaya University, Jl. M T. Haryono No. 165, M alang 65145, I ndonesia
asatwor o.adi wido do@poli nem a.ac.id, b ward ana@ub.ac.id, clil is_y@ub.ac.id,
dm egasasongko@ub.ac.id
Abstract The biggest problem of combustion in the micro-scale or meso-scale combustor is heat loss.
Heat loss led to a difficult of stable flame. This research aims to elucidate the flame stabilization and
flammability limit of LPG-oxygen premixed flame, temperature distribution and flame visualization.
Flame stabilization and flammability limit map are shows in - U plane. The result shows that there are
six regions in the map that is stable without noise, stable with noise, transition zone, dead zone, pseudo
stable, and blow off. Measurement parameters are LPG-oxygen flow velocity at various equivalent ratio
and temperature. The flame stabilization and flammability limit map within measurement parameters are
discussed.
Keywords: flame stabilization, flammability limit, meso-scale combustor, rectangular slot, premixed
flame.
The Effect of Nitrogen on Flame Characteristics in Biogas External

Premixed Combustion
W illyanto Anggono1,a, Fand i D wipu tra Supriant o2, Kenny Purnom o3, Tan Ivan
Hartanto4 and Tub agus P. W ijaya5
1,2,3,4,5M echanical Engineeri ng Departm ent, Petra Christian Unive rsity,
Surabaya, Indonesia
Em ail : a willy@petra.ac.id
.
Abstract Biogas contains more than 50% methane (CH4), is a renewable and eco-friendly fuel
produced by bacterial action. Not only is biogas flammable but it also contains inhibitors like carbon
dioxide and nitrogen, as well as small amounts of H2, O2, H2S and others. Several associated studies
have been conducted in order to examine biogas combustion characteristics in external combustion and
flame angle, flame height and dimensionless flame height are the important characteristics in external
premixed combustion. This researchs aims were to discover the influences of N2 as it is the second most
prevalent inhibitor in biogas by burning stoichiometric fuel mixtures (CH4 and N2 (0% -50% of fuel)) and
oxygen in an experimental external premixed combustion burner whose nozzle tip diameter was 5 mm.
The burner was connected to a hose from the oxygen tank and another hose from the fuel tank. Two
regulators and flowmeters were placed on each tank to monitor the flow supplied to the mixer and burner.
The valves were used to stop or open the fluid supply. The outcome flame propagation is then recorded
by a high speed camera and then processed through a computer system. The results indicate that N2
influenced the flame angle, flame height and dimensionless flame height. The higher the N2 content
inside the fuel, the shorter the flame height and the lower the dimensionless flame height. Moreover,
increasing the N2 content created larger the flame angle.
Keywords: Biogas, nitrogen, external combustion, sustainable energy, flame characteristics
Waste Fish Oil Biodiesel Production and Its Performace in Diesel

Engine
Kusm iyati 1 , Triana Retno Prati wi 2 , a nd Tri W ulandari 3
1, 2, 3
Renewable En ergy Research Centre (PSEA) Departm ent of Chem ical

Engineering F aculty of Engineering, Univ ersitas M uhamm adiyah Surakarta
Jl. A. Yani Trom ol Pos 1 PabelanKartasura 57102 Phone (0271)717 417
E-m ail: kusm iyati@um s.ac.id, psea_ums2014@ya hoo .com
ABSTRACT Waste Fish oil was used as raw material for biodiesel production. Two stages processe,
esterification and transesterification were applied to convert waste fish oil to biodiesel. An acid catalyst
(H2SO4) and alkaline catalyst were used for catalysts of the esterification and transesterification,
respectively. Fish oil, methanol or ethanol, and catalyst were reacted in a three-neck flask at temperature
at 60 C and time of 2 h. The effect of alcohol types on biodiesel conversion showed that the optimum
condition (conversion of 66.09%) was obtained using methanol. The density, kinematic viscosity, heating
value of fish oil biodiesel were 0.8822 g/mL, 4.741 mm2/s. 9713 cal/g, respectively. The biodiesel was
tested on diesel engines to determine the engine torque, power and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption as
compared to diesel oil. At lower speed engine of 1200-1400 rpm, the engine torque of waste fish oil
biodiesel and diesel oil was higher than that at higher speed engine of 1400-1500 rpm. Blendings of waste
fish oil had higher engine torque than that of diesel oil. Blends fuel of waste fish oil biodiesel had higher
power engine as compared to that of diesel oil fuel at speed of 1200-1500 rpm. Blends waste fish oil
biodiesel had lower BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) as compared to that of pure diesel oil.
Keywords: biodiesel; waste fish oil; esterification; transesterification; diesel engine performance.
Influence of the compression ratio and injection timing on Sinjai

Engine Performance with 50% BioethanolGasoline blended fuel
Bam bang Sudarm anta 1 , a , Bam bang Junipitoyo 1 , b , Ary Bachtiar Krisna Putra 1 , b , I.
Nyom an Sutantra 1 , c
1
Fuels and Com bustion Engineering Laboratory, M echanical Engineering

Departm ent ITS Indonesia
Em ail : asudarm anta@m e.its.ac.id, atpbb@m e.its.ac.id, cAry@m e.its.ac.id,

dtantra@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract Influence of the compression ratio and injection timing on Sinjai engine performance
with 50% bioethanolgasoline blended fuel were investigated on water brake dynamometer. The
properties of bioethanol were measured based on American Society for Testing Materials
(ASTM) standards. Fuel consumption was measured by the time of fuel consumption per 25 cc
of fuel in a measuring glass where as combustion air consumption was measured using an air
flow meter. The emission parameters, exhaust gas temperature and air fuel ratio were measured
using STARGAS exhaust gas analyzer. The compression ratio was increased from 9,6, 10,6
to11,6 dan timing injection retarded 120, 140, 160 to 180 BTDC. Engine performance testing
conducted in a variable speed, starting the engine rev 2000 to 5000 rpm with intervals of an
increase of 500 rpm. The engine performance parameters evaluated were torque, brake mean
effective pressure, power, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas
composition and volumetric efficiency. The results showed that the increase of compression
ratios improved engine performance for 50% bioethanol-gasoline blended fuel throughout all the
speed range investigated, while the injection timing setting indicates that at 140 BTDC injection
timing to produce the best engine performance. The use of 50% bioethanolgasoline blended fuel
has an octane number of 98 so it is more resistant to the effects of knocking. The increase in
compression ratio up to 11.6 can improve performance up to 12%, whereas the setting at 140
BTDC injection timing can improve performance up to 20%. While the emission CO and HC
emissions decreased significantly as a result of the leaning effect caused by the bioethanol
addition. In this study, it was found that using 50% bioetanol- gasoline blended fuel, would be
reduced the CO and HC emissions until 28% and 22% Respectively.
Keywords : SINJAI engine, bioethanol, gasoline, blended fuel, compression ratio, injection
timing performance and emission.
Optimization of WaterScrubbingMethod for Enhancement of Biogas

Quality through Base Solutions Addition
Hendry Sakke Tira 1 , a , Yesung Allo Padang 1 , b ,Tri Rachm anto 1 ,cand Ahm ad Alfan
Syahida 1
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engine ering Faculty, M ataram University,

M ataram NTB 83125, Indonesia
Em ail : ahendrytira@unram .ac.id, byesungallopadang@gm ail.com ,
ctrachm anto@unram .ac.id
Abstract The addition of base NaOH and KOH solutions and the application of an air stone
and a stirrer to develop turbulence in water scrubbing method were carried out to study the
purification process of raw biogas. Various concentrations of the base solutions a nd constant
stirrer speed was applied. The work results showed that the best performance in increasing CH4
content, about 70% improvement, was reached with the addition of NaOH on 2% concentration.
On the other hand, about 96% and 100% improvement for CO2 and H2S respectively were
obtained under 2% NaOH addition coupled with a stirrer. The addition of base solutions was
very effective to increase absorbent pH level, thus maintaining absorption process in longer
duration and prevented saturation of absorbent. Moreover, the application of a stirrer in packed
bed column further improved the biogas quality. The improvement was resulted from the
generated biogas bubble and turbulence which led to prolong contact time between absorbent
and biogas
Keywords: Biogas, base solution, purification, water scrubbing.
Experimental Study of Thermal Efficiency on Plate-Fin Solar Thermal

Collector
Tri Ayodha Aji wig una 1 , Tesla Ham onangan 1 and M uham m ad Ram dlan Kirom 1
1
Engineerin g Physics, Telkom University, Jalan Telekom unik asi Terusan Buah
Batu, Bandung, In donesia
E-M ail: triayodha@te lkom university.ac.id
ABSTRACT Plate- fin solar thermal collector with the dimension of plate 40 x 80 cm and 13
fins is constructed and its performance is investigated. Ambient air is forced to flow through the
solar collector by using fans. The measurements of incident solar radiation, input air
temperature, output air temperature, and velocity of air flow are conducted simultaneously. Data
from measurements are used to calculate heat absorbed by air flow and the efficiency of solar
collector system. The results show that the increasing of air temperature is 14.3 oC, averaged
heat power absorbed is 102.1 W, and the thermal efficiency is 49%.
Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar Thermal, Plat-fin collector, Thermal Efficiency
Effect of Number of Transfer Unit of Heat Exchangers on the System

Performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle System
Chien-Yuh YAN a , Alireza JAFARI b
National Central University, 300 Jhongda Road, Jhongl i, Taoyuan, 320 54, Tai wan
Em ail : acyyang@ncu.edu.tw, bjafar i.alire zaa@gm ail.com
Abstract This study investigates system performance of a 250 kW organic Rankine cycle
subject to the influence of heat exchangers with different NTU. The effect of NTU of preheater,
evaporator and condenser on heat transfer rate, net work output and thermal efficiency of the
system were studied. The results show that with increasing NTU of preheater, saturation
temperature, pressure and heat transfer rate of preheater increases, log- mean temperature
difference between preheaterevaporator and heat source decrease. Furthermore, because of
decreasing of log- mean temperature difference of evaporator, the NTU of evaporator should also
be increased to have saturated vapor state at the exit of evaporator. This leads to the increase of
total heat transfer rate in preheater and evaporator. Also with increasing NTU of condenser,
condensation pressure and temperature decreases and total heat transfer rate of condenser
increases. Because of decreasing condensation temperature, log- mean temperature difference
between condenser and cold stream decreases. In addition, with increasing NTU of preheater,
evaporator and condenser, the net work output increases due to increasing of expansion pressure
difference between the evaporator and condenser. The overall effect caused the increase of
system thermal efficiency.
Keywords : Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), Number of transfer unit (NTU), Thermal efficiency,
Preheater, Evaporator, Condenser
Experimental Study the Effect of Angle of Blade Inclination on Coal

Swirl Fluidized Bed Drying
M elvin Em il Sim anjuntak 1 , Prabo wo 1 and Ahm ad Sefriko 1

1
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, ITS Surabaya, Ind onesia

E-m ail: m esim anjuntak@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT Boilers in Indonesias power plants generally are designed using high range coal.
The lack of supply for this coal leads consumption switched to the low range coal that will gives
impact to decrease plant performance, increase in pollution, operating and maintenance cost. To
face this problem, coal must be upgrading before use in boiler. Drying process is one of method
to upgrade quality of coal where swirl fluidized bed drying is one of most efficient of fluidized
bed drying. This research was conducted with variation for angle of blade inclination 100, 200
and 300, drying time 5 minutes. The temperature and RH air dryer inlet was 55 oC and 10.5 %
and mass sample was 600 gr. For the five minute period of drying, moisture content was drop
from 25.17 to 10.28 %, 11.47 % and 13.67 % based on air dryer calculation and drop to 9.58%,
11.21 and 13.77% based on coal measurement. Average mass transfer coefficient was 0.058 m/s,
0.052 m/s and 0.043 m/s respectively. Air dryer temperature at outlet for five minute p eriod of
drying was 53.1 0C, 51.7 0C and 50.6 0C and relative humidity was 18.13 %, 15.25 % and
15.16% respectively.
Keywords : coal, drying, swirl fluidized bed, moisture content, drying rate
Effect ofMassFlowRateon aDryerRoomRadiator Pressure Drop and

Heat Transfer
M irm antoa 1 , Emmy Dyah Sulistyowatib 2 , I Ketut Okaria wanc 3
1, 2, 3
M echanical Engineering Dep artm ent, M ataram University, Jl. M ajapahit no. 62,
M ataram , NTB, 83125, Indonesia
Em ail : m .m irm anto@unram .ac.id, b em mybastari22@gm ail.com , c
okateknikunram@yahoo.com
Abstract In the rainy season, in tropical countries, to dry stuffs is difficult. Using electrical
power or fossil energy is an expensive way. Therefore, it is wise to utilize heat waste. A device
that can be used for this purpose is called radiator. The effect o f mass flow rate on pressure drop
and heat transfer for a dryer room radiator have been experimentally investigated. The room
model size was 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 1000 mm made of plywood and the overall radiator
dimension was 360 mm x 220 mm x 50 mm made of copper pipes with aluminium fins. Three
mass flow rates were investigated namely 12.5 g/s, 14 g/s and 16.5 g/s. The water temperature at
the entrance was increased gradually and then kept at 80C. The maximum temperature reached
in the dryer room was 50C which was at the point just above the radiator. The effect of the mass
flow rate on the room temperature was insignificant, while the effect on the pressure drop was
significant. Moreover, the pressure drop decreased as the inlet temperature increased. In general,
the radiator is recommended to be used as the heat source in a dryer room.
Keywords : radiator, dryer room, pressure drop, heat transfer
Flow and Heat Transfer Enhancement Around Staggered Tubes Using

Rectangular Vortex Generators
Prabo wo 1 , M elvin Em il S. 2 , Nanang R. 3 , Rizki Anggi ansyah 4

1, 2, 3, 4
Dept. of M echanical Eng. ITS Surabaya, Indonesia

E-M ail: prabo wo@m e.its .ac.id
ABSTRACT Numerical analysis was carried out to study the flow and heat transfer
characteristics around staggered tubes with rectangular vortex generators (VGs) mounted behind
the tubes. The effect of location VGs in different span angle from stagnation point (=1200,
1350 and 1400) were investigated in detail while the Reynolds number based on diameter tube
was kept constant at ReD=2959. The numerical results are also analyzed from the correlation
between the contour velocity and temperature gradients which is a basic mechanism of heat
transfer. The results indicated that the rectangular VGs is able to improve the convection heat
transfer on the rear part of upstream tube and forepart of downstream tube. The average Nu was
shown to increase by 8%-78% and it is found that the location VGs on =1200 provides the best
heat transfer augmentation.
Keywords : Heat transfer enhancement; Vortex generators; Staggered tubes; CFD
Improved Junction Temperature Measurement for High Power LED

Tri Ayodha Aji wig una 1 , Hun Sik Han 2 and Se o Young Kim 3
1
Engineerin g Physics, Telkom University, Jalan Telekom unikasi Terusan Buah

Batu, Indonesia
SM ART Developm ent Division, Korea Atom ic Energy Research Institute, Daejoen,
305-353, South Kore a
Center for Urban Energy Systems, Korea Institute of Science of Technology , Seoul
136-79, South Korea
E-M ail: triayodha@telkom university.ac.id
ABSTRACT Peak wavelength and forward voltage methods are widely used to measure
junction temperature of LED. However, these methods have an error in the measurement for
high power LED caused by high current. In the calibration step, joule heating is not negligible if
high current is applied even under low duty cycle. Improved junction temperature measurement
by these methods is performed to solve that error. The LED package tested consists of six red
LED chips attached on the metal board. The dimension of metal board is 30 mm x 32 mm with 3
mm thickness. When it is being operated, the operating current is 13.5 A with 25% duty cycle
and 250 Hz of frequency. The result of peak wavelength method and forward voltage method are
then compared. Forward voltage method shows higher standard deviation than peak wavelength
method. The results of non- improved and improved measurement are also compared. Non
improved measurement shows the lower temperature. The influence of LED junction
temperature to the luminous flux of light emitted is also investigated. Luminous flux tends to
decrease while the junction temperature increases.
Keywords: Light Emitting Diodes; Junction temperature measurement; High Power; Peak
wavelength; Forward voltage
Bottom Shear Stress and Bed Load Sediment Transport Formula for
Modeling the Morphological Change in the Canal Water Intake
M ade M ustika W ijaya 1 , a Suntoyo 1 and Happy Ayu Dam erianne 1
1
Departm ent of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of M arine Technology,

InstitutTeknologiSepul uhNopem ber (I TS), Surabaya 60111, Indo nesia
Em ail : m ustika.wi jaya99@gm ail.com
Abstract Bed load sediment transport generally depends on shear stress and orbital wave
velocity near the sea bottom. Calculation of bottom shear stress is a very important step and is
required as input for the most models of sediment transport. The formula of bottom shear stress
of some researchers only were tested based on experimental data and still rarely used for field
data due to problems in obtaining field data quality. In this paper,the bottom shear stress and bed
load sediment transport formula is proposed and be modified under irregular wave condition for
modelling the morphological change based on the velocity data obtained from the results of the
Hydrodynamic Modelling by Mike 21 Software.This model has been validated with field
measurement data with error level of 0.5% for surface elevation. The proposed method of bottom
shear stress and bed load sediment transport was examined by the sediment transport and the
morphological change modeled by Sand Transport (ST) modules of Mike 21 Software. It can be
concluded that the proposed method could predict well. The result from the calculation of bottom
shear stress and bed load sediment transport showed reasonable results when compared with the
results of modeling by Mike 21 software in the area of canal water intake.
Keywords : Bottom Shear Stress,Bed Load,Sedimen Transport,Morphological Change
Base aspect ratio effects on resonant fluid sloshing in a rectangular

tank
Nim a Vaziri 1 , M ing-Jyh Chern 2

1
2
Departm ent of Physics, Karaj Branch, Islam i c Azad University, Karaj, Iran
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Nation al Tai wan University of Science and
Technology, 43 Sec. 4 Keelung Road, Ta ipei 1 0607, Ta i wa n
E-M ail: nim a_vaziri@kiau.ac.ir
ABSTRACT A PSME model is used to study the base aspect ratio effect on resonant fluid
sloshing in a 3D tank. Three different depth classes (shallow water, intermediate depth and finite
depth) and three base aspect ratios (very long base, half width base and square base) are
considered. Longitudinal and diagonal excitations are applied to all cases. Results show that
sloshing in lower depth tank strongly depends on the base aspect ratio.
Keywords : PSME method; Nonlinear sloshing waves; Base aspect ratio effect.
Synthesis of BiFeO3 Nanoparticle and Single Phase by Sol-Gel

Process for Multiferroic Material
Dwi ta Suastiyanti 1 , M arlin W ijaya 2

1
M echanical Departm ent of Indonesia Institute Technology, Puspiptek -Serpong,

Indonesia
2
Centre of Processing Industrial Technology, Agency for The Assesm ent and
Application of Technol ogy, Puspiptek -Serpong, Indonesia
E-M ail: dwita_suastiyanti@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT The magnetoelectric coupling (ME) in multiferroics i.e BiFeO3 promises

important technological applications in several multifunctional devices like data storage,
spinotronics, sensor, actuator devices etc. BiFeO3 was synthesized using a sol gel process. The
aim of this research is to find optimum process condition of sol- gel method for BiFeO3 synthesis
by varying of sintering temperature. It is expected to obtain BiFeO3 material in nanoparticle,
single phase and shows electric voltage response if given an external magnetic field. It was used
Bi5O(OH)9.(NO3)4, Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, HNO3, H2O as precursor and citric a cid (C6H8O7) as
fuel. It was used 450oC, 500oC and 550oC as sintering temperature for 10 hours
respectively.Phases formation of material were carried out using X-Ray-Diffraction (XRD) for
BiFeO3 powder. It was used Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) with Beckman Coulter DelsaTM
Nano type to know particle size. Home made ME instrument by Physics Department of
University of Indonesia was used to know electric voltage response when given an external
magnetic field to BiFeO3 powder. XRD results confirm that single phase BiFeO3 is obtained at
sintering temperature of 550oC for 10 hours. The smallest particle size was 65 nm. When
BiFeO3 powder was given an external magnetic field, it shows electric response. This response
shows that the powder has multiferroic characteristic.
Keywords: Magnetoelectric, multiferroic, sol-gel, nanoparticle, single phase
Numerical Simulation of vortex-induced vibration using OpenFOAM
M oham ed Sukri M at Ali 1 , a , M oham ad Hafiz Ism ail 1 , b , Nurshafinaz M ohd M aruai 1 ,
Sheikh Ahm ad Zaki Shaikh Salim 1 and Sallehuddin M uham ad 2
1
W ind Engineering La boratory, M alaysia-Japan International Institut e of

Technology, UTM Kuala Lum pur, MALAYSIA
UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, UTM Kuala Lum pur,
M ALAYSIA
Em ail: asukri@ic.utm .m y, bm hafiz ism ail@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT Vortex induced vibration involves interrelated problems between the fluid
dynamics of the flow and kinematics of the system. To numerically simulate the behavior of
vortex induced vibration for flow over a square cylinder, a moving mesh method that is coupled
with a motion equation formulated for mass-spring-damping system is used. The sensitivity of
the results with grid resolution is assessed with three differences grid density and it is also
compared with the experiment results from available published data.
Keywords: Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV); Bluff body; Grid Independent.
Numerical Modeling of Vortex-induced Vibration in Turbulent Flow
M ing-Jyh Chern 1 , a , Kam au King ora 1 , b , Giri Nugroho 2 , c , Dedy Zulhidayat Noor 2 , d
and Tzyy -Leng Horng 3 , e
1
2
National Tai wan Un iversity of Science and Technology, Taipei 1 0607, Ta i wan
Institute Teknologi Sep uluh Nopem ber, Surabaya 601 11, Indo nesia 3Feng -Chia
University, Taichung 40724, Tai wan
Em ail :am jchern@m ail.ntust.edu.t w, bkam aukingora@gm ail.com ,
cgiri@m e.its.ac.id, dzulnoor@m e.its.ac.id, etlhorng@m ath.fcu.edu.t w
Abstract Vortex- induced vibration (VIV) in turbulent flow is a very common physical
phenomenon. For example, vibration of cables of a bridge is caused by VIV. In renewable
energy studies, VIV can be employed as flow energy conversion and is called vortex hydro
energy [1]. Understanding of VIV is very important especially in turbulent flow in terms of
structure dynamics and renewable energy. The aim of this study is to establish a numerical
model based on the direct forcing immersed boundary (DFIB) method and large eddy simulation
(LES) for simulations of VIV in turbulent flow. A 3D turbulent flow is considered in the model.
The finite volume method is utilized. Cartesian grids are used for computation. No grid
distortion is required. The movement of a vibrating cylinder is predicted by a mass-dampingspring equation of motion and the DFIB method. A variety of flow conditions described by the
reduced velocity are considered. The socalled lock- in phenomenon is successfully predicted by
the proposed DFIB-LES model.
Keywords: direct forcing immersed boundary method; large eddy simulation; vortex -induced
vibration; aeroelasticity.
Characteristics of Decompression Tank Internally Pressurized With

Water Using OpenFOAM
Syamsuri 1 ,
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, ITATS Surabaya, Indonesia

Em ail: syam _sby2003@yahoo.com
Abstract Decompression tank is a tank in which pressurized with water. In its application
decompression, tank can be reservoir tank and water storage tanks which are closed. In the
simulation, the value of compressibility is very important for the case decompressio n tank. The
method used is the numerical simulations using OpenFOAM software to know the results of
observation the value of the pressure, density, and velocity magnitude. Simulations will be
performed by varying the value of the water compressibility 4.54e-06 4.54e-07, and 4.54e-08.
Before performing simulations on the main case decompression tank then first performed by grid
independent test to validate the simulation results from the study by another researcher. From the
results of experiments with variation of compressibility of water, it can be seen that a good
comparison with numerical simulation and previous studies show the capability of this method.
The greater the value compressibility water then the pressure distribution generated more widely
and rapidly spread as well as the velocity distribution. However, for the distribution of the speed
with greater compressibility of the velocity distribution will become more varied and occurs only
in a small area.
Keywords : Decompression tank, OpenFOAM, Variation of compressibility water.
A CFD Analysis of the Viscous Fluid Behavior of Glycerin in Various

of Stirring Patterns
Retno Wulandari 1,
1
2, a
, I.N.G. Wardana 1,b , Slam et Wahyudi 1,c , and Nurkholis

Hamidi 1,d
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Universitas Bra wijaya, Indonesia

2
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri M alang,

Indonesia
E-m ail : a retno wulandari_74@yahoo.com , b wa rdana@ub.ac.id,
c
slam et_ w72@yahoo.co.id, d nurkholishamidi@yahoo.com
Abstract The important matter of mixing at both micro and macro- fluidic levels has to be
studied for determining how to achieve proper stirring ways. In order to analyse this matter, the
first problem was how to visualise and especially how to measure the stirring process in a certain
flow. In this study, the behavior of viscous glycerin employing various stirring patterns was
investigated. The changes in glycerin solutions were observed by means of streamline flow
topology and particle track arising from four variations in configurations: the same stirring
directions of rod and vessel (RUN 1), opposite stirring directions of rod and vessel (RUN 2),
stationary rod and rotating vessel (RUN 3), stirring rod and stationary vessel (RUN 4). The flow
pattern was analyzed with ANSYS computational fluid dynamic tool. The simulation results
shows that the opposite direction stirring pattern configuration produced more vortices than
those of the same direction stirring patterns and the stirring rod pattern generated more vortices
in almost all parts of the vessel than stationary rod pattern.
Keywords: viscous fluid, glycerin, stirring pattern, CFD.
Characteristics Of Two Phase Fluid Flow In Pipe Bends
Slam et W ahyudi 1 , a , Sudjito Soeparm an 2 , b ,Rudy Soenoko 3 , c , Arief Yunizar R 4 , d

1,2,3,4 Bra wijaya University - Jl M T. Haryono 167, M alang 65145, Indonesia
Em ail : 1 slam et_w72@u b.ac.id, b sudjitospn@yahoo.com , rudysoen@yahoo.com ,
darif.yunizar.nugr aha.198 9@gm ail.com
Abstract Fluid movement of liquid through a pipe arch supported by a drop in pressure
caused by the inertia of the fluid and the secondary flow across the pipe bends. For Newtonian
flow, pressure gradient near the wall area is the trigger for the secondary flow. Bend pipe has a
value greater than the pressure drop due to the straight pipe geometry and track changes that
have an impact on changes in the flow pattern to form separate flow resulting from the inner side
of the pipe bends, this study aims to determine the pattern of two-phase fluid flow (water-air)
and pressure drop that occurs at 900 curves. Research methods by varying the volumetric
proportion of gas () of 25-50%, the air discharge (QG) of 1, 2, and 3 Liter Per Menit (LPM) and
water discharge (QL) that affect fluid flow pattern and two-phase flow pressure drop in the pipe
bends 900 . The data obtained were carried out data processing and analysis using statistical
analysis. The results obtained can be concluded that the greater the proportion of volumetric air
() then water Reynolds number (Resl) decreases, causing friction between the large phase, due
to the greater frictional force will increase the pressure drop and also cause instability water fluid
(flow pattern ) in turn 900. the centrifugal force caused by the 900 turn influence on the frictional
forces between the phase interface pressed together with the emergence of a certain thickness.
The smaller the water Reynolds number (Resl), the greater the thickness of the interface, the
interface thickness greater then also affect the greater pressure drop.
Keywords : characteristic of fluid flow, pipe bend, two phase fluid
Effect of Impeller Condition on Blower Performance, Case Study :

Impeller of K-2201 in PT. PERTAMINA RU III
Hafid Budim an
1
1, a
Departm ent of Rotating Equipm ent Engineering, PT.Pertam ina (Persero) RU

