Professional Documents
Culture Documents
29-43, 1994
Printed in Great Britain
INTRODUCTION
PRE-EOCENE melange complexes, chaotic mixtures of
various kinds of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic
rocks, are distributed in the western and central parts of
Java Island (Ketner et aL 1976, Hehuwat 1986) (Fig. l).
Among them, the Luk-Ulo Melange Complex (Asikin
1974) of the Karangsambung area, central Java, has
been best investigated, but its detailed age remains
unknown.
Ketner et al. (1976) reported the late Early Cretaceous
foraminifer Orbitolina from limestone in the Luk-Ulo
Melange Complex, and showed that the K-Ar age of
schist is late Early Cretaceous, and that the average
fission track age of a quartz porphyry is latest Cretaceous or earliest Paleocene. These rocks occur as blocks
in the melange complex. No fossils have been obtained
from the clastic rocks of the complex.
The authors collected 91 samples of shale, chert,
limestone and tuff for radiolarian extraction from the
Luk-Ulo Melange Complex, and obtained diagnostic
radiolarians from 21 samples of shale and chert. The
purpose of this report is to discuss the age of sedimentation of the argillaceous and siliceous rocks on the basis
of radiolarian data, and to infer the age of mixing
of these sedimentary rocks with other rock types in
the Luk-Ulo Melange Complex in the Karangsambung
area.
RADIOLARIA
GEOLOGIC SETTING
The Karangsambung area is underlain not only by the
Luk-Ulo Melange Complex but also by Eocene to
Miocene volcanic and clastic rocks. The Tertiary sequence is gently folded with an E-W trending vertical
axial plane, and is divided into the Karangsambung,
Totogan, Waturanda, Penosogan and Halang formations in ascending order (Fig. 2).
SEAES9~,.2--~
Loning River
30
K. WAKITA et al.
KALM
I ANTAN1
o
JAVA
,qP
Bayat
0
i
100
I
200
i
300 km
I
Fig. 1. Map showing (black) the distribution of pre-Eocene melange complexes in Java Island and Kalimantan.
contains Sethocapsa (?) sp. indicating an Early Cretaceous age, while sample R55444 yields Archeodictyomitra spp., and Dictyomitra koslovae Foreman which
indicates a Late Cretaceous age.
Muncar River
Basaltic conglomerate (Wakita et al. 1991), pebbly
shale, shale, sandstone, chert, chert interbedded with
Fig. 2. Geologic map of the Karangsambung area. 1: Luk-Ulo Melange Complex, 2: ophiolite complex, 3: diabase (Tertiary),
4- Karangsambung Formation, 5: Totogan Formation, 6: Waturanda Formation, K: Karangsambung Campus of R.D.C.G.
for geological training.
Curug d yl/
-~r . . ~ = .
~iver
Sigoban
Melipitan~
"
L.,W@~I
kwatubarut
/l ~
/
~
. -Lokidang River
,1~ - ~ %
.....~ Wagir - ~ - R 5 5 4 7 4 t ~ l ~
'
Sambeng ~ k ~
Munc~River )
h
~
R55455-~ / . 2 /
R55456
R55449
31
Seb..}'-;-,'~
/
~"'~( //
II
Y
/
/ Sedan,
/__ Wet,
~,
2kin
~
Luk U10 River
Nature Laboratory
For Geology
01.
'
Sigoban
Lokidang
In the Lokidang area coarse-grained clastic rocks are
associated with shale (Fig. 8d). Four shale samples
(R55462, R55467, R55468, R55469) yielded radiolarians. Two samples (R55468, R55469) are from greenish
grey shale which grades into red shale, while the others
(R55467, R55462) are from dark grey shale with thin
interbeds of sandstone. Three samples R55467, R55468
and R55469 dominantly contain Archaeodictyomitra
including Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno and A.
sp. cf. A. vulgalis Pessagno associated with Thanarla
praeveneta Pessagno. Sample R55462 yields Dictyomitra
formosa Squinabol and D. (?) sp. A of Teraoka and
Kurimoto (1986). The former three samples are of
middle Cretaceous age, while the latter sample is of early
Late Cretaceous.
