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TWt]:mYat]:
1.
2.
3.
4.

(4) yUic]:
sUiw].sat]:"
wan]:mUic];"
PL,SL,"
SL,SnL,"

epL,lSI, (6) eKL:

1. lWc]:PWm].hBm]:sUiw].sat]:"
2. lWt]:lqw];kWn];eKL"
3. tI,mUw],Ker,SI,"
4. pUk];pWc]PwkUn];mUic];"
5. San]Kt];yL:mw];km]"
6. lWc]:kt];yQn]"

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1/17/2012 10:09:51 AM

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!sUiw].sat]:suic]:t};@ pQn]sUiw].sat]: kuik];Pqn],lin]suic]:t};mL; Aan],hUw]hQc]
pI<nn].yw]."
!mUic];suic]:t};@ pQn]mUic];sw]:fL.pUk];pWc]mL;pan]Suip],pan]Aan],hBw]hQc]pI<yw]."
Am],l}:him]Aw]tI:PC]mL;" tuin];pQn]mUic];t};yw]."
1885 Aic;] klQt:] Sim;] l}:ehLKm];man]:" 1.Jan.1886 pun
i P
] aw],Sim;] l}:mUci ;] man]:
tc];mUt];yw]."
- Jan,1887 Aic];klQt]:Et,Kuin]:mUic];t};" 1890 mk];mn]: mUic];t};pQn]tC]:Kw]
pUk];pWc]PWc];cm];yU,yw]."
- September,1939 Suki ;] lum:] fL.pWk:] SWcE] t," October, 1942 kYpan],Pqwm] ciU ;]
t};El: hgc].wL: !pan]kYpan],@ n}yw]."
- August, 1945 kYpan],TW}mUiw];Kuin];" luin];nn].Aic];klQt]:Aup].pUic],Kuin];"
- October, 1945 sw]:fL.hBp.] kn] tI:sL,pnnac];fL.mUci ;] pWn] Aup,] lgc:] et
pUk];pWc]mUic];t};" tUk];lUc];kum]kn]tI: !mUic];kuic]@"
- 31,Jan,1946 sw]:fL.hQt];pac]kum]tI: !mUic];kuic]@" tUk];lUc];
1. etKWt],PWt]:KWc],SI,sw]:fL. Aup].pUic],mUic];t};"
2. ethQt];pac]kum]tI:pac]lUc] mUiw]: March, 1946 "
3. etmWk],pac]; PU:AWn]hBw] Kac]' KYac];' Kuin]:hgt]:pac]kum]"
- March, 1946 hQt];pac]kum]tI:pac]lUc]" PU:AWn]hBw]Kac]' KYac];Kuin]:hgt]:"
t};' Kac]' KYac]; tUk];lUc];kn]wL:"
- 1947 ethQt];pac]kum]tI:pac]lUc]" ethBm]:kn]KWt],PWt]: !Kgc],SI,Sn]l}g
PWm].hBm]:@ An]PU:tac]tUw]Kw]:pL; (6) ekL.nc], kn]"
- sw]:fL.tUk];lUc];KWt],PWt]: !KWc],SI,sw]:fL.@ "
- 3rd February, 1947 Et,pac]kum]tI:pac]lUc]yU,yw]."
- 4th February sw]:fL.tW,} Sa}lmU ;] sU; KunA
] ci ;] klQt:] lWc:] etKWt,] Pgt:]
!KWc],SI,suic]:t};@ An]sw]:fL.El: kUn];mUic;] Kw]:Kuic]:kn]nn]. mUiw]:
15th February, 1947 "
- 5th-6th February, 1947 sw]:fL.El: PU:AWn]hBw]Kac]kum]kn]"
- 6th February, 1947 (wa};wn];) PU:AWn]hBw]KYac];Pqw]hgt]:pac]lUc]"

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Aic;] klQt:] tWp,] Kun

i ;] Sa}lmU ;] sw]:fL.wL: tL,etAw]kn
U ;] mUci ;] SC,] pL;nC;]
!KWc],SI,suic]:t};@nn].Tuk],lIwUn].Tqc]:yU,"
7th February , 1947 Sa}lUm];Pqw]tI:sw]:fL.eS r.p.l Kw]wL: Am], tap]:
kUw]Aic];klQt]:" lUw],ht];hQt];An]KC]: hQt];n}eS kac]Km]: 07;00
mUc;] PU:AWn]hBw]mUic];t};kum]kn]eS
KWt],PWt]: !KWc],SI,suic]:t};@ (Shan State Council)" nC];sw]:fL. (7)sw]:
El:kUn];mUic]; (7) ekL.Kw]:pL;" ethBm]:kn] Aup].pUic], AWn]hUw]mUic];t};kCL,"
mk];mn]:sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]:suic]:t}; (lUic]' KQw]' lqc]El: wUc];lUin]yU,kac])
An]sC].yU,yam];lQw]"
mk];mn]:kCam];tac],sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]: (KUiw];hw];KUiw];rL,sL>)"
8th February, 1947 kac]Km]: (06:00) mUc;] sc], !AWc,] San];@ Pqwp] ac]lcU E] l:
mUic];hBm]:tum]nn]. t};ekL.Et,tc]:mL;yw]."

7th February n}.