III, South Sum atera Indonesia
Em ail : hafid.budim an@pertam ina.com
Abstract. The performance of blower depends on impeller condition. This paper is to discuss the
open face impeller condition related to performance based on performance curve provided by the
manufacturer. The impeller condition is observed under three different conditions. The first
condition is that the impeller area is covered by 3 mm thick of fouling. The second condition is
that there is a 1 mm of rubbing on the vane and the third condition is the impeller after being
repaired. The datas are taken by the actual operation condition. The observed data is then
calculated and plotted on OEM performance curve. The result shows that the first condition has
the lowest performance; the produced head is 47% lower than the OEMs.
Keywords: Blower, Impeller, head, flow, performance curve.
Bottom Shear Stress and Bed Load Sediment Transport Due to

Irregular Wave Motion
Suntoyo 1 , a , A Haris Fattah 1 , M uhamm ad Yunan Fahm i 2 , Taufiqur Rachm an 3 and
Hitoshi Tanaka 4
1
Departm ent of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of M arine Techno logy, Institut

Teknologi Sepulu h Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indo nesia
Departm ent of M arine Science, State Islam ic University of Sunan Am pel,

Surabaya, Indonesia
Study Program of Ocean Eng., Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddi n Univ.,

M akasar, Indonesia
Departm ent of Civil Engineering, Tohoku University, 6 -6-06 Aoba, Sendai 9808579, Japan
em ail : suntoyo@oe.its.ac.id
Abstract Waves in ocean are generally irregular and have a random shape with variation in
orbital velocity, wave height and period. The accuracy of sediment transport model is the most
important stage to model the coastal morphological change. In addition, the coastal
morphological change model is more efficient to use the bottom s hear stress calculation
approach for practical purposes rather than a more complex approach to the modeling of two
phases. In this paper, the calculation method of sediment transport based on the bottom shear
stress purposed with data validation from the e xperimental results in the turbulent bottom
boundary layer over rough bed under irregular waves. The new approach to estimate the bottom
shear stress was based on combining velocity and acceleration terms as formulated [1] was
modified to be proposed to calculate the bottom shear stress under irregular wave motion.
Furthermore, a new approach of the bottom shear stress was applied to model the bed load
sediment transport rate for irregular waves by using the experimental data as validated model.
Measurement of water surface elevation and bed load sediment transport rate under irregular
wave motion was carried out in wave flume tank generated by Jonswap spectrum in variation of
wave height and period. Moreover, the new method gave the smallest the RMSE value indicating
that the new method has the best agreement with the bottom shear stress and bed load sediment
transport of experimental results
Keywords: Sediment transport, wave flume experiment, irregular waves, bottom shear stress
Design of NACA 4415 Taperless Twistless Wind Turbine Blade Using

Twist Optimization for Indonesia Wind Characteristics
Felly Rihlat Gibran 1 , M oham ad Safhire 2 an d Ahm ad Dien W arits 3

1, 2, 3
W ind Energy Research Group Tropical Rene wable Ener gy Centre Faculty of
Engineering University of Indonesia, Kam pus UI Depok 14624, Indonesia
E-M ail: fellygibran29@gm ail.com , msafhire@yahoo.com , dien.warits@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT Lack of fossil fuel as energy resource of the world triggers a rapid development
in renewable energy. Wind energy as one of renewable energy resource has a great potential to
solve worlds energy needs especially in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the applicatio n of wind energy
technology is remain undone due to inappropriate design. One way to solve this problem is by
creating a wind turbine blade design which suits wind characteristics in Indonesia. The blade
which is designed by 50% and 75% linearization optimization can capture 53% of wind energy
at Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 5. By using Russian pine wood as material, the design is being
simulated under critical wind speed condition and proved to be feasible in this relating condition
with Factor of Safety of 5.43. The research method uses various theoretical calculation and
software simulation; QBlade and SolidWorks. The purpose of this scientific article is a NACA
4415 Taperless Twsitless Pitch +7 wind turbine blade is applicable in wind turbine system in
order to produce an affordable, compact, and efficient wind turbine blades appropriate for wind
characteristic in Indonesia.
Keywords: Blade; Efficiency; NACA 4415; Taperless Twistless; Twist Optimization; Wind
Turbine.
Rheology Margarine on Non-Newtonian Fluid Proving Through Small

Gap
Agus Harijono 1 , a , I.N.G. W ardana 2 , b , Nurkholis Ham idi

W idhiyanuriyawan 2 , d
1
2, c
, Denny
Departem ent of M echanical Engineering, State Polyt echnic of M alang, Indonesia

2
Departem ent of M echanical Engineering, Bra wija ya University , Indonesia
Em ail : a ahar_tm i07@yahoo.com , b ward ana@ub.ac.id,

d
ham idy@ub.ac.id,
denny_ w@ub.ac.id
Abstract Theory and principles of rheology can be used for, process control, product design
and as a tool for prediction process if the process could not actually be measured. The purpose
of this research is to find rheological properties of margarine in dough/non- newtonian fluid
developed on two parallel flat akrilik separated by an infinitesimally small gap. The driving force
of the development fluid is CO2 fermented yeast. Fluid driven and expands passed a narrow slit
in various sizes. Development time and time to pass through the small gap measured. The
samples are used are two, dough without addition of margarine and other. From the experiments
showed that fluid coupled with margarine would be easier to pass through the narrow gap than
fluid that is not coupled margarine, characterized by shorter time to pass through the narrow gap.
Keywords: Rheology, non-newtonian fluid, parallel flat acrylic, margarine.
Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Stall Behavior on Single Bladed

Darrieus Turbine Airfoil Section
Go P.C.T. Hutom o 1, a , Galih S.T.A. Bangga 2 , b , Herm an Sasongko 1 ,c

1
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Institut Teknol ogi Sepu luh Nopem ber,
Indonesia
Institute of Aerodynam ics and Gas Dynam ics, Un iversity of Stuttgart, Germ any
Em ail : a peter.tianxiang@gm ail.com , b bangga@ iag.un i-stuttgart.de,
c
herm an@m e.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT One important aspect to consider during the operation of a Darrieus turbine at
low tip speed ratio is the generation of a phenomenon called dynamic stall.The changes of the
angle of attack () in time series relative to the orientation of the wind direct ion during each
revolution of the rotor result in significant increase of unsteady characteristics of the
aerodynamic loading. Numerical simulations using SST k- turbulence model with KatoLaunder correction were used to investigate the physical phenomena occurring on the sectional
airfoil of the blade. Production Limiter, low Reynolds number correction and intermittency
crossflow transition model was employed to improve the accuracy of wind turbine simulation.
The motion of the blade rotation is accomodated using sliding mesh approach. The CFD
calculations show remarkable differences of the forces acting on the airfoil compared with the
static condition due to traveling vortices phenomena. The generation of leading edge and trailing
edge vortices as the characteristics of dynamic stall were well illuminated and provided more
detailed information on the development of fluid flow on the phenomenon of dynamic stall on
Darrieus turbine blade. The analysis of the stall event was obtained by considering the inser tion
flow occurring near the leading edge. The interaction of the travelling vortices in upwind as well
as downwind phase are presented in the present manuscript providing deeper knowledge in the
dynamic stall database of vertical axis wind turbine.
Keywords: CFD, Darrieus Turbine, Dynamic Stall, Unsteady Aerodynamics
Experimental Study of the Cross flow Turbine
Djoko Sutikno 1 , a , Sudjito Soeparm an 2 , b ,Rudy Soenoko 3 , c , Slam et W ahyudi 4 , d ,

1, 2, 3, 4
Brawi jaya University - Jl M T. Haryono 167, M alang 65145, In donesia
Em ail: a bp_djoko@ub.ac.id, b sudji tospn@yahoo.com , c rudysoen@yahoo.com ,

d
slam et_ w72@ub.ac.id
Abstract The experimental study was intended to investigate characteristics of the cross flow
turbine based to the three models designed on the same runner diameter with different runner
length of each. The Flow rates were measured by magnetic flow meter, the forces were detected
by using spring balance and turbine speeds were detected by tachometer. The performance
characteristics are shown by the relation of Power and efficiency versus jet entry arc, as well as
the relation of Power and efficiency versus ratio between diameter and width of runner. The
study indicated that the efficiency of the models were slightly difference, the highest efficiency
indicated by the turbine with the ratio between length of runner and the diameter of the runner
was 2; It was corresponding to the 75 degree entry arc.
Keywords : Cross flow turbine, length and diameter ratio, performance characteristic, Micro
scale hydropower
Analysis of Turbulence Characteristics in the Laminar Sub-Layer

Region of a Perturbed Turbulent Boundary Layer
S. Sutardi 1 , a , W awan Aries W 1 , b
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty of Industrial Technolo gy Sepuluh

Nopem ber Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia
Em ail : a sutardi@m e.its.ac.id, b wa wanaries@m e.its.ac .id
Abstract Turbulent boundary layer plays an important role for generation of aerodynamic
drag. Shear force and pressure force due to the presence of boundary layer separation from the
body surface contribute to the total drag. Studies of drag reduction due the the boundary layer
effect are continuously performed by many researchers. Present study is intended to evaluate the
behaviour of the laminar sub-layer in a turbulent boundary layer using a hot-wire anemometer
system. The study was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number based on the
momentum thickness of approximately Re = 1000. A smooth-flat plate and a plate with a
single transverse square groove was used in the study of the boundary layer characteristics. The
groove size of 10 mm x 10 mm was cut transversally across the test plate. The results show that
no significant differences in the streamwise mean velocity, steamwise turbulence intensity, and
velocity signals for the smooth- and grooved-wall cases. For the the energy spectra for the two
cases, however, show significant differences
Keywords: Laminar sub-layer, turbulent boundary layer, hot-wire anemometer, square goove,
turbulence intensity.
Model of Ground Water Elevation Around Mud Reservoir in Coastal

Area of Porong Sidoarjo
M ahm ud M ustain 1 ,
1
Ocean Engineering Departm en, Sepulu h Nopem ber Institute of Technology,

Surabaya, Indonesia
Em ail : a m m ustain@oe.its.ac.id
ABSTARCT The previous research got several difference curves of the water level in the large
scale from the coastal line perpendicular around 20 km to the land direction over the reservoir
area . These curves were caused by both variation of precipitation and sea water level fluctuation
of tide. The purpose of this research is to estimate the physical characteristics of water level of
ground water around the mud reservoir. The numerical modeling of D-F theory is has be
implemented. The idea is to take the solution of discharge equation for well from the ground
water level. The model includes the shape of the infiltration mud-volcano from the reservoir to
the natural water level of ground water. The field records will be used to make confirmation and
validation. The result of this research is to support the result of the previous research, the level
of water table around mud reservoir about 2 km perpendicular to the coastline direction (East
direction) is full- filled by mud- volcano. On the other hand, for the opposite direction i.e.West
direction from mud reservoir about 1.5 km is also full- filled by mud-volcano. The error between
numerical model and field records is around 1 %.
Keywords: Water-level, Ground-water, aquifer, Mud-volcano, Sidoarjo
Numerical simulation of cross-flow around four circular cylinders inline square configuration near a plane wall
A.Grummy W ailandu w1 , Triyogi Yu wono 2 , and W a wan Aries W idodo 3
1
Student of Doctoral Program at Departm ent of M echanical Engineering - Faculty of

Industrial Technology, Institute Technolo gy of Sepuluh Nopem ber (ITS) Kam pus
ITS Keputih - Surabaya (6011 1) Indon esia
2, 3
Departem ent of M echanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technol ogy Institute Technology of Sepulu h Nopem ber Kam pus ITS Keputih - Surabaya
(60111) Indo nesia
Em ail : 1 grum my_wai landu w@yahoo.co.id, 2 triyogi@m e.its.ac.id,
3
wa wanaries@m e.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT Flow cross around a circular cylinders arrangement could be found in many
engineering application, such as reaction tower, cooling tower, shell and tube heat exchangers,
and tube banks. When flow cross the bodies, it would form particular flow pattern according to
the bodies arrangements. Author [19], investigated a four circular cylinders arrangement near
wall with spacing ratio (L/D)= 1.5 and gap ratio (G/D) of 0.2. They found that interaction
between cylinders and wall caused a difference stagnation point in upstream cylinders and shear
layer of upstream cylinders reattach in downstream cylinders. In this research, it would be
investigated numerically flow characteristics on four circular cylinders in in- line square
configuration near a plane wall. A gap ratio between the surface of lower cylinders and the wall
(G/D) would be varied. It is set at G/D= 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0, while spacing ratio between centre of
cylinders (L/D) was fixed at 4.0. To analyze flow characteristics around cylinders is used
FLUENT 6.3.26 software. Two-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes
equations and SST k- turbulence equations are solved with finite volume method. This
simulations was performed at Reynolds number 53000 based on a single circular cylinder
diameter. The numerical results show that an increasing of gap ratio cause of stagnation point of
the upstream cylinder of lower row move to front of cylinder, while the upstream cylinder of
upper row tends to not change. At the gap ratio G/D= 0.1 and G/D= 0.3, shear layer of the
upstream cylinder of lower row cover the downstream cylinder of lower row, while a different
phenomenon occur in the downstream cylinder of upper row. Shear layer of the upstream
cylinder of upper row reattach on surface of the downstream cylinder of upper row.
Keywords: Numerical simulation, four circular cylinders, in-line square, plane wall
CFD based investigations into optimization of diffuser angle on rear

bus body
W awan Aries W idodo 1 , a , M utiara Nuril Karohm ah 2
1,2M echanical Engineering Dept. - Institut Teknologi Sep uluh Nopem ber (ITS),
Keputih Sukolilo, Sura baya Indonesia - 6 0111
Em ail : wawanaries@me.its.ac.id
Abstract Fluid flow interaction around bluff body to create aerodynamic forces including drag
and lift force. The strategy to improve arodynamic forces to modify the shape of rear body. This
investigation is conducted to simulate fluid flow past a bus body with variation of diffuser angle
on the rear. The diffuser angle was set to 0, 6, 12, and 18, respectively. The CFD simulation
results that the drag coefficient was reduced until 2.3% is related with diffuser angle () 180 is
comparing zero diffuser angle, also, diffuser angle () 120 capable to increase downforce
significantly.
Keywords: rear body, diffuser angle, drag coefficient, lift coefficient.
Numerical Studies of The Influence of Tube Bank Configuration In A

Staggered Arrangement of Tubes to Heat Transfer and Flow
Characteristics of Fluid
Nina Yunindra 1 ,
1
2
and Ary Bachtiar Krishna Putra
2, b
Pem bangkitan Jawa Ba li Services, Sidoarjo Indonesia
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technol ogy Institute

of Sepuluh Nopem ber Surabaya (ITS), Surabaya Indonesia
Em ail : anina.yunindra@p jbservices.com , barybachtiar90@gmail.com
Abstract This numerical study has carried out to investigate heat transfer and flow
characteristics of turbulent cross-flow in the outside of tube on heat exchanger with the same
configuration of tubes as the actual condition of heat exchanger in one of goverments power
plants. It has done specially in the critical tubes that receive the largest dynamic forces as a result
of fluid flow which provide transverse load. According to that problem, then modifications have
made to reduce the collision load in the critical tubes. It can be represented by drag force (FD) or
drag coefficient (CD). Modification of the tube arrangement has made in two models. First
modification has done by narrowing the passage of fluid flow and second modification has done
by narrowing the passage of fluid flow and making expansion area for fluid flow. It has done
with no increase and no decrease in heat transfer areas in order to keep the optimum performance
of heat exchanger. Heat transfer characteritics can be determined from the distribution of local
Nusselt number (Nu) and the value of the heat transfer rate, while the flow characteristics can be
determined from the distribution of local pressure coefficient (CP) and the value of drag
coefficient (CD). Modeling in this study has conducted in two dimensions in steady condition
by using k-epsilon standard turbulence model and has simulated by Commercial Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a numerical program. For the flow characteristics, the total value of
CD in the first modification has dropped as much as 25,6% of the total drag coefficient in the
actual arrangement tubes. In the second modification, total CD has dropped until 40,3% from t he
total CD in the actual condition. Decreasing of the total value of CD has followed by decreasing
of CD in the critical tubes. For the heat transfer characteristics, total heat transfer rate in the first
modification has dropped until 4%. That precentage is almost same with the precentage of
reduction of total heat transfer rate in the second modification. With more reduction of total CD
than first modification, while reduction of total heat transfer rate is almost same, it can be known
that the performance of second modification is better than the performance of first modification.
Keywords: Drag Force, Drag Coefficient, Pressure Coefficient, Heat Transfer Rate, Nusselt
Number, Computational Fluid Dynamic.
Test Equipment Design of Thermosyphon Effects On Passive Solar

Water Heating System
Catur wati NK, Ipick S, Alief, Aufar
Departm ent of m echanical engineering,Sult an Ageng T irtayasa University. Jl.
Jend. Sudirm an km . 3 Cilegon 42435 .
E-m ail : n4 wati@un tirta.ac.id
ABSTRACT Water circulation in passive solar water heating Systems (SWHS) is caused by
thermosyphon effects. Thermosyphon is a physical effect of passive heat exchange based on
natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump.
Heating water in solar water heater panels result a trust for moving water toward higher position
due to heating experienced while water flow in heating canals in solar water heater panels. In this
study show the arrangement of test equipment that will be used to measure the influence of
thermosyphon in solar water heater panels. High water level in the upper tank as high as drain
position of solar water heater panels, so circulation of water in the system is caused by
thermosyphon effect. The solar water heater panels is used in the experiment has 2 m2 surface
area. Four halogen lamps with 500 Watt power each mounted perpendicularly to the position
of the solar water heater panels, as the radiation sources. This study tested the thermosyphon
effect of tilt angle of SWH pairs at 5, 10, 15 and 20 . The experimental result is tilt angle of
SWH at 15 have the best thermosyphon effect in passive solar water heating systems.
Keywords: Thermosyphon effect; Solar Water Heating Systems (SWHS); tilt angle of SWHS
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Solar Water

Heater Collector with Addition Wavy Fins on Pipe
M asykur and Bam bang Arip Dwiyantoro
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Institute o f Technology Sepuluh Nopem ber,
Kam pus ITS, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, I ndonesia
E-M ail: bam bangads@m e.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT Utilize the potential of solar energy there are two kinds technology already
applied, there are solar thermal technology and solar photovoltaic. Solar water heater collector is
one of the utilized solar energy. One way to improve the efficiency of collector solar water
heating is to add external fins on pipes. This experimental was carried in environment
Mechanical Engineering ITS, located in -7.27LS and -112.79BT. It is used to cover clear glass
with angle of solar collector 10 and flow rate variation 75 l/h, 150 l/h and 225 l/h. Date is
collected every one hour from 09.00 am - 15.00 pm for each variation. The measured parameters
are upside glass temperature, underside glass temperature, water input, water output, pipe,
absorber plate, surrounding, solar radiation and wind speed. The results obtained from this study
are the highest efficiency of collector at the flow rate of 225 l/h is 63.87%, and the highest outlet
temperature of water at the flow rate of 75 l/h is 46C. The addition of wavy fins on pipes can
improve the efficiency of the collector.
Keywords: Solar water heater, Collector, Wavy fins, Flow rate, Collector efficiency
The Role of Heterogeneous Nucleation in Water Based Phase Change

Material for Medium Temperature Refrigeration
I
M. Rasta 1 , a I N.G. Wardana 2 , N. Hamidi 2 , M. N. Sasongk o2
Mechanical Enginee ring, Bali State Polytechnic, Ba li 80364, Indone sia

Mechanical Enginee ring, Brawijaya Univ e rsity, Malang 65151, Indonesia
Email: maderasta@pnb.ac.id or rasta_imade1@yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT This paper presents an experimental investigation on effects of corn oil to ice
nucleation phenomenon of a corn oil - water solution immersed in a tank containing supercooled liquid mixture of water and propylene glycol. Temperature of water and propylene glycol
mixture was to be maintained as low as -20 0C. The corn oil-water solution is a new PCM
candidate to be investigated for medium temperature refrigeration applications. Thermal energy
storage characteristics of the PCM candidate were established and tested at various
concentrations using a T-history method. Ice nucleation below freezing point in water/ice at
temperatures ranging from -6 0C to -4 0C was induced by mixing corn oil with water to form an
oil- water solution. As most of the solution consisted of water, this PCM became a strong
candidate for under 0 0C applications. The PCM should be capable to maintain product
temperatures of a medium temperature refrigeration system between -1 0C and +5 0C.
Keywords: heterogeneous nucleation,
refrigeration
phase change materials,
medium temperature
Performance Modeling of A Wave Energy Converter: Pembangkit

Listrik Tenaga Gelombang Laut Sistem Bandulan (PLTGL-SB)
M ukhtasor 1 , Rudi W alujo Prastianto 1 , Irfan Syarif Arief 2 , Harus Laksana G untur 3 ,
M auludiyah 4 and Hadi Setiya wan 5
1
Ocean Engineering Departm ent, Institut Teknolog i Sepulu h Nopem ber (ITS), Jl.
Arief Rahm an Hakim , Kam pus Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 6011 1 Ja wa Tim ur,
Indonesia
M arine Engineering Departm ent, ITS, Jl. Arief Rahm an Hakim , Kam pus Keputih,
Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Ja wa Tim ur, Indonesia
3
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, ITS, Jl. Arief Rahm an Hakim , Kam pus
Keputih, Sukolilo Sura baya 60111 Ja wa Tim ur, Indonesia
M arine Sciences Study Program , Universitas Islam Negeri S unan Am pel, Jl.
Ahm ad Yani No. 117 Surabaya 60237 Ja wa Tim ur, Indonesia
PT. Gelom bang Energi Indonesia, Jl. Keja wan Geba ng No. 05 Surabaya 601 17
Jawa T im ur, Indonesia
E-M ail: m ukhtasor@oe.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT In the design of a pontoon system as a floating supporting structure for a Sea
Wave Energy Convertion System (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gelombang Laut Sistem Bandulan
or simply PLTGL-SB), the motion of the pontoon in the sea is a very important parameter. It is
needed a pontoon with good motion characteristics, so that an integrated pendulum on it can
steadily move with sufficient torque. In this study a 1:10 scaled model of tripod pontoon was
used as a model of the prototype that has been installed in Tanjung Bumi, Madura, East Java.
This paper describe the motion characteristics of the model which has been tested in a towing
tank of Indonesian Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LHI) in Surabaya. The test also for collecting
the test data in well-controlled condition for calibration and validation of numerical simulations.
The pontoon motion measurement method using an optical tracking device that has digitally
integrated. In order to obtain the pontoon responses the test was carried out on a regular wave
with two variation on period which are 5 and 10 seconds and with wave height of 5.0, 10.0 and
20.0 cm. From the analysis, it was found that the tripod pontoon model has significant roll and
pitch motions that suitable as a supporting structure for PLTGL-SB.
Keywords: sea wave energy converter; a tripod pontoon; floating supporting structure; a
towing tank; optical tracking device.
Strategy in reducing the pace of the greenhouse gas emission from

the electricity sector in Southeast Sulawesi
M ustarum M usaruddin 1 , a , Aditya Rachm an 2 , b , M uhamm ad Hasbi 2 , c , Akbar Kurdin 3 , d
1
Electrical Engineering Departm ent of Halu Oleo University Andounohu Kendari

Indonesia 9323 2
M echanical Engineering Departm ent of Halu Oleo University Andounohu Kendar i

Indonesia 9323 2
3
Civil Engineering Departm ent of Hal u Oleo University Andounohu Kendari

Indonesia 9323 2
Em ail : a m ustarum @yahoo.com , b aditya_rchm n@yahoo.com ,
c
m uhamm adhasbi@yahoo.com , dakbar.kurdin@yahoo.com
Abstract Climate change in Indonesia is receiving a lot of concern as the nation is the top ten
world largest emitter of the greenhouse gases. To relieve the concern, Indonesia had proposed to
cut the gas emissions by 26 percent by 2020 from business-as-usual (BAU) levels and proposed
a 41 percent emission reduction below BAU target conditional to international support for
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). This study deals with the strategy in
reducing the acceleration of the greenhouse gas emission from the power sector in Southeast
Sulawesi, a developing province in Indonesia with its high electricity demand in recent years. It
calculates of the annual greenhouse emission from the electricity generation mix in this province,
using the projected annual electricity generation and projected power plants installed under the
power supply business plan (RPUTL) of the state electricity company (PLN Indonesia) and the
lifecycle carbon dioxide emission equivalent. Some scenarios are proposed, by varying the
power generation mix in the case of inclusion and exclusion the projected clean renewable
powers in the year of 2020 and 2022. The result shows that in 2020, by the inclusion of the
projected clean renewable powers in the power generation mix (around 5 percent), it can reduce
the annual greenhouse gas emission almost 6 percent. In 2022, by maintaining the amount of the
power generation from fossil sources as those in 2020 and maximizing the use of the clean
powers in the electricity generation mix (around 20 percent), under the power provision plan, it
can reduce the emission by 26 percent.
Keywords: Power sector; greenhouse gas; reduction; strategy; Southeast Sulawesi
Calculation of Potential Wind Power in Indonesia by Using High

Altitude Wind Energy method
Desmas Arifianto Patriawan 1 and Lusia Permata Sari Hartanti 2
1
Department of Mechanical Enginee ring, In stitut Tek nologi Adhi Tama Suraba ya,
Surabaya 60117, Indones ia
2
Department of Industrial Engineer ing, Univ ersitas Pelita Harapan, Su rabaya

60111, Indonesia
Email : 1 patriawan87@gmail.com and 2 lusia.permata@uphsurabaya.ac.id
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the potential of wind power with high altitude wind energy
(HAWE) method. Wind speed data were taken from South Bone Bay (Sulawesi) and Aru Island
(Papua). Data was retrieved using satellite imagery. The data were obtained, then were simulated
into wind power with different heights. Differences in altitude will increase the speed of the
wind, thereby increasing average power at the turbine height from 10 meters to 400 meters
increased by 2.2 times. These results show the potential use of methods HAWE in several areas
in Indonesia.
Keywords: energy, high altitude, potential, stationery airborne, wind.
Feasibility Analyses of Grid/Wind/PV Hybrid Systems for Industrial

Application
Wayan G. Santik a1, Sudirman 1 , I Nyoman Suamir 1
1
Bali State Polytechnic, Buk it Jimbaran Campus, Bali - Indonesia

E-Mail: wayan.santik a@pnb.ac.id
ABSTRACT The present study offers technical and economical analyses of grid-connected
hybrid power systems for a large scale production industry located in Bali. The peak load of
observed system can reach 970.630 kW consuming on average 16 MWh of electricity a day.
Software HOMER was utilized as the optimization tool. The proposed hybrid renewable energy
systems consist of wind turbines, a PV system, a converter, and batteries. The system is
connected to the grid. Optimization results show that the best configuration is the Grid/Wind
hybrid system with the predicted net present cost of -884,896 USD. The negative sign indicates
that revenues (mostly from selling power to the grid) exceed costs. The levelized cost of
electricity of the system is predicted to be -0.013 USD/kWh. The present study also conducts
sensitivity analysis of some scenarios i.e. 50% and 100% increases in grid electricity prices, 50%
reduction of PV and WECS prices, and 10 USD and 50 USD carbon taxes per ton CO2 emission.
Implications of the findings are discussed.
Keywords: Renewable energy; wind energy; PV; grid-connected supply; hybrid system; net
present cost; HOMER
Cooling Load Estimation to Determine the Proper Capacity of Air