Medana River
Binangun
Two samples of chert at Bina.~gun, west of Karansambung campus yielded radiolarians (Fig. 3). Light greenA black siliceous rock, that is, chert to siliceous ish grey bedded chert (R55472) crops out south of
shale, is exposed just north of the ophiolite sequence at Binangun along the Cacaban River, and yielded wellMelipitan along the Medana River (Fig. 3). The lower preserved Late Cretaceous radiolarians including D.
part of the siliceous rock looks cherty, and its upper part formosa Squinabol, D. koslovae Foreman, T. urna (Foreis siliceous shale, including more terrigenous materials. man), T. salillum Foreman, and Praeconocaryomma
The lower part (R55517) yields well-preserved radio- universa Pessagno.
larians including Theocampe urna (Foreman), DiaReddish brown bedded chert is exposed north of
canthocapsa sp., Acaeniotyle sp. aft. A. umbilicata (Rfist) Binangun along the Luk Ulo River. A chert sample
32
K. WAKITA et al.
Cacaban River
Along the Cacaban River, are exposed various types
of rocks, that is, pebbly shale, turbidite, massive to
thick-bedded sandstone, broken formation, red shale,
laminated shale, chert, reddish brown chert alternated
with light grey limestone, pillow basalt, rhyolite and
schist (Fig. 9). Reddish brown bedded chert (R55522)
contains Archaeodictyomitra sp. and Praeconocaryomma
sp. Grey laminated tuffaceous shale (R55503) yielded
Archaeodictyomitra spp., Dictyomitra sp., Amphipyndax
sp., Williriedellum (?) sp. and Pseudodietyomitra (?) sp.
Reddish brown-pale grey shale (R55526) yielded wellpreserved Late Cretaceous radiolarians such as D. formosa Squinabol, D. koslovae Foreman, S. communis
Squinabol, Amphipyndax (?) conicus Nakaseko and
Nishimura, T. urna (Foreman), T. salillum Foreman,
Pseudoaulophacus sp. cf. P. pargueraensis Pessagno,
Pseudoaulophaeus sp. cf. P. lenticulatus (White) and
Cryptamphorella macropora Dumitrica. Radiolarians in
reddish brown shale (R55521) were poorly preserved,
but include Dictyomitra sp. cf. D. formosa.
RADIOLARIAN ASSEMBLAGE
Fig. 4. Early Cretaceous radiolarians of assemblage I (1-5) and middle Cretaceous radiolarians of assemblage II (6-20)
A, B or C: scale bar (0.1 mm), (R . . . . . . ): sample number.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I0.
I1.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
P. capatica (Lozynyak)
Novixitus sp.
P. leptoconica (Foreman)
Alievium sp.
Praeconocarvomma (?) sp.
A rchaeodict vomitra sp.
A rchaeodict vomitra sp. cf. A. vulgaris Pessagno
Archaeodictvomitra sp.
Archaeodictvomitra sp.
A rchaeodict yomitra sp.
Archaeodict~omitra sp. cf. A. apiarum (Riist)
Archaeodictyomitra sp. cf. A. pseudoscalaris (Tan Sin Hok)
A rchaeodict vomitra sp.
Amphipyndax sp.
C. conara (Foreman)
Pseudodictyornitra (?) sp.
Nassellaria, gen. and sp. indet.
Acaeniotyle sp.
Williriedellum (?) sp.
C. sphaerica (White)
C (R55455)
B (R55455)
B (R55455)
B (R55455)
B (R55455)
B (R55467)
A (R55467)
A (R55467)
A (R55467)
A (R55467)
A (R55467)
C (R55467)
B (R55503)
A (R55503)
A (R55456)
B (R55503)
B (R55456)
B (R55456)
A (R55503)
A (R55474)
Fig. 5. Early Late Cretaceous radiolarians of assemblage III A, B or C: scale bar (0.1 mm), ( R - I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I0.
