01 MA4878course-Layout 4SPP

1/7/2016
Course Layout
MA4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Dr. Rajkumar S. Pant
Visiting Professor
Lectures:
26 hours
Lab/project:
39 hours
Pre-requisites:
MA3701 Aerodynamics
MA3703 Flight Dynamics
Dr. Lou Kok Yong

Adj. Asst. Prof.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
MAE @NTU
MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
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Course Objectives & Outcomes
Breakdown of Lectures
Objectives
This course aims to provide the students with the knowledge on

design aspects of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in terms of
consideration of UAV subsystems, such as Aerodynamics,
Payloads, Sensors, Flight control systems, and Propulsion. The
whole UAV system integration issues will also be covered
1.
2.
3.
4.
Outcomes
Understand the components building up to a UAV system
Understand functionalities of various UAV subsystems
Appreciate UAV design considerations based on mission
requirements
Appreciate integration challenges of various UAV subsystems
Dr. Rajkumar Pant

11th Jan to 22nd Feb
TITLE
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Dr. Lou Kok Yong

7th Mar to 18th Apr
HRS
TITLE
HRS
Introduction
Flight Modeling & Simulations
Overview of UAV Systems
Flight Control Systems.
Aerodynamics Considerations
Payload and Sensors
Propulsion
Other UAV Types
Performance
TOTAL
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13
TOTAL
13
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Introduction
Five Capsules
Evaluation Scheme
(1)
Definition of UAV Systems. Historical overview. Scope and coverage
Overview of UAV Systems
(3)
Continuous Assessment: 50%
Aerial vehicles. Mission planning. Launch and recovery. Payloads and sensors.
Data links. Ground support equipment. Classes of UAV systems.
Aerodynamics Considerations
Dr. Rajkumar Pant 25%
(4)
o Project based submissions
Review of aerodynamics. Aerodynamic considerations for various UAV types.

Determination of aerodynamic parameters for analysis
Propulsion
Final Examination: 50%

Closed Book examination
Duration 2 hours
Dr. Lou Kok Yong 25%
(2)
Propulsion Systems for UAV. IC engines. Gas turbines. Other propulsive

techniques: e.g. flapping wings.
Performance
(3)
Performance measures for various UAV. Flight performance considerations:

speed, range, endurance, maneuverability. Launch and recovery performance.
Unconventional maneuvers
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Course Policies
Course and Reference Books
Textbook
P. Fahlstrom, T. Gleason,
Introduction to UAV Systems,
2nd edition, UAV Systems
Inc., Columbia, MD, USA,
2005.
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References
P. Castillo et al., Modelling
and Control of Mini-Flying
Machines, Springer-Verlag,
2005.
T. Mueller et al., Introduction
to the Design of Fixed-Wing
Micro Air Vehicles, AIAA
Education Series, 2007.
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Course Material on NTU Learn

Most communication by e-mail
Hand Phones to be switched off (not mute)

Or else I get to answer !
Questions and Interruptions Welcome !
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My Contact Details
rspant@pmail.ntu.edu.sg
Office : N3.2-02-45
Phone: 67906891
Meetings mostly by prior appointments
Who am I ??
MY BACKGROUND
Open Door policy for quick doubts
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Academic
Work Experience
Five years industrial experience
Three degrees in Aeronautical Engineering
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Kanpur (1984-88)
Bachelors
o Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh, India, 1979-83

Masters
o Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, 1984-86

o Sponsored by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Doctoral
o College of Aeronautics, Cranfield University, UK, 1993-97

o Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in UK
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oDo-228 and HS-748 structural modifications

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Nashik (1988-89)
oMiG 27-M and -21 Aerodynamics & Flight Testing
~25 years teaching & research @ IIT Bombay