Conditioners in the Engineering Building at Engineering Academy of
Soroako
M ukhlis A. Ham arung 1 , a , Harm an 2 ,
1, 2, 3
and Jasm an 3 ,
Engineering Academ y of Soroako, Sorowako, South Sula wesi, Indonesia

92984
Em ail : a m ukhlis@ats -sorowako.ac.id, b harm an@ats -sorowako.ac.id, c jasman@ats-
sorowak o.ac.id
Abstract The comfort of a workspace for some people is a thing which is not negotiable. It is
believed to raise the motivation of people who work in it. A room which is too hot or too cold
may cause people working in it unable to concentrate in a manner that their work performance
will not be optimal or will cause some of their work delayed and eventually lead to the
depression of the workers themselves. From an economic standpoint, this analysis is important
because the greater the capacity of the air conditioning system, the greater the power
consumption. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of heat, which is caused by
external and internal factors, that arise in the Engineering building at Engineering Academy of
Soroako, and to determine the proper capacity of air conditioners which should be installed in
the building. To determine the amount of air conditioning capacity needed in the building, an
analysis of the cooling load that occurs in the building is necessary. Geographical position,
direction of the wall, and building materials are very influential in the absorption of heat from
the outside, while the activities of the occupants, lighting loads, and loads of other electrical
equipment affects the amount of heat that arise. CLTD / CLF / SCL me thods are used in the
calculation, and the data required is measured at the peak of the dry season, which occurs in
October. Our analysis and calculations obtained that, according to its function, the number of
lamps needed in the building are 26 type PL lamps with a power of 23 watts per lamp. The
conduction heat gains and maximum daily infiltration occurred at 2pm with a value of 7.51 kW
and 1.98 kW, respectively, while the internal heat gains and maximum daily radiation occurred
at 3pm with a value of 1.94 kW and 15.41 kW, respectively. It is concluded that the total
maximum daily heat gains that arises is 26.50 kW so the capacity of the air conditioner needed is
6.61 kW or rounded to 8.9 PK.
Keywords: cooling, load, heat, air conditioner, HVAC
The variety of furniture arrangement inside apartment unit around

Jabodetabek area to improve COPc
Bam bang Iskandriawan
Departm ent of Industrial Design, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Plan ning, Institut
Teknologi Sepulu h Nopem ber, Surabaya, Indonesia
Em ail: iskandriawan 10@yahoo.co.uk or bisk@prodes.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT An exploration of wall split air conditioning (AC) unit working in some
apartments around Jabodetabek is conveyed based on the variety of furniture layout. The type of
furniture arrangement of the apartments is exclusively developed to investigate their influence to
the cooling coefficient of performance (COPc). The study was focused on the establishment of
the flow pattern uniqueness depend of the furniture arrangement. Using computational fluid
dynamics tool, several variables were exploited such as apartment location and furniture layout.
It is obtained specific air flow pattern since every single room within operated wall split AC unit
which is control the COPc degrees. There are five furniture layout designs for every city
therefore it is obtained twenty-five different airflow patterns which is influence the performance
of AC unit. It is concluded the best furniture arrangement for all city where it could be operated
within the lowest energy consumption of air conditioning. The effort to reduce the electricity
energy consumption of air conditioning operation in the building industry is in line to the
Indonesia government policy. The selectio n of furniture arrangement which is the best COPc is
the one method to realise the energy saving program. Besides the number of Indonesia apartment
building is very excessive particularly in the big metropolises such as in Jabodetabek (Jakarta,
Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi) area.
Keywords: Furniture arrangement, split air conditioning, apartment unit, Jabodetabek area,
cooling coefficient of performance.
CFD analysis on thermal comfort and indoor air quality affected by

partitions in air-conditioned building
Pradip Aryala and Thana nchai Leephakpreeda b
School of M anufacturing System s and M echanical Engineering, Sirin dhorn
Internation al Institute o f Technology, Tham m asat University, P.O. Box 22,
Tham m asat Rangsit Post Office, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thai land
Em ail: prad.aryal@gm ail.com , bem ail: thanan@siit.tu.ac.th
Abstract This paper presents a CFD analysis on thermal comfort and indoor air quality
affected by partitions in an air-conditioned building. CFD experiments are carried out to simulate
variables of indoor air before/after installation or removal of partitions. Accordingly, the
Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is determined as an indicator of thermal comfort while the carbon
dioxide concentration within an air-conditioned space is used for the assessment of indoor air
quality. Some simulated results are validated by measurements with good agreement where a
case study is conducted in an air-conditioned space of a library. With the proposed
methodology, it can be recommended in a case study that the significant effects of partition on
thermal comfort are observed where the area with neutral sensation and slightly-cool sensation
reduces significantly. The occupants feel uncomfortably cold after installing partition. The
carbon dioxide concentrations slightly increase in some areas but the average concentration
remains acceptable according to ASHRAE standard. Without the reinforcement of the airconditioning units, the installation of partition at the desired location is not encouraged regarding
to occupants thermal comfort and indoor air quality
Keywords: Partition, Thermal comfort, PMV, Indoor air quality, Computational Fluid
Dynamics
Analysis of Effect of Sub Cooling Performance of Vapour

Compression Refrigeration System With Cooling Load Variation
Prayudi 1 , a , Roswati Nurhasanah 2 , b
1, 2
M echanical Engineering College of Engin eering Technol ogy - PLN (STT-PLN)

M enara PLN Jl Lingkar Luar Barat Duri Kosam bi Cengkareng Jakarta Barat
Indonesia, 1175 0
Em ail : a prayudi.sttpln@yahoo.com , b roswatinurhasanah@gm ail.com
ABSTRACT One method to improve the performance of vapor compression refrigeration

system using subcooling and environmentally friendly refrigerant. Hydrocarbon refrigerant is
one of the environmentally friendly refrigerant that are proven to improve the performance of
vapor compression system without sub-cooling. To that end, this for study aimed to analyze the
effect is liquid-suction sub cooller and cooling load on the performance of the vapor
compression refrigeration. Refrigerant R134a and R600a is used, the cooling load variations
using lamps. Sub-cooling heat exchanger mounted between condenser and expansion. Variations
in the mass amount of refrigerant through the sub-cooling is used the valve. The greater the subcooling temperature, the greater the temperature drop in the evaporator, and the cooling effect
increases, and the cooling effect with refrigerant R600a is greater than R134a. The increase in
compressor work is not affected by the magnitude of the cooling load, but is influenced by the
amount of capacity sub-cooling. The greater the sub-cooling and cooling load, the greater the
increase in compressor work. Use of sub-cooling effect COP increase, and the increase COP
R600a is greater than the COP R134a. Broadly speaking that R600a can be used as a substitute
refrigerant R134a
Keywords: liquid-suction subcooling, R134a, R600a and hydrocarbon refrigerant
Performance Improvement Using Subcooling on Freezer with R22 and

R290 as Refrigerant for Various Ambient Temperatures
CECEP Sunardi 1 , LUGA M artin 1 , KASNI Sum eru 1 and HENRY Nasution 2
1
Departm ent of Refrigeration and Air Condit ionin g, Politeknik Negeri Bandun g,
Bandung 4001 2, Indo nesia
Autom otive Developm ent Centre, Faculty of M echanical Engineering Universiti

Teknologi M alaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor M alaysia E -M ail: henry@utm .my
ABSTRACT Vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC) is widely used in freezers. In a

simple cycle of the VCRC, refrigerant in the condenser exit is at liquid saturated line. If the
refrigerant temperature in the condenser exit is further cooled to the subcooled region results in
an increase in the cooling capacity due to low vapor quality of refrigerant entering the
evaporator. The lower the refrigerant quality entering the evaporator, the higher the cooling
capacity on the evaporator. The increase in the cooling capacity enhances the freezer
performance. Subcooling uses liquid suction heat exc hanger (LSHX) is applied to transfer heat
from the exit of the condenser (liquid line) to the suction of the compressor. Because the
temperature of liquid line is higher than that of the suction line, heat flows from liquid line to the
suction line, results in the decrease in temperature of the exit of the condenser and the increase in
the suction temperature (superheating). Consequently, the use of the LSHX is always followed
by superheating on the suction of the compressor. The superheating causes an increase in the
input power. As a result, subcooling using the LSHX is not always followed by the increase in
the coefficient of performance (COP) of the freezer, depending on the type of refrigerant used.
Refrigerant of R22 is widely used as refrigerant in the freezers. Because R22 has a high global
warming potential (GWP), the near future this refrigerant must be phased out. Refrigerant of
R290 (propane) is recommended as a substitute refrigerant for R22. The R290 is a natural
refrigerant, abundant and relatively cheaper than that of R22. This paper investigates the use of
LSHX subcooling in freezer with the evaporating temperature of -20oC for various ambient
temperatures, viz., 30, 35 and 40oC using R22 and R290 as working fluids. It is well known that
the COP of the freezer decreases with an increase in the ambient temperature. As a result, the use
of the LSHX subcooler is expected to enhance the COP of the freezer for the higher ambient
temperatures. There are three parameters, viz., the cooling capacity, t he discharge temperature
and COP improvement will be investigated in the present study. Numerical results showed that
the increase in subcooling and ambient temperature increase the cooling capacity and COP
improvements. In addition, the cooling capacity a nd COP improvements of R290 using the
subcooling of LSHX were higher than that of R22 for all ambient temperatures. Also, the
increase in degree of subcooling enhanced the cooling capacity and COP improvements. For
R22, at the ambient temperature above 35oC is not recommended using LSHX subcooling in
freezers, because it will increase the discharge temperature above 90oC. However, the use of
LSHX subcooling is recommended for all ambient temperatures in freezer using R290, because
the discharge temperature on the freezer is still below 80oC.
Keywords: subcooling; heat exchanger; LSHX; R22; R290
Numerical Investigation on Ejector as an Expansion Device Using

R290 in Residential Air Conditioner for Various Cooling Capacity
ARIES Prih Haryono 1 , KASNI Sum eru 1 , AZHAR Abdul Aziz 2 , and HENRY Nasution 2
1
Departm ent of Refrigeration and Air Condit ionin g, Politeknik Negeri Bandun g
40012, Ind onesia
Autom otive Developm ent Centre, Faculty of M echanical Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi M alaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor M alaysia
E-M ail: henry@utm.my
ABSTRACT Typically, the residential air conditioner uses capillary tube as an expansion
device. The friction between refrigerant flow and pipe wall, and also the changing of the velocity
along capillary tube cause energy loss during expansion. The pressure drop from the condenser
to the evaporator caused by capillary tube is considered isenthalpic process. An ejector as an
expansion device can be used to recover energy loss during expansion process. Many researchers
reported that the use of an ejector as an expansion device in vapor compression refrigeration
cycle (VCRC) may lead to increase in the system performance. In this study, the numerical
investigations were carried out on the residential air conditioners using the VCRC for various
cooling capacity with R290 as working fluid. At present, the working fluid of R22 is widely used
as refrigerant in residential air conditioners. Because R22 has a high global warming potential
(GWP), as a result it must be phased out in the near future. Researchers recommended R290
(propane) as a substitute refrigerant for R22. As a natural refrigerant, R290 is abundant and
relatively cheaper than that of R22. In addition, many studies reported that retrofit from R22 to
R290 in air conditioner may result increase in coefficient of performance (COP). As a result, this
study investigates the use of R290 for replacing R22 in residential air conditioner for various
cooling capacity, viz. 2.5, 3.8 and 5.0 kW or the compressor capacity of 1, 1.5 and 2 HP. Three
equations, i.e., conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy were applied to determine
physical properties on each section of the ejector and the performances of the air conditioners.
The main geometrics parameter of an ejector is area ratio (AR), which is defined as the ratio
between the cross-sectional areas of mixing chamber and motive nozzle. The results showed that
the diameter of motive nozzle is constant with the increase in ambient te mperature, whereas the
mixing chamber diameter slightly increases with the increase in ambient temperature.
Meanwhile, the area ratio of ejector decreases with the increase in compressor capacity. In
addition, the COP improvements of air conditioners are 4.94, 12.24 and 20.28% for ambient
temperature of 30, 35 and 40oC, respectively.
Keywords: cooling capacity; residential air conditioner; ejector; COP improvement.
Improvement of Savonius Blade to Overcome Dead Band on Hybrid

VAWT Savonius-Darrieus for New and Renewable Energy Cluster for
Tropical Country
Erwin 1 , 2 a , Tresna P Soem ardi 1 , b , Anggit Srikuncoro 2 , Erny Listijorini 2 , Rina
Lusiani 2 , Yus Ram a Denny 3
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.

2
M echanic al Engineering Departm ent, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa,

Banten, 42435 , Indon esia
Departm ent of Electrical Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng T irtayasa,

Banten, 42435 , Indon esia
Em ail : a er win@ft-un tirta.ac.id,
tr esnasoem ardi@yahoo.com
Abstract As a tropical country, Indonesia has a wind potential for renewable energy resources,
however the speed of wind cannot move the turbine properly, when the turbine is in a position
not rotate known as a dead band. In order to overcome the dead ba nd, savonius blade at Sultan
wind turbine with the variant 3 is needed to be improved after darriues blade has been improved.
Savonius blade used as early movers, while the blade darrieus functioned as a producer of
torque. The improvement in savonius blades dimensions has been investigated by means of
obtaining the sufficient drag force to rotate the hybrid Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
circuit as well as the curve inside and outside of savonius blades. Therefore, the dimension of
savonius blades could be affected as an early mover of the hybrid turbine at Tip Speed Ration
(TSR) 2 to 4. The dimenstion of savonius was estimated by using Computational Fluid Dynamic
(CFD) simulation. The simulation result shows that the savobius blade with diameter of 300 mm
and length 800 mm, respectively, can increase the drag force compared to that of the static
friction force which is needed to rotate all blades.
Keywords: New Renewable Energy Cluster, Savonius, blade dimension, drag, dead band, selfstarting.
A Couple of Savonius Wind Mill and Centrifugal Reaction Pump as a

Wind Energy Water Pump System
Y.B. Lukiyanto
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Sanata Dharm a University Paingan,
M aguwo harjo, Depok, Slem an, 5528 2, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Em ail : lukiyanto@usd.ac.id
Abstract Wind energy is one of renewable energy which became the center of attention and
grew rapidly. Especially for remote area, wind energy is one of alternative dependable energy
sources which can be used for water lifting. Savonius wind mill can be a solution for
decentralized power generation, with low cost and reduced environmental impacts. This study
observed a couple of Savonius wind mill and a centrifugal reaction pump which used as a wind
energy water pump system (WEWPS). The Savonius wind mill has 0.8 m diameter, 1.0 m
height, 2 stages, 2 buckets in every stage and 0.1 m width of the buckets spacing. The centrifugal
reaction pump with a T-junction has 0.9 m diameter, 0.5 inch nominal diameter for both vertical
and horizontal pipes. Both arms of T-junction have similar dimension and function as impeller.
The pump, which is suitable for low shaft speed, is modified by replacing the couple of fixed
orifices and sliding orifice with double U pipe configuration to restrict the air entering the pipe
channel, either while stopped or rotated. The transmission used to connect both devices is the
couple of belt and pulleys with transmission ratio 7:4. WEWPS started pumping the water at 4.5
m/s wind speed and total head 1.5 m. The wind speed produced low shaft speed 120 rpm, shaft
power 13 Watt and through the transmission putting the pump into cut-on mode.
Keywords: wind energy, Savonius wind mill, centrifugal reaction pump, WEWPS, low shaft
speed
Structural Design Optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Type Darrieus-Savonius
Bam bang Arip Dwiyantoro, Triyogi Yu wo no and Vivien Su phanda ni

Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Institute o f Technology Sepuluh Nopem ber
(ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
ABSTRACT Design of wind turbine are always interesting to be studied. Studies on the
optimal structure design of wind turbine have been studied by many researchers but are still
continued up to now. The present study is intended to investigate the optimal structure design of
Darrieus-Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (DS VAWT) type by using numerical simulation
method. A small 500 W DS VAWT was investigated in this research. Modifications design were
begun with several tasks to find the critical parts of wind turbine, after that the modifications
were analyzed and improved according to the source of weakness. Several modifications were
simulated: shorten the inner shaft and change the inner shaft material. The simulations results
show that the critical part from DS VAWT system is the inner shaft, by shortening the inner
shaft, the structure strength will improved significantly. Changing material did not show a great
improvement.
Keywords: Darrieus-Savonius, wind turbine, structure design, optimization, inner shaft
Simulation Savonius Wind Turbine with Multi-Deflector

Budi Sugiharto 1 , 2 , a , Sud jito Soep arm an 2 , b , Denny W idhiyanuriyawan 2 , c and Slam et
W ahyudi 2 , d
1
M echanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sanata Dharm a

University, Yogyakarta
M echanical Engineering, Faculty of Engine ering, Bra wijaya University, M alang

Em ail : a sugihartobudi@yahoo.co.id, b sudjitospn@yahoo.com
c
denny_m alang2000@yahoo.com , d slam et_w72@yahoo.co.id
Abstract This paper aims to study the windmill savonius with multi-deflector. Multi-deflector
placed around the windmill, which aims to reduced negative torque to the returning blade and
directing the flow of wind to the advancing blade . CFD analysis with ANSYS software. The
initial conditions with variation wind speeds 3, 4, 5 and 6 m / s. The result indicated by velocity
distribution at positions 00, 450, 900 and 1350. The largest static torque occurs at position 450
caused by the greater the Coandalike flow, draggging flow and overlap flow. The greater the
static torque that occurs with increasing wind speeds.
Keywords : :multi-deflector, CFD, static torque, Coanda-like flow, dragging flow, overlap flow
The Dynamic Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Type H

Bam bang Arip Dwiyantoro
Departm ent of M ec hanical Engineering, Institute o f Technology Sepuluh Nopem ber
(ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
ABSTRACT This paper studied about the dynamic characteristics of vertical axis windturbine type H. From the rotor dynamic viewpoint, vertical axis wind-turbine (VAWT) has
weakness point compared to the horizontal axis type wind-turbine. The tower has sustained the
multiple loads except the weight loading of the Wind-Turbines blades itself. All the rotational
loads were transferred directly to the tower. It follows that several problems that often occurred
are natural frequencies vibration with its mode shape. The experimental investigation of the
vibration, by using the static bump test and dynamic test, were performed to acquire the natural
frequencies of the wind-turbine system. Furthermore, by using numerical simulation code
ANSYS, the wind-turbine system was simulated to obtain dynamic response of the wind-turbine
system and to identify the critical parts of the wind-turbine system. The simulations results show
that the critical part of VAWT type H was shown on the tower which may cause significant
dynamic deformation. The natural frequencies and the structural strength of the H type wind
turbine are higher.
Keywords: Wind Turbine, Type H, VAWT, Dynamic Characteristics, Numerical Simulation
Investigation Of Factors Affecting Power Curve Wind Turbine Blade

I Kade W iratam a 1 , a , I M ade M ara 2 , b and I M ade Nuarsa 3 , c
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty of Engineeri ng, University of

M ataram , M ataram , NTB, Indonesia
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty of Engineeri ng, University of

M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Facul ty of Engineeri ng, University of

Em ail : a kwirat am a@tm .ftunram .ac.id, b m ade.m are@ym ail.com ,
c
mnuarsa@yahoo.com
Abstract The present study aims at investigating of factors affecting in enhancing the energy
capture capabilities of performance wind turbine. The considered parameters are turbine swept
area, air density, wind speed, and power coefficient as a function of pitch angle. A tool
aerodynamic analysis based on the Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) is developed to
study the parameters that affect the power curve of blade wind turbine. The study shows that the
operational parameters has a direct effect on the performance of wind turbine which will lead the
developers and researchers to focus on the highest priority parameter that should be considered
for optimizing the new generations of wind turbines blade.
Keywords: Blade Element Momentum Theory, Blade, Pitch, Density
Numerical study of mixed convection around a heated circular

cylinder
Vivien S. Djanali 1 , Ahm ad Nurdian Syah and Syaiful Ri zal
Dept. of M echanical Engineering, Sep uluh Nopem ber Institute of Technology,
Surabaya 60111, Indo nesia
Em ail : 1 vivien_s@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract Wake and heat transfer characteristics around a heated circular cylinder were studied
numerically in this paper. Heat transfer from a heated cylinder to the freestream flow was in
mixed convection regime, with the free convection-bouyancy driven flow in opposite direction to
the forced convection- main flow. Numerical simulations were performed for three Reynolds
numbers of 100, 135 and 200, with the Richardson (Ri = Gr/Re 2 ) numbers varied from 0 to 1.
Results showed that buoyancy force significantly altered wake formation behind the heated
cylinder, further resulted in increasing drag and decreasing Nusselt number
Keywords: Mixed convection, heated cylinder, numerical simulation, counter-flow.
Convective Regimes on Porous Media within Sudden Changed

Channel Due to Tangential Gas Flow
EKO Siswant o1, a,ANGGA Veriyawan Rahana2, b, M OCH. Agus Choiron3,c,
NAGATA Ryuichi4,d, KATSURAYAM A Hiroshi5,e, and KATOH Yasuo6,f
1,2,3M echanical Engineering Dept. of Bra wijaya University, Indonesia 4Energy and
Environm ental Engineering Dept. of Kyushu University, Japan
5,6M echanical Engineering Dept. of Yam aguchi University, Japan
Em ail : a eko_s112@ub.ac.id, b anggaverya wanraha na@yahoo.com ,
c
agus_choiron@ub.ac.id, d nagata@phase.cm.k yushu-u.ac.jp, ek atsura@yamaguchiu.ac.jp , f ykatoh@yam aguchi-u.ac.jp
Abstract .Study of lateral heat distribution in porous media caused by tangentially heated air
flow is presented. Purpose of present study is to investigate effect of air velocity streamed
tangentially, through a sudden enlarged-contracted channel, over a porous media layer toward
heat distribution inside the layer. Air with temperature 373 K, as a heat source, is streamed over
upper- facing of the porous layer, while its intake velocities are varied respectively at 0.5 to 2.5
m/s. Lower- facing of the porous layer, temperature is held on 313 K constant, as a heat sink. The
consolidated porous layer is made from aluminum with porosity 38%. Important informations
are obtained. Sudden enlargedcontracted channel generates nonlinear heat transfer inside the
porous media, whereas the suddenly enlarged channel enhances the molecular conductance, and
the sudden contracted one increases the convective conductance.Thislaminar tangential gas flow
yields the heat transfer takes respectively on free-, forced-, and combined-convective regime. It
is also known that the combined convection is due to air flow at average Reynolds number
231.26.
Keywords: Convective regime, sudden changed channel, tangential flow
Predicting Temperature Profile and Temperature History for Varied

Parameters of a Welding Process Using Rosenthals Approach for
Semi-infinite Solid
Djarot B. Darm adi 1
1
M echanical Engineering at University of Brawijaya, M T Haryono 167 M alang

65148
E-M ail: b_darm adi_djarot@ub.ac.id
ABSTRACT Temperature profile and history can be used to characterize a welding process.
This paper applied Rosenthals thermal solution of a moving heat source over infinite solid to
grab ideas how parameters involved in the welding process affect temperature profile and
temperature history of selected nodes. Based on parametric study, it can be concluded that higher
thermal conductivity caused shallow penetration since the embedded heat tend to spread out to
the cooler region. To obtain equal penetration the power should be increased, but this caused the
faster cooling rate. Increasing the welding speed has equal influence with elevating the specific
heat that causes narrower isothermal lines although their length insignificantly altered.
Keywords : Temperature Profile; Temperature History; Rosenthals Approach; Parametric
Study
Extraction of Essential Oils from Patchouli Plant Using Advanced

Techniques of Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation
Nurkholis Ham idi
The Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Faculty of Engi nee ring, University of
Brawijaya, Jl. M T Haryono 167 M alang, Indonesia
Em ail: ham idy@ub.ac.id
ABSTRACT Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) is an advanced technique for

extraction process, in which microwave heating process is used. MAHD and hydrodistillation
(HD) methods have been studied and the results were compared for their effectiveness in the
extraction of essential oils from patchouli leaves. In present study the MAHD methods was
operated with some levels of electrical power. The results showed that MAHD methods can
reduce the extraction time and increase the yield. MAHD was also found to be a green
technology since it required less energy than HD. The energy consumption of HD is 30% higher
than MAHD. The results also indicated that power levels of MAHD have significant effect on
ultimate extraction yield and time consumption. The higher power of MAHD can obtained
higher ultimate yield.
Keywords : Patchouli; essential oil; microwave-assisted hydrodistillation
The Utilization of Paraffin And Beeswax as Heat Energy Storage in

Infant Incubator
Sekar Sinaringati, Nandy Putra*, M uham m ad Am in, Fitri Afriyanti
Heat Transfer Laboratory, Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, University of
Indonesia, Kam pus UI - Depok, 16424, Indonesia
Em ail: *nandyputra@eng.ui.ac.id
ABSTRACT Electrical energy is generally used for heat source on infant incubator. The infant
incubator operation is dependent on electrical energy. Infant incubator is primary required by
hospital patients particularly for the mother who just giving birth the premature infant. When
electrical energy is shutdown, the infant incubator cannot operate to fulfill that need. The
solution is by creating new technology to look for material, which is capable to keep the heat
energy to warm the infant body if there is no electrical source. Paraffin and beeswax are phase
change materials (PCMs) that are able to give heat energy to warm up infant incubator. Paraffin
and beeswax have high latent heat to keep and release the heat at constant temperature. This
study was focused on the utilization of the comparison of paraffin and beeswax materials as the
sources of heat energy on infant incubator. The results showed that the PCMs can maintain heat
energy at the temperature above 32C for more than 8 hours in the infant incubator room.
However, it was observed that beeswax performed better in heat energy storage than paraffin.
This study suggests the utilization of beeswax as the PCM for infant incubator, and possibly for
any other practical application.
Keywords : Infant incubator, paraffin, beeswax, PCM, melting point, latent hea
Efficiency of Household Gas Stove by Optimizing Gap of Pan and

Stove Cover
Agung Sugeng W idodo
The Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Faculty of Engin eering, University of
Brawijaya, Jl. M T Haryono 167 M alang, Indonesia
Em ail: agung_s w@ub.ac.id
ABSTRACT Efficiency of household gas stove has been investigated by varying the gap
between pan and stove cover. The efficiency was analysed by measuring combustion energy
produced by LPG, cover surface and water temperature used in cooking process. Ceramic cover
was used since this cover sho previous researches. Gap between pan and stove cover was varied
in 1 mm to 7 mm with increment of 1 mm. The results showed that in certain fuel rate of 0.0125
l/s, the gap of 4 mm indicate optimum condition was simultaneous achieved in convection and
radiation heat transfer processes of the heating system
Keywords : stove cover, efficiency, ceramic, gap
Design Concept of Small Long-Life PWR Using Thorium Fuel M

NURUL Subkhi 1 , 2 , a , ZAKI Suud 1 , b , ABDUL W aris 1 , c and SIDIK Perm ana 1 , d
1
Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Group ,Faculty of M athem atics and
Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Techno logy, Ganesha 10 Bandung,
Indonesia
Physics Dept.,Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islam ic University of

Sunan Gunung Djati Ban dung, A.H Nasution 105 Ban dung, In donesia
Em ail : a nsubkhi@students.fi.itb.ac.idl, b szaki@fi.itb.ac.id, c a waris@fi.itb.ac.id,

d
psidik@fi.itb.ac.id
Abstract Long life reactor is a nuclear power plant which can be operated 10-30 years of
operation without the need for refueling. Such Nuclear Power Plant is very good to supply
electricity in remote area in Indonesia and in general outside Java Bali Area. Here, a Design
study of small long- life Pressurized Water Reactor using thorium cycle has been performed with
fuel fraction 60%. The neutronic calculations were performed by PIJ SRAC code using nuclear
data library based on JENDL 4.0, while the core burn up calculations were optimized in whole
X-Y-Z geometry by COREBN. The strategy is by the reduction of moderator by adopting tight
lattice model based on hexagonal geometry cell and by the use of Pa-231 as burnable poisson
material which give good long life core during burnup time. The optimization of 350 Mwt small
long life PWR based on thorium nitride fuel system has excess reactivity as low as about 1%
dk/k and flatted power distribution during its operation.
Keywords : Small long-life, thorium fuel, conversion ratio, burn up, excess reactivity, power
distribution
The Effect of Pretreatment and Variety of Microorganisms to the

