Semeiology of osteomuscular system in children

Simple complement
1) What is the anterior fontanelle?
a) caput succedaneum
b) Not ossified membranous area located between the parietal and frontal bones
c) cephalohematoma
d) trauma to the skull bones
e) developmental abnormality
2) What is the correct statement of tooth eruption in children?
a) eruption of the first teeth start with upper incisors and takes place at 10 years
b) lower incisors eruption occurs at the age of 8 weeks
c) the first milk teeth are lower medial incisors, that appear at age 6-8 months
d) incisors and upper lateral canines appears at the age of 5-7 months
e) tooth eruption is associated with fever and starts at the age of 4 months
3) What is "craniotabes" in children?
a) edema of the hairy part of the head
b) osteomalacia flat bones of the skull, especially the occipital bone
c) occipital alopecia
d) precocious ossification of skull bones
e) occipital bone deformation
4) The age of permanent teeth eruption is?
a) infant period
b) 10 years old
c) preschool period (6-7 years old)
d) at the end of three years
e) 4 years old
5) Functional status of the muscular system in children is assessed according to the following
criteria:
a) general turgor
b) increase in height
c) weight gain
d) tone, strength and motor activity
e) muscle mass and muscle relief
6) Which method is used for the assessment of muscle development in children?
a) inspection and palpation
b) electromyography
c) ultrasonography
d) determining body mass
e) biochemical blood analysis
7) What posture is characteristic of healthy term newborn?
a) hands are flexed at the elbow, the legs are drawn to the abdomen, increased muscle tone in the
flexors
b) child on supine has expanded arms and legs and muscle tone in limbs is reduced

c) the presence of the limb dystonia

d) worm movements in members
e) manifest muscle hypertonia in the extensors
8) When can be seen increased muscle tone of flexors in children?
a) with chronic disorders of nutrition (malnutrition)
b) healthy newborns and infants during the first 2-3 months of life
c) in premature infants
d) in dismature infants
e) with rickets
9) What are seizures in children?
a) involuntary movements of the head
b) involuntary contraction, alternating with rapid relaxation of muscles members trunk
c) voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle
d) muscular dystonia
e) acute inflammatory disease of the muscles
10) Up to what age the child retains the position similar to the intrauterine period?
a) until 1 year of life
b) until the appearance of milk teeth
c) until the age when children triples its weight
d) until 2-3 months of life
e) individually in all children, there is no a time limit
11) How is appreciated appearance of ossification nuclei in children?
a) using laboratory tests
b) by inspection
c) by fist radiography
d) appreciating the skeletal development
e) assessment of family history data
12) How evaluates coordination of muscle contractions in the newborn and infant?
a) begin while developing leg movements
b) is produced from the top down, starting with the neck muscle and continue to the trunk and
limbs afterwards
c) it begins with coordination of eye globes and face muscles movements
d) coordinated movements are absent in infants
e) coordination is caused by involuntary movements of the upper limbs
13) What is characteristic for skull bones in healthy term newborn?
a) They are composed of membranous tissue
b) skull bones are not fully ossified, fontanelle is present
c) skull bones have deformities
d) occipital craniotabes is present
e) microcephaly is characteristic
14) What is the importance of assessing head circumference in children?
a) is a criterion that allows the assessment of brain volume
b) is a criterion for assessing physical development
c) allows to estimate intracranial pressure

d) is a sign of maturity of the skeleton

e) allow the diagnosis of brain malformations
15) What is "bone age" child?
a) assessing the degree of diaphysis ossification
b) assessment of nuclei ossification using fist radiography
c) assess the degree of bone maturation in the newborn
d) assessment of permanent dentition
e) Clinical assessment of skeletal development in children
16) What is it correct for occipital fontanelle?
a) is present in all infants born at term
b) is present in all premature infants and 25% of term newborns
c) is present in all postmature infants
d) is present in all children with rickets
e) is present in children with hypervitaminosis "D"
17) How many cranial sutures are distinguished from healthy baby born at term?
a) none
b) 8 cranial sutures
c) 5 cranial sutures
d) 2 sagittal and 2 temporal
e) 1 fontanelle and 2 cranial sutures
18) What is characteristic of the backbone in healthy newborns?
a) presence of lumbar lordosis
b) backbone is straight
c) presence of cervical lordosis
d) backbone with lateral deviations
e) presence of thoracic kyphosis
19) What is rickets kyphosis?
a) is a voluntary incorrect position of the child
b) is a traumatic condition of the spine
c) is a deformation dorso-lumbar of the spine in children (hump), reducible in prone position
d) is a complication of spondyloarthritis
e) is a deformation caused by incorrect position of the body

Multiple complement:
1) What clinical signs may be observed in children "dificilis dentitio"?
a) marked irritation of the gums, salivation, anorexia
b) stomatitis caused by Candida
c) rinorrhea, nasal flaring
d) persistent diarrhea
e) not high fever
2) How to appreciate muscle tone in infants?
a) by palpation of muscles during sleep
b) passive flexion and extension of the upper and lower limbs
c) identifying reduced motor activity

d) the identification of active movements in prone and dorsal position

e) by dynamometry
3) How is appreciated muscle strength in children?
a) by assessing muscle relief
b) by anthropometric measurements
c) attempting to take the toy by force from the small child hands
d) by dynamometry
e) by electromyography
4) What are choreiform movements in children?
a) voluntary muscle contractions
b) coordinated rhythmic contractions of muscles
c) involuntary contractions of a muscle group
d) involuntary contractions in asymmetrical body parts, especially of the limbs, which may
disappear in sleep
e) the progressive reduction of muscle strength
5) In which pathology of childhood, seizures are observed?
a) organic lesions of the brain (obstetrical trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, in severe infections with
neurotoxicosis, meningitis, encephalitis)
b) intussusception
c) constitutional familial abnormalities
d) electrolyte and metabolic disorders (hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, spasmophilia)
e) respiratory and digestive infections
6) What is assessed by visual inspection of the muscular system in children?
a) muscle tone
b) presence of pathological indurations
c) the relief of muscle
d) the degree of skeletal muscle development
e) the degree of smooth muscle development
7) What is characteristic bone development in children?
a) the growth is situated in the metaphyseal region of tubular bones
b) is underdeveloped, rich in water and poor in minerals
c) is rich in organic matter
d) the ossification includes only mineralization
e) tubular bone growth occurs in diaphyseal region
8) How evolves skeletal ossification in the newborn?
a) begins in the perinatal period
b) begins during intrauterine development
c) diaphises tubular bones in neonates are already ossified
d) ossification begins after the age of one years
e) the occurrence of ossification nuclei occurs in the first months after birth
9) What cranial deformities are seen in rickets?
a) cephalohematoma
b) microcephaly
c) craniostenosis

d) craniotabes
e) caput quadratum, prominence of the frontal bone and the parietal fossa
10) In which diseases can be seen retardation in the appearance of nuclei ossification in children?
a) acute infections
b) artificially fed infants
c) rickets, hypothyroidism
d) premature newborns
e) children with congenital malformations of skeleton
11) What are the conditions necessary for normal muscle development in children?
a) use of abundant carbohydrates in the diet
b) stimulating active movements
c) special methods for muscle stimulation by games (somersaulting, going on four members)
d) daily gymnastics
e) receiving stimulation drugs
12) What are the peculiarities of skull development in healthy newborn?
a) the ratio of the face and skull is 1:1 encephalic
b) the skull bones are incomplete ossificated
c) the presence of membranous nonossificated areas (fontanelles and sutures)
d) facial skull is well developed
e) anterior fontanelle is present in all newborns and has diamond shape
13) What are the consequences of hypokinesia in children?
a) increasing of morbidity
b) obesity
c) insufficient development of muscular relief
d) internal organ damage
e) low weight gain
14) What are the characteristics of muscle atrophy in children?
a) absence of bioelectric activity
b) the reduction or loss of muscle mass, as expression of neurological or locomotor systems diseases
c) muscle weakness
d) isolated contraction of a muscle group
e) decreasing muscle strength without muscle mass decrease
15) What investigations are used to examine the muscular system?
a) ultrasonography
b) radiologic examination
c) electromyography
d) cronaximetry
e) dynamometry
16) What are the periods of bone maturation in children?
a) The newborn period
b) The development of protein mathrix
c) The period of mineralization
d) the stabilization period
e) the period of remodeling and renewal

17) What are the correct statements related to skeletal bone ossification in the newborn?
a) not a bone is ossified
b) some bones are ossified at age of one year
c) partially ossified cranial bones at birth
d) diaphises and epiphises of tibia and femur are ossified at birth
e) cuboid bone, and sometimes caput humerus are ossified
18) At that age more often can be observed rickets deformations of the thorax in children?
a) child aged one year
b) in the first month of life
c) the child after the age of 5-6 months
d) in the first quarter of the child's life
e) in children after the age of 2 years
19) For which categories of infants is characteristic muscle weakness?
a) healthy newborns
b) for newborns with birth body weight less than 2500 g
c) for the preterm of I-IV degree
d) dismature infant (with intrauterine growth retardation)
e) for newborns with CNS pathology
20) What are the pathological changes of the anterior fontanelle in infants?
a) small in size or early closed anterior fontanelle
b) enlarged anterior fontanelle associated with cranial suture dehiscence
c) bulging of anterior fontanelle or pulsation of her
d) anterior fontanelle at cranial bone
e) depression of anterior fontanelle

The semeiology of osteomuscular system in children:

Simple complement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

B
C
B
C
D
A
A

8. B
9. B
10. D
11. C
12. B
13. B
14. B

15. B
16. B
17. C
18. B
19. C

Multiple complement
1. A, E
2. B, D
3. C, D
4. C, D
5. C, D
6. C, D
7. B, C
8. B, C
9. D, C
10. C, D, E
11. B, C, D
12. B, C, E
13. A, B, C
14. A, B, C
15. C, D, E
16. B, C, E
17. C, D, E
18. A, C, E
19. B, C, D, E
20. A, B, C, E