APUSHistory

Unit5/BythePeopleChapters1620TestStudyGuide

1.Developmentofthefactorysystem/reducedneedforskilledworkers
WhichofthefollowingeconomicrealitiesisMOSTCLOSELYassociatedwiththe
developmentofthefactorysystem?(A)Reducedneedforskilledworkers.
Withtheadvancementoftechnology,skilledworkerswerenotneedednearlyasmuchas
theyusedtobebecausetheyhadmachinestodotheworkforthem.

2.Theterribleworkingconditions/pushforunionization
Workingconditionsduringthistimewerehorribleandcausedmanyworkinjuries.
I.E.ThemeatfactoriesinChicago
Therewerealsoveryyoungpeopleworkinghoursinadarkfactorforhoursonend
Unionizationistheformationofaunionwheregroupsofpeople(organizedbyworktype,
race,ethnicity,orgender)cometogetherinlargegroupstopersuadethegovernmentin
wages,benefits,andworkingconditions.
Examples:TheAmericanRaillwayUnion
MinersandTheirUnions

3.HoraceMann
WasknownintheWhigPartybutthenstartedadvocatingeducationandpersuading
congresstopassbillstopassBoardsofEducation
Believedeveryoneshouldpaytaxestosupportschoolingsystem,andbelievedeveryone
shouldhaveshottogotoschool
HelpedcreatetheKnowNothingParty
WasachairattheFugitiveSlaveAct

4.TheSixteenthAmendment
TheCongressshallhavepowertolayandcollecttaxesonincomes,from
whateversourcederived,withoutapportionmentamongtheseveralstates,
andwithoutregardtoanycensusorenumeration.
WHYDIDTHISHAPPENTHOUGH

5.Agrariandiscontent/railroadsexploitation
railroadmonopolies,banks,equipment,manufacturers.thegrange,patronsofhusbandry.
"buylessandproducemore."thenationalfarmers'alliance

6.Horizontalintegration/economiccompetition
Horizontalintegrationthemergerofcompetitorsinthesameindustry.
Manymenthatinstilledhorizontalintegration,wantedcompetitionwithintheeconomyas
well
Ex:Rockefellerdrovemanyotheroilcompaniesoutofbusinessbyundercuttingtheirprices
anddrivingothersoutofbusiness

7.MajorsupportersofWilliamJenningsBryanin1896
Thediscontentedfarmerseventuallyformedathirdnationalpoliticalpartycalledthe
PopulistParty.TheyranWilliamJenningsBryanforpresidentin1892and1896.They
wantedadirectelectionofsenators,agraduatedincometax,andpublicownershipofthe
railroads.Thebiggestissuetheypushedwastheuseofsilverforcurrencyexchangein

additiontogold.Thiswouldlowerinterestratesandhelpthecashstrapped,indebt
farmers.
WilliamJenningsBryanwasactuallyademocratbuthadmanyofthesamebeliefsasthe
Populistpartyandbegantoseeintheirfavor.
BryanwaselectedfortheDemocratPartiespresidentialcandidate,whichtorethepopulist
partybecausetheyhadsharedbeliefsbuthewasofadifferentparty.
HethenafterlosttheelectiontoWilliamMcKinley,andlostpowerfortheparty.Hemadea
reappearancelaterbutdidnotgoanywhere

8.Newimmigrants/SouthernandEasternEuropeans
Camefrom:Italy,Greece,Russia,Poland,ect.(buttheyaren'tfromsouthernoreastern
Europe)
Traveledherebecauseofthepushpullexperience
pushManypeoplewerepushedfromtheircountriesbecauseofincreasingpoverty
andwarrates.TherewerealsopogromswhichweattacksontheJews.They
werenottheonlyethnicityorreligiontoreceiveunjusttreatment.
pullAmericawasameltingpotformanyimmigrants.Therewasapullofjob
opportunitiesthatwerepromising
Therealityofitwasthatimmigrantswerenttreatedthebestandgottheworstjobs.Many
timestheirnameswerechangedatEilisIslandsandtheirtraditionswerelookeddownupon.