Production of Ethanol from Coffee Pulp
Tri W idjaja 1 *, Ali Alt way 1 , Siti Nurkham idah 1 , Luluk Edah wati 2 , F ibrill ian Zata Lini 1 ,
Fixalis Oktafia 1
Departm ent of Chem ical Engineering 1 Sepul uh Nopem ber Institute of Technol ogy,
Surabaya 60111
2
University of Pem bangunan Nasional Veteran , East Java, Surabaya 60294

1
*Corresponding Author s E -m ail: papatri2003@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT Nowadays, the world is facing fossil energy problems such as the rarity of
petroleum and natural gas because these kinds of energy cannot be renewed. Therefore, the
discovery of renewable energy source is very important to fulfil the worlds energy require ments
that will always increase. Coffee pulp is one of the materials that can be used to produce glucose
and xylose. The purpose of this study is to produce bioethanol from coffee pulp by utilized both
cellulose and hemicellulose components. Coffee pulp is chosen because its production reached
743 kg/ha and has not been used properly. The compositions of coffee pulp are 63% cellulose;
2.3% hemicellulose; 17% lignin; 11.5% protein; 1.8 to 8.56% tannin and 6.5% pectin. Coffee
pulp contains of high lignin, therefore pretreatment must be carried out to lower the lignin.
Organosolv method is capable not only to produce large amount of high-quality and relatively
pure lignin but also to dissolve most of the hemicellulose. The substrate of organosolv
pretreatment has higher cellulose and hemicellulose contain than another alternative method.
Alkaline method was used to compare the effectivity between alkaline and organosolv method.
Cellulose and hemicellulose which are generated from chemical pretreatment, are being
hydrolyzed using pure cellulase and xylene enzyme to be converted to glucose and xylose. Then,
continue the hydrolysis to fermentation using variation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
Zymomonas mobilismutant (A3) and Pichia stipitis to ferment xylose and glucose to be ethanol.
From this research, we got the best pretreatment process that was shown in Organosolv
pretreatment using 50% (v/v) ethanol with the result 0.20% (w/w) of lignin; 52.24% (w/w) of
cellulose and 11.48% (w/w) of hemicellulose. The best result of pretreatment was the one which
produce the highest cellulose and hemicellulose has no effect relatively. Cellulose and
hemicellulose from coffee pulp hydrolyzed by using mixture of pure cellulose and xylene
enzyme at temperature 60oC, pH 3 for 30 hours. Reduction sugar yield obtained from hydrolysis
is 0,164 gram reduction sugar/gram coffee pulp. Hydrolysis using 50% ethanol with the mixture
of pure enzymes gave the best result as productive as 3.480 reduction sugar/gram cellulose and
hemicelluloses. High reduction sugar from enzymatic hydrolysis correlated with high
concentration of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Then for the highest yield of bioethanol by
fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 0,065 gram ethanol/ gram glucose and xylose.
Keywords : bioethanol, organosolv method, alkaline method, hydrolysis, fermentation
DEGRADATION OF GLYCEROL WITH SONICATION METHOD: the

influence of the addition of a heterogeneous catalyst
Ruslan Kalla 1 , S.Sum arno 2 , M .M ahfud 3 .
Chem ical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty of Industrial Technology Sepulu h
Nopem ber Institute of Technology Surabaya, Indonesia 60 117
E-m ail : m ahfud@chem-eng.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT Indonesia is currently developing a renewable energy-based vegetable oils

include the development of biodiesel. One way of making biodiesel is the transesterification
process from vegetable oils and ethanol/methanol. The transesterification process will produce
primary products such as methyl ester and byproducts /waste in the form of glycerol
approximately 10-15 % so that glycerol is quite abundant. Degradation of glycerol were
processed by the method of sonication can produce many other compounds include acrolein. The
purpose of this study was to determine the effect of phosphoric acid catalyst in the degradation
of glycerol. The process of production is done in sonication reactor type 316 stainless steel is
equipped with an ultrasonic wave generator. The operating conditions of research is atmospheric
pressure with water glycerol mass ratio is 1: 8. Research variable is the temperature of sonication
30 and 40 oC, sonication time is 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 minutes with and without the use of
catalysts. Results of the experiment were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC). The
results showed that the ultrasonic wave radiation for glycerol degradation process can be used to
produce other compounds such as acrolein and others. With the use of H3PO4 catalyst
conversion is greater than without using a catalyst and increases with sonication time. The
highest conversion obtained with the use of catalysts H3PO4 is 59.62 % in the sonication time of
90 minutes and a temperature of 40 C, while the highest yield obtained was 42.22 % with the
use of a catalyst H3PO4 at sonication time of 90 minutes and a temperature of 40 oC.
Keywords : Glycerol, sonication, acrolein, phosphoric acid
The Effect of Nitrogen Stress in Medium for Increasing Carbohydrate

as A Bioethanol Source and Carotenoid as An Antioxidant from
Chlorella Zofingiensis Culture
Eko Agus Suyono 1 , 2 , a , Um i M uavatun 1 , b , Faridatul Husna 1 , c , Husnul Khotim ah 1 , d , Ika
Prati wi 1 , e , Rahm ah Husna 1 , f , Fitri Cahyani 1 , g , Yuni Pur want i 1 , h , Thoriq Teja
Sam udra 1 , i
1
Faculty of Biology, Gadjah M ada University Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281 2Centre f or Energy Studies, Gadjah M ada University
Sekip K1A, Kam pus UGM , Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
Em ail: a eko_suyono@ugm .ac.id, b um i_agst45@yahoo.com ,
faridatul.husna@m ail.ugm .ac.id, d husnul.khotim ah@m ail.ugm .ac.id,
e
ika.prati wi@m ail.u gm .ac.id, f rahm a.husna@m ail.ugm .ac.id,
g
fitri.cahyani@m ail.ugm .ac.id, h yuni.p@ugm .ac.id, itsam udra.thoriq@gm ail.com
c
Abstract .Chlorella zofingiensis is a prospective microalgae because it is mainly as carotenoid

producer, such as astaxanthin. However, its carbohydrates could be also as promising source of
bioethanol. Furthermore, Nitrogen stress treatment is reported used for increasing both
carbohydrate and carotenoid of some microalgae. Therefore, this study aimed to increase
carbohydrate and carotenoid of microalgae C. zofingiensis by using low and high nitrogen
excess in the growth medium. The mediums were consisted of local compound fertilizer
(farmpion), urea and ZA with a ratio of 0.25:0.5:1(low nitrogen excess medium) and 0.5: 1:
2(high nitrogen excess medium). Its cells density, carotenoid, and carbohydrate were measured
every day for 7 days. The cell density was calculated using haemcytometer under light
microscope. The carotenoid was measured using spectrophotometer with absorbance at a
wavelength of 470, 645 and 662 nm. The carbohydrate was measured using sulfuric acid method.
The results showed that the nitrogen stress treatment was able to increase carbohydrates and
carotenoids approximately twice in C. zofingiensisas culture as source of bioethanol and
antioxidant.
Keywords: Chlorella zofingiensi, nitrogen,carotenoid, carbohydrate
The Effect of Rumen and Mixed Microorganism (Rumen and Effective

Microorganism) on Biogas Productionfrom Rice Straw Waste
Tri W idjajaa*, Ali Alt waya, Setiyo Guna wana, Noviyantoa
a
Departm ent of Chem ical Engineering Sepul uh Novem ber Institute of Technology,
Surabaya 60111 Indo nesia
*Corresponding Author s E -m ail: papatri2003@yahoo.com
Abstract The worlds fossil fuel sources are rapidly diminishing. Nowadays, the research and
development of renewable energy is very important and using lignocellulosic materials to make
biogas are the potential one. Rice straw waste was very potential material to be lignocellulosic
biomass because Indonesia has a lot of rice straw waste excessively.Microorganisms that can
degrade cellulose, lignocellulose and hemicellulose are needed to produce biogas from rice straw
waste. In this study, rumen microorganism and the combination between rumen and effective
microorganism were used as a new hypothesis. Effective microorganism was rarely used in
former study. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of rumen microorganism and the
combination between rumen and effective microorganism to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a
good quality of methane and high productivity rate.The experiment was covered out in several
steps, first, rice straw waste was dried under sunlight for 3-4 days and grinded to become
powder. Then, the powder was diluted in the water with 1:2 ratio and the microorganism was
inoculated in 21 days, at 30-40oC, pH 6-7 and 1 atm. The inoculation was done in a 6 liters batch
digester with 60% working volume. Cow dung microorganism was used as control
microorganism.The highest yield and production rate of methane in 21 days were 0.6111
Nm3/kgCODremoval and 0.02505 Nm3/day respectively in 15% (v/v) of rumen. Meanwhile in
10% (v/v) microorganism combination, the yield and production rate were 0.365
Nm3/kgCODremoval and 0.00059 Nm3/day. Heating value was analyzed after stationary phase
and the highest heating value was 744.72Btu/Scf in 5% (v/v) of rumen. Combustion test showed
that the fire was blue. It shown that the gas produced has good quality and it can be concluded
that rumen microorganism is better than microorganism combination based on the yield,
production rate and quality of the gas produced.
Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biogas, effective microorganism, rice straw waste, rumen fluid
microorganism
Study of Composition of Water Mulsion Fuel by Taguchi Experimental

Method
Agung Sudrajad 1 , Ipick Setia wan 1 , Achm ad Faisal 2
1)
2)
Departem ent of M echanical Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng T irtayasa

Research & Developm ent of LG Corporation Indonesia Jl. Jend. Sudirm an Km .3
Cilegon, 424 35
Em ail : agung@untirta. ac.id
ABSTRACT The fuel used in the vehicles were containing of air pollutants. To overcome these
problems the researchers and engineers are create a way for using a green fuel. One method
used was water emulsion fuel . This study is aims to identify the characteristics of the water
emulsion fuel using Taguchi experimental design method and determine the characteristics of the
water emulsion fuel through Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GCMS). The test results was seen pure diesel fuel MDO begin to
decompose at temperatures of 230C, whereas all samples of water emulsion fuel average
decomposes at a temperature of 110C.
Keywords: emulsion fuel, diesel fuel, taguchi method, TGA, GCMS
The Calorific Values of Solid and Liquid Yields Consequenced by

Temperatures of Mahogany Pyrolysis
W idya W ijayanti 1 , M ega Nur Sasongko 2 , Purnam i 3
1, 2, 3
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Bra wi jaya University Jl. M T. Haryono

167, M alang, Indo nesia 65145
E-M ail: widya_dinata@u b.ac.id
ABSTRACT Due to the potential pyrolysis products to be bio- fuels, the pyrolysis yield
products were measured its calorific indicating important-physical properties of fuel. The study
aims to analyze the influence of different temperatures on the calorific value of pyrolysis by
means of calorimetrical measurement. The biomass feedstock used was mahogany wood, and
then it would be pyrolyzed in the slow pyrolysis experimental run. The pyrolysis temperatures
were conducted from 250C to 800C and the heating rate at each process was 0.44C/sec. It
was accompanied to proceed for 3 hours. The influence of temperature toward the solid (char)
and liquid (tar) yields were examined by means of a bomb calorimeter. The result was presented
by the potential products of mahogany wood pyrolysis in the mass and volume changes of char
dan tar. Then, the char and tar were measured its calorific values. The calorific value of
untreated mahogany wood (before pyrolyzed) were around 3700 kal/g, but the pyrolysis
treatment significantly increased its calorific values in various pyrolysis temperatures. It referred
that the calorific values of solid yields were pointed in the increasing values with the increasing
of pyrolysis temperature, however, the calorific values of tar inclined up to temperature of
500C, however, it would decline because the density of tar become lower. The variance in
calorific values could be attributed to the chemical composition of the mahogany wood; indeed,
it was known a larger amount of carbon percentage. Furthermore, the percentage of carbon tends
to increase in the pyrolysis wood.
Keywords: calorific value, solid yield, liquid yield, mahogany, pyrolysis
The Effect of CO2 Fraction on the Flame Stability of Biogas Premixed

Flame
M ega Nur Sasongko 1 , and W idya W ijayanti 1
1
M echanical Engineering, University of Brawi jaya Jalan M ayjend Haryono 167

M alang, East Java, Indonesia 65145
E-M ail: m egasasongko@ub.ac.id
ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of CO2 on flame structure and stability
of premixed flames biogas using counterflow flame configuration. In this research, the CO2
fraction in Biogas was varied from 0% to 50%. The total mass flow of gas flowed from both
combustion nozzle was varied within 6 L / min and 8 L / min. The burning behavior of biogas
counterflow flames were photographed by digital camera. Besides, the stability limit of
counterflow diffusion flame was characterized by the minimum oxygen concentration at
extinction. The results showed that the CO2 content in the biogas affect the characteristics of
premixed flame, especially the change of a blue flame to blue flame with lower luminosity when
increasing CO2 concentration. On the other hand, the variation in the oxygen concentration has
more significant effect on the dimension of the premixed flame compared to the effects of the
CO2 content in the biogas. The flash back phenomena exist in the counterflow premixed flame
when the equivalence ratio of reactant close to 1. It means that the biogas combustion is
recommended to be done in the equivalence ratio close to 1 in order to obtain the best
combustion performance. The results also showed that the highest concentration of oxygen
minimum to keep the biogas premixed flame remained stable occurred in the percentage of CO2
in the biogas is 30%. This result could be explained based on the composition of unburned CH4
and CO2 gas in the combustion process
Keywords: Biogas; premixed flame; CO2 fraction; counterflow configuration; flame stability
Design and Modeling Pile Breakwater for LNG Jetty at Senoro Field,
Central Sulawesi
Kriyo Sam bodho 1 , a , M uhamm ad Zikra 1 ,c , M . Aldhiansyah R.F. 2 , b and Yeyes
M ulyadi 1 , d
1
Departm ent of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknol ogi Sepu luh Nopem ber,
Surabaya, Indonesia
Under water an d Seabed Laboratory, Ocean Engineering Departm ent, Institut

Teknologi Sepulu h Nopem ber, Indonesia
Em ail : a dhodhott@gm ail.com , b aldhi ansyah11@m hs.oe.its.ac.id,
c
m zikro@gm ail.com , dyeyes@gm ail.com
Abstract Senoro Gas Development Project is one part of a joint project between Pertamina and
Medco E&P in the field of oil and gas exploration, located in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Senoro gas field built a jetty as berthing facility with length around 500 m from the shore. Based
on the survey results showed that significant wave height is 2.7 m height at jetty area, while the
requirement for vessel berthing larger than 50.000DWT is 0.7 to 1.5 m. Therefore, pile
breakwater was planning to build in Senoro jetty area to protect and to reduce the wave height.
From bathymetry data shows that the water depth in front of the jetty is between 20-30m. In this
case, breakwater conventional or rubble mound type will not be effective for this depth. Thus,
pile breakwater is one of the solutions as protection structures for protecting the jetty area from
wave attack. The objective of this study is to modeling the performance of pile breakwater to
reduce wave height with numerical model. For this study, analysis of the performance of the
breakwater is done with numerical model of computational fluid dynamic analysis. The results
indicated that pile breakwater was able to reduce the wave height for safety berthing
requirement.
Keywords: Pile breakwater, waves, port
Mechanical Design, Structure, Vibration
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of HydroMagneto-Electric-Regenerative Shock Absorber

Harus Laksana Guntur 1 , a , W iwiek Hendro wat i 1 , b
1
Dynam ic System and Vibration Lab oratory, Departm ent of M echanical

Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Sepu luh Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
a
haruslg@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. Regenerative shock absorber is designed to convert the vibration energy losses from
the vehicle suspension into electricity. This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic
characteristics of hydromagneto-electric-regenerative shock absorber (HMERSA). Study was
carried out by developing a prototype of HMERSA and testing its dynamic characteristics. The
results were analyzed and discussed. Prototype of the HMERSA consists of hydraulic system
and electric generator. The HMERSA was tested using a quarter car suspension test rig with
input displacement in various frequency (1.3Hz, 1.5Hz, 1.7Hz) and for HMERSAs various oil
viscousity (ISO VG 10, 32, 46). Sprung mass acceleration and the generated electric power
representing the dynamic characteristics of HMERSA were measured. Maximum power 2.5 watt
and root mean square acceleration 0.172 m/s2 gained for HMERSA with oil viscousity ISO VG
10 at all excitation frequency.
Keywords: Regenerative shock absorber, vehicle suspension, regenerated electricity
Peristaltic Mechanism to Mimic The Esophageal Swallowing Process

A. Caballero-Ruiz 1 , J. Hernnde z-Angulo 2 , M . Ram rez-Calera 3 , G. Ascanio 4 and L.
Ruiz-Huerta 5
M ADiT-CCADET, Universidad Nacional Autonom a de M exico, Circuito Exterior,
Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 DF, M exico.
E-M ail: albcaru@unam .mx
ABSTRACT
A physical model of a human esophagus has been developed in order to get insight about some
swallowing disorders such as dysphagia. Reproducing the human swallowing process, on an
experimental way, represents an excellent opportunity for the study of various disorders that
impair its function, and for the development of new foods and tec hnologies for their treatment.
The swallowing process is based on a peristaltic contraction and expansion waves. In this work,
the development of a peristaltic system to reproduce the swallowing process is presented. The
peristaltic system is composed of a rubber structure that contains an array of chambers actuated
by pressurized air to generate the peristaltic wave. The proposed design is based on the finite
element analysis of different CAD models of the peristaltic system varying the geometrical
characteristics of the chambers in order to satisfy the shape of the mathematical models of the
esophagus peristaltic wave proposed in previous works. The fabrication of the selected peristaltic
system and its evaluation by means of an X-ray system is reported. The proposed
instrumentation and the computational interface of the system are presented as well.
Keywords: Swallowing, esophagus, peristaltic actuator, dysphagia.
Thrust Force of Three Circular Windings of Conductor in Magnetic

Field
Sigit Is wahyudi 1 , a , W andi Arnandi 1 , b
1
a
Engineerin g Faculty, Tidar University, Indonesia
sigit.is wahyudi@unti dar.ac.id , b wa ndiarnan di@gm ail.com
Abstract. An initial study of manipulated electric motor design to produce one axis thrust force
without rotation was conducted. A cylindrical electromagnetic propulsion system has a diameter
of 75 mm and a height of 90 mm made of ST 60 steel was tested. The system has a coil as
conductor carrying current to produce thrust force and a coil to produce magnetic flux in its inner
part. There were three windings of coils producing forces have effective diameter of 32 mm that
were varied in their loops distance. The coil producing magnetic flux has 148 windings of 1 mm
isolated cable on ferrite core. The thrust forces produced by the specimen were tested by
measuring its weight change when one of or both of the coils were opened and/or closed circuit.
Keywords: electromagnetic propulsion, sink-source magnetic flux system, thrust force
An Improved Load-Displacement Prediction For A Coned Disc Spring

Using The Engergy Method
Noor Fa wazi 1 , Jung-Youn Lee
Intell igent Dynam ic System i-Kohza, M alaysia-Japan Internation al Institute of

Technology (MJIIT), UTM International Cam pus, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 5410 0
Kuala Lum pur, M alaysia
2
Kyounggi University, School of M echanical System Engineering, Youn g Dong -Gu,

Su won , Kyongi-Do, Korea.
E-M ail: fa wazi.kl@utm .m y
ABSTRACT An improved computation of the load-displacement prediction for a coned disc

spring is proposed. This work is an extension work of the previous proposed energy-based
computation for coned disc springs. To show the validity of the improved method, the loaddisplacement results using the improved computation, the previous proposed method, and the
finite element analyses are compared. In this work, the improved computation and the finite
element analyses have accounted for the radial deflection of the disc spr ing in the form of energy
method. This is different in the previous work where the radial deflection of the disc spring was
ignored and the comparison to the finite element analyses without accounting the radial
deflection is not practical. The present work makes the comparison to the finite element analyses
to be more reasonable and more practical.
Keywords: Coned Disc Spring ; Energy Method ; Load-Displacement ; Radial Stresses ;
Tangential Stresses
Stress Analysis for a Substrate Holder Module and Thin Films Grown
in an MOCVD Reactor
Shu-W ei Guo and Chih-Kuang Lin*
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Nationa l Central University, Jhong -Li
District,
Tao-Yuan 32001, T ai wan
*E-m ail: t330014@cc.ncu.edu.tw
Abstract. The aim of this work is, using finite element analysis, to study the effects of thermal
load and rotation speed on the structural integrity of a substrate holder module in an MOCVD
reactor. Several loading conditions are considered, including thermal load and rotational speeds
of 0-1500 rpm. In addition, the wafer bow and residual stress of GaN film grown on silicon or
sapphire wafer are systematically studied. Simulation results indicate the variation of critical
stress with rotation speed in all of the components is small. Given a similar heat source in the
MOCVD reactor, temperature of the upper components such as susceptor, substrate holders, and
wafers is higher in the case of sapphire wafer than that in the case of silicon wafer. The
temperature gradient of upper components is greater for the silicon wafer case. A greater
temperature gradient in the film-substrate system generates a greater wafer bow and residual
stress in the grown thin film. Therefore, temperature uniformity is an important parameter for the
epitaxial process. The sign of residual stress is different between a GaN film grown on a sapphire
wafer and a silicon wafer (compressive for sapphire wafer and tensile for silicon wafer). For
growing a GaN thin film, sapphire wafer is better than silicon wafer in terms of lessening
cracking in film.
Keywords: MOCVD; substrate holder module; thin film; stress analysis
Analysis of the Influence of Hydraulic Cylinder Diameter to the Total

Damping Force and the Generated Electricity of Regenerative Shock
Absorber
LAKSANA GUNTUR Harus
Dynam ic System and Vibration Laborat ory, Departm ent of M echanical Engineering
E-M ail: haruslg@m e.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT This paper deals with analysis on the influence of hydarulic cylinder diameter and
oil viscousity to the total damping force and the regenerated electric power of hydro- magnetoelectric-regenerative shock absorber (HMERSA). HMERSA is aimed to convert the vibration
energy losses from the vehicle suspension into electricity. As HMERSA consists of mechanical
and electrical system, the total damping force characteristics and the regenerated electric power
will be influenced by its mechanical and electrical damper characteristics. In HMERSA, the
mechanical damper depends on the design of the hydraulic cylinder diameter, oil viscousity and
the existing head loss, while the electrical damper is affected by the electric generator
characteristics and battery state of charge.In this study, a previously developed prototype of
HMERSA was mathematically modelled, simulated and analyzed. The influence of hydraulic
cylinder-tube diameter ratio (3.2, 4, 5) to the total damping force and the regenerated electric
power of HMERSA were simulated. The results are presented, analyzed and discussed in this
paper.
Keywords: Regenerative shock absorber, cylinder diameter, oil viscousity, damping force,
regenerated electric power
Response Reduction of Two DOF Shear Structure Using TMD and

TLCD by Considering Absorber Space Limit and Fluid Motion
Lovely Son 1 , a , M ulyadi Bur 1 , b and M eifal Rusli 1 , c
1
a
Kam pus Lim au M anis, Andalas Universiy, Indonesia
lovelyson@ft.unand.ac.id , b m ulyadibur@ft.unan d.ac.id , c m eifal@ft.unan d.ac.id
Abstract. A Combination of dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) consist of Tuned Mass

Damper (TMD) and Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD) for reducing vibration response of a
two-DOF shear structure model is proposed. The absorber parameters are optimized using
Genetic Algorithm (GA). The cost function is derived from the ratio between structure response
and the excitation signal. The limitation in absorber space and fluid motion are considered during
optimization process. The simulation results show that GA optimization procedure is effective to
get the optimal absorber parameters in the case of limited absorber size and motion.
Keywords: vibration, absorber, TMD, TLCD, GA.
Anchor Strength Analysis for Mooring of a Floating Breakwater in

Senoro Field, Central Sulawesi
Yeyes M ulyadi 1 , a , Kriyo Sam bodho 1 , b , M . Arif W icaksono 3 , c and
M uhamm ad Zikra 1 , d
1
Surabaya, Indonesia
Operation Research Laboratory, Ocean Engineering Departm ent, Institut

Teknologi Sepulu h
Nopem ber, Indonesia
yeyesm ulyadi@gm ail.com , b dhodhott@yahoo.com , c wicakarifsono@yahoo.co.id ,

d
m zikro@oe.its.ac.id
Abstract
This paper will describe complete investigations of the analysis anchor strength for mooring of a
floating breakwater in Senoro Field. The terminal has berthing facilities located in a water depth
about 30 meters, with the wave height of 2.7 meters that made difficult for tanker to berth
properly. The requirement for berthing ships must have minimum wave heights of 0.7 meters to
1.5 meters as a requirement [1]. Considering the previously mentioned, a floating breakwater has
suggested for reducing wave height. The purpose of this final project is to determine the tension
mooring line and anchor pile strength to withstand all possible working loads. Response
amplitude operator (RAO) of floating breakwater is used to find the structure characteristic as a
response due to wave action. Based on the study, wire rope mooring was chosen due to its safety
factor passed API RP 2SK standard, such as the biggest tension is 1389,68 kN on line 1 and the
smallest is 1157,72 kN on line 8. Calculate anchor pile strength with three types: spun piles, spun
square piles, and triangular piles. Anchor pile could be installed depending on three main factors,
uplift capacity, bearing capacity and pile in compression. Based on the analysis, uplift capacity
result fot pile F is 1960.1 kN, while uplift load result is 1958.47 kN, and pile in compression
result is 4155 kN while allowable compression result is 5532 kN. For pile G, uplift capacity
result is 1960.7 kN, while uplift load result is 1958.47 kN, and pile in compression result is 4599
kN, while allowable compression result is 7189 kN.
Keywords: Floating Breakwater, RAO, Mooring, Anchor, Pile
Mechanical Analysis of the Prosthetic Knee in Flexion