- pQn]wn];PU:AWn]hBw]mUic];t};sw]:fL.El:kUn];mUic];PWm].l}:sC]kn] Aan];
hBm]:Kt];sC]pUn].lWt]:tC]:pUin]:" ethBm]:kn]pkU ];pWc]wan]:mUic];"
- pQn]wn];An]sw]:fL.Kw] Aw]mUic];lQk].Sac]:hBm]:mUic]; lUc]"
- pQn]wn];yuic]:yC],Kuik].liuk].lUc]tL,sUiw].sat]:suic]:t};tc];SQc]:"
yWn].nn]
- kuic],lIAWn]kn] Kuk];KUn].' wUn].SWn],' hQt];Sac]: sWm];nc], PU:AWn]hBw]
sUiw].sat]:suic]:t};mUiw];nn]. Kp];Kuic]hQt];Sac]:w}.pn] mL;nn].Kuin];"
- 7th February kU:pI< kuic],lIpUk]; sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]:suic]:t};An] pQn]
cw]:pUic]lUc]lWc]:PWm].hBm]:nn].w}. kU:wQc];' kU:pWk].' kU:hBin];' kU:tI:yU,"

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eKL:Aup],kum] Kac]' KYac];' t}; El:sWm]Suik];AWc],San]; mUiw]:wn];Ti
11/02/1947 yam];kac]n]C 09;00 mUc;] " sWm;] lUv:] Pun
i l
] ki :] An]kn
U ;] Sn]l}W
Kw]tuk];yWn];mL;nn]. sWm]Suik];AWc],San]; hQt];pac]kum] tc];PU:Agn]hUw]t};'
Kac]' KYac];eS tUk];lUc];pn]sWm];mL; nc],eKL:Pa}, tC]:n}.yU,yw]."
1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

hG]:l}:pQn]kan]tL,sUiw].KUiw];PWm].hBm]:kn]El:
etAw]AUic],lC]SC],
pL;n} p},mk];mn]:eS sWm];lUv]:mU,pUic]nn]. etPWm].sWm];pn]lWc]:
mk];mn]:mUic];Kac]yU,"
tWn]:tL, etPat],AWk],Kuin];n}nn].ekL: epL;Tuic]pac]kum]tuit].sn]
pUci p] ciu ;] suci :] mUci ;] mL; sWm;] nc], kac]sk]C n
U ;] mUci ;] Sn]lK}W w]tpq ;] tt];nn].
etl}:mI;Sun],sWm];kac]sC]kUn];Sn]lW}l}:yU," epL;Tuic]pac]kum]mUn].
Em;pUk];pWc]suic]:mUic];mL; sc],kW}:Kuin];Aup],kum]lWc]:n}.Tqc]:"
sWm];lUv]:An]hw];ethBm]:hgm];kn]sUw]:kqp]. sUw]:p},l}:lWt]:lqw];
n}. etAm],pn]hG]:tum].tUiw]. tL,Pat],AWk],El: hBm]:hgm];kCL,mUiw];
nL:nn].nc],kw],"
Sc]sUic].wL:hBm]:hgm];mUiw]:lQw]eS wa};n}.mL;KC]:Pat],AWk],Kuin]; n}ekL:
et l}:Pat],AWk],yU,"
Sc]sUiw].wL: tI:pac]kum]mUn].Em;pUk];pWc]suic]:mUic];nn]. tqp];tt];lWc]:
mUiw]:lQw] Am],KC]:hBm]:hgm];eStL. wa};luin];mL;Kuin];KC]:hG]: hBm]: hgm];n}
ekL: mUiw]:lC]eSAm],wL: ethp].lWc]:hBm]:hgm];yU,tL,eS,"
Sc]wL:hBm:] hgm;] ekL: sWm;] lUv:] mU,pUci t
] ,I mUw,] Ker,SI,eSetl}: mI;Sun,]
l}:Sun],pQn] sn].Tan]:PQc],pQc];kn]tc];man]:yU,kU:lWc]:lWc]:"
tWn:] tL,Aup.] pUci ,] mUci ;] t};n}. tun
i ;] etAm],Kw]:sim] yL.kw]; sgm;] lgc:]
Sc]' etl}:mI;lWc]:Tac],hac]:hc];eKLyU,"
lik]:la};fic]:Tuc]; kCam];lat]:t};El: Aik],lUv]:kU:saw]; KUiw];nn].
etAm],pn]hG]:l}:mI;lWc]:lUla}ham]:tt];"
cuin];sC].sa},tWn]:tL,mUic];PC]mn];nn].ekL: mUic];Sn]lW}Kw]ethG]:l}:
lUiw]tWn];mL;eSpan]Aic];klQt]:"

pac]kum]wn];TI. 11/02/1947 n}. pQn]pac]kum]An]Aup],kum] kn]lUc].lUc].lqc];

lqc];eS epL;wL:l}:eKL:tUk];lUc];tI:sWm]Suik]; AWc],San];yw].ekL: AWn]
kn]PWm].sWm]; tL,ettUk];lUc];sWm]; lik]:hBm]:ma}pac]lUc]nn].yU,yw]."