I 1.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
D. jbrmosa Squinabol
D. formosa Squinabol
D. formosa Squinabol
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
Archaeodictyomitra sp. cf. A. apiarum (Riist)
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
Stichomitra sp.
Theocampe sp.
Nassellaria, gen. and sp. indet.
Nassellaria, gen. and sp. indet.
Praeconocaryomma sp.
Praeconocaryomma sp.
C. sphaerica (White)
Cryptamphorella sp.
B (R55515)
C (R55515)
B (R55462)
A (R55462)
C (R55515)
A (R55462)
A (R55462)
A (R55462)
A (R55462)
A (R55462)
B (R55515)
A (R55515)
A (R55515)
A (R55515)
B (R55515)
B (R55515)
A (R55515)
A (R55515)
): sample number.
C~
C~
C~
~D
7~
:D
-7,
:Io
-]
7~
~
AJ
r
~
JI
,-]
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
D. formosa Squinabol
D. formosa Squinabol
D. formosa Squinabol
D. koslovae Foreman
D. koslovae Foreman
Nassellaria, gen. and sp.
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
Novixitus sp.
T. urna (Foreman)
T. urna (Foreman)
T. salillum (Foreman)
Stichomitra (?) sp.
Amphipyndax (?) conicus
Cryptamphorella sp.
C. macropora Dumitrica
P. universa Pessagno
Praeoconocaryomma sp.
Alievium sp.
Alievium sp.
Crucella sp.
Pseudoaulophacus sp. cf.
Pseudoaulophacus sp. cf.
37
indet.
P. pargueraensis Pessagno
P. lenticulatus (White)
): sample number.
C (R55526)
C (R55508)
B (R55508)
B (R55472)
B (R55526)
D (R55472)
B (R55472)
B (R55526)
A (R55472)
A (R55472)
A (R55472)
B (R55526)
B (R55526)
A (R55526)
A (R55508)
B (R55472)
C (R55472)
C (R55526)
B (R55472)
C (R55526)
C (R55526)
C (R55526)
Fig. 7. Latest Cretaceous radiolarians of Assemblage V (sample: R55517) A, B or C: scale bar (0.1 ram).
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Archaeodictyomitra sp,
Archaeodictyomitra sp.
D. multicostata Zittel
D. multicostata Zittel
D. multicostata Zittel
Pseudodictyomitra sp.
Parvicinglula (?) sp.
S. communis Squinabol
Stichomitra sp.
Stichomitra sp.
Stichomitra sp.
Xitus sp.
Nassellaria, gen. and sp. indet.
Novodiacanthocapsa sp.
Diacanthocapsa sp.
Nassellaria, gen. and sp. indet.
Nassellaria, gen. and sp. indet.
Viturfos sp.
Pantanellium sp.
Theocampe sp. cf. T. urna (Foreman)
T. urna (Foreman)
Theocampe sp.
Theocampe sp.
Acanthocirus sp.
Acaeniotyle sp. aft. A. umbilicata (Riist)
Acaeniotyle sp.
Acaeniotyle sp.
Archeospongoprunum sp. aft. A. bipartitum Pessagno
Crucella sp.
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
C
B
~.~ ~ ~, ~
~~~~~~~
~.~.~
.... ~.~
, ~'~ ~ = ~'~" . . . .
=_-,
' ~ ' ~~ ~ ~ ~
~.,~._~ ~ . ~ .
~'~ ~ ~ ~'~'~ ~. ~.,~ ~ ~'~
~ ~ ~
.~
~'~,.,
.~
~-~-,~
~
~,~.~
~ ' ~,.~ ~~
~.
-~ ~
~,~,=
.~
"~~ o
~-'~. ~
~-~
...~.