Daniel Rodrigo Castillo Brit o 1 , Olga Lucia Ram os Sandoval 2 and Dario Am aya
Hurtado 3
1, 2, 3
Nueva Granada M ilitary University, Carrera 11 101 -80, Bogot D.C., Colom bia.
E-M ail: olga.ram os@unim ilitar.edu.co
ABSTRACT In early years, virtual simulation tools have allowed a large set of developments,
both in education and in the medical field, as in strain analysis, by using finite element methods
(FEM) we can get approximations close to the reality of the mechanical behavior of an object. In
medicine, specifically in the orthopedic field, it is necessary to perform a biomechanical analysis
of the prostheses and of the various elements that they replace, with the aim of identifying
possible failures in the tissues. Considering the above, in the following article describes the
analysis of movement of the prosthetic knee simulation with elastic elements such as springs to
approximate the behavior of the ligaments, including a stress analysis of the joint using finite
element, where the results show a coefficient of reliable safety structure, safe from breakage.
Keywords: Knee motion analysis; Stress simulation; Strain simulation.
Finite element analysis of asymmetric stent for treatment of eccentric

plaque
Achm ad Syaifudin1,2,a, Ryo Takeda3,b and Katsuhiko Sasaki3,c
1Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Institut Teknol ogi Sepu luh Nopem ber,
Indonesia
2Graduate School of Engine ering, Hokkaido University, Japan
3Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan
asaifudin@m e.its.ac.id, br.takeda@eng.hokudai.ac.jp, ckatsu@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
Abstract. Stenting process for plaque with eccentric geometry generates an imbalance stress
within structural layer surrounding the stent, due to different elasticity between fibrous cap and
healthy intima. Excessive stress within smooth intima layer may cause in-stent restenosis which
was preceded by arterial wall inflammation. This paper develops balloon-expandable stent with
asymmetric dilatation using finite element method to reduce excessive pressure onto intima
layer. Asymmetric stent is derived from Sinusoidal stent type with several step modifications
such as lengthen struts length, modifying bridges and widen struts width. These design
consideration are clarified using FEM simulation in previous study. Ongoing research work is to
observe fracture analysis for plaque vulnerability and arterial wall inflammation surrounding the
stent. Therefore, nonlinear transient analysis for simulating FEM model consists of balloon,
stent, plaque, and vessel wall is needed. The eccentric plaque is designed to clog most of the
blood vessel hole with 0.67 of eccentricity index. Material properties assigned in simulation are
stainless steel 316 for stent, polyethylene terephthalate for balloon, caro tid plaque type
fibroatheroma for plaque and carotid artery for vessel wall. The material behaviors are defined as
multilinear isotropic for stent and hyperelastic nearly incompressible for the balloon, plaque
layer and arterial wall tissue. 3D symmetrical model will be developed in order to reduce
computational time.
Keywords: asymmetric stent, offset balloon, plaque eccentricity, FEM.
An Improved Energy Based Load-Displacement Prediction for Slotted

Disc Spring
Noor Fa wazi 1 , Jung-Youn Lee
Intell igent Dynam ic System i-Kohza, M alaysia-Japan Internation al Institute of

Technology (MJIIT), UTM International Cam pus, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 5410 0
Kuala Lum pur, M alaysia
2
Kyounggi University, School of M echanical System Engineering, Young Dong -Gu,

Su won , Kyongi-Do, Korea.
E-M ail: fa wazi.kl@utm .m y
ABSTRACT
An improved calculation of the load-displacement prediction for a slotted disc spring is
proposed. There are two types of slotted disc spring; a straight slotted disc spring and a bended
slotted disc spring. By considering these two types of slotted disc spring, this work attempts to
extend the previous work on load-displacement prediction for the slotted disc spring using the
energy method. To show the validity of the improved method, the load-displacement results
using the improved computation, the previo us proposed method, and the finite element analyses
are compared. In this work, the improved computation and the finite element analyses have
accounted for the radial deflection of the disc spring which is different in the previous work. The
radial deflection of the disc spring was ignored in the previous work and the comparison to the
finite element analyses without accounting the radial deflection is not practical. The present
work is compared to the finite element analyses which make the comparison to be more
reasonable and more practical.
Keywords: Straight Slotted Disc Spring ; Bended Slotted Disc Spring ; Energy Method ; LoadDisplacement ; Radial Stresses ; Tangential Stresses
Influence of Spring Ratio on Variable Stiffness and Damping

Suspension System Performance
Unggul W asiwiton o 1 ; a , Agus Sigit Pram ono 2 ; b , I Nyom an Sutantra 1 ; c , and
Yunarko Triwinarno 3 ; d
1
Autom otive Laboratory, M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty of Industrial

Technology,
Institut Teknologi Sepu luh Nopem ber (ITS), Surabay a, Indonesia
2
Solid M echanics Laboratory, M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty of

Industrial
Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepu luh Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
3
Vibration a nd Dynam ics Laboratory, M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty

of Industrial
Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepu luh Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
a
unggul@m e.its.ac.id , b pram ono@m e.its.ac.id , c tantra@m e.its.ac.id ,

d
yunarko@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. The variable stiffness and damping (VSVD) suspension system offers an interesting
option to improve driver comfort in an energy efficient way. The aim of this study is to analyze
the influence of the spring ratio on the VSVD. The realization of the VSVD is obtained by the
application of variable damping with magnetorheological (MR) damper. In this study, the
nonlinear damping force characteristic of the MR damper is modeled with the Bouc-Wen model
and the road disturbance is modeled by a stationary random process with road displacement
power spectral density. It is shown from simulation that VSVD has a potential benefit in
improving performance of vehicle suspension
Keywords: Variable stiffness and damping, Magnetorheological damper, Bouc-Wen model,
Vehicle suspension performance
Design and Modeling Fender System for Condensate and Sulphuric

Acid Jetty at Senoro Field, Central Sulawesi
M uhamm ad Zikra 1 , a , Kriyo Sam bodho 1 , c , T. Abdul M anan S 2 , b
and Yeyes M ulyadi 1 , d
1
Surabaya, Indonesia
Under water an d Seabed Laboratory, Ocean Engineering Departm ent, Institut

Teknologi Sepulu h
Nopem ber, Indonesia
Em ail : a m zikro@gm ail.com , b teukum anan@gm ail.com , c dhodhott@gm ail.com
Abstract This paper describes detailed investigations of the analysis and design of a proposed
fender system for PT. Pertamina Medco E&P. Fender is basically the interface between a
vessel and the berth facility. This medium serves to absorb a certain portion of the kinetic energy
of a vessel without damage to the vessel and the waterfront structure [1]. Finite elements analysis
was performed on a cell fender system subjected to impact load caused by a vessel collision. The
impact load was converted into equivalent static load. The selection of the most efficient fender
system is based on the principle on energy absorption of the system to the impact load and stress
analysis deflection. Fender system consist of steel structure property for fender panel and styrene
butadiene rubber property for fender rubber was designed for Condensate and Sulphuric Acid
Jetty with maximum tensile strength
of 16 MPa.
Keywords: fender, deflection, stress, failure
Modeling of a Shell Eco-marathon vehicle based on drive-train

characteristic and driver modes to predict fuel consumption of the
vehicle on a specific track.
W itantyo 1 , Sutikno 2 , Diva Aulia 3 and Habibie Rahm an 4
1, 2, 3, 4
M E Dept. of ITS, Sukolilo Cam pus, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60111.

E-M ail: witantyo@m e.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT Shell Eco Marathon is a competition for fuel efficient vehicle organized by Shell
annually for student around the word. Every team should present a uniquely designed vehicle
targeted to be driven to an extreme distance using 1 liter of fuel. This study aimed to conduct a
vehicle dynamic modelling by using Simulink program from MatLab to predict vehicle fuel
consumption. The Model is build based on vehicle data and drive-train characteristic. To model
the vehicle, various data such as body weight, tire/wheel weight and angular inertia, frontal area,
drag coefficient and tire rolling resistance are collected. To model the drive-train, transmission
ratio, engine torque and specific fuel consumption curves, mechanical efficiency of some
rotating parts are also collected. Model of the vehicle is a close loop system in which engine as
power unit gave its torque to wheel to move the vehicle. More speed developed by the engine
would produce more resistance of vehicle dynamics. The calculations were conducted with
changing vehicle speed, driver mode, and inclination of the track. Prediction of accuracy were
done by using competition data from Sepang, Malaysia circuits within 5% of error.
Keywords: Shell Eco-marathon, Vehicle dynamic modeling, Fuel efficiency.
Study the effects of adjustment of highest and lowest SOC allowed in

battery on fuel consumption and emission of series hybrid vehicle
using ADVISOR
Rendy Adhi Rachm anto1,a, I Nyom an Sutantra2,b ,Bam bang Sudarm anta3,c,
Unggul W asiwiton o4,d
1,2,4 Autom otive Laboratory, Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, I nstitut
Teknologi Sepulu h Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
3 Internal Com bustion Engines Labora tory, Departm ent of M echan ical Engineering,
arendy11@m hs.m e.its.ac.id , btantra@m e.its.ac.id , cunggul@m e.its.ac.id ,
dsudarm anta@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. The technology of batteries have been developed so advanced so that the cruising
power of electric and hybrid vehicles increase significantly. The battery is one of the most
important components to the success or failure of the transition from a conventional vehicle
towards hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. The battery in series hybrid vehicles are usually
operate in certain range of SOC that is still within safe limits for battery life. The range is usually
between 0.4 to 0.9 SOC. This research will simulate and study the effects of adjustment of
highest- lowest SOC allowed in battery on fuel consumption and emission of series hybrid
vehicle using ADVISOR (Advanced Vehicle Simulator). The configuration of the vehicle being
tested is a series hybrid vehicle. The vehicle being tested is Veh_SMCAR. Comparisons are
made against the two driving cycles UDDS and FTP where each performed 10 cycles. The
highest SOC allowed varies from 0.8; 0.7; 0.6; 0.5. The lowest SOC allowed varies ranging 0.4;
0.5; 0.6; 0.7. The simulation results show that the fuel consumption varies in small range, below
2%. Likewise emissions of CO2, CO, and NOx are also varied with a range that is not too large.
Significant variation seen in the frequency of turn on and turn off of the internal combustion
engine. From the simulation can also be seen that the variations in driving cycle affects the
working mode of battery in the series hybrid vehicle.
Keywords: Simulation; Crash Box; Two Segment; Frontal Load
Simulation Of Two Segments Crash Box Subjected To Frontal Load

M och. Agus Choiron 1 , Sudjito 2
1, 2
M echanical Engineering Departm ent of Bra wij aya University, Indonesia

E-M ail: agus_choiron@ub.ac.id
ABSTRACT This study will simulate the two segments crash box design due to frontal load
direction. The parameter of two segments crash box design consist of: connection angle between
segments (), connection length (p), segment thickness ratio (t1/t2), segment height ratio (h1/h2)
and outer diameter (do). Deformation mode of crash box and energy absorbing due to frontal
load is observed. Taguchi method was used as design optimization method. Taguchi matrix L18
was selected. Based on simulation results, energy absorbing on two segments crash box is a
constant rise on beginning conditions, then it enhance with high slope of the curve on middle
condition. This fact is correlated with the pattern of deformation that it occurs in the first
segment on the beginning data, then it continued as deformation joining between first and second
segment. From the observation of energy absorption capability in the frontal load simulation, it
can be concluded that the optimum design is a model design with parameters: = 45o, p = 10
mm, t1 / t2 = 2 mm / 3 mm, h1/h2 = 40 mm / 60 mm and do = 75 mm.
Keywords: Simulation; Crash Box; Two Segment; Frontal Load
Experimental Study And Analysis Of The Generated Electric Power of

Salter Duck-Ocean Wave Energy Harvester (OWEH) Due To Additional
Weight Change and Wave Amplitude
W iwiek Hendro wa ti 1 , a , Harus Laksana Guntur 1 , b
1
Dynam ic System and Vibration Lab oratory, Departm ent of M echanical

Engineering,
Ins titut Teknologi Sepu luh Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
em ail:
wi wiek@m e.its.ac.id ;
haruslg@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract Among ocean energy, wave energy is one of the energy which has not been utilized
optimally. As Indonesia has the longest coastline in the world, the development of OWEH is
very important. In this paper, an experimental study and analysis of the generated electric power
of Salter Duck type OWEH due to additional weight change and wave amplitude was carried
out. Salter Duck is geometrically similar to the duck beak invented by Stephen Salter. The
incoming wave toward the nodding duck area will move the beak up and down. This up-down
motion is used to rotate the gear transmission system and electric generator. In this research,
various additional weight was mounted on the Salter Duck beak and its influence to the
generated power was studied at various wave amplitude.The experimental results show that
additional weight of 300gr and wave amplitude of 0.028m to the model of OWEH can produce
maximum electric power of 0.01901mWatt with maximum angular acceleration of 0.0427rad/s2.
Efficiency of the Salter Duck prototype is 0.056%.
Keywords: Ocean Wave Energy, Electric Power, OWEH, Salter Duck, Additional Weight, Wave
Amplitude.
Analysis of Wave Climate Variations Based on ERA-Interim

Reanalysis Data from 1980 to 2014 To Support Wave Energy
Assessment in Indonesia
M uhamm ad Zikra 1 , Putika Ashfar 2 and M ukhtasor 1
1
Departm ent of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknol ogi Sepu luh Nopem ber (ITS),
Surabaya, Indonesia
2
Coastal Environm ental and Energy Laboratory, Departm ent of Ocean

Engineering, Institut Teknologi Se puluh Nop em ber (ITS),
Indonesia
E-M ail: m zikro@oe.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT In this study, temporal variation in significant wave height are studied using
ERA-Interim reanalysis data from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium- Range Weather
Forecasts) for 34 years period from 1980-2014 to support energy assessment in Indonesia Sea.
The ERA-Interim reanalysis data provides wind speed and wave height data with resolution of
0,750 x 0,750. This paper studied monthly variation in significant wave height and wind speed
by creating monthly data and taking the mean of those months over a period 35 years. A
statistical analysis of wave and wind time series data has been performed to test the significance
of trend during 35 years period. Mann-Kendall test is used to evaluate the trend of time series
data in terms of mean value. The results show that temporal variations in wave height have an
associated pattern with monsoonal wind cycle. In addition, the mean significant wave height in
the South of Java Sea show statistically significant increasing trend for all months. The result
indicated that the wave energy have the potentiality tocontribute in the Indonesian energy
demand.
Keywords: wave climate; wind climate; energy; ERA-Interim
Simplicity Design of Hybrid Energy of Marine Current and Offshore

Wind Energy Plant in Indonesia
M . M ustain 1 , a and A. Suroso 1 1 Ocean Engineering Departm en, Speculum
Nopem ber Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia a m m ustain@oe.its.ac.id
ABSTARCT Indonesia as a maritime country, its territory consists of 2/3 part of ocean waters
and over than 17.000 islands spreading all the country. The waters consist of huge ocean energy
which can be converted into others useful energy. The government had developed of a policy of
energy diversification for increasing of the use of energy alternative. The policy is to anticipate
the depletion of fuel energy where the oil resources estimated will be depleted around next 20
years. The authors selected marine current and offshore wind as the alternatives energy from the
ocean. The paper begins to introduce the potential site of the marine current throughout the
Indonesia sea waters. Then the paper reviews of the development of marine energy conversion
system. Selecting the type of offshore platform and the marine turbine is given to choose the type
which is applicable in the potential site. Having the selected type, the paper is trying to discus for
combining of two types of energies (marine current and offshore wind) on one unit of platform.
The design of the platform supporting of two energies is presented to the end of the paper. The
paper was entirely constructed based on literature study.
Keywords Marine current Offshore wind Vertical axis of turbine Floating structure
Material and Metallurgy
High Temperature Corrosion of Aluminized AISI 1020 Steel With NaCl

and Na2SO4 Coatings
M . Badaruddin 1 , a , A.Y.E Risano 2 , b , C.J. W ang 3 , c
1, 2
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engineer ing Faculty -University of Lam pung
Jalan Prof. S. Brojonegoro No. 1, Ba ndar Lam pung 35 145, Ind onesia
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Nationa l Tai wan University of Science and
Technology
(NTUST)
43 Keelung Rd, Sec. 4, Tai pei 10 6, Tai wan, ROC
am bruddin@eng.uni la.ac.id, byudi_9 5@yahoo.com , ccjwang@mail.ntust.edu.tw
Abstract. High temperature corrosion of aluminized AISI 1020 steel with and without NaCl and
Na2 SO 4 coatings is studied by isothermally oxidizing at 700 C for a periods of 49 h. The
aluminide layer consisting of Fe2 Al5 , FeAl2 and FeAl on the steel substrate is the same for all
aluminized steel samples oxidized in a different environments. The chlorine and sulfur gas
released to the atmosphere will be source of the corrosive gases to destroy the protective alumina
(Al2 O 3 ) layer. In addition, the failure of Al2 O3 layer in protecting steel is also due to a local
formation of iron oxide (Fe2 O3 ). The Fe2 O3 growth was attributed by vaporization of FeCl3 and
later FeCl3 reacted with oxygen. Sulfur gas penetrating into the aluminide layer leads to a
formation of Al-sulphide. Therefore, NaCl and Na2 SO4 coatings induced hot-corrosion of the
aluminized steel, can increase the kinetics rates by means of cyclic oxychloridation and
sulphidation process at a high temperature.
Keywords: aluminized AISI 1020 steel, high temperature corrosion, Al2O3, NaCl, Na 2 SO4
Investigations of the Mixed Mode Crack Growth Behavior of an

Aluminum Alloy
Husaini 1 , a , Kikuo KISHIM OTO 2 , b , M unetsugu HANJI 3 , and M itsuo NOTOM I 4
1
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 2311,
Indonesia
2
3
4
Departm ent of M echanical and Control Engineer ing, Tokyo Institute of

Technology,Tokyo, Japan
Honda M otor Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Aoyam a, M inato-ku, Tokyo 107-8556, Japan
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, M eiji University, Kawasaki, Kanaga wa,

Japan
a
husainiftm@unsyiah.ac.id , b kk ishimo@mep.titech.ac.jp
Abstract. Fracture behavior of aluminum alloys under mixed mode loading was studied.
Fracture tests were carried out on A2024-T351 aluminum. Compact-tension-shear specimen was
employed and angle between loading axis and the crack surface was varied from 90(mode I) to
0(mode II). The crack initiation and propagation behaviors observed by a video microscope.
Under a load with relatively high mode II components, the shear type crack initiation preceded
the opening type crack propagation. Final fracture was occurred by shearing instability in the
pure mode II loading. These experimental results were explained qualitatively by using finite
element analysis. The critical values of stress intensity factors at crack initiation under mode II
dominant conditions become smaller than those predicted by the maximum hoop stress criterion.
It was also found that the rolling direction and small holes existing ahead of the crack-tip
influence the crack extension behaviors.
Keywords: Mixed Mode, Crack growth, FEM analysis, Aluminum alloy, Shear type fracture
Morphology of crown tube Austenitic Stainless Steel TP316 HTF

failure
H.C. Kis Agustin 1 , a , Ika Dewi W ijayanti 2 , b , and Rakhm at Satrio W ibowo
3, c
M echanical Engineering Departm ent of Sepulu h Nopem ber Institute of Technolo gy,
Indonesia
a
k isagust@me.its.ac.id , b ik a.dewi.wijayanti@gmail.com
Abstract. High temperature operations of flares often give the serious problems to its crown
tube. Especially the materials used are stainless steel. The locations of disposal gas combustion
at the crown become the primary aspect of flare operation. The macro structure of failed crown
tube was found to have the fissure on its edge, which has the variation of appearances. The
chance of materials to react with high temperature combustion contributes to the differences of
tube crown color that failed. The former and the later appearances indicated the mode of failure.
This paper observes the locations effect of disposal gas combustion to the failure of crown tube
color and fissure mode. Visual examination was implemented to figure out the effect of the
environment to the crown tube. SEM data also should be considered to convince the phases that
came out from the interaction between crown tube and high temperature combustion. The
difference of temper color of failure crown was found on the inner and outer surface. Unevenly
heat source from the inner surface caused the ignition force from the inner surface of crown tube
that led the initial deformation for the crown.
Keywords: flare, stainless steel, crown tube
Effect of Volume Fraction Epoxy-Hollow Glass Microspheres and

Curing Temperature Variations on Compressive Properties
of Composites
SUTIKNO 1 , W AJAN BERATA 2 , W AHYU W IJANARKO 3 and INDRA SIDHARTA 4
1, 2, 3, 4
M echanical Engineering Departm ent - Faculty of Industrial Techno logy

Institut Teknologi Sepu luh Nopem ber, Surabaya, Indonesia
E-M ail: sutik no@me.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Composite has growth rapidly in industrial applications. This research deals with epoxy- hollow
glass microsphere composites since researches on it are very limited. Epoxy- hollow glass
microspheres composites have advantages such as providing a light weight, low thermal
conductivity and high compressive strength. This research focused on the volume fraction of
epoxy-hollow glass microspheres, the curing temperature and its effect on the compressive
strength of the composites. Compressive test specimen dimensions are produced according to
ASTM D695 [1], by varied hollow glass microspheres volume fraction of 0% to 30% and curing
at room temperature 27oC and 90C. This research showed that 15% volume fraction of hollow
glass microspheres and curing temperature of 90C gained the maximum compressive strength
of the composites at 128.95 MPa. The maximum compressive strength is obtained due to high
percentage crystallinity on composites matrix that occurred in adequate volume fraction of
hollow glass microspheres and curing temperature.
Keywords: Hollow glass microspheres, Composites, Curing Temperature.
Experimental Study Of Electrode Selection Effects On Mechanical

Properties Of Underwater Wet Welded-Joints
Nur Syahroni 1 , Im am Rochani 1 and Harfian Nizar 2
1
Faculty Staff in Departm ent of Ocean Engineering, ITS, Surab aya, Indonesia
2
Alum ni of Departm ent of Ocean Engineering, ITS, Sura b aya, Indonesia

E-m ail: nsyahroni@oe.its.ac.id , nur.syahron i@gmail.com
Abstract. Proper selection of electrodes is a key element to improve quality of underwater wet
welded joint. Three different types of electrode for shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) namely
E6013, E6019, and E7018 were selected to perform underwater wet welding of the mild steel
ASTM A36 plate. Tension and bending test were carried out according to ASTM [4] and AWS
D1.1 [5] standards respectively. The yield and the tensile strength of welded joints fulfilled the
acceptance criteria. The weld joint using E6013 and E6019 electrodes have satisfied the
minimum criteria of elongation, but two specimens of the welded joint using E7018 electrode
have failed. Welded joints using E6013 and E6019 have also satisfied the acceptance criteria of
bending test, but have failed when using E7018 electrode. The reason why the welded joint using
E7018 electrode has failed to fulfill the elongations and bend test might be due to large amount
of fine pearlite phase in the HAZ that made the welded joint less ductile.
Keywords: underwater wet welding; electrode selection; mechanical properties
Experimental Study Of The Influence Of Quenching And Partitioning

Temperature Variation On Retained Austenite Fraction In AISI 4140
Steel
W ahyu W ijanarko 1 , W ajan Berata 1 , Sutikno
1
and Indra Sidh arta 1
M echanical Engineering Departem ent, Faculty of Industrial Technol ogy, Institut

Teknologi Sepulu h Nopem ber , Surabaya, Indonesia
E-M ail: wijanark o@me.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT Quenching partitioning, the recent heat treatment method, offers a way to enrich
carbon in retained austenite at room temperature. This method consists of 4 steps; austenizing,
premier quenching, partitioning, and secondary quenching. Afterward, specimen was etched and
observed under microscope and x-ray diffraction to obtain microstructure. Retained austenite
fraction affected by premier quenching temperature and partitioning temperature was examined.
Using this experimental data, the possible forming mechanism was explained and results of
mechanical testing was used to verify the influence of retained austenite on mechanical
properties.
Keywords: Quenching, Partitioning, Retained Austenite, AISI 4140.
Aging Behavior in Co-Cr-Mo-C Alloys

ALFIRANO 1 , a , ANISTASIA M ilandia 1 , b and SURYANA 1 ,c
1M etallurgical Engineer ing Departm ent, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University,
Cilegon, Indo nesia
a
alfirano@ft -untirta.ac.id , b anistasia.milandia@ft -untirta.ac.id , c suryana@ft untirta.ac.id .
Abstract. The effects of the addition of 1 mass% Si and 1 mass% Mn in Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C

alloys on phase of precipitate during aging at 8731473 K have been investigated. The
precipitation in the Cobalt matrix was observed in the aged specimens. The result shows that the
precipitation consists of fine precipitation of M23C6 type, -phase and -phase. Meanwhile, the
addition of Mn decreased the precipitation area in the Time-Temperature-Precipitation (TTP)
diagram as compared to the Si. The addition of Si increased the precipitation area of -phase.
During aging, precipitate size decreased with decreasing aging temperature. Blocky and rod-like
precipitates were observed at higher and lower aging temperatures, respectively. The addition of
Si increased the hardness of alloy that might be caused by the formation of fine M23C6 type and
-phase precipitates at 1073-1173 K.
Keywords: Co-Cr-Mo alloy, aging, Si, Mn, precipitate; TTP diagram, Hardness
The Production Study of Bipolar Plate From Cuprum-Carbon

Nanocomposite in Polypropylene Matrix (PP) for the Fuel Cell
Application
M . Fitrullah 1 , a , A.H. Yuwono 2 , b and Sari Katil i 3 , c
M etallurgy of M anufacture Laboratory M etallurgical Engin eering Departem ent,
Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirt ayasa; Jl. Jenderal
Sudirm an Km 3 Cilegon, Banten 4243 5, Indon esia, Phone: 08 131403 6547; 02 54 395502; 37 6712; , F ax: 0254-39544 0
1
M etallurgical & M aterial Departem ent (DM M ), Faculty of Engineering, University of

Indonesia, Ne w Cam pus UI Depok, W est Java, 16424, Indonesia
3
M etallurgical & M aterial Departem ent (DM M ), Faculty of Engineering, University

of Indonesia, Ne w Cam pus UI Depok , W est Java, 16424, Indonesia
a
fitrullah@ft -untirta.ac.id , b ahyuwono@metal.ui.ac.id , c sar i@metal.ui.ac.id
Abstract. This research is to get the parameter correlation in synthesis, micro/nano structure
processes, and the candidate performance of inorganic-organic nanocomposite from the cuprum
and carbon nano particles in polypropylene matrix. Besides, it also aims to get the optimal
composition and evenly spread disparity/distribution from the cuprum and carbon particles in
polypropylene matrix. To achieve the goals, it is conducted by two processes. The first stage
includes the nanocomposite candidate fabrication with the increase of cuprum nanoparticle (0;
0,5; 1; 1,5; and 2 wt%)in polypropylene matrix. This cuprum nanocomposite candidate is
characterized by the UV-Spectroscopy test, electrical conductivity test, the melt flow rate (MFR)
test, the scanning electron microscope test (SEM), and thermal gravity analysis (TGA) test. And
the second stage includes the cuprum and carbon nanocomposite candidate fabrication (5; 10; 15;
and 20 wt%) with the wet chemical technique. From the research, it can be known that the
cuprum nanocomposite (PP-Cu), the optimal composition is achieved in the level of nanocuprum
inorganic fulfilment of 2 wt%, which it has the electrical conductivity of 9,306 x 10-9 S/cm with
the lowest band gap energy value of 3.78 eV and the highest critical temperature of 3380C also
the increase of MFR value reaches 91.09 g/10 minute. Then, for the cuprum and carbon
nanocomposite resulted in the second stage, the optimal composition is achieved at 20 w% of
black carbon, has electrical conductivity of 5,590 x 10-8 S/cm with the flexural modulus of 1650
MPA and also the melt flow rate (MFR) value of 16.75 g/10 minute which meet the requirement
for the missal production by the moulding injection tools.
Keywords: PEM fuel cell, bipolar plate, Cu and Carbon nanocomposite, polypropylene matrix,
chemistry methode.
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on the Characteristics of Nitrided

Martensitic Stainless Steel AISI 420
Istiroyah
1
1, 2 a
, I.N.G W ardana 1 , b and D.J Santjojo
2, c
Graduate School of Departm ent of M echan ical Engineering, Bra wi jaya University,
M alang,
Indonesia
2
Departm ent of Physics , Brawijaya University, M alang, Indonesia
istiroyah@gmail.com , b wardana@ub.ac.id , c dsantjojo@gmail.com
Abstract. High density RF-DC plasma nitriding was carried out to harden the surface of
martensitic stainless steels AISI-420. The nitriding temperature is hold at 673 K (or 400oC).
Nitrogen (N2) and mixture of nitrogen (N2)-hydrogen (H2) was utilized as a plasma atmosphere.
Vickers micro-hardness testing was utilized to examine the change of surface hardness and the
corresponding microstructure analysis was carried out by utilizing X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
analysis. Nitrogen concentration and diffusion length were characterized by using Auger
Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Hydrogen addition to nitrogen plasma resulted significant increase
of hardness, nitrogen concentration and diffusion length compared to pure nitrogen plasma. The
significant peak shift observed in XRD pattern of specimen nitrided with N2+H2 plasma
indicates new phase formation or phase transformation. Those phenomena related to hydrogen
role in nitriding process.
Keywords: hydrogen role, high dense plasma, solid solution hardening, phase transformation
Effect of Composition on the Microporosity, Microstructure, and