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uGmrf:zmuf,wgef;

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cgyf;clyf, 65 yD<

wn];sUwi .] sat]:suci :] t}; l}:ekL,Sac]:kan]PmW .] hBm:] suci :] t};

tL,Aw]mciU ;] t};kWn;] eKL KWp:] KUp,] 65 pI< tQm] mUci ;] hUm:] tum]
tumm] ciU ;] man]: l}:lWt:] lqw;] kWn;] eKLmL; KWp:] KUp,] 64pI<tQm]
epL;Am],mI;wn];PWm.] hBm:] sUwi .] sat]: suci :] t}; mUwi :] 1947
ekL: Am],mI;wn];lWt:] lqw;] kWn;] eKL mUci ;] hBm:] tumm] ciU ;] man]:n}
nn]. PCA
] m],TQcl
] :} ' mUci ;] hBm:] tumm] ciU ;] man]:KWp:] KUp,] 64 pI<
kUn;] mUci ;] t};ekL: mUn
i l
] :} yU,nC;] KWk:] lp];Sic,] mL; 64 pI< kUn;]
mUci ;] t}; Am],mI;Sun,] tL,etpUk;] pWcs
] wiU .] sat]: wan]:mUci ;] mL;
Sc] Suki ;] man]:Kw]Aw]tp].Suki ;] Kw]mL; pk];Sw];mUci ;] t}; sC.]
kinh] cq ;] l}a lUla} kn].sn]mL;nUwi ] kUn;] mUci ;] t};kUv;] p},epL;
kUn];kU:saw];KUiw]; mUic];hBm]:tumm] Uic];man]:kU: saw];KUiw];ekL:
Tuk,] ep.kinl
] l
U a} Aw]ta} mL;tc];nm] tac];l}aEl: kUn;] mUci ;]
Tuk,] ham];kan]' l}:K}a.p}a:Kw]: mUci ;] T};pQnP
] cu p] n
Q k] n
Q ] np].hUw]
mun
i ,] hBwS
] n
q '] Suki ;] man]:pUn.] pqnS
] n
u ,] l}:kUn;] kUv;] p},epL;
Suki ;] man]:mI; PqnK] L:lac].PQw.] mUv.] saw];KUwi ;] kUn;] mUci ;] t};n}

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ekL:wL:l}:yU,nn].yw].' yWn].mI;lWc]:tQk];tQc]El:
sc],mI;sum]; yip];kWc]:kac],luk].Puin]. nC];mUic];hBm]:tum]
mUci ;] man]: epL;tQmm] ciU ;] w}. saw];KUwi ;] An]Am],yip;] kWc:] luk.]
Pun
i .] nn]. Am],KC:] mI;saw];KUwi ;] lCy
] w]." An]Skiu ;] man]:Kw]
Sim;] AL,nL,lUcp] cW s
] ciu :] sw]:SUv,] tqk:] eS Aw]AL,nL,
Suik];kum];km]mUic];mL; 60 pI<n}. wan]:mUic];t}; kUn];mUic];
t};l}:t}atc];nm]' wan]:ham]; fic:] Tuc;] t};h}a sUwi .] sat]:
t};tUk];tqm],mL;tc];nm]nn]. kUn];mUic];hw];ekL: tLhn]
tUw]TUp];mL;tac];nm]' man]:Aup].pUic],mUic]; mL; 64pI<p}a
PWn];lI PWn];sL.mI;Sc] kuic],lIAw]pQn]tgn]:Sgn]wn];
Kaw];tac];nL: pn]luk]:lan]hw];KL:yU,"
Aicn
] wiU S
] kiu ;] man]:Am],JtL;eS sUwi .] sat]:t}; hw];kU:saw];
KUwi ;] nC;] mUci ;] t};kUv;] Am],kL; saw];KUwi ;] An]y,U nC;] mUci ;] hUm:]
tum]mUic];man]:El: kU:saw];KUiw];sc],AWn]kn]yip];kgc]:eS
kn] yip;] kWc:] eSetL,SU:luk.] Pun
i .] tuki ;] etL;Suki ;] man]:
mL;' An]ypi ;] kWc:] kac],n}. yWn.] hLtac];Ek:K} tac];lImn];
Sut;] tUki :] yw].El: sc],l}:yip;] kWc:] kqt,] EKsUwi .] KUwi ;] hw];
nn].yw].' kUv];kL:Kaw];tac];luk].Puin]. 53pI< (kUn];
mUic];t}; Et,yip];kgc]:kac],luk].Puin].mL; mUiw]:pI< 1958)
n}.km];nuci :] Aup,] kn]km];nuci :] tuki ;] kn]Kn
iu ;] hQt;] n} mL;l}a
pan]yw].' An]Apu ,] kn]eS Kun
i ;] tuki ;] kn]Kn
iu ;] sUwi ;] nn].
yWn.] Suki ;] man]:Kw] Am],Suwi :] yUw;] ' sC.] lWk;] l}a;AUmA
] n
iu ]
l}a;AUn]:l}a;kYam];tac]; 2An]El: kan]tuik];yuiw];kn]
sc],Kaw];yaw];eS wan]: mUci ;] tUk;] tqm,] mL;etL,yam];lQw]
n}.KL:yw].' yWn].Suik];man]:Kw] sC]yC],KC]:AUm]Auin]pqt]:
Pqn,] linm] ciU ;] t}; nn].El: kan]etL,SU:tuki ;] Pn];kn]
ekL: Am],yQn]w}a;nn]. PC]ekL:etpWc],sC]kU:ekL.yU,KL:"