Lecturer
(1989-90)
Asst. Prof.
(1990-01)
Associate Prof.
(2001-12)
Prof.
(2012 )
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Aircraft I have mainly worked on
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Other aircraft I worked on
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Aircraft I have flown (in the cockpit !)
My Research Portfolio
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
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Overview
Technical vetting of Vihang Netra Mk-I
Design of a Snow UAV
Multicriteria Optimization of Snow UAV
Conceptual Design of Vihang Netra Mk-II
Conceptual Design of Hand Launched UAV
Aerodynamic Analysis of Flapping Wing UAV
VIHANG Netra Mk-1 UAV for SASE
TECHNICAL VETTING OF DESIGN
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VIHANG NETRA Mk-I
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Vihang Netra-Mk-1
Short Range Unmanned Surveillance System

Key Specifications
Range 30 Km
Endurance 2 hours
Payload 25 Kg
Max Altitude 15000 feet (above MSL)
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Trials at Gliding Center, Pune
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emonstration Flight
Trials at Bhuntar Airfield in Kulu

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Landing at Helipad
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VIHANGA NETRA HIGH ALTITUDE TRIALS
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Trials with standing snow
High Altitude Trials at Sissu
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Specified Requirements
Case Study-II
DESIGN OF UAV FOR SASE
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Critical Requirements
Tools used
Take off and Landing within 100m @ 12000ft
Maximum altitude of 18000 ft
Sustaining cross winds of 28 kmph
Wide temperature range of operation i.e.
RDS-Professional
from -300C to 500C
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Advanced Aircraft
Analysis
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CONFIGURATIONS INVESTIGATED
DRAGONFLY
VULTURE
SPARROW
SENTRY
Snow UAV
SHADOW-600
BLUE HORIZON
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Aim and Scope

Aim
Conceptual sizing of a UAV
For snow studies in lower Himalayas
Multicriteria Optimization of
SNOWUAV
To set up a multi-objective optimization problem

Scope
Development of a methodology for UAV sizing
Dinesh Kumar
M. Tech. Project: 2009-10
Optimize and compare results from different optimizers

Multi-objective optimization
Identification of conflicting objectives
Dineshkumar, M. and Pant, R. S., Conceptual Sizing and Multicriteria

Optimization of UAV for Snow Studies, Journal of Aerospace Sciences and
Technologies, Aeronautical Society of India, August 2013.
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Obtain Pareto front for the conflicting objectives
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Assumptions
Mission Specification
Baseline Configuration of VN-Mk II
CRUISE
ALTITUDE = 3000m
DISTANCE = 92.6km
MACH NUMBER = 0.6
LOITER
ALTITUDE = 3000m
DURATION = 30 min
MACH NUMBER = 0.5
DASH
ALTITUDE = 3000m
DURATION = 5 min
MACH NUMBER = 0.8
CLIMB
INITIAL ALTITUDE=100m
FINAL ALTITUDE = 3000m
MACH NO. = 0.5
MANEUVER
ALTITUDE = 2000m
NO. OF TURNS = 2
MACH NUMBER = 0.5
CRUISE
ALTITUDE = 2000m
DISTANCE = 92.6km
MACH NUMBER = 0.6
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Sharma, S.C., Feasibility Study for the design and Development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
for the Evaluation of Snow Cover, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, 2007
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Optimization
GENETIC ALGORITHM
Inputs
UAV DESIGN ALGORITHM
..Continued
Design Variables
READ
POPULATION SIZE
= NP
NUMBRE OF GENERATION = NG
STRING LENGTH
= LS
CROSSOVER PROBABILITY=PC
MUTATION PROBABILITY = PM
INITIAL SEED
= IS
GEN=1
INITIALIZE
POPULATION
FITNESS EVALUATION
REPRODUCTION
READ DESIGN VARIABLES

AND CONSTRAINTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GEOMETRY
MASS
ESTIMATION
PACKAGING
CALCULATION
MISSION
PROFILE
Design Variable
Aspect Ratio
Wing Span (m)
Wing t/c
Wing Setting Angle (deg)
Flap Area Percent
Propeller Radius (m)
Fuel Mass (kg)
Vehicle Length (m)
Design Mass (kg)
Air Brake CD0
AERODYNAMICS
Three Engine options available
CROSSOVER
ENGINE
DATA
MUTATION
GEN=GEN+1
Engine
LIMBACH L 275 E
Simonini Flying MINI 2 PLUS
UAV Engines AR 741
PERFORMANCE
CALCULATION
GEN=
NG
STOP
Lower Limit Upper Limit