~
,~
~
~
' ~
,=,"~
.~ u ~
~ ~TM o'~.
, ~ . ~ : . . ~ . ~
~ =
~~o
.""~
~.~
~.~
.,-~.,~
~ ~ ' ~
~.
~'~
~ ~,.
_-~
o
OO
R55455
R55474
R55484
~u
O O O
R55468
R55469
e~
R55503
0
O
OO
OO
R55467
R55456
O
@
OO
OO
O O O
OO
OO
OO
O O O
I v Id v ~ I ~ V A ~
"~I
8~
II
i
II
t
II
s
III
c
III
s
IV
c
0
0
IV
r
0
0
IV
i
IV
b
IV
s
V
c
0
0
0
0
0
?
c
.9
r
?
r
?
f
*: cf.
Rock type--a: alternating beds of chert and limestone, c: bedded chert, i: siliceous shale, r: reddish brown shale, t: laminated tuffaceous shale, s: shale with thin interbeds o f sandstone,
f: a fragment of shale in pebbly shale.
II
i
II
i
II
c
II
a
I
c
Assemblage
R o c k type o f s a m p l e
Spongocapsula sp.
S. communis S q u i n a b o l
Stichomitra spp.
Thanarla praeveneta P e s s a g n o
T. salillum F o r e m a n
T. urna ( F o r e m a n )
Theocampe spp.
Vitorfus sp.
Williriedellum sp.
Williriedellum (?) sp.
Xitus spp.
Table l--Continued
'D
~o
40
K.WAKITA
et al.
iii
IS]
LEGEND
I ~cg
13 ~ p b
3~h
t~bc
4 ~shs
16 ~ t f
R5544;
i':
s~
"
F,pb
30
sch %
17 ~ r h y
5 [~sh
~ F
"~ rmF
sch
5OO
sch
400
~ q sch
~'sh
sch
&am
21 L ~ & a r n
9 ~Jn
"
'bC
300
pb
10 ~ c '
22 ~ b r s
2O0
11 ~ , S
23 ~
100
12 ~ p i I
24
-~
25
~ - -
:: "SS
pb~
brs
- ~ R55449
0
F
sh
100 m
80
bc
6O
40.
20-
Sigobang
p-i
~r . b c
sh~..
/J
"L
\~.~
--. .-.......-.
..
?q
/ s
"7
....
g2"" tf
ss:
" f
!?.~>
!"con *Mt.SITUMBU
sh
~,."
.!
..~"
_.
R55515
.?"
i"
F
0
I
500m
i
Fig. 8. Route maps along the Loning River (A), the Muncar River (B) and the Curugdayu River (C), and in the Lokidang
area (D). h conglomerate, 2: sandstone, 3: alternating beds of sandstone and shale, 4: shale with thin interbeds of sandstone,
5: shale, 6: reddish brown shale, 7: laminated tuffaceous shale, 8: siliceous shale, 9: chert, 10: alternating beds of chert and
limestone, I1: limestone, 12: pillow lava, 13: pebbly shale, 14: broken formation, 15: basaltic conglomerate, 16: tuff, 17:
rhyolite, 18: fault zone, 19: ophiolite, 20: schist, 21: schist with amphibolite lens, 22: brecciated schist, 23: Totogan
Formation, 24: locality of samples yielding radiolarians, 25: fault.
41
.4
0
1
05
--
1 krn
B
...shS
..:] s.s
#
~:2ch
\
?/.~"
m~
~,
R55526
"
.. ( F
pq
.,s.~
:'"' .....
sS
s
s~
,,~,rs / s..~s
Cgbf
-.:a~
Fig. 9. Route map along the Cacaban River. For explanations see Fig. 8.