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Aicn
] wiU c] w];l}a;km],PL,lqk:] l}a:K}a.mL; kU:mQw;] mQw;] El: cw];
l}a;mUci ;] hBm:] tumm] ciU ;] man]:ekL: lqk:] l}a:sWm;] mL; km],PL,n}.
mUn
i s
] kiU :] lQk;] kWc.] kn]w.} El: mUci ;] lCe] kL:Kat],kn]Am],l}:'
mUic];man]:ekL:epL;Am],lqk]:l}a:sWm]; tac];mUic];epL;n}suic]
etmUn
i k] n
u p] w],ham];AUv;] ekL.eS etAm],mI;PCK] w]:Agk,] hL
sU;nn].El: man]:ekL: mn];hB.tUwe] S sc],wUn.] Em;mL;'
kUv;] kL: kan]lkq :] l}a:mUn.] Em;KWc] mUci ;] hBm:] tum] mUci ;] man]:n}.
l}aP}a,yL, Pum:] lIss
]C mU ;] pUn.] tI: kgp:] pUn
i ;] man]:yam]:Sc],
Sc],SWnh] w];mL; l}apan]yw].El: lUw,] l}:Stitv
U ;] sgm;]
kCL,hG:] Kut
i ;] tn];tL,eS,yU,' An]lcU p] cW s
] ciu :] tQc;] sQc,] pun
i ]
Paw],wn];Ti 18.8.2011 nn]. wL:etSac]:mUci ;] hUm:] tum]
hG:] kt];yQn] ethUm:] muwi ;] Aup,] kU:mU,kU:sum;] n}nn]. pQnA
] n]
lIEt.Et.' kUv;] kL:l}a;hQt;] Sac]: etTuci t
] :I mWk:] kL:huwi ]
Kw]etSuwi :] yUw;] etL,sum;] yip;] kWc:] El: pL,tI,p}a;mUci ;] mgk:]
kL:huwi ] sUwi ;] n}.pQnK] aw]; yam];lUw,] Stitv
U ;] l}a;hQt;] Sac]:
tp].Suki ;] Kw] Et.Et.nn].yw]." lUcp] cW s
] ciu :] tQc;] sQc,]
KC]:Sac]:mUic]; hBm]:tum]kt];yQn]yU,n}eStekL: epL;tp].
Suki ;] Kw]Sm].Kuci y
] ,U l}a;nuci :] pUn.] pqnS
] n
u ,] l}:kUn;] yU,P}a,
nuci :] n}sciu ] An]lcU p] cW s
] ciu :] tQc;] sQc,] yUci ;] Aan];nn].
ekL: etAm],mI;PWn;] lI kUv;] p},epL;kan]Sku .] yuc:] ekL:
sac]:kUit],l}:Tqc]:yU,' kWp]:puin];Suik];man]:Kw] yam]:pQn]
mL;mI;mL; hG]:hw];Stinn].yw]."
KWc],SI,Aw]Kuin];suic]:t}; l}:kuit];Suik];etL, lUc]pWc]suic]:
tQc];sQc], n}. yWn].lWc]:tac]; 4pUic]1. yWn].pUiw]:lUc]pWc]suic]: puin]Paw],tL,Sac]:mUic];hBm]:tum]
hG:] kt];yQne] S etAup,] kU:mU,kU:sum;] ' KWc,] SI,Aw]Kn
iu ;]
suci :] t};ekL: pun
i P
] aw],w}.wL: PWm.] tL,Aw]la} ;kan]mciU ;]

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Ek:lit:] tac];kan]mciU ;] kt];kt];yQn] yQn'] kgp:] mn];mL;

c}a;kn]El: sc],l}:kut
i ;] Suki ;] eS Aup,] AUw;] tac];kan]
mUic]; n}nn].yw]."
2. cw];l}a;km],PL,ekL: AI;SUc,] pn]h:]G sUwi .] sat]:Kun
i ;] lI
nn]. mUic];lC]ekL: pn]hqc];hG]:Aup],AUw];kn] Am],pn]
hqc];tL,sC].AQn]hqc];Suik];etL,kn]El: sc],l}:kuit];
Suki ;] ' An]km],PL,pn]hcq ;] Em;lIkn]nn]. Am],sC:] P}a,
nuci :] yU,nUwi P
] a} ,nuci :] P}a,nuci :] yip;] kWc:] P}a,nuci :] hG:] wac];
kWc:] nn].Am],sC:] ' Sc]wL:Am],Suwi :] yUw;] etL,kn] Am],
hQt;] hG:] kUn;] mUci ;] l}:kt];yQn] yU,lIkn
i l
] s
I ciu ] kan]kt
iu ;]
Suki ;] nn].ekL: Am],mI;kCam];m}aSc] El: km];lun
i ;] tUk;]
lUc;] kan]mciU ;] kn]Am],l}:mL;ekL: hG:] PWm.] Aw]kan]Skiu ;]
tqp;] tt]; Aw]lt
iU :] lqk:] lWc:] kt];yQnn
] n].yw]."
3. kUn;] mUci ;] hw];l}:Kam],tam],Suki ;] mL; pI<yaw];Kaw];huci e] S
kWt;] Pan]tku .] K p}a:AWk,] mUci ;] ' wan]:ham];' nL;ham];' kUn;]
tac],sat]:mL;put]:yU,ekL:tc];nm]' kUn];mUic];sUiw];