6
10
4
10
10
20
0
5
0.0
0.25
0.2
0.8
1
8
3
6
70
120
0.5
1.98
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
AND PENELTY
ESTIMATION
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Power
(kW)
15
19
28
Mass
(kg)
7.8
18.3
16
Length Width
(m)
(m)
0.4
0.26
0.25
0.26
0.4
0.26
Height
(m)
0.26
0.45
0.26
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Constraints
Computed Constraint
Type Reference
Mission fuel +reserve
= Fuel Mass
Total Mass Computed
= Total Mass
Takeoff Distance
< 100 m
Landing Distance
< 100 m
Wing Location + Wing Chord
< Fuselage Length
Propeller Tip Mach number
< 0.8
Stall Speed 1.5
< Design Speed
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Multicriteria Optimization
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Multi-objective Optimization
8.5
Pareto Front
7
6
Identification of Conflicting Objectives
8.0
Wing Span (m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7.5
3
2
1
7.0
47
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6.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Stall Speed (m/s)
8.5
9.0
9.548
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Design Variables Pareto Front

Design Variables of Pareto Front
1
Aspect Ratio
Wing Span (m)
Wing t/c
Wing Setting Angle (deg)
Flap Area Fraction
Propeller Radius (m)
Fuel Mass (kg)
Vehicle Length (m)
Design Mass (kg)
AirBrake CD0
Engine
Objective Functions
Stall Speed (m/s)
Wing Span (m)
7.12
15.48
0.48
2
7.26
7.21
18.71
0.0
0.32
1.56
3
70
1.49
7.43
7.12
7.01
7.21
6.31
7.26
8.02
20
17.42
0.48
0.32
0.25
0.41
2.22
5.67
88.82
1.59
L 275E
6.92
7.26
6.76
8.02
1.13
6
6.0
8.35
17.42
0.32
1.19
0.34
2.11
3.29
95.1
0.89
1.98
6.55
8.06
6.5
8.35
6.46
8.39
8.06
7
8.39
1.0
0.8
1.89
0.6
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.4
0.2
0.0
50
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Observations
Summary & Conclusions
Multi Objective Optimization
Dedicated methodology for conceptual
Seven non-dominating objectives obtained
sizing and optimization for one-class of
Minimum stall speed 6.46 m/s @ wing span of 8.39 m
UAVs developed
Minimum wing span 7.12 m @ stall speed of 7.43 m/s
LIMBACH 275 E powerplant is selected in all the cases
Multi-criteria Optimization
Maximum flap fraction of 0.25 is selected in all the cases
Evolutionary optimization Algorithm can find full Pareto front

Seven Pareto designs obtained offers various possibilities in the design
51
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Team Members:
Jason Berti
Anish Bhatt
Donald Brooks
Michael Hazuda
David Rigotti
Sumeet Singh
Anthony Swago
Andrew Wang
Supervisor:
Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant
Visiting Faculty @ Dept. of AOE, Virginia Tech, 2010-11
HAUSS PROJECT
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Introducing
The NEW
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Desired Features
Conceptual Design Study of a