9.Legitimatefunctionsofthefederalgovernmentinthelatenineteenthcentury(tariffs,RR,
immigration)

4.Allofthefollowingwereconsideredlegitimatefunctionsofthefederalgovernmentinthe
late19thcenturyexcept

(A)promotingindustrialgrowthbymeansofaprotectivetariff

(B)grantingsubsidiestoencouragetheconstructionofrailroads

(C)regulatingimmigration

(D)assuringthewelfareofthepoorandunemployed

(E)regulatingthenation'scurrency

10.Americanmerchantsandshipsinforeignports/foreignmissionaryactivity
Thereweremanymoremissionariesthattraveledtodifferentcountriestoestablishreligion
andChurchcomparedtotheprecivilwarera.Merchantsandindustrialiststraveledalsoto
newcountries,atfirstCubaandMexico,buttheninternationally
Afterthepanicof1873,manypeoplebelievedthattheonlywaytobesuccessfulasan
economywastotradeinternationally.FromthereAmericaexplodedintoatradingbig
houserightafterBritain.Itsportswereeventuallyopenedeverywhere,evenKorea.

11TheJungle/MeatInspectionActof1906
ThemostinfluentialbookofthetimewasTheJunglebyUptonSinclair.Itexposedthemeat
packingindustryandcausedcongresstopasstheMeatInspectionAct,setuptheFoodand
DrugAdministrationorFDA,andpassedthePureFoodandDrugAct.ThefireattheTriangle
ShirtwaistCompanythatcausedthedeathsofnearly150younggarmentworkersgalvanized
thelabormovementintoseekingmoreprotectiononthejobsuchassprinklers.
Afterthisbookwaspublished,themeatinspectionof1906waspassedasawaytoregulate
meatandwhathappenedwithinthefactoriesthatproducedsuchgoods.

12.US/China/OpenDoorPolicy

 Chinawasveryweakbythistimeandmanycountrieswerecarvingoutspheresofinfluence,
inwhichtheyessentiallycontrolledpartsofthecountry.TheU.S.didnthaveoneandsent
theOpenDoorNotesproclaimingthatChinashouldbeabletoruleitsowncountry,free
frominterferencefromothercountries.

Thepolicyproposedtokeep
China
opentotradewithallcountriesonanequalbasis,keepingany
onepowerfromtotalcontrolofthecountry,andcallinguponallpowers,withintheir
spheresof
influence
,torefrainfrominterferingwithany
treatyport
oranyvestedinterest,topermitChinese
authoritiestocollecttariffsonanequalbasis,andtoshownofavorstotheirownnationalsinthe
matterofharbourduesorrailroadcharges.

13.Reason/sfortheUSentryintothewarwithSpainin1898
Cuba,ninetymilestothesouth,wasthenextImperialisticmove.TheCubanshadbeen
fightingfortheirfreedomfromSpainforyears.Thepresswouldexaggeratestoriesof
Spanishatrocitiesinordertoincreasenewspapercirculationandincreasetheirprofits.This
yellowjournalismwhippedtheAmericanpeopleintoajingoisticfeverbentongoingtowar
withSpaintospreaddemocracytoCuba.TheexplosionoftheU.S.S.MaineinHavana
harborbegantheSpanishAmericanWarortheWarof1898.Itwascalledthesplendidlittle
warbecausetheU.S.thrashedthehaplessSpanishwithinthreemonths.TheTreatyofParis
1898gavetheUnitedStatesPuertoRico,Guam,AmericanSamoa,andthePhilippines.Cuba
becameanAmericanprotectorateuntilitcouldselfrule.ThePhilippinesbeganaguerilla
waragainsttheUnitedStatesthattookmorelivesthanthewar.ThePhilippinesweregiven
theirindependencein1946.

14.Majoracts,policies,reforms,andamendmentsoftheProgressives
Theresultofthewayindustrializationtreatedtheworkingclasscausedabacklashagainst
businessownersandanindifferentsociety.TheProgressiveMovementwasanattemptto
improvesociety,business,andgovernment.Ithadmanydiversegoalsincludingwomens
rights,betterworkingconditions,eradicatingchildlabor,improvingefficiencyinbusinesses
andgovernment,helpingtheincomingimmigrantsbecomeacclimatedtosociety,and
abolishingalcohol.TheUnitedStatesattemptedtoavoidinvolvementinWorldWarIby
adheringtoGeorgeWashingtonsstrictpolicyofneutrality.
Theyrangedfromamoreefficientandlesscorruptgovernment,toimprovingconditionsfor
immigrants,foodsafety,childlaborlaws,andregulatingbigbusinesstocompetefairly.
LeadingtheProgressiveMovementwasagroupofcrusadingjournalistsknownas
muckrakers.Thesejournalistsuncoveredsocietalproblemsandexposedthecorruptand
dirtysideofsociety.
Ex:FDA,TheShermanAntiTrustActof1890mademonopoliesinbusinessillegal,
temperancemovements

15.USbalanceoftrade19001920
Itarguedthatwithoutapowerfulnavy,acountrywouldbeshutoutofthelucrativeworld
trademarketsandnaturalresources.Duringthe1890stheUnitedStatesembarkedon
carvingoutanempireforitself.ThereasonswereEconomic(newmarketsandresources),
aswellasPolitical(tospreaddemocracy)andCultural(tospreadChristianity).