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Kw]hap],Tam];kan]Suik]; pI<yaw];Kaw];huic] ekL:hUiw].m}g:'

kUn];mUic];An]KC]:hQt];Suik];mC],ekL: sac]lUc];tac];nm]
yWn.] KC:] luwi :] pn]kn
U ;] mUci ;] kUn;] Suki ;] An]l:} Kam],tam],
] wiU ;] nn].El: sc],l}:kit
u ;] Suki ;]
Suki ;] pI<yaw];Kaw];huci s
Sc]wL:kuit];Suik];yw].El: kUn];mUic];yc];Am],l}:hp].
PWn];lI tuik].mI;lWc]:pUn].pqn]Sun],l}:Sun],pQn]kUn];
epL:Em:luk:] em;tuki .] l}:kUwe] hp}a:yU,ekL: Am],mI;kCam];m}a
Sc]' km];lun
i ;] Sut;] ekL: Suki ;] man]:AI;SUc,] hG:] tuki ;] Suki ;]
Kun
i ;] ekL: mUwi :] nn]. lUw,] pQnS
] wiU K] pU ;] sac]. Am],nn] cUki :]
KUp];SUiw]kUv];yw]."
4. muc:] mWc;] sum;] yip;] kWc:] kac], PWm.] hBm:] kn]p<I yaw];Kaw];huci ]
mUiw]:pan] MTA en;wL: mI;EK,Kun]SL, yWn].Kun]SL,
mI;suwi :] yL:mw];km]El: Am],Pgm.] kn]l:} w}a;KunS
] L, wac];
kWc]:l}:mL; 14pI<p}ayw].ekL: Am],hn]kan]Pgm].hUm]:
Kupi :] nL:mL;Sc]' kUn;] sUwi ;] Aup,] kan]mciU ;] nm]lwiU k] n
U ;] hQt;]
kan]mUic];El: An]kUn];mUic]; l}:Kam],tam], Siuk];SUiw]
tuk.] Kl}:p}a:yU,sUwi ;] nn]. Am],mI;PCh] p].pun:] Pgn;] pn]
Sc]mL;El: l}:hn]kn
U ;] mUci ;] tuk.] Kl}:Kam],tam],Suki ;] yU,
sUwi ;] nn].El: sc],l}:kut
i ;] Suki ;] ' Sc]wL:kut
i ;] Suki ;] yw].
El: kUn;] mUci ;] l}:hp]. PWn;] lIl:} yU,lIkn
i l
] I Kun
i :] yC,] mC,]
Suc]yU,n}suic] kWc]:kac],n}. Am],tap]:yip];ekL:l}:'
yip];kWc]:n}.mUin]yip]; Tan],f};nn]. PC]ekL:hB.
yU,' kWp]:mn];yap],Puit], lUw],l}:Kam],yap],Et.
Et.nn].El: Am],mI;kUn;] KC:] yip;] kWc:] tuki ;] Suki ;] nn].
yw].' kUn];km]kWc]:tuik];Suik];nn]. pQn]kUn];yQn].l}:
u :] tL,sUwi .] sat]: wan]:mUci ;] ' sUwi .] sat]:mI;
Kam],t}atac]pn
eP;mL;Kam],suk;] P}a,nL:kUn;] mUci ;] eS etL,SU:Kam],t}a

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Kw]:pW;} tuki ;] nn]. lIycW :] eyL;Aw]kcu ,] munK] w]Et.Et.'

kUv;] kL:Suki ;] ekL:mI;l}amQw;] mUn
i k] n] Suki ;] hk].sUwi .] sat]:
wan]:mUci ;] ' Suki ;] kUn;] kL.' Suki ;] kins
] ac]:' kgp:] n} kut
i ;] Suki ;]
wn];mUwi :] n}. yUci ;] m}aSucS
] t
u ;] ekL: hG:] kUn;] mUci ;] l}:hp].
PWn;] lInn].yw].' Sc]wL: kUn;] mUci ;] Am],l}:hp].Pgn;] lI
suci ] sUwi .] sat]:ekL:etAm],luwi :] Sw]; yum,] ym]wL:PU:
hk].sUwi .] sat]:Kw] etluk.] mL;km]kcg :] Ennm].sCh] k].
KUwi ;] tUwk] w],eS luk.] mL;Kw]:pW;} tuki ;] etL,SU:kCL,Tqc:] yU,'
kan]mciU ;] pQn] kan]tL,l}:mL;AL,nL,eS pUk;] pWcw] an]:mUci ;]
El: tL,l}:mL;AL,nL,nn]. Aup,] Aw]tkiu ;] Aw] mI;l}al}a;
yU,' Sc]wL:hw];KC:] l}:mUci ;] kWn;] eKL w};w};n}nn]. kUn;] mUci ;]
t};mI;pun:] PWn;] kU:ekL. Am],sC:] mI;tI:tp].Suki ;] kUv;] ' KC:]
hG]:kUn];mUic];hw];pWc],sC]eSkm];"
kuit];Suik];yw].tp].Suik];ethQt];Sc]?
1. pUk];pWc]p}a;Puk],SWm]: sUiw];An]Puk],yL:Pin],yU,nn].
etKt];sCh] LtUn:] Puk,] tqn;] pn]' Am],sC:] wL:PQw:] yL:
fin,] kCL,tI,pqt:] SUny
] L:Pin,] hG:] kUn;] mUci ;] lUt
i ,] m}:nn].
Am],sC]:' ethQt];hG]:kUn];mUic]; mI;l}a;l}:lQc].nL:hUin];
lUv]:Am],Puk],yL:fin],"