Hand Launched UAV
Light weight, hand launched and belly landing

Undetectable, low observability
Loiter optimization
Portability
No special piloting skills
M. Naveesh Reddy
Undergraduate Project
2011-12
Reliable
Reddy, N., Pant, R., Conceptual Design Study of a Hand Launch UAV,
Paper AIAA-2013-4423, Proceedings of AVIATION 2013, Los Angeles,
USA, 12-14 August 2013
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Existing HaL-UAVs
Specific Requirements
Specifications
All up Weight 7 kg
UAV
Endurance : 3 hours
Loiter speed :
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AeroVironment Pointer
12 m/s - 25 m/s
AeroVironment Raven
Range: 30 km
Wing
Length
Gross
Range
Endurance Velocity
Operational
span
(m)
Weight
(km)
(min)
(km/h)
Altitude
60
80
(kg)
(m)
2.74
1.4
1.83
0.9
4.5
1.9
(m)
10
6090
Upto 300
(max)
AGL
32-81
152 AGL
AeroVironment PUMA
2.8
1.4
5.9
15
120
37-83
152 AGL
AeroVironment Dragon Eye
1.1
0.9
2.7
45-60
35-65
300 AGL
Skylark 1 LE
2.9
2.2
6.1
15
180
37-74
-273 to 914
from take off
METU Guventurk
2.2
1.35
4.5
10
90
33-85
Bayraktar
1.6
1.2
15
60
95 (max)
300 AGL
Upto 900
AGL
Desert Hawk
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1.37
0.91
15
90
30 -80
150 AGL
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Baseline UAV
Propulsion System
Skylark 1 LE
Battery pack, propeller, motor and speed controller
Type
Advantage
Disadvantage
NiCd
Cheapest, Fast charging, not very Heavy,

sensitive to overcharging,
problem,
capacity,
Voltage Energy Density

(W-hr/kg)
Belly landing with inflated

cushion
Composite Structure
STAMP
Stabilized Miniature Payload
Daylight, night, uncooled
thermal and HD
memory 1.2
low
NiMH No memory problems, Medium Heavy, sensitive to 1.2

cost,
overcharging
LiPo
Light weight, Highest capacity Expensive,

needs 3.7
and no memory problems, 3.7 special charger, Risk
volts/cell
of explosion
Li ion No memory effect, high energy Risk of explosion

density
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3.6
40-80
60-100
130 +
100-160
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Comparison :S1223 v/s FX 63137
Airfoil Selection
Fx 63137
S1223
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Constraint Analysis
Design Point (Hp/W , W/S) = (0.013 hp/N, 58.32 N/m2)
Refined sizing
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6
6
Design Layout
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Sensitivity to Weight
Range
7
Gross Weight (kgs)
Gross Weight (kgs)
Endurance
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
6.5
6
5.5
5
27
28
Endurance (minutes)
29
30
31
32
33
Range (kms)
Gross Weight (kg)
Max. Velocity
8
7
6
5
4
16
17
18
19
20
Velocity (m/s)
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Thanks for your attention !

Open for queries
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18

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1/7/2016

Dr. Lou Kok Yong

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Course Objectives & Outcomes

This course aims to provide the students with the knowledge on

Dr. Rajkumar Pant

Dr. Lou Kok Yong

Flight Modeling & Simulations

Overview of UAV Systems

Flight Control Systems.

Payload and Sensors

Other UAV Types

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Definition of UAV Systems. Historical overview. Scope and coverage

Overview of UAV Systems

Continuous Assessment: 50%

Dr. Rajkumar Pant 25%

o Project based submissions

Review of aerodynamics. Aerodynamic considerations for various UAV types.

Final Examination: 50%

Dr. Lou Kok Yong 25%

Propulsion Systems for UAV. IC engines. Gas turbines. Other propulsive

Performance measures for various UAV. Flight performance considerations:

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Course and Reference Books

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Course Material on NTU Learn

Hand Phones to be switched off (not mute)

Questions and Interruptions Welcome !

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Meetings mostly by prior appointments

Open Door policy for quick doubts

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Three degrees in Aeronautical Engineering

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Kanpur (1984-88)

o Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh, India, 1979-83

o Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, 1984-86

o College of Aeronautics, Cranfield University, UK, 1993-97

oDo-228 and HS-748 structural modifications

oMiG 27-M and -21 Aerodynamics & Flight Testing

~25 years teaching & research @ IIT Bombay

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Aircraft I have mainly worked on

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Other aircraft I worked on

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Aircraft I have flown (in the cockpit !)

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Technical vetting of Vihang Netra Mk-I

Design of a Snow UAV

Multicriteria Optimization of Snow UAV

Conceptual Design of Vihang Netra Mk-II

Conceptual Design of Hand Launched UAV

Aerodynamic Analysis of Flapping Wing UAV

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

VIHANG Netra Mk-1 UAV for SASE

TECHNICAL VETTING OF DESIGN

VIHANG NETRA Mk-I

MA-4878 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles