What is

PSYCHOLOGY?

Philosophy as the mother of all

sciences
Socrates

Plato
Aristotle
Hippocrates

The Origin of Psychology

What is consciousness?

Are people inherently rational or

irrational?
Do we really have free will?
Nature or Nurture? (Descartes vs
Locke)

Psychology
The scientific study of human behavior
and mental processes.

Psychology
The scientific study of human behavior
and mental processes.

Psychology
The scientific study of human behavior
and mental processes.

Psychology
The scientific study of human behavior
and mental processes.

The Goals of Psychology

Description

Explanation
Prediction
Influence

Subfields of Psychology
Behavioral Genetics

Experimental Psychology

Physiological Psychology

Forensic Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Health Psychology

Personality Psychology

Industrial-Organizational
Psychology

Developmental Psychology

Clinical Psychology
Educational Psychology
Environmental Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Social Psychology
Counseling Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Filipino Psychology

The Beginning of
Scientific
Psychology
The Different Schools of Thought

Structuralism
The first school of psychology
Developed by Wilhelm Wundt
(Germany, the father of Psychology),
who established the first psychology
laboratory at the University of Leipzig
in 1879 & Edward Tichner (U.S)
Focused on breaking down mental
processes into the most basic
components, Introspection

Functionalism
Developed by William James (1870s).
Focused on how the mind works to
enable an organism to adapt to and
function in its environment by
observing its behaviors.
Other notable functionalists:
John Dewey
Harvey Carr

Psychoanalysis
Developed by Sigmund Freud during the
1890s.

A psychological school of thought

focused mainly on the unconscious.
Psychoanalysts argue that human mental
life is like an iceberg where only the
conscious aspect is seen while the
unconscious aspect is submerged.
Other psychoanalysts include Carl Jung,
Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney.

Psychoanalysis
Carl Jung was a supporter of Freud until
1910 when he came up with his own
ideas of psychoanalysis
Created the concepts of introversion
and extraversion, archetypes, and unity
in experience.

Psychoanalysis
Alfred Adler, unlike Freud, believed that
the social and community realm is
equally as important to psychology as
the internal realm of the individual.
Adler developed the first holistic theory
of personality and birth order

Behaviorism
By 1920, new schools of thought emerged:
Behaviorism and Gestalt Psychology, while
Psychoanalysis continued on.

Behaviorism was developed by John B.

Watson (U.S.), Ivan Pavlov (Russia), and later
on by Burrhus Frederic (B. F.) Skinner (U.S.)
during the 1950s.
Focused on the idea that all behavior is a
result of conditioning and the environment
shapes behavior by reinforcing specific
habits.
Became the most influential school of
thought in the U.S until the 1960s.

Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt is a German term meaning form
or configuration.
Developed by Max Wertheimer during
the early 1900s.
Focused on perception. Gestalt
psychology believes that perceptual
experiences depend on the patterns
formed by stimuli and on the
organization of experience.
The whole is greater from the sum of its
parts.

Gestalt Laws
Law of Closure
Law of Similarity
Law of Proximity
Law of Symmetry

Law of Continuity
Figure Ground

Gestalt Laws
Law of Closure
Law of Similarity
Law of Proximity
Law of Symmetry

Law of Continuity
Figure Ground

Humanistic Psychology
A psychological approach that suggests
that all individuals naturally strive to grow,
develop, and be in control of their lives
and behavior.
Focuses on the uniqueness of human
beings and their capacity for choice,
growth, and psychological health.
Developed by Carl Rogers (clientcentered therapy) in 1951 and by
Abraham Maslow (concept of selfactualization) in 1954.

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Cognitive Psychology
Founded by Ulric Neisser, the father of
cognitive psychology

Sees humans as active participants in their

environment by using mental processes to
transform information in the course of their
own cognitive development.
Includes topics such as memory, problem
solving, reasoning, decision making,
perception, language, as well as other
forms of cognition.

Filipino Psychology
Developed by Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez
(the father of Fil. Psy.) during the early
1970s and was later on supported by
Zeus Salazar and Dr. Alfredo Lagmay.
Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino
Psychology) refers to the psychology
born out of the experience, thought
and orientation of the Filipinos, based
on the full use of Filipino culture and
language .
Anchored on Filipino thought and
experience as understood from a
Filipino perspective. Defined KAPWA as
the Filipino core value.

Filipino Psychology
Enriquez defined psychology in a Filipino perspective as
the study of
emotions and experienced knowledge (kalooban and
kamalayan)
awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat)
information and understanding (isip)
habits and behavior (another meaning of diwa)
and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to learning about
peoples conscience.

Filipino Values
Bahala Na
Utang na Loob
Hiya
Pakikisama vs. Pakikipagkapwa