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2. etpUk;] pWcp] n]pa} ;pic,] vL, p}a;yU,lI p}a;mak]:mI; kUn;] mUci ;] hG:]
lIKuin]:"
3. etlUt];pn]KWn],Puk],SWm]:kU:mQw];mQw];"
4. etpn]tac];hB.p}a;tI,mUw],ker,SI,El: lWk];l}a;kan]
lUik]:tc]:"
] ciu :]
5. ethBm:] kn]tac];lUcp] cW s
] ciu :] tQc;] sQc,] eS pUk;] pWcs
mUic];hBm]:tum] hG]:Kuin]:yC],mC],Suc]"
6. epL;kUn];mUic];hw];TUp];eP;Suik]; ep.kin]tQk];tQc]mUin]
mUwi :] pUn.] mL;nn]. hG:] pWc,] Tuci t
] p].Suki ;] hw]; etkqt,] EK
eh.kc]:El: sW:} lat]:pn]tp].Suki ;] man]:tL,kan]mn
U .]
Em;pn]tac];Pit];pn]PU:pUn].pqn]"
7. tL,etAup,] AUw;] kan]mciU ;] kU:P}a, nc],huwi e] tmI;Sun,] hUm:]
nn]. put
i ,] tac];Kw]:mL; hBm:] muwi ;] hQt;] Sac]:l}: yL,hG:] mI;
kUn;] yL.kw]; hG:] kan]PmW .] hBm:] tqk,] y}a:nn]. tp].Suki ;]
hw];etAw]kU:l}a; kqt],EK eh.kc]:kCL,' nc],huiw]et
Am],mI;nn]. kUn;] mUci ;] hw];ekL: mI;pun:] Pgn;] Eh.kc]:pL;
yU,' pL,tI,kan]mciU ;] kU:pL,tI, nn].etKw]:Aup,] AUw;] hUm:]
muwi ;] kCL, hBm:] pL;pL,tI, NLD pL; Agc,] San];SukY,I sUwi ;] nn].
eS hG]:wan]:mUic]; kt];yQn]Kuin]:yC],mC],Suc]"

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sgmSu
]Siku ];y
yWWt]:Suik];
hUw]pw]:lc]
lUc]
Kgc],SI,Aw]Kuin];suic]:t};

1/17/2012 10:10:08 AM

Message on 65th anniversary

of
Shan State National Day

han State National Day, the day of building Shan State national
unity to gain independence from the British, today commemorates its 65th anniversary. No one can deny that without the Shan
State National Day on 7th February 1947, the Independence of
the Union of Burma which now sees its 64th anniversary would not have
come into existence. Within these 64 years, the Shan State people have
been like staying in the dark prison and have been deprived of the rights
to national development. The Burmese army sent its troops to Shan
State and has committed human rights violations such as forced labours,
rape and mass killing. Every other ethnic nationality within the union also
faces the same fate. Therefore, people lost their jobs and thousands
have to migrate into Thailand and the other countries as refugees and
illegal immigrants. Besides, Burmese army also has a planned ethnic
cleansing in Shan State. Because of the oppression made by the Burmese army, ethnic armed groups spread all over the country demanding
for their rights and the rights of self-determination. There is no ethnic that
does not have its own resistance army. During the 60 years of Burmese
military rule, the Shan State people have experienced many deaths, the
abandoned villages, loss of culture and also loss of national development. Burmese has ruled the country for over 64 years and both of the
positive and negative results should be passed as a lesson for the future
to our younger generations.
Due to the injustice by the Burmese army, not only every ethnic in Shan
State but also all the ethnics in the union have to take up arms to defend
ourselves when peaceful political negotiation has failed. The Shan resistance movement has reached 53 years now through several circles
of political negotiations and the renewal of fighting. The fighting after
the dialogue was due to the insincerity and the assimilation policy of the
Burmese army which makes the prolonged war and the country undeveloped.

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The situation of the union of Burma has changed with the world with the
countries as chain linking one another. If the union of Burma does not
change with the other countries, it will remain a deserted island with no
friends and visitors. Therefore Burma knows itself it needs to change. But
dont be overjoy on the changes made because it has taught us lessons
in different periods. We need to carefully and closely watch the development. The announcement made by Thein Sein government on 18th
August 2011 saying it will cooperate with each and every organization to
build a peaceful union is a positive gesture. However, to see how effective their effort is and how sincere they will be towards the ethnic armed
groups and the political parties; it is also the time now to closely watch
the movement of the Burmese army. Although the Thein Sein government wants to build a peaceful union, if the Burmese army is doing different things committing human rights violations, its aim will not be fruitful.
Instead, there will only be unrest. The past actions of the Burmese army
remind us to be cautious.
Restoration Council of the Shan State made ceasefire with Thein Sein
government due to the following 4 reasons.
1. The government announces it will enter talks with each and every
group to build a peaceful union. RCSS has also announced it is ready
to peacefully solve the political crisis through politics. As these coin
cide with one another, RCSS makes ceasefire for political
negotiation.
2.

In the world, every country encourages political dialogue for national

reconciliation instead of using forces. Therefore, RCSS has agreed
to a ceasefire. The encouragement of the world for national
reconciliation does not mean that one lords over the others and one
holding arms while the others surrender. The ceasefire will be
meaningless if there is no sincerity for one another and no peace for
the people. In the end, if the politics cannot be settled, the military
means will be used to exchange peace with blood.

3.

Shan State people have long been suffering from war and face
poverty. They migrate abandoning their villages, fields and farms.
The different races then come to live in their areas. People working
in the army for longer period get tired. There is difficulty for new
recruitment of soldiers. RCSS agrees to the ceasefire because it
wants a break for the people and soldiers long suffering from war.
After the ceasefire, if the people cant still enjoy peace, and they still
face human rights violations, there is no meaning for the ceasefire.
Then war will surely be unavoidable.

4.

We have hoped for the unity of different ethnic armed groups. At the
time of MTA, the blame was put on the Chinese man, Khun Sa
saying he had a bad name smeared with narcotic drugs and the
unity was not possible. There is still no progress of unity even if
Khunsa has surrendered over 14 years now. There are more people
talking politics than being real politicians. No one takes the
responsibility of the people suffering and fleeing from war. Seeing
this has also been the reason RCSS agrees to the ceasefire. After
the ceasefire, there is no need to hold weapons as well if people
can taste the sweetness of freedom and real development. Holding
up guns is similar to holding up hot charcoal. As it is difficult and one
must bear the hardship, no one wants to hold up guns and go to

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battle field. The soldiers are those who are patient and die for the
nation. They do deserve great honour. There are also different types
of soldiers as soldiers with the love of their nation, soldiers for the
traders and mercenaries. RCSSs ultimate goal of signing the
ceasefire is for the people to receive its good result. If our people
cannot receive this, our national struggle will move on with the belief
that our patriots will join in taking up arms and again go to war for
our national freedom. Politics is to gain the power for development
of the nation. In order to get such power, there are two different
ways either through political dialogue or through battle field. RCSS
would like Shan State people to understand that to get Shan State
independence quickly, not only the Shan State army but every one
of the Shan State people shares responsibility.
After the ceasefire, what will Shan State Army do?
1. To develop agriculture. We will find crops substitution for those
growing opium. This does not mean to go and destroy the opium
plantation and make the people worry. We will help the people earn
their income by not growing the opium.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

leaflet Feb 7 2012.indd 15

To develop education, health and economic for the people to the

next level.
To reduce taxes on different types of plantation.
To impart the knowledge of democracy and the way of elections.
To develop the union with the cooperation of Thein Sein
government.
If our people face the danger of war and human rights violations like
in the past, please report it to our army. We will defend and talk to
the Burmese army for the punishment of violators.
To discuss politics. We keep open arms and welcome every party
and group for cooperation. Our army will defend our unity through
every possible means. Shan State people also have the duty to
defend it. We will enter discussion with every political party including
NLD for the development of the country.

Lt. Gen. Yawd Serk

Chairman
torattion Council of the Shan State
Restoration

1/17/2012 10:10:16 AM

SHAN NATIONAL DAY

Shan National Day was established on February 7th, 1947.
The meaning of Shan National Day:
* The day of Shan State leaders united.
* The day of establishing a federal democratic country.
* The day of unifying various ethnic states into a bigger Shan State.
* The day of establishing the Shan State Council.
* The day of finding the Shan State flag.
* The day freedom and equality.
Events of Shan State and Shan State National Day
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

The Shan nation was an indigenous people who coexisted and

inhibited throughout Shan State in peace and harmony along with
other ethnicities.
Shan State was established and administeredby the Shan princes
since the 10th century and was welknown by the name of Mong
Mao Kingdom.
Jan 1887 - the Bdritish colony invaded into Shan State.
1890 - the British Goverment designated the Shan State to become
a colony.
Sept1939 - World War II started.
Oct 1942 - the Japanese army invaded into Shan State.
Aug 1945 - Japanese troops withdrew from Shan State after the
British troops reoccupied Shan State.
Oct 1945 - many Shan princes met at funeral of Nang Fha Muang
Pon. The meeting was brought up the issue of establishing a new
nation and agreed to have broader discussion in next coming
conference which was to be held in the Muang Kung Township.
The agreement of Muang Kung Conference:
1. To establish the council of Shan princes.
2. To hold a meeting in Panglong in March 1946.
3. To invite the Kachin and Chin leaders to the meeting.

March 1946 - Shan, Kachin and Chin leaders made decisions at the
Panglong meeting.
1. To hold another meeting in Panglong in 1947.
2. To form the Supreme Council of the United Hill.
3. The Supreme Council must consist of six members of each
representative.

3rd Feb 1947 - the Shan princes agreed to set up the Shan State
Council at the Panglong meeting.
4th Feb 1947 - the Shan princes informed the British goverment of
forming the Shan State Council.
15th Feb 1947 - Shan State Council declared all members
ate equal.
5th-6th Feb 1947 - The Shan and Kachin leaders started a
meeting. On the 6th evening, the Chin delegation arrived and
participated the meeting. Seven princes and senven peoples
representatives presented at Shan State Council Meeting.

*
*
*

The Shan State Council Meeting:

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1.

2.

The national flag was designed with three colours- yellow, green
and red, with a white moon in the middle. This symbolises
Buddhism, the land, the people and the spirit of the Shan
people respectively.
Khur Dai Khur Ra Cha was designated as the national
anthem.

7th Feb 1947- the Shan leaders and Shan princes agreed to coperate for
the interests of the people and devleop a better country.
The 7th February is the Shan State National Day which was a significance for the Shan State people. It is a day of paying respects and suluting the national flag and memotizing the by-gone and
current Shan State leaders.
The Beginning of the Union of Burmas problem.
In the 11th Febuary 1947at 09:00AM, Gen. Aung San had a meeting with Kachin, Chin and Shan ethnic leaders and they had made some
agreement, these agreements were(1)

As it was the time for unity, the province to include in the Kachin
State must be recognize later.
(2) As for the rights to secession, it shall be discuss in constituent
assembly, it must be according to the wish of the hill people.
(3) The joining in the Union before Independence must not be a
hinder to the terms of secession.
(4) After joining the Union the hill states must have the rights
seceded.
(5) Although they can decide to sepatate in the constituent
assembly, but if they wish they had the rights to join the Union
in the future.
(6) If they join the Union, they must have the equality like the
Burmese, according to the democratic way of administration.
(7) The Union Goverment have no rights to interfere with the
administration of the Shan State. The Goverment of the Shan
state must have their own constitution.
(8) The Union Goverment must not interfere or violate the
literature, culture, laguage and traditional ways of the ethnic.
(9) The Budgets of the hill states must be more than the Colonial
Times.
In the morning of 12th Feb.1947, at 11:00 AM, the PangLong aggrement
was signed by representatives, 6 from the Shan Saophas, 8 from the
Shan people, 3 from Chin, 3 from Kachin and only General Aung San on
the Burmese side. It was written as follows;
Dated, the 12thFebuary,1947
PangLong

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Meaning and aim of the RCSS flag

Cyan color 1. The backgruound color of the political
party wich is the Restoration Council of the
Shan State
2. Belief in peace
3. The establishment of the firm and long
lasting national unity
Octagon star 1. all Shan State nationalities, generosity,
honesty, equality and justice.

tI:pWc],eKL:yUic];ma}sWm]piw]KWc],SI,Aw]Kuin];suic]:t};1. SISWm],num], - ma}Tuic] SIcw]:Kam],puin].pL,tI,kan]mUic];

KWc],SI,Aw]Kuin];suic]:t}; (R.C.S.S)"
- yum],ym]lWc]:kt];yQn]"
- ekL,kum]lWc]:PWm].hBm]:sUiw].sat]:An]mI;tac];mn]:
kqn],nqn]:nLTL,wr"
2. law]pqt],sQc],- tac]tUw]kU:saw];KUiw]; sQt];luk]:wn];pqt],rL,hB."
- kU:saw];KUiw];nC];suic]:t}; mI;nm].sC]es,tnL,PUik],
suin]:Kaw]SC]tL,eS,"
- yum],ym]lWc]:kt];yQn]eS Tac],hac]:pUk];pWc]
sUiw].sat]:wan]:mUic]; lUv]:JtL;PQc],pQc];kn]"

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1/17/2012 10:10:24 AM

qgrfydofqdlof.qmwf;
1. sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]:pQn]sWm]piw]An]PU:AWn]hBw]mUic];t};tc];SQc]:hBm]:
kn]tqp];tt];mk];mn]:mL;tI:pac]lUc] 7.2.1947 nn].yw]."
2. sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]:nn]. nL:yaw]; 5 Tt];" nL:pWt]; 3 Tt];"
lUic]' KQw]' lqc] Sam]SIsp];kn]Pa},pk];pWt];" SIKaw] tac]lUin]mUn]; An]
Tqw]Pak],mI; 9 niw].eSyU,w}.kac]mn];Suiw]:Suiw]:" Sc]wL:KC]:lQk].' yC],suic]
KCak]:' eyL: sWm];nc],pUic]tm];n}.l}:"
3. tI:pWc],eKL:yUic];ma} !SI@ nC];sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]:nn].suic]!SIlUic]@> ma}Tuic] SL,SnL,El: kUn];KUiw];mUic];suic]:t}; An]pQn]
kUn];KUiw];nUiw].lUic]"
!SIKQw]@> ma}Tuic] pL,m}.' emL,Sqc]' cuin];Km];KUw];KWc] mUic];suic]:t}:El:
lWc]:kt];yQn]SUiw];SL,"
!SIlqc]@> ma}Tuic] ht];han]' can]lqt];"
!SIKaw]@> ma}Tuic] Am],kUt].kqk];' Am],lic].yWk];eS PUik],suin]: Kaw]
SC]w}.tL,eS,' wUc];lUin]ma}Tuic]kUn];mUic];suic]:t};PWm].hBm]:kn]n}yU, yw]."
* sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]:n}. Am],sC]:sWm]piw]tWn]:tL,saw];KUiw];t};An]lQw]'
sWm]piw]sUiw].sat]: pQn]sWm]piw]tWn]:tL, kU:saw];KUiw];An]pQn] sUiw].sat]:
suic]:t};tc];mUt];nn].yU,yw]."*

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