16.Effect/softheRepublicanPartysplitintheelectionof1912
AsRooseveltbecamemoreradicalinhisp
rogressivism,
Taftwashardenedinhisresolve
toachieverenominationultimatelyheoutmaneuveredRooseveltandwontheR
epublican
nomination.

AsaresultofTaft'srenomination,Rooseveltandhisgroupofdisgruntledpartymembers
officiallysplitfromthepartytocreatetheP
rogressiveParty
(or"BullMoose")ticket.

 ThissplittheRepublicanvotein1912,leadingtotheelectionoftheDemocraticnominee,
WoodrowWilson.
Taftreceivedamere25%ofthepopularvote,markinghisdefeatasthe
worstinAmericanhistoryofanincumbentPresidentseekingreelection.

Althoughthe1912electionwasadisasterfortheRepublicans,Taftsawhisdefeatasan
opportunityforthefracturedR
epublicanparty
toreunitearoundtheconservativeparty
standardinfuturepoliticalcontests.
17.MostsuccessfulthirdpartymovementintwentiethcenturyUS

18.Progressives/racialdiscriminationandblacksuffrage
Therewasstillsomuchdiscriminationbetweenblacksandwhites
Ex:railraodcars,churches,politicalstandings
RooseveltwasatthistimeaRepublican,buteventuallybecameaprogressiveandoftensaw
blacksasequal.RooseveltsetthecurbbyinvitingblackstotheWhiteHousetoeatonmore
thanoneoccasion.Hecontinuedtomakespeechedaboutsupportingblacksandwhatthey
standforintheUnitedStates.

19.Reason/sforAmericanimperialisminthe1890's
Imperialism
apolicyofextendingacountry'spowerandinfluencethrough
diplomacyormilitaryforce.
Theideaofglobalizationwasarealityinthe1890s.Telegraphwiresconnected
theworldsince1867andsteamshipsofferedfast,reliableworldwidetravel.The
UnitedStateswasnowcompetingformarketsandresourceswithallcountries.
ThecountryhadhealeditsCivilWarwoundsandhadbeguntolookoutward,ina
newversionofManifestDestiny.Theresultofthewayindustrializationtreated
theworkingclasscausedabacklashagainstbusinessownersandanindifferent
society.TheProgressiveMovementwasanattempttoimprovesociety,
business,andgovernment.Ithadmanydiversegoalsincludingwomensrights,
betterworkingconditions,eradicatingchildlabor,improvingefficiencyin
businessesandgovernment,helpingtheincomingimmigrantsbecome
acclimatedtosociety,andabolishingalcohol.

20.USlandgainsfromtheSpanishAmericanWar
TheTreatyofParis1898gavetheUnitedStatesPuertoRico,Guam,AmericanSamoa,and
thePhilippines.CubabecameanAmericanprotectorateuntilitcouldselfrule.The
PhilippinesbeganaguerrillawaragainsttheUnitedStatesthattookmorelivesthanthe
war.ThePhilippinesweregiventheirindependencein1946

21.CriticismofBookerT.WashingtonbyAfricanAmericans
Hearguedthatitwastimetoadjusttosegregationratherthanchallengethelawsand
customsagainstblacks.
Thisseemedlikethemostrealisticpath,butW.E.B.DuBoisquicklyandharshlyshotdown
thatidea

22.TheodoreRooseveltsphilosophyofNewNationalism

InTeddyRoosevelt'sNewNationalismspeech,hecalledforallofthefollowingreforms
EXCEPTanendtoalltrusts

TheNewNationalismspeechwehearnowfamiliarthemessuchasspecialinterests,the
necessityofregulatingthecorporations,andthecleardistinctionbetweenhumanrightsand
propertyrights.