Macrostructure in the Start-Up Direct-Chill Casting Billet of
Al-Cu Alloys
Suyitno
Casting and Solidif icationTechnology (CASTEC) Laboratory
Departm ent of M echanical and Industrial Engineer ing, Gadjah M ada University
Jl. Grafika No 2, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indon esia.
asuyitno@ugm.ac.id
ABSTRACT Direct-Chill (DC) casting is a process where the liquid metal is poured in a water
cooled mold and then the formed solid shell is extracted at downwards and is directly sprayed by
water. Almost universally, the cooling medium is water, both for mold cooling (primary cooling)
and direct or secondary cooling. Start-up phase is a crucial step during the casting, in which is
prone to casting defects such as porosity and hot crack. The aim of this research is to study the
effect of copper content in microporosity, microstructure and macrostructure in the start-up
phase of DC casting of Al-Cu alloys.
The porosity is maximum in the center of billet and maximum at low copper concentration (1
pct). The porosity is minimum in the bottom of billet and it increases for a low copper
concentration (1 pct). The grain size depends on chemical composition. Most coarse structure is
observed at low concentrations of copper (1 pct). The dendritic arm spacing is unaffected by the
chemical composition. The grain size and dendritic arm spacing are predominantly fine in the
surface.
Keywords : Microstructure, porosity; direct-chill casting; aluminum alloys; alloy composition
Metallography Investigation of Dry Corrosion Boiler Tube

Arif Hariyadi 1 , a , Helena Carolina Kis Agustin
1
2, b
and Ika De wi W ijayanti
3, c
M etallurgy and Calibrati on Labora tory, PT PJB UPHT, Jln Harun Tohir no 1,
Gresik 61112, Indonesia
2, 3
Departem ent of M echanical Engineering, ITS Surabaya, Sukolilo , Surabaya

60111, Ind onesia
a
arif.hariyad i@ptpjb.com ,
k isaqust@me.its.ac.id ,
dewi@me.its.ac.id
Abstract. Boiler in-situ metallography has been proven as a method to assess metallurgic al
condition of material without damaging the material (Non Destructive Testing). However in this
case, in-situ metallography must be completed together with several analysis to prevent
metallurgical misinterpretation. This paper also provides an overview of inspection technique
continuity, together with result from in-situ (on-site) and laboratory analysis. Tube in-situ
metallography was conducted during periodic inspection of a 200 MW Steam Power Plant
Boiler. It was found another phase beside ferrite and pearlite. The phase is in horizontal direction
and suspected as micro crack, delta ferrite or retained austenite. The further investigation was
carried out by performing laboratory analysis including: metallography, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and hardness
test. Result of the investigation showed the phase was oxide as a corrosion product derived from
tube surface and hot gas reaction during combustion. The oxide is identical as dry corrosion
oxide, without liquid electrolyte. The oxide was only found on fireside tube surface. It also can
be described that the fireside tube was over exposed to high temperature as shown the change
lamellar pearlite to globular spheroidized pearlite.
Keywords: Boiler
spheroidization
corrosion,
in-situ
metallography,
metallography,
dry
corrosion,
Effects of Deformation and Annealing Temperature on the

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cu-32%Zn Brass
Bondan T. Sofyan 1 , Im am Basori 1 , 2
1
Departm ent of M etallurgy and M aterials Engineerin g, Faculty of Engineeri ng,

Universitas Indonesia, Kam pus UI Depok 16424, Indonesia
2
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Faculty of Engine ering,
Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawam angun M uka, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jaka rta
13220, Ind onesia
1
bondan@eng.ui.ac.id , 2 unimam_r_one@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Rolling and subsequent annealing are common processes to produce brass sheet. Cold rolling has
attracted a lot of attention due to complicated deformation process that involves shear band and
twinning. Debate remains on the level of deformation at which change in deformation
mechanism occurs. Subsequent annealing process results in dynamic recr ystallization, which is
able to produce grain sizes and properties as required. Deteroriation of formability and ductility
during cold rolling may be recovered during annealing. This research studied change of
microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-32%Zn (wt. %) brass during cold rolling and
annealing processes.
The Cu-32%Zn alloy was produced by gravity casting in a metal mold with the dimension of
110x110x6 mm3. The cast plate was homogenized at 800 oC for 5 h in an muffle furnace. The
plate was then cold rolled with the level of deformation of 20, 40 and 70 % in multiple passes.
Annealing of the cold rolled plate was conducted at 150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 oC for 30
minutes. The cooling of samples was performed in water. Characterization included Vickers
hardness measurement and microstructural observation by using optical microscope.
The results showed that slip was clearly observed at the level of deformation of 20 % together
with few twinning. When the deformation was increased to 40 %, the twinning is major and
some shear band started to form. Further increase of deformation to 70 %, the twinning was
mostly replaced by shear band. The change in mode of deformation was followed by the increase
in hardness of the materials. The annealing process after cold rolling resulted in recovery,
recrystallization and grain growth. The higher the temperature of the annealing process, the
speedier the recrystallization process that followed by grain growth and reduction in hardness.
Keywords: deformation, twinning, twin boundary, shear band, recrystallization.
The Use of Magnetic Flux to the Welding of Hot Roll Quench

Tempered Steel
Sugiarto, Anind ito Purno widod o, Rudy Soenoko, Yudy Surya Irawan a nd Achm ad
Asad Sonief
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Bra wijaya University, M alang, Indonesia 65145
E-M ail: sugik _mlg@yahoo.co.id , sugik @ub.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Hot Roll Quench Tempered Steel (QTS) is term of hot roll ste el which produced by PT.
Krakatau Steel with carbon content 0.29 %C that given by martempering treatment.
Martempering treatment meant to increase the steel hardness for about 500 BHN, thus it cannot
be penetrated by bullet. QTS designed as alternative material for industrial supporting of military
tactical vehicles. Martempering treatment has been changed metal microstructure from tough
ferrite-pearlite to the hard martensite. The weakness of martensite structure in welding field is
low weldability and prone to the delay cracking for post welding. Delay cracking also resulted in
defect or initial crack which occur by the rapid cooling in the post welding and the dissolved of
inclusion and gas in the welding area during solidification in weld metal. In many researches,
high circulation rate of weld pool could improve weld metal structure and HAZ, decrease
welding defect and improve the other properties. Circulation rate of weld pool can be increased
by enlarging electromagnetic force or Lorenz force (FL). Electromagnetic force can be enlarged
by increasing welding current density (J) or increasing magnetic flux (B) as with the equation FL
= J x B. In this research, it was conducted by QTS plate welding used MIG welding with gas
protector CO2. Welding electric current 140 A was flowed to the electrode wire AWS ER 70-S6
with the average welding speed 15 cm/minute. Magnetic flux was added from outside during the
welding by flowing DC current to the solenoid 100 x 100 x 10 mm. The DC current that flowed
to solenoid was 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 Ampere. Those current variations resulted in magnetic flux
for 0 mT, 2,4 mT; 3,4 mT; 4,43 mT; 6,43 mT and 9,03 mT. Thermocouple of K type was carbon
welded in the distance of 10 mm from welding core to measure HAZ temperature. The result was
peak temperature in the distance of 10 mm from welding core getting lower because of outside
magnetic flux addition from 0 mT to the 9.03 mT. By taking temperature range of post welding
comparison from 400C to 200C, it was known that without magnetic flux addition which
results the highest post welding cooling rate and getting lower to the magnetic flux addition of
9.03 mT. From the radiography test, it was known that magnetic flux addition could decrease
welding defect percentage. The bigger magnetic flux addition resulted in smaller welding defect
percentage. The bigger magnetic flux addition also resulted in bigger impact strength of welding
area with more ductile fracture.
Keywords: magnetic flux; welding; cooling rate; welding defect; impact strength; QTS
Effect of Variation of Kalium Hydroxide Solution Concentrationand

Temperatureto The Corrosion Resistance of AISI 304, AISI 316, and
Copper Alloysin Water Electrolysis Apparatus
IDA Ham idah 1 , AGUS Solehudin 1 and AGUS Setia wan 1
1
Dept. of M echanical Engineering Educatio n, Indo nesia University of Education, Jl.

Dr. Setiabudi No. 229 Ban dung 4 0154, In donesia
E-M ail: idahamidah@upi.edu
ABSTRACT The corrosion resistance properties of various metals which was used as
electrodes in water electrolysis apparatus had been analyzed. This analysis is important to
improve the performance of the water electrolysis apparatus. Stainless steel was used as an
electrode in water electrolysis apparatus and it was immersed in KOH solution. KOH solution
with various concentrations and temperatures were used to test the corrosion resistance of AISI
304, AISI 316, and Copper Alloys. To analyze the corrosion resistance, calculation of corrosion
rate was conducted by mass loss method. Through the calculation, it was found that the corrosion
rate was increased linearly by increasing concentration and temperature of the solution. This
means that the metal has poor corrosion resistance at high concentrations and high temperat ures.
Among the three metals that were tested, it was also found that AISI 316 showed the most
resistant to alkaline environment.
Keywords: Corrosion resistance; mass loss method; water electrolysis
Effect of Low Temperature Sintering on the Porosity and

Microstructure of Porous Zeolite Ceramic
Sri M ulyo Bondan Respati 1 , 2 , a , Rudy Soenoko 2 , b , Yudy Surya Irawan 2 , c ,
and W ahyono Suprapto 2 , d
1
W ahid Hasyim University, M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engin eering

Faculty,
Sam pangan, Sem arang, 50236, In donesia
Bra wijaya University, M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engi neering F aculty,
Dinoyo, M alang,
65145, Ind onesia
a
bondan@un wahas.ac.id, b rudysoen@yahoo.com , c yudysir@ub.ac.id,

d
wahyos_metftub@yahoo.com
Abstract Manufacturing a porous ceramic specimen from natural zeo lite materials mined in
Malang, Indonesia was conducted by using a low temperature sintering. In this study, a porous
ceramic property with rectangular shaped and a prism shaped fillets at each end were sintered at
800-900C and finally were investigated. Density and porosity measurements were performed
using Archimedes method. The microstructure photos were used to measure the neck diameter
and the contact angle between the two grains particles and two-dimensional porosity. The result
of the zeolite ceramic measurement shows that the higher the sintering temperature the higher
the density value and the smaller the open porosity. While from the microstructure photo it is
shown that the neck diameter was larger the contact angle was wider. This phenomenon was
happened because of the flux diffusion on the grain boundaries. This diffusion flo w condition
would influence the specimen surface, volume and grain boundary so that the porous ceramic
density increases.
Keywords : natural zeolite, porous ceramic, low temperature sintering, neck diameter, diffusion
Electrochemical Performances of LiFePO4/C AS Cathode for Aqueous

Electrolyte Lithium-Ion Battery
Lukm an Noerochim 1 a , Ade Okta Yurwendra 2 , and Diah Susanti 3
1, 2, 3
Departm ent of M aterials and M etallurgical Engineeri ng, Faculty of Industrial

Technology
Sepuluh Nopem ber Institute of Techno logy Surabaya (ITS)
a
luk man@mat -eng.its.ac.id ,
Abstract. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has been widely applied as cathode for commercial
lithium ion battery. In this type of battery, organic electrolytes is used for lithiumion
rechargeable batteries. However, the organic eelctrolyte might cause flammable fumes or fire
due to improper use such as overcharge or short circuit. Aqueous electrolyte is one of alternative
candidates to replace the organic electrolyte. Aqueous electrolyte has many advantages such as
cheap and environmental friendly for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Lithium iron phosphate
(LiFePO4) is a potential candidate to be used as the cathode in aqueous electrolyte lithium ion
battery. One shortcoming of LiFePO4 (LFP) is a low electronic conductivity co mpared to other
cathodes. Conductive coating of LiFePO4 was applied to improve the conductivity using sucrose
as carbon source by heating to 600 oC for 3 hrs on an Argon atmosphere. From the cyclic
voltammetry, the addition of carbon coatings could improve the stability of cell battery in
aqueous electrolyte. The result of galvanostatic charge/discharge shows that 9% carbon exhibits
good result with the first specific discharge capacity of 17.3 mAh g-1 and capacity fading by
24.8% after 100 cycles.
Keywords: aqueous electrolyte, lithium ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate, carbon,
conductive coating
Synthesis of BiFeO3 Nanoparticle and Single Phase by Sol-Gel

Process for Multiferroic Material
1

Indonesia
2
Abstract. The magnetoelectric coupling (ME) in multiferroics i.e BiFeO3 promises important
technological applications in several multifunctional devices like data storage, spinotronics,
sensor, actuator devices etc. BiFeO3 was synthesized using a sol gel process. The aim of this
research is to find optimum process condition of sol- gel method for BiFeO3 synthesis by varying
of sintering temperature. It is expected to obtain BiFeO3 material in nanoparticle, single phase
and shows electric voltage response if given an external magnetic field. It was used
Bi5O(OH)9.(NO3)4, Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, HNO3, H2O as precursor and citric acid (C6H8O7) as
fuel. It was used 450oC, 500oC and 550oC as sintering temperature for 10 hours
respectively.Phases formation of material were carried o ut using X-Ray-Diffraction (XRD) for
BiFeO3 powder. It was used Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) with Beckman Coulter DelsaTM
Nano type to know particle size. Home made ME instrument by Physics Department of
University of Indonesia was used to know electric voltage response when given an external
magnetic field to BiFeO3 powder. XRD results confirm that single phase BiFeO3 is obtained at
sintering temperature of 550oC for 10 hours. The smallest particle size was 65 nm. When
BiFeO3 powder was given an external magnetic field, it shows electric response. This response
shows that the powder has multiferroic characteristic.
Keywords: Magnetoelectric, multiferroic, sol-gel, nanoparticle, single phase
Biomechanical Analysis Of Spider Silk For Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Reconstruction
Luis Carlos Ruiz Crdenas 1 , Olga Ram os Sandoval 2 and Dario Am aya Hurtado 3
1, 2, 3
Nueva Granada M ilitary University, Carrera 11 No. 101 -80, Bogot D.C.,
Colom bia
E-M ail: u3900195@unimilitar.edu.co
ABSTRACT Advances in bioengineering research related to orthopedic surgery, have focused

on the development of biocompatible materials in order to provide alternative solutions for
rebuilding organic tissues of the human body. In this work, the biomechanical analysis of a tissue
built with spider silk was developed, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties
of this biomaterial and the possible anatomical movements for the anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) for a replacement analysis of this ligament. As result, is concluded that spider silk can
tolerate tensile, bending and torsion forces, compared with the mechanical analysis of the ACL,
in this way immunological concerns by the action of body fluids and slow incorporation in the
human body could be avoided.
Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); finite element method (FEM); biocompatibility;
collagen; fibroblast; spider silk.
Strength Analysis of ZnO-Al2O3 Nanocomposite for Implant Material

Innovation
Poppy Puspitasari 1 , Andoko 1
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engine ering Faculty, Universitas Negeri

M alang, Jl. Sem arang no. 5 M alang.
E-M ail: poppy@um.ac.id
Abstract. Nowadays, implant material become an attractive attention for the researchers to look
for alternative materials that better than the previous material. Several complaints have been
found due to the use of titanium and steel as implants in the knee. Composite is the main option
and being the center of attention and nano materials are a promising new breakthroughs. This
study offers a new solution for the knee implant in the form of ZnO-Al2O3 nanocomposite as
knee implant material. Before being applied to the world of orthopedics, the nanocomposite has
been tested using a mechanical testing using hydraulic press machine and has done the
compressive strength and shear simulated using software simulation with Catia Version 5
Release 17 (V5R17) and ANSYS. The results of the compressive strength of composites with
different percentage comparisons showed that 50% ZnO and 50% Al2O3 has the highest
compressive strength compared to other composition ratio (80-20 and 65-35). Based on
simulation data, ZnO-Al2O3 nanocomposite has the highest strength on the composition ratio of
50% ZnO and 50% Al2O3 which has the ability to withstand a compressive stress of 3 GPa,
equivalent to 300 x 107 N / m2.
Keywords: Strength; ZnO-Al2O3; Nanocomposite; Implant
Effect of Carbon Coating on Electrochemical Performances of

LiTi2(PO4)3 as Anode for Aqueous Electrolyte Lithium Ion Battery
Lukm an Noerochim 1 , Zeddy Argasani 2 , and Diah Susanti 3
1, 2, 3
Departm ent of M aterials and M etallurgical Engineeri ng, Faculty of Industrial

Technology
Sepuluh Nopem ber Institute of Techno logy Surabaya (ITS)
Em ail: luk man@mat -eng.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT One of the renewable energy storage systems that are widely used today is the
rechargeable lithiumion battery. There are four main components in the rechargeable lithiumion battery, one of which is anode. In this research, LiTi2(PO4)3 with nasicon-type crystal
structure is introduced as a candidate for anode material for aqueous electrolyte lithium ion
battery. Conductive coating process is applied to improve the conductivity of LiTi2(PO4)3 by
heating sucrose at 600C for 3 hrs in an argon gas to form carbon-coated LiTi2(PO4)3
(LiTi2(PO4)3/C). The content of carbon in LiTi2(PO4)3/C is measured as much as 8%, 13%,
and 17.2% wt. CV results show that the addition of carbon can improve the stability, electronic
conductivity, and specific capacity LiTi2(PO4)3. In the charge-discharge results, LiTi2(PO4)3
with 8% of carbon enhance the intercalation lithium ion with the highest charge capacity of 45.9
mAh/g after 100 cyclic. Based on all the results, LiTi2(PO4)3 could be the potential candidate as
anode for aqueous electrolyte lithium ion batteries.
Keywords : Carbon coating, LiTi2(PO4)3/C, anode, aqueous electrolyte, lithium ion battery
Effect of Temperature And Time of Two-Step Austempering Method

on Mechanical Properties for Nodular Cast Iron
Andoko 1 , Poppy Puspitasari 1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engineer ing Faculty, Universitas Negeri
M alang, Jl. Sem arang 5 M alang East Java, Indonesia
Em ail: andok o.ft@um.ac.id
Abstract. This research attempts to investigate the mechanical properties of nodular cast iron
using new heat treatment technique. Novel two-step austempering technique was executed to
obtain better mechanical properties for nodular cast iron. The results from this method were then
compared to a conventional heat treatment, namely single-step austempering method. Single-step
and two-step austempering methods were done at 900 oC of austenitic temperature for 60
minutes. For two-step austempering method, the second step started at 260 oC for 10 minutes
increased gradually at 280, 310, and 340 oC for 60 minutes. The mechanical properties of
nodular cast iron increased significantly using two-step austempering method compared to the
conventional and single-step austempering methods. The highest tensile strength was obtained
using two-step austempering method at 340 oC for 60 minutes followed by 310 oC and 280 oC.
On the contrary, the toughness of nodular cast iron decreased at 340 oC.
Keywords: Nodular Cast Iron; single-step austempered; two-step austempered
Effect of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Shear Strength of

Adhesively Bonded Steel Joints in Wet Environment
Sugim ana, Ilham Akbar, Emmy Dyah Sulistyowati, Paryanto D wi Setya wan
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineer ing
University of M ataram , M ataram , Indonesia
as.sugiman@unram.ac.id
Abstract. The paper presents the static strength of adhesively bonded steel joints aged in
deionized water at a temperature of 60oC for 15 days at various adhesive thicknesses from 0.1
mm to 0.5 mm. Water uptake and the bulk adhesive tensile properties after aged in the same
environment as the joints were also presented. It has been shown that water diffusion into the
adhesive is non Fickian. The absorbed water in the adhesive significantly decreases the
mechanical properties and it affects the static strength of the bonded steel joints. The effect of
water is shown to be significant when the adhesive thickness is thicker than 0.2 mm as the static
strength decreases sharply. This information is useful when designing the adhesive joints using
thick adhesive layer exposed in moist environment.
Keywords : Water uptake, mechanical properties, adhesive thickness, steel joints.
Effect of Fillers Content on Mechanical Strength and Failure Mode of

Aluminium Bonded with Epoxy-Based Adhesive
Khairul Anam , Anindito Purn o wi dodo, an d Dharu Feby Sm aradhana
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Bra wijaya University, M alang 65145,
Indonesia
E-M ail: k hairul.anam27@ub.ac.id
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fillers content on mechanical
strength and failure mode of aluminium bonded with epoxy-based adhesive. Fillers used are iron
ore, aluminium powder and silica with mean diameter of 100 m. The mechanical strength and
failure mode of the adhesive joints was determined by utilizing T-peel and single lap-shear tests
and by using macro photo and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The effect of three
different fillers on mechanical strength of adhesive was investigated with choosing the highest
peel strength and shear strength. The highest value in peel and shear tests were attained with
silica and aluminium powder, respectively. The joints fail in mixed failure mode (cohesive and
adhesive mode). This is shown that the joint strength depended on the adhesive properties and
the bond adhesion between the adhesive and adherent.
Keywords: epoxy-based adhesive; filler content; mechanical strength; failure mode
Effects of Citric Acid/BaTiO3 Weight Fractions and Time of Sintering

in Sol Gel Process on Electric Saturation Polarization Values and
Phase Composition
1

Indonesia
2
ABSTRACT
The excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties of barium titante (BaTiO3/BTO) make it
attractive material in the field of electron-ceramic and microelectronics. The aim of this research
is to find optimum process condition of sol-gel method for BTO synthesis by varying of citric
acid/BTO weight fractions and time of sintering. It is expected to obtain BTO material in
nanoparticle, single phase and good electric properties by this method. It was used barium
nitrate, titanium oxide, nitrate acid, ammonium nitrate as precursors and citric acid (C6H8O7) as
a fuel. The parameters which are varied are weight fraction of citric acid/BTO = 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1
and time of sintering 2 and 4 hours at 700oC respectively. To know the temperature of phase
transition it was used TGA/DTA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis)
test for BTO gel. Phases formation of material were carried out using X-Ray-Diffraction (XRD)
for BTO powder. It was used Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) with Beckman Coulter DelsaTM
Nano type to know particle size of BTO powder. Home made electric instrument by Physics
Department of University of Indonesia was used to know electric properties of BTO powder.
XRD results confirm that single phase BTO is obtained on weight fraction of citric acid/BTO
=2:1 with time of sintering 2 hours at 700oC. The process condition produces nanoparticle BTO
with particle size of 45 nm. Measurement with electric hysteresis loop shows that BTO powder
with the process condition has the highest value of electric saturation polarization, 44.84 C/cm2
and good loop of electric hysteresis.
Keywords: Sol-gel; nanoparticle; single phase; polarization
The Effect Of Dromus Oil Level In Cooling Media On Tensile Strength

And Microstructure Of St-60 Steel Due toHardening Tempering
Process
Poppy Puspitasari*, Dewi Puspitasari, Suci Trisna W ati, Novi Fairuzatin Aushoni,
M uhamm ad Ilm an Nur S, W ahyu Candra
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engineer ing Faculty, Universitas Negeri
M alang, Jl. Sem arang 5 M alang East Java, Indonesia
Em ail: poppy@um.ac.id
ABSTRACT
The steel hardening process is given to improve the mechanical properties of steel that is the
strength required in industrial world as a substance in making automotive component and
machinery. Hardening process conducted at the temperature of 850 0C within 40 minutes with
rapid cooling using a variety of dromus oil levels in cooling media will resulted high but brittle
tensile strength of steel. Brittleness of steel due to the hardening process can be reduced by
tempering at temperature of 400 0C within 60 minutes and cooling in air. The aims of this
research are to observe the effect of dromus oil levels at 10%, 20% and 30% in cooling media on
the tensile strength and microstructure changing in hardening tempering process of St-60 steel.
The mean value of tensile strength using the 10% of dromus oil level in cooling media was
1546.402 MPa and with 30% of dromus oil at 1528.353 MPa. The microstructure of ST60 steel
with the 10% of dromus oil in cooling media in the hardening tempering process showed brittle
fracture that consist of the domination of cleavage, the specimen using 20% of dromus oil
showed the structure of ductile brittle fracture consisting of the domination of dimple and some
part of cleavages. Meanwhile, specimen using 30% of dromus oil showed the structure of ductile
fracture consisting of dimple domination. In this research, an important finding was the fact that
St-60 steel with 20% of dromus oil in cooling media in the hardening tempering process had
high tensile strength and ductile fracture. This can be used as a production orientation for any
metallurgist and industrial world.
Keywords: dromus oil; hardening tempering; tensile strength; microstructure
Friction Stir Welding on Corner Joint With New Surface Preparation

Design
W idia Setia wan 1 ) , Djarot B. Darm adi
1)
2)
Lecturer at Sekolah Vokasi University of Gadjah M ada, he is taking

Doctorate at University of Brawijaya.
2)
Senior Reseacher at University of Brawijaya.