DISCUSSION
The age of sedimentary rocks of the Luk-Ulo Melange
Complex are inferred from the radiolarians in this
report. Chert samples (R55517, R55455, R55484,
R55474, R55515, R55472, R55522) range in age
from Early Cretaceous to latest Cretaceous (Late
Campanian-Maastrichtian). The siliceous shale sample
(R55510) is of Late Cretaceous (Campanian). Samples
of greenish grey and reddish brown shale (R55468,
R55469, R55526, R55444, R55508) range in age from
middle Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous (Campanian).
Grey tuffaceous shale (R55503) yields middle Cretaceous
radiolarians. The dark grey shale samples (R55467,
R55456, R55462) associated with thin interbeds of sandstone range in age from middle Cretaceous to Late
Cretaceous.
These age data of melange components can reconstruct the original successions before they were disrupted
and incorporated in the melange. As the Luk-Ulo
Melange Complex is an assemblage of tectonic slices, the
protolith of the melange may be reconstructed in each
tectonic slice or in several slices associated with each
other in the field. The reconstructed successions in
different localities are shown in Fig. 10. Judging from the
relation between age and lithology, the completely reconstructed succession of the Luk-Ulo Melange Complex is composed of pillow lava, chert interbedded with
limestone, bedded chert, hemipelagic shale, and terrigenous shale and sandstone in ascending order. The
hemipelagic shale includes siliceous shale, tuffaceous
shale and greenish to reddish brown shale. Similar
sequences are reconstructed by radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Jurassic accretionary melange complex in
Japan (Wakita 1988, Matsuda and Isozaki 1991).
The upward lithologic change from chert interbedded
with limestone to hemipelagic shale through bedded
chert suggests subsidence and the gradual approach of
42
K. WAK]TA et al.
Muncar
Lokidan
Cacaban
Sigoban
Loning
Binangun Medana
iiiii iiiiii
~sh~
::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::::::::::::::::::
r.-..........,v:.-.-.-.-......:..
:::::::::::::::.~.!.::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::::::::::::::::::
/
:::::::::::::::::::::
Fig. 10. Reconstructed successions in the Luk-Ulo Melange Complex. The successions become younger toward the right
hand, suggesting younger accretion. The samples at Binangun seem to be derived from two different successions, sh: shale
interbedded with sandstone, rs: reddish brown shale and greenish grey shale, tf: tuffaceous shale, sil: siliceous shale, ch:
chert, cl: alternating beds of chert and limestone.
REFERENCES
Asikin, S. 1974. The geological evolution of central Java and vicinity
in the light of the new-global tectonics. Ph.D. thesis, Bandung
Institute of Technology (in Indonesian with English abstract).
Empson-Morin, K. M. 1981. Campanian Radiolaria from DSDP Site
313, Mid-Pacific Mountains. Micropaleontology 27, 249-292.
Hamilton, W. 1979. Tectonics of the Indonesian region. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1078.
Hehuwat, F. H. A. 1986. An overview of some Indonesian melange
complexes--a contribution to the geology of melange. Mere. Geol.
Soc. China 7, 283-300.
Ketner, K. B., Kastowo, Modjo, S., Naeser, C. W., Obradovich, J. D.,
Robinson, K., Suptandar, T. and Wikarno 1976. Pre-Eocene rocks
of Java, Indonesia. J. Res. U.S. Geol. Surv. 4, 605--614.
Matsuda, T. and Isozaki, Y. 1991. Well-documented travel history of
Mesozoic Pelagic chert in Japan: from remote ocean to subduction
zone. Tectonics 10, 475-499.
Natori, H., Kadar, D., Sudiyono, Siregar, P. and Hasibuan, F. 1978,
Foraminifera from Central Jawa. In: Gravity and Geological Studies
in Jawa, Indonesia (Edited by Untong, M. and Sato, Y.), Special
Publication, 6, 89-101. Geological Survey of Indonesia and Geological Survey of Japan. A Joint Research Program on Regional
Tectonics of Southeast Asia Institute for Transfer of Industrial
Technology Project.
43