23.TheodoreRoosevelt'sforeignpolicyintheWesternHemisphere
AsPresident,Rooseveltwantedtoincreasetheinfluenceandprestigeofthe

UnitedStatesontheworldstageandmakethecountryaglobalpower.Healso
believedthattheexportationofAmericanvaluesandidealswouldhavean
ennoblingeffectontheworld.TR'sdiplomaticmaximwasto"speaksoftlyand
carryabigstick,"andhemaintainedthatachiefexecutivemustbewillingtouse
forcewhennecessarywhilepracticingtheartofpersuasion.Hethereforesought
toassembleapowerfulandreliabledefensefortheUnitedStatestoavoid
conflictswithenemieswhomightpreyonweakness.Rooseveltfollowed
McKinleyinendingtherelativeisolationismthathaddominatedthecountrysince
themid1800s,actingaggressivelyinforeignaffairs,oftenwithoutthesupportor
consentofCongress.

24.Progressivesthoughtsonhowtheillsofmodernsocietycouldbesolved

25.Muckrakingjournalistssuccesses
LeadingtheProgressiveMovementwasagroupofcrusadingjournalistsknownas
muckrakers.Thesejournalistsuncoveredsocietalproblemsandexposedthecorruptand
dirtysideofsociety.
Manyofthemweresuccessful
ex:TheJunglebyUptonSinclair

26.RobertLaFollette/the"WisconsinIdea"/regulatorycommissions
TheWisconsinIdea,in
UnitedStatesHistory
,alsoreferstoaseriesof
political
reformsofthelate
19thcenturyandearly20thcenturywhosestrongestadvocatewas
RobertM.LaFollette,Sr.
,
Wisconsin
's
governor
(19011906)and
senator
(19061925).TheWisconsinIdeawascreatedby
thestate'sprogressivestodoawaywith
monopolies
,
trusts
,high
costofliving
,andpredatory
wealth,whichtheysawastheproblemthatmustbesolvedorelse"noadvancementofhuman
[5]
welfareorprogresscantakeplace".
Reformsin
laborrights
wereoneofthemajoraspectsofthe
WisconsinIdea.

27.BookerT.WashingtonsphilosophyforimprovementforAfricanAmericans
AtfirstWashingtonspreadthewordthatblacksneededtoconformtosegregationandnot
forcethelaw,forthishegotalotofcriticism.
Earlyoninhiscareerhewasanadvocateforeducationforblacksafteremancipation
advocateforvotingrights
KeptfocusonIndiansandBlacksduringthetimeofglobalizationwhenAmericawantedto
movebeyonditsborders.

28.W.E.B.DuBoisphilosophyforimprovementforAfricanAmericans
Arguedthatblackswereforcedtodevelopinacountrythatproclaimedlibertybutexcluded
themfromlaw
FormedorganizationssuchastheNiagaraMovementwhichpromotedracialintegration
helpedfoundNAACPtorestoreblackpoliticalandsocialrights
29.TheUnderwoodSimmonsTariff

reimposedthefederal
incometax
followingtheratificationofthe
SixteenthAmendment
and
loweredbasic
tariff
ratesfrom40%to25%,wellbelowthe
PayneAldrichTariffAct
of1909.Itwas
signedintolawbyPresident
WoodrowWilson
onOctober3,1913,andwassponsoredby
Alabama
Representative
OscarUnderwood
.

30.PresidentWoodrowWilson'sLatinAmericanpolicy
WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribesPresidentWoodrowWilson'sLatin
Americanpolicy?(A)Wilson'spolicywasnodifferentfromthatofPresidentRooseveltand
PresidentTaft.(B)Wilson'spolicywasmoralinnaturebaseduponhisincreasedawareness
oftheriseofLatinAmericandictators.(C)Wilson'spolicycultivatedfriendshipand
confidenceamongLatinAmericannations.(D)Wilson'spolicywastousediplomacy
C
31.TheodoreRoosevelt/bigbusiness
HeintroducedtheRooseveltCorollarytotheMonroeDoctrine.ThisstatedthattheU.S.can
interveneintheaffairsofLatinAmericanCountriesifweseetheyaregoverningtheir
countryimproperly.ThemostprominentuseoftheRooseveltCorollarycamewhenT.R.
helpedPanamagetsitsindependencefromColumbia.ThisenabledtheUnitedStatesto
buildthePanamaCanal,whichshortenedthetripfromtheeastcoasttothewestcoastby
nearlytwomonths.Ashestated,Itookthecanal.Progressivism,orthebeliefthat
governmentshouldhelpfixsocietysproblems,wasaperiodfrom18891914.Thereare
manydifferenttypesofreformsthatprogressiveswantedtoemploy.Theyrangedfroma
moreefficientandlesscorruptgovernment,toimprovingconditionsforimmigrants,food
safety,childlaborlaws,andregulatingbigbusinesstocompetefairly.Leadingthe
ProgressiveMovementwasagroupofcrusadingjournalistsknownasmuckrakers.These
journalistsuncoveredsocietalproblemsandexposedthecorruptanddirtysideofsociety.

32.SocialistPartyofAmerica19001918/whatitadvocated/latermajorparties
WhichofthefollowingwastrueoftheSocialistPartyofAmericaduringtheperiod
19001918?(A)Itadvocatedreformswhichinmanyinstancesweresubsequentlyespoused
bythetwomajorparties.(B)Itgavewomenandblackspositionsofprimaryresponsibilityin
thenationalpartyleadership.(C)ItinducedtheAmericanFederationofLabortopursuea
policyofindustrialunionism.(D)ItsupportedunanimouslytheentryoftheUnitedStates
intotheFirstWorldWar.(E)Itledthefightfortheadoptionoftheprohibitionamendment
insuchcitiesasMilwaukeeandSt.Louis.
A
33.WomensvotingrightspriortoratificationoftheNineteenthAmendment/Westernstates
Womenhadlittletonorightsconcerninganything.Theyfoughtlongandhardtohavethe
righttovotebygoingonstrikesandformingdifferentorganizationstoraiseawareness
ProgressiveErabroughtattentiontothisproblem
34.Farmerscomplaintsattheclosingdecadesofthenineteenthcentury/interestcharges,freight
rates,storagecosts
farmerswereoverchargedtoshiptheircropstomarket
Inthe1870s1880smanyfarmerswereinsomuchdebtbecauserailroadchargeswere
becominggreaterwithmonopoliesgrowing,andcostsweregoingthroughtheroof.Whena
farmergotaheadofpaymentstherewouldbeadroughtorbadyearofcropsandthey
wouldfallbackbehindagaininpayingthebanks.
TheGrangewasthefirstfarmerresistance
AgricultureWheel
FarmersAllianceformed(large)wherefarmersdemandedrightsandevetually
turnedintothepopulistparty
35.TheRooseveltCorollary/MonroeDoctrine
HeintroducedtheRooseveltCorollarytotheMonroeDoctrine.ThisstatedthattheU.S.can
interveneintheaffairsofLatinAmericanCountriesifweseetheyaregoverningtheir
countryimproperly.ThemostprominentuseoftheRooseveltCorollarycamewhenT.R.
helpedPanamagetsitsindependencefromColumbia.ThisenabledtheUnitedStatesto

buildthePanamaCanal,whichshortenedthetripfromtheeastcoasttothewestcoastby
nearlytwomonths.Ashestated,Itookthecanal.

36.TheAmericanFederationofLabor/SamuelGompers/skilledworkers
Outragedworkersbegantoorganizeintounionstoincreasetheirrightsandbenefitsat
work.[Exampleswere:NationalLaborUnion,KnightsofLabor,&AFofL.Thebig
businessmenviolentlycrushedanylabormovementbecausetheydidntwanttopay
workersmoreduetothefactthatitwouldcutintotheirprofits.Anystrikebylaborwould
bebrokenupbynightstickwieldingpolicemenwhowereusuallypaidbythebusinessmen.
Thenewspapersdidnthelptheunionsbypaintingthestrikersassocialistsandanarchists,
bentondestroyingsociety.OneofthemostsuccessfulunionswastheAmericanFederation
ofLaborortheAFL.Itwascomposedofskilledworkerswhocouldntbeeasilyreplacedby
scablabor.Theypushedfortangiblebenefitssuchasshorterworkhoursandbetterpay.

37.DawesAct/divisionofthetriballands
ThecongresspassedtheDawesActin1887whichtriedtowhitenuptheNatives.Thispolicy,
knownasassimilation,wouldremainofficialgovernmentpolicyuntilthe1930s.Amongthe
variousgroupsofwesternsettlerswerecowboys.Theyherdedthousandsofcattleatatime
torailroadheads.Thisopenrangetimeendedwiththeintroductionofbarbedwirein1874.
38.
TheGospelofWealth
BookthatAndrewCarnegiewroteabouthowtoacquirewealthandwhathedidtobecome
whohedid
39.Thesewingmachine/massmanufacturingofclothing

40.HelenHuntJackson's"ACenturyofDishonor"
41.ShermanAntitrustActof1890/effectivenessonlargecorporations
42.Nativistsentimentsagainstthe"newimmigrants"ofthelatenineteenthcentury
43.UStragediesinthePhilippines
ThePhilippinesbeganaguerillawaragainsttheUnitedStatesthattookmorelivesthanthe
war.ThePhilippinesweregiventheirindependencein1946