1)
widia_setiawan64@yahoo.co.id
Abstract. Aluminium 6061 was joined by friction stir welding (FSW) with new surface
preparation on corner design. The distribution micro structure in Cornerjoints was tool welded
rotation (rpm), and travel speed (mm/mnt) observed and analyzed. The welding parameters
observing the tensile strength, micro structure and micro hardness it can be said. The result
structure micro are homogen whilst from tensile test the strength joint is quilt good even better
from preview publihsed papers. The obtained with the transverse speed 15 mm/menit, and 1500
rpm.
Keywords : Friction Stir Welding,New Surface Preparation Design
Influence of Argon-Nitrogen Gas to balance the microstructure in the

welding of Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Suheni 1 ,
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, ITATS Surabaya, Indonesia

Em ail: irsuheni@gmail.com
Abstract. Super duplex stainless steel is steel that has a corrosion resistance and good
mechanical strength so that used in industry especially in oil and gas and petrochemical industry.
In use in the field is often used for the connection process by welding methods. To produce good
welds, it should be noted that the welding procedures and parameters used , especially the heat
input. In this study is used the heat input variables shielding gas composition to determine how
much influence on the balance of ferrite - austenite phase structure in the weld stainless steels
SAF 2507 super duplex with tungsten inert gas welding method (TIG). Heat input varied by
applying different welding speed 1,3,4 and 5 mm /sec while the shielding gas is used 100 %
argon, 98 % argon + 2 % nitrogen and 95 % argon + 5 % nitrogen. The result showed that at
different welding speeds generated depth and width of the weld metal which is different.
Likewise the use of protective gas will produce a different ratio wide and deep of weld metal
which is different. By using protective gas 95 % argon + 5 % nitrogen squeak - ausenit phase,
resulting in weld metal that is relatively balanced than others. On a slow welding in addition to
produce a large heat input also produces weld metal hardness at high and affect the growth of the
austenite phase. The higher the heat input ( 2,280 kJ / mm ) , the lower the auste nite phase in the
weld metal.
Keywords: TIG, Argon-Nitrogen gas, Ferrite- austenite, Hardness
Manufacturing
Development of technology for rolling and smoothing with heating the

inner sides of cylindrical holes to improve the quality of workpieces in
the machine building.
Kotelnikov V. I. 1 , Koshurina A. A. 1 , Gavrilov G.N. 1 , Chernyshov D.A. 1
1
Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University R.E. Alexeev, 603950, Russia,Nizhny

Novgorod, M inin street, 24, E -M ail: gavrilov1109@ m ail.ru;
allakoshurina@yandex.ru;
spartak4352@yandex.ru
Abstract: Processing of surface plastic deformation (smoothing, burnishing, deployment)

internal cylindrical surfaces is widely used in industry to manufacture a large range of
engineering products. In the process of processing method of burnishing of internal surfaces of
holes in steel bushings when their rotation on the flow-vintoreznom machine with heating.
Found that roughness of machined surface smoothing depends mainly on heating temperature
and almost does not depend on the speed of processing. Resulting gradient leads to stresses in the
surface layers of a material to deformation and displacement of the grain microstructure, and
ultimately to the seal material, which enhances the quality and functionality of the products.
Degree of compaction in vyglaivanii with heat depends on the amount of effort applied to the
surface of the tool.
Keywords: structural steel, plastic deformation, roll forming, smoothing, surface roughness,
heating and microstructure of the steel.
Investigation of Risk Based Decision Making for Mobile Mooring

System
Silvianita 1 , a ,M ohd Faris Kham idi 2 ,b , Kriyo Sam bodho 3 ,c , Nur Syahroni 4 ,d ,Yeyes
M ulyadi 5 ,e , M uham m ad Zikra 6 ,f
1, 3, 4, 5. 6

Surabaya, Indonesia,
School of the Built Environm ent, Herriot W att University M alaysia, Putrajaya,
M alaysia
a
vian_nita@yahoo.com , farissb05@gm ail.com , dhodhott@yahoo.com ,

b
nursyahroni@gm ail.com , yeyesm ulyadi@gm ail.com , m zikro@gm ail.com

e
Abstract. This paper briefly presents the investigation of risk based decision making for mobile
mooring system. This paper used bow tie analysis to analyze the risk of mobile mooring failure.
Bow tie analysis consists of FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) on left part and ETA (Event Tree
Analysis) on the right part. FTA is useful to determine the potential causes from critical top
event until the undesired events are obtained. ETA (Event Tree Analysis) is helpful to define the
possible consequence by relating an initiating event to various consequence models. The
investigation consists of determining the critical hazards of mooring system failure through
investigating the root causes, the consequences, and the frequency index.
Keywords: decision, investigation, risk, tree
Characteristics of Electrode Materials on Machining Performance of

Tool Steel SKD11 with EDM Shinking
SUHARDJONO
M achine Tools Lab., M echanical Engineering Dept. ITS, Surabaya Kam pus ITS,
Sukolilo Surabaya, Indon esia.
E-M ail: suhardjono@m e.its.ac.id; suhardjonoits@gm ail.com
Abstract. Both qualitative and quantitative performance of EDM Shinking process depend not
only on process parameters but also on the combination between electrode material and
workpiece material. This research experimented an EDM machining process uses a different type
of electrode material such as cooper, aluminum, steel, brass, stainless steel, bronze and graphite
to machine a workpiece of hardened tool steel SKD11. Parameters being analyzed in this
research are not only the surface quality but also the material removal rate (MRR), the tool wear
rate (TWR), the wear ratio (WR) which is defined as MRR/TWR. The result of the research
shows that using different electrode material gives the surface roughness differences less than 3
m e.g. for pulse current Ip=20A and Ignition voltage Uz=150V using the steel electrode and
stainless steel electrode gives maximum Ra 9.63 m and minimum Ra 6.90 m respectively or
between ISO N9 and N10. In the point of view of quantitative performance, the graphite and
brass give the two highest MRR that are almost two times higher than the mild steel and stainless
steel electrode. However the brass electrode has a tool wear rate 7.8 times higher than the steel
electrode or 5.5 times higher than stainless steel electrode. Therefore it has t he lowest wear ratio
and even less than 1.0 for Ip=45A. The highest wear ratio is shown by stainless steel electrode
with WR=5.23 and the lowest one is by brass electrode with WR=0.9. So, it means the brass
electrode is eroded faster than the workpiece. In conclusion the application of the graphite and
brass electrodes are normally used for roughing and stainless steel electrode is for finishing
process.
Keywords : EDM shinking; surface roughness; electrode material; wear ratio; EDM
performance
Relationship Model for an Automotive Sustainable Supply Chain

H.S. Ham zah 1 , S.M . Yusof 1 , M uhamm ad Zam eri M at Sam an 2 and R. Dolah 1
1
UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, UTM Kuala Lum pur,
M alaysia
2
Faculty of M echanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi M alaysia, Johor Bahru,

M alaysia
E-M ail: shahh.kl@utm .my
Abstract. Similar to other consumer products, automobiles too have a span of useful life, which
ranges from 10 to 25 years. At the end of its useful life, automobiles are then called End-of-Life
Vehicles (ELVs). These ELVs will have to be retired, because when left unmanaged, hazardous
fluids and materials contained within each ELV may leak out and pollute the environment.
Furthermore, abandoned ELVs in public places not only pose a danger to the society, but it will
need to be removed using municipal funds. In short, unmanaged ELVs are both societal and
environmental hazards, but by systematically recovering it, a new industry complete with its new
set of Business Processes such as Disassembly and Remanufacturing, opens up. This new
industry deals with the recovery of ELVs and is called as the ELV Recovery Network. By
integrating the entire ELV Recovery Network together with the conventional forward supply of
new vehicles to the customer, a closed looped configuration can be formed. In this research, the
relationship between the Business Processes for this closed looped automotive supply chain is
developed based on gaps found in related literatures. Validation on the developed relationship
model is then carried out by comparing it to two models currently in use by two Malaysian
agencies.
Keywords: Sustainable Supply Chain, Automotive Life Cycle, End-of-Life Vehicle
Numerical simulation of cutting stress deformation in tungsten

carbide turning tools
Pei-Hsing Huang, Jian-Rong Chen, and Hong-Zhong Lu
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Nationa l Pingtu ng University of Science
and Technology,Pingtung 912, Ta i wan , R. O. C
Corres ponding author: ph h@m ail.npust.edu.t w (P.-H. Huang)
Abstract. With the aim of enhancing the precision and quality of turning processes, this study
investigated cutting stress and thermal deformation induced by friction between the tool and chip
of a Wolfram carbide (WC) tool cutting AISI-1045 carbon steel. Analysis of cutting stress and
thermal deformation using COMSOL Multiphysics software is useful for evaluating the
compensation for machining errors and reducing tool wear. Three cutting loads were adopted for
the simulation of the thermal conduction, and changes in temperature and the stress field.
Simulation results show that thermal deformation in the tool tip is proportional to cutting speed
and time. As long as the temperature of the tool remains below the quasi-steady-state
temperature, the amount of deformation does not change significantly. An understanding of the
thermo- mechanical coupling effect during turning can help to improve the accuracy of
compensation for thermal deformation in turning too ls.
Keywords: tungsten carbide, turning tool, stress deformation, compensation, thermal
conductivity.
Flexible and Ergonomically Three Wheel Bike For Post Stroke Patient
I M ade Londen Batan 1 , a , Syifa 1 , b , Danny P 1 , c
1
Product Design and Developm ent Laboratory M echanical Engineering

Departem ent Institut Teknologi Sepul uh Nopem ber Surabaya
alondbata n@m e.its.ac.id, bSyifa@gm ail.com , cdanny.pras08@gm ail.com
Abstract: This paper explains the new design of the three wheel bike for post-stroke patients as
a equipment for physical therapy. The bike can be pedaled by foot and / or by hand
simultaneously. Bike frame is made of aluminum alloy pipe and consists of front and rear frame.
The front frame is equipped with a steering system that can regulate the moving of two wheels of
diameter of 22 ". The rear frame is equipped with a fold mechanism, shock breaker, seat and
chain stay pipes for clamping the rear wheel with diameter of 22 ". The rear frame is also
equipped with a mechanism of transfer speed in three levels. Bike length is 1645 mm, width 615
mm and height 1035 mm. However, after folded the bike dimension became 725 mm long, 460
mm wide and 1035 mm high. By using CATIA software the strength frame material is simulated
and analyzed. The bike design is evaluated from ergonomics aspect with RULA method. The
proposed design is performed into a prototype. The prototype test is conducted. The result test
show, that the bike is pedaled, either by hand or foot, strong, safe and comfortab le to ride. In
order to evaluate the design benefit, the pedal test is also conducted in various pedal velocities by
3 post stroke patients as respondent. During 6 minutes pedaling number of rider heartbeat is
measured. The result shows all the number of heartbeat is not exceeded than 120 HR. That
means the bike is enough light to pedal or the patient must not give extra power to ride the bike.
Moreover, during 4 weeks therapy by cycling the bike, pedal velocity each respondents is
increase significantly around 26-96%, this means the muscle contraction of respondents is reduce
and developed bike can be used as alternative equipment for physical therapy of post stroke
patient. Because light and foldable, the bike can be moved easily and put in the trunk of a car
without problem.
Keywords: three wheel bike, post stroke, ergonomic, flexible, heartbeat
Improving the Injection Molding of Small Optical Elements by

Integrating Reverse Engineering and Mold Flow Analysis
Jiing-Yih Lai*, Yao-Yu W en and Chin-Hao Liu
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Nationa l Central University,
Taoyuan,Tai wan
*jylai@ncu.edu.t w
Abstract. Small optical lenses are usually manufactured by injection molding. The high quality
requirement on injection lenses, however, requires a precise control of the mold accuracy as well
as the injection process. The purpose of this study is toconduct a comprehensiveerror study of
the injection molding for optical elements by combining the techniques of reverse engineering
and mold flow analysis. Reverse engineering is employed to identify the source of errors, and
hence provide guidelines forthe modification of the mold; Mold flow analysis is employed to
construct a parametric study of the injection process, and hence improvethe quality of inject ion
parts. Real molds are designed and manufactured, and injection molding is implemented to
verify the feasibility of the simulation. The advantages of the proposedmethod by integrating
reverse engineering and mold flow analysis for improving the injectio n process are discussed
too.
Keywords:Injection molding, mold flow analysis, reverse engineering, optical lens
Evaluation of Delay Factors in Jacket Structure Project

Silvianita 1 , a , Andika Trisna Putra
2, b a
, Daniel M . Rosyid 3 , c , Dirta M arina
Cham elia 4 , d , Im am Rochani 5 , e

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Surabaya, Indonesia
vian_nita@yahoo.com , b andikatputra@gm ail.com , c dm rosyid@gm ail.com ,

d
m archad_dr@m ail.com , e im am r@oe.its.ac.id
Abstract. Offshore platforms are used worldwide for drrilling, proceesing and even storage
purposes. The offshore platforms can be fixed to the seabed, or can be float. The fixed platform
namely jacket structure is a complex construction and design. Construction process of the jacket
structure sometimes is not in accordance with the time schedule. There are many factors affect
them, limited time, equipment, materials required, and cost of human resources. In order to
analyze the delay factors of a jacket project requires a systematic approach. This paper will
discusses the delay factors of the construction of Jacket Structure using FTA (Fault Tree
Analysis). Data is obtained from one fabrication company which involve their experts to identify
the contribution of delay project. There are three main factors causing the Jacket project delay
namely Long Process of Procurement, Late Schecule of Assembly Structure, and Bad
Management.
Keywords: Construction, Delay, Evaluation, Fault
Injection Molding Process Simulation of Tensile Strength and Impact

Specimen Test
Dinny Harnany 1 , a , Arif W ahyudi 2 , b , I M ade Londen Batan 3 , Irm a M appease 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopem ber, Surabaya, Indo nesia

dinny.harnany@gm ail.com , barif_w@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. The characteristic of plastic which are easy made and shaped, make plastic become
famous in industry. Injection molding is one of plastic shaping process that used by common
industry due to its capable of mass producing complicated plastic part. In this study, the mold
cavity was designed for making tensile strength and impact specimen test. This design was
suitable with 900 ton capacity HAITIAN MA 900/260e injection molding machine. ASTM D638
is used for tensile strength specimen test standart dimension and AS TM D256 is used for impact
specimen test standart dimension. The study started with draw the specimen test, design the mold
cavity such as number of cavity, layout cavity, channel system, and cooling system, and then do
simulation. The variance parameters of simulation were melt temperature, mold temperature,
packing pressure and packing time. The simulation result was analyzed by using taguchi method
and ANOVA. The result of study said that this machine could have 12 specimen test. Taguchi
method had result that the best parameter of injection molding process is 180o for melt
temperature, 60o for mold temperature, 70 Mpa for packing pressure, and 5 sec for packing time.
ANOVA had result that the significant process parameters were melt tempaerature, packing
pressure and packing time, where melt temperature was the most valuable process parameter.
Keywords: Injection Molding, Mold, Mold Design, Mold Cavity, Tensile Strength Test, Impact
Test, Taguchi Method, ANOVA
Small Bussiness Simulation

Dulat Nurm ashevich Shukayev 1 ,, Aggey Sem enov 2 , Zhanar Beibutovna Lam asheva 1
and Ainur Abdikadyrova Abdullahanovna 1
1
Kazakh National Technical un iversity nam ed after K.I. Satpayev, Satpayev str. 22,
050013, Alm aty, Kazakhstan
2
University of Ottawa , University str. 120, K1N 6N5, Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
E-M ail: zhanarlb@m ail.ru
Abstract. This article presents a mathematical economic model designed to study dynamic
aspects of small business operations. The developed dynamic model will facilitate prompt
managerial decisions in the process of preparing a longterm corporate growth strategy. A special
feature of the study is the development of mathematical economic tools for creating of an
effective small business growth strategy. This strategy is based on the analysis and simulation of
strategic production and investment decisions. The suggested algorithm for assessing the
efficiency of small business operations provides an objective and structured evaluation of
economic performance. The proposals and recommendations included in this work can be used
by companies and the regulatory institutions for preparation of various development scenarios.
Keywords: Dynamic model, small business, simulation, sales volume.
An Innovative Concept to Improve the Muffler Performance Using

Automated Mechanical IRIS
M ohamm ad Ahsan Habib1 , * , Ahm ad Syed Anwar 2 , 1 and M d. Anayet U. Pat wari 1
1
Departm ent of M echanical and Chem ical Engineering (M CE), Islam ic University of
Technology (IUT), Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Roadm aster M otors Lim ited (RM L), Dhaka, Bangladesh

*E-M ail: m ahabib@iut-dhaka.edu
Abstract. With the development of modern civilization vehicle noise is become one of the main
source of noise pollution to the environment. A lot of research has been done in recent t imes in
the field of acoustic filters and exhaust mufflers in order to reduce the exhaust noise. While using
exhaust muffler, a back pressure on engine is always produce. This back pressure represents the
extra static pressure exerted by the muffler on the engine through the restriction in flow of
exhaust gasses. The back pressure value mainly depends on the muffler design and exit diameter
of the exhaust muffler. It has been found that for a constant exit diameter of an exhaust muffler
the back pressure varies with the change of the engine speed. Due to this variation of the back
pressure, the fuel consumption per unit distance is also varies. An attempt has been made in this
study to stabilize the back pressure to a suitable value by using an automated mec hanical IRIS.
The function of the mechanical IRIS is to provide a variable exit diameter to the exhaust muffler.
An automated mechanical system will be integrated with the IRIS, so that the exit diameter will
vary automatically depending on the engine speed. It has been found through 3D based CFD
simulation that the back pressure remains constant for a wide range of speed of the engine. This
will ensure maximum the fuel consumption per unit distance throughout the wide range of speed
variation.
Keywords : Exhaust muffler; Back pressure; Mechanical IRIS; Exit diameter
The Effect of Welding Time and Welding Currents on Weld Nugget

and Tensile Properties of Thin Aluminum A1100 by Micro Resistance
Spot Welding
Ario Sunar Baskoro 1 , a , Hakam M uzakki 1 , a , W inarto 2 , b
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Faculty of Engineeri ng Universitas

Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia (164 24)
Tel : (+62 21)72700 32 ext 203. Fax : (+62 21)727 0033
M etallurgical and M aterial En gineeri ng Departm ent, Faculty of Engineeri ng

Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia (16424)
Tel : (+62 21)78635 10. Fax : (+62 21)7872 350
a
em ail : ario@eng. ui.ac.id, b em ail : wi narto@m etal.ui.ac.id
Abstract. In this paper, the electric resistance spot welding process was applied to thin
Aluminum A1100 used for investigating the micro joining process. Resistance spot welding
parameter such as, electrode form, electrode material, voltage and electrode force were stayed
constant. This experiment uses different welding time and welding current to identify the
optimum welding parameters for maximum joint strength. This paper studies the characteristic of
resistance spot welded of an A1100 aluminum thin sheet with 0.4 mm in thickness. Material was
cut by ANSI/AWS standard dimension. The performance is measured by tensile shear test and
microstructure test. The tensile test was measured in the polymer technology center of BPPT (the
research center of Indonesia). The thickness of specimen is 0.4 mm. It has Thermal Conductivity
222W/m-K, Melting Point 643-657.2C, Solidus 643C and Liquidus 657.2C. The effect of
welding current and welding time will give better performance, such as nugget weld and tensile
properties. The welding time and welding current yield the square of nugget zone size or a hole
of the specimen. From the results, the maximum load of specimen of 272N can be achieved with
the welding parameters of holding time 10 second, cycle time 1, and welding current 2 kA. This
welding result has the 292.1 mm2 nugget size, and 107.85 mm2 fracture size. This experiment
shows the optimum welding parameters that can be used in micro joining application (thin plate).
Keywords: effect of welding time and welding currents, molten zone, micro resistance spot
welding, Aluminum A1100
Optimization of Cable Ties Injection Molding Process Using Back

Propagation Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm (BPNN-GA)
W AHJUDI Arif 1, a , SOEPANGKAT Bobby Oedy Pram oedyo 2,b and ARRIYANI Yang
Fitri 3,c
1, 2, 3
M echanical Engineering Dep artm ent Institut Teknologi Se puluh Nopem ber,
Indonesia
a
arif_ w@m e.its.ac.id, b bops_1994@m e.its.ac.id, c yangfia@yahoo.com
Abstract. Setting parameters in the injection molding machine play an important role to the
quality of cable ties product. They affect not only to the number of the rejection products but
also to the tensile yield strength of the process products. The goal of this study is to obtain a
combination of process parameters such as nozzle temperature, injection pressure, injection flow,
and switch-over to holding pressure, which results the optimal tensile yield as the observed
response using Back Propagation Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (BPNN-GA). In this study,
a 4-8-8-1 BPNN model was applied to predict the tensile yield based on a random combination
of process parameters. The tensile yield then was optimized by genetic algorithm through several
iterations. The optimal tensile yield of 28.44 MPa has been obtained using the combination of
nozzle temperature is 250 C, injection pressure is 1400 bar, injection flow is 40 cm3/s, and
switch-over to holding pressure is 13,2 cm3.
Keywords: process optimization, injection molding, back propagation neural network, genetic
algorithm.
Anti-plane Interaction of a Coated Circular Inclusion with a Crack

Located in Matrix
Alief W ikarta 1 ,
1
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, Institute of Technology Sepulu h

Novem ber, Indonesia
a wikarta@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. In this study, the interaction between a coated circular inclusion with an anti-plane
crack located in matrix is considered. The solution procedures for solving this problem consist of
two parts. In the first part, based on the method of analytical continuation in conjunction with the
alternating technique, the complex potential functions of screw dislocation interacting with
multi- layered composites are obtained. The second part consists of the derivation of logarithmic
singular integral equations by introducing the complex potential functions of screw dislocation
along the crack border together with superposition technique. The logarithmic singular integral
equations is the solved numerically by modeling a crack in place of several segments. Linear
interpolation formulae with undetermined coefficients are applied to approximate the dislocation
distribution along the elements, except at vicinity of crack tip where the dislocation distribution
preserves a square-root singularity.
The stress intensity factors are then obtained numerically in terms of the values of the dislocation
density functions of the logarithmic singular integral equations.
Keywords: anti-plane interaction, mode-III stress intensity factors, crack located in matrix,
coated circular inclusion, complex potential functions
Optimization Of Multiple Performance Characteristics in EDM Process

of HPM 38 Steel Using Response Surface Methodology And NonLinear Programming
Am irul Akbar 1 , Bobby O. P. Soepangkat 1 and Arif W ahjudi 2
1
M anufacturing Process Lab., Departm ent of M echanica l Engineering, Faculty of

Industrial Technology, Sepulu h Nopem ber Institute of Technology, Ind onesia
Design and Developm ent Product Lab., Departm ent of M echanical Engineering,
Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopem ber Institute o f Technology,
Indonesia
E-M ail: am irul.yakusa@yahoo.com , bops_1994@m e.its.ac.id, arif_ w@m e.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT The application of response surface methodology and nonlinear programming for
optimizing multiple performance characteristic in electro discharge machine (EDM) sinking
process of HPM 38 steel was investigated. In this research, the main objective was to minimize
surface roughness with electrode wear rate and material removal rate as constraints. The
experiment conducted based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) consisting 27 number of
experiments. Quadratic model regression of response surface methodology is developed as an
efficient approache to determine the optimal machining parameters in EDM process. Analysis of
variance was applied to investigate the influence of process parameters (pulse current, gap width,
on time and off time) and their interactions on surface roughness, electrode wear rate and
material removal rate. A confirmation test was carried out to check the deviation of the predicted
(optimum value) with experimental results.
Keywords : EDM sinking, surface roughness, electrode wear rate, material removal rate,
response surface methodology, non-linear programming
A Waste Relationship Matrix Model for Better Green Lean Product in

Water Processing
M astiadi Tam jidillah1,a, Prat ikto2,b, Purnom o Budi Santoso3,c, Sugiono4, d
1
PhD Student of M echanical Engineering Departm ent of Bra wi jaya University,

65145 M alang-Indo nesia
Lam bung M angkurat University of M echanical Engineering Departm ent, 7 0123

Banjarm asin-Indonesia
M echanical Engineering Departm ent of Bra wijaya University, 65145, M alang Indonesia
3
Industrial Engin eering Departm ent of Bra wijaya University, 65145, M alang Indonesia
Industrial Engin eering Departm ent of Bra wijaya University, 65145 M alang Indonesia
a
,m astiadit@yahoo.com , b ,pratiktoprawoto@yahoo.com ,
c,
budiakadem ika@yahoo.com , d ,sugiono_ub@ub.ac.id
Abstract. Lean manufacturing is about eliminating waste, but waste requires metrics that can be
tracked in order to eliminate them. In this paper, metrics are proposed to monitor the seven
traditional nonvalue added wastes and a center point metric is proposed that can give
systematic insight into short-term system waste performance in fresh water process product.
Understanding waste relationships can facilitate effective trade-offs decisions for better decision
making in green product waste-dependent system. The trade-off relationships matrix are
statistically verified using model. Therefore, the key motivation for this research is to develop a
methodology for the relationship between waste reduction/elimination and interaction plot for
waste.This research investigated the direct relationship and interaction between the seven types
of waste (overproduction, processing, inventory, transportation, defects, waiting, and motion) in
an process product. In the minimize waste measures waste reduction/elimination (WRE) and
waste relationship matrix (WRM) was developed to quantify the effects of the different types of
waste on the selected process product measures.
Keywords: Wastes relationships matrix, interaction, minimize, green product, water processing
Multiple-Performance Optimization of Drilling Parameters And Tool

Geometries in Drilling GFRP Composite Stacks Using Taguchi and
Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) Method
Gallih Bagus W .1, Bobby O. P. Soepangkat1 and I wan Krisnanto2
1
M anufacturing Process Laboratory, Departm ent of M echanical Engineering,

Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopem ber Institute o f Technology,
Surabaya, Indonesia
2
PT. Dirgantara Indon esia (Persero), Bandung, Indon esia
E-M ail: gallih.m e.its@gm ail.com , bops_1994@m e.its.ac.id, i wankris@indonesian aerospace.com
Abstract. Composite materials are used in many applications and are mainly used for structural
components. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite is an economic alternative for
engineering materials due to its advantageous properties. Drilling is the one of important
operations for composite structure which is quite often used as a final operation before assembly.
The objective of this paper is to optimize drilling parameters such as cutting speed and cutting
speed, tool geometries such as drill point geometry and drill point angle on the thrust force, hole
roundness and hole surface roughness in drilling GFRP stacks. In this research, experiments are
carried out as per Taguchi design of experiments and an L18 orthogonal array was used to study
the influence of various combinations of drilling parameters and tool geometries on quality of
the hole. The optimum drilling parameter is determined by using grey relational grade obtained
from grey relational analysis for multiple-performance characteristics. The drilling experiments
were carried out by using twist drill and CNC machining center. This work is us eful for optimum
values selection of various drilling parameters and tool geometries that would not only minimize
the thrust force but also reduce the hole roundness error and hole surface roughness, so it can
improve the quality of the drilled hole.
Keywords : Optimization, Drilling, GFRP, Taguchi, GRA.
Tempering Process Gradually to Improve Quality Tool

R Edy Purwanto 1 , a , M oh Hartono
1, 2, 3
2, b
, Agus Sujatm iko 3 , c
State Polytechnic of M alang, Jl. Soekarno -Hatta No. 9, M alang 65141,

Indonesia
rm edyprink@yahoo.com , b m oh_hartono@yahoo.com , c a_sujatm iko59@yahoo.com
Abstract . Tempering is a heating treatment process to improve the elasticity with a little
hardness. It is reheating the steel that has been hardened under the critical temperature of 723 oC
and applying a holding time at that temperature, then cooling the steel in the air outside. The
hardening was followed by gradual tempering process at different temperatures of 650oC, 550
oC and 450oC at 60, 120, and 180- minute holding times. The tempering process resulted in hard
and tough not easily broken or worn tool steel. Besides, it improves the tensile strength and
increases the durability of tool against collision. Tukey, Fisher Pairwise Comparison and Dunnet
Method were applied to obtain Grouping Information data of 93%. Observations on eight
tempering treatment processes show not only treatments 4, 5 and 6 (tempering with time delay)
but also gradual tempering (in which the process was done some times by gradually dropping the
temperature) resulted in better performance. Further observation was conducted in terms of the
variation of dropping temperature and the most optimum holding time of the tempering process.
Processes 7 and 8 (tempering without time delay) are not recommended, as the hardness value
drops sharply, high vibration occurs when machining, and the cutting results in high roughness
value.
Keywords: tempering, hardness, strength, roughness, vibration.
Multi Response Optimization using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Method in

Drilling of Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Polymer (KFRP) Stacked
Am . M ufarrih 1 , a , Bobby O.P Soepangkat 2 , b , Iwa n Kristanto 3 , c
1
M anufacturing Process Laboratory, M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepu luh
Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.
3
PT. Dirgantara Indon esia (Persero).
aam m ufarrih@gm ail.com , bbops_1994@m e.its.ac.id, ciwankris@indonesian aerospace.c om
Abstract. A research was conducted for the optimization of the drilling process of KFRP
stacked, with multiple performance characteristics based on the orthogonal array with Taguchigrey- fuzzy method. The experimental study was conducted under varying the drilling process
variables (feeding speed (mm/min) and cutting speed (m/min)) and tool geometries (point
geometry and point angle (degree)). The optimized multiple performances characteristics were
thrust force, torque and surface roughness. The quality characteristics of thrust force, torque and
surface roughness were smaller-is-better. The experiment design used L18 orthogonal array with
two replications. Experimental results have shown that machining performance in the drilling
process can be improved effectively through this method.
Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Taguchi, KFRP stacked, drilling, grey relational analysis
The Effects of Pulse On Time and Arc On Time on Surface Quality in

Wire- EDM of ASSAB XW-42 and ASSAB 8407 2M Tool Steels
Hasriadi
1
1, a
, B.O.P Soepangkat
1, b,
H.Subiyanto
2, c
M anufacturing Process Lab., M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepuluh

Nopem ber (ITS),
Surabaya 60111, Indo nesia.
M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepulu h Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya 601 11,
Indonesia.
aa_hasriadi@rocketm ail.com , bbops_1994@m e.its.ac.id, crobin@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. In this study, the effects of cutting parameter on surface quality was investigated
experimentally in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process of ASSAB XW-42 and
ASSAB 8407 2M tool steels. The surface quality of WEDMachined (WEDMed) was usually
characterized by its roughness, recast layer and cracks. The experiments were conducted under
different setting of pulse on time and arc on time on. The work materials were ASSAB XW-42
and ASSAB 8407 2M tool steels. It can be concluded that surface roughness, recast layer
thickness and density of microcracks increased proportionally with pulse on time and arc on
time. The low thermal conductivity of ASSAB XW-42 to result in thin recast layer and low crack
density.
Keywords : Surface roughness, recast layer, microcracks, WEDM.
Modeling of Well Service and Workover to Optimize Scheduling of Oil

Well Maintenance
Sudiyono Krom odihardjo 1 , Ergo S wasono Krom odihardjo 2
1
M echanical Engineering Dept., Institut e of Technology Sepul uh Nopem ber,

Indonesia
M echanical Engineering Dept., Institut e of Technology Sepul uh Nopem ber,

Indonesia
1
sudiskr@gm ail.com ,
ergoswasono@gm ail.com
Abstract .Well maintenance (well service and workover) is an operation needed by oil company
to guarantee optimum production its oil well.Well maintenance is performed using large
equipment called hydraulic workover unit (HWU-Rig) which available in limited number.
HWU-Rig work orders were usually influenced by a number of factors including well
production, distance and travel time between well and the last position of HWU, and also the
type or duration of the work to be performed on a well. Another thing to consider is t he loss of
production caused by production halt during well breakdown until the its repaired was completed
by HWU. This research was done in Kondur Petroleum SA (KPSA) by analyzing workover
scheduling system and data of well data. such as well location, we ll production rate, and service
type needed to be performed on a well. Algorithm to create schedulling sequence that was
developed in the research. The algorithm was then implemented in discrete simulation software,
and yield the result of absolute global optimal solution, near optimal solution and local optimal
solution of the HWU scheduling problem. .
Keywords: oil well maintenance, near optimal scheduling, heuristic algorithm
Optimization Of Multi Response Using Taguchi Grey-Fuzzy End

Milling Process Material ASSAB XW-42 With Liquid Nitrogen Cooling
Dian Ridlo Pam uji 1 , 2 , Bobby O.P Soepangkat 2 , W inarto 3
1
M ech. Eng. Dept., Politeknik Negeri Banyuwa ngi, Jalan Raya Jem ber Km 13
Kabat Labanasem Banyuwangi 6 846, Ind onesia
2
Manufacturing Process Lab., M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepulu h

Nopem ber, Surabaya, Indonesia
M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepul uh Nopem ber, Surabaya, Indonesia
dianridlo@yahoo.co.id
Abstract. A research was conducted for the optimization of the end milling process ASSAB
XW-42 tool steel with multiple performance characteristics based on the orthogonal array with
Taguchi- greyfuzzy method. Liquid nitrogen was applied as a coolant. The experimental studies
were conducted under varying the liquid nitrogen cooling flow rate (FL), and the end milling
process variable, i.e., cutting speed (Vc), feeding speed (Vf) and axial depth of cut (Aa). The
optimized multiple performance characteristics were surface roughness (SR), flank wear (VB)
and material removal rate (MRR). An orthogonal array, signal-to- noise (S/N) ratio, grey
relational analysis, greyfuzzy reasoning grade and analysis of variance were employed to study
the multiple performance characteristics. Experimental results show that flow rate gives the
highest contribution for reducing the total variation of the multiple responses, followed by
cutting speed, feeding speed and axial depth of cut. The minimum surface roughness, flank wear
and maximum material removal rate could be obtained by using the values of flow rate, cutting
speed, feeding speed and axial depth of cut of 0.5 l/minute, 109.9 m/minute, 94.2 mm/minute,
and 0.9 mm respectively.
Keywords: end milling; ASSAB XW-42; liquid nitrogen; Taguchi; greyfuzzy.
Groove Overhang Impact on the Result of Surface Roughness on

Vertical CNC Milling Process
Agus Sujatm iko 1 , a , M oh Hartono 2 , b , R Edy Purwanto 3 , c
1, 2, 3
a
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, State Polytechnic of M alang, Indonesia
a_sujatm iko59@yahoo.com , b m oh_hartono@yahoo.com ,
rm edyprink@yahoo.com
Abstract. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) vertical milling is a cutting tool of a work piece
by giving CNC G-code program to the milling machine to give the chisel end mill perpendicular
to the surface of the work piece. The distance between overhang tool and holder is usually not
standard causing the end mill chisel experience minimum and maximum deflection during the
cutting process. This research observed the cutting and measuring the surface roughness of the
specimen made of BJ37mild steel. It is of a square shape with a rectangular cross-section cutting
parameters of overhang groove, vibration and feeding from the left, the middle, and the right
surface. Measurement was done by testing the surface roughness under the conditions of
changing the overhang groove, vibration, and small feeding. The observations result in smaller
deflection and angle to obtain Ra = 1.64 m average minimum level of roughness using 25mm
overhang with the same feeding of 0.18mm/rev. Ra = 1.64 m is classified into Group N7
smooth, compared to the use standard 35mm overhang which obtains Ra = 1.88 m, Group N7
normal. The minimum level of roughness can be obtained due to the smaller feeding.
Keywords: overhang groove, vibration, roughness, CNC milling machine.
Optimization of Multiple Response Characteristics in the WEDM

Process of Buderus 2379 ISO-B Tool Steel Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy
Logic Method
M . Diantoro 1 , a , B.O.P. Soepangkat
1, 2
2, b,

a
torounno@gm ail.com ,
bops_1994@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. In this study, the optimization of cutting width (Kerf), material removal rate (MRR),
surface roughness (SR) and recast layer (RL) in WEDM was conducted by using Taguchi-GreyFuzzy logic method. The experiments have been conducted under varying arc on time, on time,
off time, open voltage and servo voltage. Multiple performance characteristic have been
conducted by studying An orthogonal array, signal- to-noise (S/N) ratio, grey relational analysis,
greyfuzzy reasoning grade and analysis of variance. Experimental results show that on time
gives the highest contribution for reducing the total variation of the multiple responses, followed
by off time, open voltage, servo voltage and arc on time. The perfomance characteristic of
Buderus 2379 ISO-B tool steel in WEDM process was produced result that can be improved
using the combination of Taguchi, grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic method.
Keywords : WEDM, Taguchi, fuzzy logic, recast layer, optimization
Simulation Of Ironing Process For Bullet Case To Get Minimum

Forming Force With Variation Of Die Angle And Reduction Wall
Thickness
M . Nushron Ali.M 1 , a , I M ade Londen Batan 1 , b , Bam bang Pram ujati
Pram ono 1 , d
1
1, c ,
Agus Sigit
M echanical Engineering, Institut Teknolo gi Sepu luh Nopem ber Surabaya 60111,
Indonesia
nushron_am @yahoo.com a , londbatan@m e.its.ac.id b , pam ujati@m e.its.ac.id c
pram ono@m e.its.ac.id d
Abstract. Ironing process can be used to manufacture the bullet casings, where the magnitude
of forming force for ironing process depends on several parameters, such as die angle and the
reduction of the wall thickness. In this study a simulation is conducted to determine a minimum
required of forming force until the process successful, that means the required shell casings
accordance with the determined specifications and geometry. The material used for bullet
casings caliber 20 mm is brass Cu30% Zn 70% early-shaped cup with 33.5 mm outer diameter, 3
mm thick and 37 mm high. Based on material strength calculations, the maximum allowable wall
reduction thickness in the ironing process is 26.7%. The simulation is carried out using finite
element method on a variety of die angle such as = 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 respectively. The
simulation results show that the shell cannot through the die on each angle die. Similarly, in
variation of reduction by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, the ironing process is also unsuccessful.
However, with load of 138 Kn, in the 26.7% reduction and at die angle =5, the ironing process
to produce cylinder successfully. Similarly by the same of wall thickness reduction, with force of
148 Kn and the die angle of 10, the ironing process is also successfully to fulfill the bullet case
with a specified geometry.
Keyword : Simulation Ironing, Die Angle, Forming Force, Bullet Case
Modelling and Simulation Analysis of Solenoid Valve for Spring

Constant Influence to Dynamic Response
M asruki Kabib 1 , a ,Bam bang Pram ujati 2 ,I M ade Londen Bata n 3 ,
Agus Sigit P 4 ,
1
Doctoral student, Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, FTI, ITS, In donesia

2, 3, 4,
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, FTI, ITS, I ndonesia

a
m asruki13@m hs.m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. Abstract: Hydraulic systems are widely used in many manufacturing applications such
as metal forming and press machine. One of an important part in modern hydraulic systems is a
solenoid valve, an electromechanically operated valve in which oil flow through it in order to
move the hydraulic piston. This paper presents a new approach of modeling and simulation of
solenoid valve by using mathematical expressions for describing the spool displacement. The
objective of this research is to investigate the influence of spring constant to dynamic response
characteristic of the spool displacement. Mathematical model of solenoid valve was developed
and simulation was performed to obtain its dynamic responses due to various spring constants.
Simulation results show that better dynamic responses of solenoid valve were obtained when the
system was simulated using constant values of K1 = 6,000 N.m-1 and K2=8,000 N.m-1
Keywords:modelling, simulation, solenoid valve, spring constant, response.
A Comparison Process of 3D Model Quality Using 3D Laser Scanning

Triangulation Method
Sally Cahyatia, Mark Budimanb Fadhli Umar Lubis c
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent -Universitas Trisakti
Kam pus A Jl. Kyai Tapa No 1. Gedung Heri Hartanto. Lt.8

Grogol - Jakarta Barat 11440
a
sally@trisakti.ac.id, b m arkbudim an93@gm ail.com , c zicoabay@yahoo.com
Abstract. The quality of the 3D model scanning results are determined based on the percentage
of similarity in both geometry and dimensions of the model to the real product, as well as models
surface smoothness. The 3D models of scanning results are strongly influenced by the methods
and devices which are used in the scanning process. Triangulation method is used in this study to
determine whether the camera of a mobile phone can replace the web camera which is used as
input devices in a 3D laser scanner. Next, it will be seen whether the quality of the scanning can
meet the specified accuracy requirements, Three types of mobile phone cameras with the same
specifications will be tested and seen their validity. Every smartphones have an optimal level of
surface refinement and uncertainty of 3D Models in the scanning distance (z) which is 25
(mm). In This position the ratio percentage of 3D model has the closest geometry to the original
product.
Keywords: model. 3d, laser, scan, triangulation
Optimization ofMultiple Performance Characteristics inWire Electrical

Discharge Machining (WEDM) Processof Buderus 2080 Tool Steel
Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Method
D.A. Purnom o1,2, B.O.P. Soepangkat2, H. C. Kis Agustin3
1
Design and M anufacturing Eng. Dept., Pol iteknik Perkapalan Negeri Sur abaya
(PPNS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
2

Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
M etallurgical Lab., M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknolo gi Sepul uh Nopem ber (ITS),
Surabaya 60111, Indo nesia
E-M ail: dic_aditya@yahoo.com
Abstract. This paper presents an optimization of machining parameters on the material removal
rate (MRR), cutting width (kerf), surface roughness (SR) and recast layer thickness (RL) of
WEDM process. Buderus 2080 tool steel was selected as workpiece material. The co mbinations
of machining parameters were determined by using Taguchi experimental design method. The
four important machining parameters such as arc on time, on time, open voltage and servo
voltage were taken as process variables. Optimal machining parameter were obtained by grey
relational analysis and fuzzy logic method. Experimental results show that on time gives the
highest contribution for reducing the total variation of the multiple responses, followed by open
voltage, servo voltage and arc on time. The maximum material removal rate and minimum
cutting width, surface roughness and recast layer thickness could be obtained by using the values
of arc on time, on time, open voltage and servo voltage of 1 A, 2 s, 75 V and 30 V respectively.
Keywords: WEDM; Buderus 2080; Taguchi Method; Grey relational analysis; Fuzzy logic
A Review Paper on Product Surface Defect Detection of Ironing

Process
FAIZIN Akhm ad 1 , a , W AHJUDI Arif
1, 2, 3, 4
2, b
, BATAN I M ade Londen

Sigit 4 , d
3, c
, PRAMONO Agus
Sepuluh Nopem ber Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Ind onesia

a
akhm ad.faizin14@m hs.m e.its.ac.id, b arif_ w@m e.its.ac.id,

c
londbatan@m e.its.ac.id, d pram ono@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. The quality of product of manufacturing industries depends on dimension accurately

and surface roughness quality. There are many types of surface defects and levels of surface
roughness quality. Ironing process is one type of metal forming process, which aims to reduce
the wall thickness of the cup-shaped or pipes products, thus increasing the height of the wall.
Manually surface inspection procedures are very inadequate to ensure the surface in guaranteed
quality. To ensure strict requirements of customers, the surface defect inspection based on image
processing techniques has been found to be very effective and popular over the last two decades.
The paper has been reviewed some papers based on image processing for defect detection. It has
been tried to find some alternatives of useful methods for product surface defect detection of
ironing process.
Keywords: ironing process, surface defects, detection method, image processing
Parametric Optimization Of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining

Process On AISI H13 TOOL Steel Using Weighted Principal
Component Analysis (WPCA) And Taguchi Method
Nuraini Lusi 1 , Khairu l M uzaka 1 , Bobby Oedy Pram oedyo Soepangkat 2
1
State Polythecnic of Banyuwa ngi, Jalan Raya Jem ber Km 13 Kabat Labanasem ,
Banyuwa ngi 68 461, Ind onesia
2
M anufac turing Laboratory, M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Sepu luh
Nopem ber (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
E-M ail: nurailusi@gm ail.com
Abstract. Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) plays a important role in the
manufacturing process for various industries. In the WEDM process, the objective is to get
improved Material Removal Rate (MRR) along with achieving better surface quality of
machined component. An Experimental Investigation was conducted to determine the setting
appropriate parameters of WEDM process to maximize the material removal rate, minimize kerf
and surface roughness of workpiece material. The experimental design used is based on
orthogonal matrix L18 design. WEDM process parameters to be determined the setting are the
arc on time, on time, open voltage, off time and servo voltage. The results have shown that the
parameters arc on time, on time, open voltage, and off time have t he greatest contribution in
reducing the variation of responses were observed simultaneously.
Keywords: WEDM; AISI H13 tool steel; Taguchi; WPCA.
The Influence Of Binder Variation Using Eruption Kelud Sand On

Sand Mold Strength, Quality And Fluidity Results On Al-Si Metal
Casting
Deby Yangin Drajat 1 , De wi Puspitasari 1 , Za im Zarkasi 1 , M uhamm ad Ilm an Nur
Sasongko 1 Rudi Anggoro Kurnia wan 1 , Poppy Puspitasari 1 ,* Putut M urdanto 1 ,
Tu woso 1
1
M echanical Engineering Departm ent, Engine ering Faculty, Universitas Negeri

M alang, Sem arang Street No. 5 M alang, East Java, Indonesia
Corresponding author (*): poppy@um .ac.id
Abstract. Sand casting carried by medium and large scale industries typically uses commercial
silica sand. Natural disaster on Mount Kelud eruption has introduced a new breakthrough in the
form of ideas to use volcanic sand foundry sand as a base material for aluminum silica based
products. This study, meanwhile, used the experimental method in which, prior to be given the
treatment, the specimens were analyzed on the strength of molding sand, disability and ability to
cast the metal flow (fluidity), and the quality of Al-Si as casting product. In addition, to observe
the defects, tests on surface hardness and microstructure of Al-Si using Optical Microscope and
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were conducted. The results showed the best fluidity
owned by the eruption of Mount Kelud sand specimens with a variety of bentonite 10% and
hardness value at 129.71 HV. The data obtained from the microstructure result revealed that the
eruption of Mount Kelud sand specimens with 10% portland cement variations have the pinhole
defect size of most small amounting to 7 pieces and open grain structure defects 117 pieces.
In other words, sand Kelud eruption molding sand can be an alternative to the metal casting
industry.
Keywords: Eruption sand Kelud, Strength, Fluidity dan Casting Quality
Optimization of Multi Response Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy of

Cryogenic Cooling in Face Milling Material ASSAB XW42
M . A. W ahid
1, 3, a
, B.O.P. Soepangkat
1, b
, B. Pram ujati
2, c
Autom ation Laboratory, M ech. Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Sep uluh Nopem ber
(ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.
3
M echanical Enggineering Dept., Po liteknik Negeri Banyu wangi (POLIWANGI),

Banyuwa ngi 68 461, Ind onesia.
wahi ed_pol i wa ngi@yahoo.co.id
Abstract. In this study, optimization of milling parameters on surface roughness, material

removal rate and cutting force during symmetrical cryogenic face milling process of tool steel
ASSAB XW42 were investigeted. The milling parameters varied are cutting speed, feeding
speed, axial depth of cut and flow rate of cryogenic cooling. The 18 orthogonal array was . were .
surface roughness, ). . flow rate, . The maximum material removel rate and minimum surface
roughness and cutting force could be obtained by using the values of flow rate, cutting speed,
feeding speed and axial depth of cut of 0.5 l/minute, 300 m/minute, 150 mm/minute and 0.2 mm.
experimental design using a Ltable selected based on the Taguchi methodExperiments
completely randomized and repeated twiceGrey relational coefficients analyze the level of
multiple responses (material removal rate and cutting forceFuzzy logic was used to perform
fuzzy reasoning of some performance characteristicsExperimental results show that the axial
depth of cut gives the highest contribution for reducing the total variation of the multiple
response, followed by feeding speed and cutting speed
Keywords: face milling, cryogenic, ASSAB XW42, Taguchi, grey, fuzzy logic.
Mechatronics and Control System
Reconfiguration of modular robotic system MECABOT

Ing Ricardo Andrs Castillo Estepa M .Sc a , Ing. Oscar Fernando Avils Sanchez
Ph.D , b , Ing. Oscar Gerardo Rubiano M ontaa , c and Ing. Germ n Andrs Vargas
Torres , d
1
3 a
Av stret 100, Bogot Colom bia
ricardo.castillo@unim ilitar.edu.co, oscar.aviles@unim ilitar.edu.co,

u3900194@u nim ilitar.edu .co, u3900 194@unim ilit ar.edu.co
b
Abstract. In this paper reconfiguring modular robot which is called MECABOT show, taking it
to form different shapes like: Caterpillar, wheel, snake. The strategy presented is a cooperative
structure among the "n" robots with which you want to work and a supervisor " who manages
the activities of robots and handles variables of each robot on the operating environment as are
the robot guidance position which must be connected . Making a point to multipoint
communication system is achieved that the supervisor robots send the required data to a fuzzy
logic algorithm can have a kind of autonomy. These algorithms are embedded on a finite state
machine that facilitates the management of activities and when they should be executed,
allowing robots to achieve the desired configuration. Using simulation software "Webots" which
is a robotic simulation software developed by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Switzerland by Oliver Michel, an environment where implemented in simplified form
the mechanical model of the robot it was created and are able to implement algorithms designed
control for the supervisor and robots.
Keywords: Modular robots, reconfigurable, simulation, finite state machine.
Dimensionally Homogeneous Jacobian and Conditioning Number

Latifah Nurahm i and Stp hane Caro
Institut de Recherche en Comm unications et Cyberntique de Nantes,
Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France
Em ails: {latifah.nurahm i,stephane.caro}@irccyn.ec -nantes.fr
Abstract. This paper deals with the formulation of the dimensionally homogeneous extended
Jacobian matrix, which is an important issue for the performance analysis of f degrees-offreedom (f 6) parallel manipulators having coupled rotational and translational motions. By
using the f independent coordinates to define the permitted motions and (6-f) independent
coordinates to define the restricted motions of the moving platform, the 66 dimensionally
homogeneous extended Jacobian matrix is derived for non-redundant parallel manipulators. The
conditioning number of the parallel manipulators is computed to evaluate the homogeneous
extended Jacobian matrix, the homogeneous actuation wrench matrix, and the homogeneous
constraint wrench matrix to evaluate the performance of the parallel manipulators. By using
these indices, the closeness of a pose to different singularities can be detected. An illustrative
example with the 3-RPS parallel manipulator is provided to highlight the effectiveness of the
approach and the proposed indices.
Keywords: screw theory, conditioning number, dimensionally homogeneous extended Jacobian
matrix, singularities, and parallel manipulators.
Navigation and Guidance Control System of AUV with Trajectory

Estimation of Linear Modelling
1, 2
1
2
Teguh Herlam bang,
Eko Budi Djatm iko,
Hendro Nurhadi
Departm ent of Inform ation System , FT UNUSA, Indonesia
Post Graduate Program in M arine Technology, ITS, Indonesia

3
4
1, 2
Departm ent of Ocean Engineering, FTK ITS, Indo nesia
Departm ent of M echanical Engineering, FTI ITS, In donesia
teguh@unusa.ac.id, 3 ebd jatm iko@oe.its.ac.id, 4 hdnurhad i@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. This paper put forwards a study on the development of navigation and guidance
systems for AUV. The restriction in AUV model and estimation on the degree of freedom are
recognized as the common problem in AUVs navigation and guidance systems. In this respect a
linear model, derived from the linearization using the Jacobian matrix, will be utilized. The so
obtained linear model is then estimated by the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The
implementation of EnKF algorithm on the linear model is carried out by establishing two
simulations, namely by generating 300 and 400 ensembles, respectively. The simulations exhibit
that the generation of 400 ensembles will give more accurate results in comparison to the
generation of 300 ensembles. Furthermore, the best simulation yields the tracking accuracy
between the real and simulated trajectories, in translational modes, is in the order of 99.88%,
and in rotational modes is in the order of 99.99%.
Keywords : AUV, EnKF, Navigation
Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation and Digital Control of Double

Inverted Pendulum
Germ n Daro Buitrago Salazar 1 , Dar o Am aya Hurtado 2 and Olga Ram os
Sandoval 3
1, 2, 3
Nueva Granada M ilitary University, Carrera 11 No. 101 -80, Bogot D.C.,
Colom bia.
E-M ail: gedabusa@gm ail.com
Abstract . The popularity that control systems have gained at industrial level, has triggered the
use of new technologies to simulate industrial processes in laboratories, without having a station
with the plant to control. This paper presents the modeling of an inverted double pendulum and,
subsequent emulation and control using Hardware-In-The-Loop. To being able to accomplish the
previous, first the mathematical model of the plant was obtained from the method of EulerLagrange differential equations. The model was then discretized with a sampling time of 0.2 s
and programmed into an embedded device. Within a user interface developed in C#, a
discretized LQR controller was programmed acting on the embedded system, through a serial
communication protocol. Furthermore, this interface monitors the output signals. The obtained
results demonstrate the advantages of using such tools, since a plant can be controlled in real
time, without having it physically made.
Keywords: Hardware In-The-Loop; LQR controller; Double Inverted Pendulum; Emulation;
Control.
Inverse Kinematics Modelling for Writing Robot Control Using ANFIS

Adlina Taufik Syam lan 1 , a , Bam bang Pram ujati 2 , b and Hendro Nurhadi 3 , c
1, 2, 3
M echanical Engineering Departm ent
Institut Teknologi Sepu luh Nopem ber Surabaya , Indonesia 6 0111

a
syam lan.adlina@gm ail.com , b pram ujati@m e.its.ac.id, c hdnurhadi@m e.its.ac.id
Abstract. Robotics applies widely in the industrial world, due to its outstanding qualities in
precision and accuracy. This paper is designed to display these qualities in a form of a writing
robot. Image processing, character recognition, path planning and theta deduction are studied in
this project. This paper served as discussion in theta deduction using inverse kinematics, to
deduce joint angles of robotic arm, using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).
Two ANFIS are trained and evaluated for this task. Evaluation assessed is the deviation between
input and output. Based on this evaluation, it is concluded that system is successfully
constructed, although some problems persist and needs further study.
Keywords: 2-DOF, ANFIS, Hybrid, Inverse Kinematics, Robot Arm
Type Synthesis of Two DOF Hybrid Translational Parallel

Manipulators
Latifah Nurahm i, Stphan e Caro and Sbastien Bri ot
Instit ut d e Rec herch e en Com m u nica ti ons et Cyb er nt iq ue d e N ant es, F ra nce
Em ails: {l ati fa h.n ur ahm i ,ste ph an e.car o,se bast ie n. bri ot} @irccyn.ec - na nt es.fr
Abstract. This paper introduces a methodology for the type synthesis of two degree-offreedom
hybrid translational manipulators with identical legs. The type synthesis method is based upon
the screw theory. Three types of two degree-offreedom hybrid translational manipulators with
identical legs are identified based upon their wrench decomposition. Each leg of the
manipulators is composed of a proximal module and a distal module mounted in series. The
assembly conditions and the validity of the actuation scheme are also defined. Eventually, some
novel two degree-of-freedom hybrid translational manipulators are synthesized with the
proposed procedure.
Keywords: type synthesis, screw theory, hybrid legs, and parallel manipulators.

Proceeding ICOME 2015

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Proceeding ICOME 2015

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering

: Dr. Bambang Arip Dwiyantoro

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 1

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 2

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 3

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 4

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 5

Small Bussiness Simulation.......................................................................................................... 152

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 6

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 7

Keynote speech abstracts

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 8

Technology is The Key Enabler for Energy Sustainability

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 9

High Thermal Conductive Composite Containing a Network of Carbon Fiber and

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 10

Metal Hydride Based Energy Storage: From Materials to Systems

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 11

Application of Numerical Simulation to Silicon Crystal Growth Process

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 12

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 13

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering

Wednesday, September 2, 2015

Thursday, September 3, 2015

Keynote speech II:

Keynote speech III:

Keynote speech IV:

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 14

Friday, September 4, 2015

Saturday, September 5, 2015

Tour (Optional, at additional cost)

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 15

Thursday, September 3, 2015

Energy, Heat Trans fer and Fluid Flow

Energy, Heat Trans fer and Fluid Flow

Chai r : Budi Utomo K. Widodo

Chai r: Mi ng-Jyh Chern

Marco Bietresato, Massimiliano Renzi, Simone

Tri Ayodha Ajiwiguna, Tesla Hamonangan and

Satworo Adiwidodo, I.N.G. Wardana, Lilis Yuliati

Chien-Yuh Yang and Alireza Jafari

Willyanto Anggono, Fandi Dwiputra Suprianto,

Melvin E. Simanjuntak, Prabowo and Ahmad Sefriko

Kusmiyati, Triana Retno Pratiwi and Tri Wulandari

Mirmanto Mirmanto, Emmy Sulistyowati and I Ketut

Bambang Sudarmanta, Bambang Junipitoyo, Ary

Prabowo Prabowo, Melvin Emil S. and Nanang R,

Hendry Sakke Tira, Yesung Allo Padang, Tri

Tri Ayodha Ajiwiguna, Hun Sik Han and Seo Young

The 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering | 16

Thursday, September 3, 2015

Mechani cal Design, Structure, Vibra tion

Chai r: Alief Wika rta

Chai r: Jiing-Yih Lai

Harus Laksana Guntur and Wiwiek Hendrowati

Kotelnikov V.I, Koshurina A.A, Gavrilov G.N and

Silvianita Silvianita, Mohd Faris Khamidi, Kriyo

Sigit Iswahyudi and Wandi Arnandi

Noor Fawazi and Jung-Youn Lee

Halim Shah Hamzah, Shari Mohd Yusof, Muhammad

Shu-Wei Guo and Chih-Kuang Lin

Pei-Hsing Huang, Jian-Rong Chen and Hong-Zhong Lu

Harus Laksana Guntur

I Made Londen Batan, Syifa and Danny Prasetyo