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FERROMAGNETIC

RESONANCE

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
LITHIUM

FERRITE

AND

ANISOTROPY

MAGNETIC
OF

MONOCRYSTALLINE

FILMS

V. P. Gavrilin,
D. G.
and Yu.
F. Miroshnikov

UDC 538.221

Berezin,

The c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c a n i s o t r o p y constant K1 of m o n o c r y s t a l l i n e lithium f e r r i t e films was m e a s u r e d by the methods of f e r r o m a g n e t i c r e s o n a n c e and rotational m o m e n t s . The p r e s e n c e of
uniaxial anisotropy in the plane of a film with the constant Ku ~ 103 e r g . cm -3 is established
e x p e r i m e n t a l l y . The nature of the uniaxial anisotropy is explained by the a n i s o t r o p y of the
s t r e s s e s in the plane of the film, a f o r m u l a is obtained to compute the angle of deflection of
the easy magnetization axis f r o m the c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c direction. An estimate is made of the
difference in the s t r e s s e s along the axes (ax--az) N 1010 dyne 9 c m -2.
The specifics of f e r r i t e films with K1 < 0 grown in the (100) plane on m a g n e s i u m oxide chips is that
the e a s y magnetization axis (EMA) is in the plane of the film because of the demagnetizing f a c t o r and should
be d i r e c t e d ~long the [110] axis. However, a deviation of the EMA f r o m the [110] c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c direction
by an angle @ = 3 to 5 ~ has been detected in d e t e r m i n i n g the e a s y direction in m o n o c r y s t a l l i n e L i - f e r r i t e
films obtained by the method of c h e m i c a l t r a n s p o r t r e a c t i o n s , with the f e r r o m a g n e t i c resonance ( F M R ) l i n e width AH = 25 to 100 Oe and the c o e r c i v e f o r c e H c = 2 to 5 Oe. The a p p e a r a n c e of the angle ~ is explained in
[1, 2] by the p r e s e n c e of a uniaxial a n i s o t r o p y field in the film plane, which should, judging by the s m a l l
values of the angle, be c o n s i d e r a b l y less than the c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c a n i s o t r o p y field. The possibility of the
a p p e a r a n c e of uniaxial a n i s o t r o p y in the absence of a magnetic field during synthesis of films has b e e n n o t e d
e a r l i e r in [3] and was o b s e r v e d on m a n g a n e s e and nickel f e r r i t e films grown in the (110) and (111) planes
[4], a n d o n a n M g - - M n f e r r i t e in the (100) plane [7], as well as in m o n o c r y s t a l l i n e films of nickel, cobalt
and iron [5, 6].
The value of the angle | is easily computed f r o m the decomposition of the rotational moments c u r v e .
In case a uniaxial a n i s o t r o p y of elastic nature exists in the film plane t o g e t h e r with the c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c
a n i s o t r o p y and Is lies in the plane, the density of the total a n i s o t r o p y e n e r g y can be written as follows:
I K,s~n'-'2% @/<.Sln :,
(1_)
4
where ~ is the angle between the e a s y axis of uniaxial a n i s o t r o p y and
the v e c t o r I s which coincides with the EMA.
~=

EMA

2 ~

If a magnetic field H is applied at an angle c t o the EMA in the


film plane, then a rotational m o m e n t
0~'
1
t = - - 0--~,~= ) - K, sin 4 (V + 0 ) - - K . sin 2 (:? - - i).

(2)

#.

[0/O7

Fig. i

acts on the film. Here r = ~--~0, and s 0 = ~/4 + | (see Fig. 1). D e composing the e x p e r i m e n t a l curve L into two components with the periods ~/2 and r, we find Kl, Ku and the angles | and }. R e p r e s e n t e d
in Fig. 2 is the e x p e r i m e n t a l c u r v e of the rotational m o m e n t s (a) and

V. V. Kuibyshev Kuibyshev Pedagogic Institute. T r a n s l a t e d f r o m Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh


Zavedenii, Fizika, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 86-89, September, 1973. Original a r t i c l e submitted May 29, 1972.

9 1975 Plenum Publishing Corporation, 227 West 17th Street, New York, N. Y. 10011. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. A copy of this article is available from the publisher for $15.00.

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its c o m p o n e n t s f o r the L i - f e r r i t e f i l m (b). F o r this s p e c i m e n K I.


=--7.5.104erg.em
-3, K u = 2 . 9 . 1 0 3 e r g . c m
-3, | =3~ ', ~ = 1 4 ~
20'.

l "/8 -~
er~ cm -~

T h e v a l u e s of the a n g l e s and the c o n s t a n t s K i and Ku o b t a i n e d


in this m a n n e r s a t i s f y the FM_R e q u a t i o n well t a k i n g a c c o u n t of the
u n i a x i a l a n i s o t r o p y field

l 1 '
-4

O ~0

5g

~'~res= 7 [ H , ' + H l cos 4~


+ 2H~ cos 2 Q. -- ~',)]1!-~

~ deg

90

~: H,, + ~-H, (3 + cos 4~.)

L2 "tO-S

L~-I~-~
erg, cm -z

12

-- 2H. cos" (~ 1 ~) _f_ 4~I,


2

If\<t

,]g.Og

The f e r r o m a g n e t i c r e s o n a n c e w a s m e a s u r e d at the f r e q u e n c y
~ 1 1 0 0 0 MHz. T h e e r r o r in m e a s u r i n g the r e s o n a n c e fields did not
e x c e e d 0.2%.

90

One of the r e a s o n s f o r the a p p e a r a n c e of u n i a x i a l a n i s o t r o p y


m i g h t be the s t r e s s a n i s o t r o p y . The total c r y s t a l maga~etic e n e r g y
t a k i n g the s t r e s s e s into a c c o u n t is

d
120 /50)o deg

F i g . 2. C u r v e s of the r o t a t i o n a l
m o m e n t s of an L i - f e r r i t e film: a)
e x p e r i m e n t a l c u r v e ; b) c u r v e s
of the d e c o m p o s i t i o n c o r r e s p o n d ing to b i a x i a l (1) and u n i a x i a l (2)
anisotropy.

exx, exz a r e s t r a i n s .

(3)

1
1
1
+ 2- B._,% ~-z e~.~ + =~ e~.z + C,, eL- + --4-C . e.,-z -- Q-., eL-.

(4)

w h e r e a x and ~ z a r e d i r e c t i o n c o s i n e s ; K i is the c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c
a n i s o t r o p y constant; B 1 = - - 3 / 2 X10~ (Cil--C12) and B 2 = - - 3 / 2 kii i
9C44are m a g n e t o e l a s t i c c o n s t a n t s ; ~x, ~z a r e c o m p r e s s i o n s t r e s s e s ;
axz a r e s h e a r s t r e s s e s ; Cll, C12, C44 a r e e l a s t i c c o n s t a n t s ; and
V o l u m e m a g n e t o s t r i c t i o n is a s s u m e d z e r o .

The exx and exz a r e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m the condition of m i n i m u m f r e e e n e r g y


1

e.,..~.-

(5)

~ 2r

2(c,,-c,,_,)

) - B.2 sin 2:%


4

e'rz --

3.r z

C~ l

(6)

C~ "

A f t e r s u b s t i t u t i o n of (5) and (6) into (4), the a n i s o t r o p i c p a r t of the e n e r g y b e c o m e s

E'

K,+16

(C1)--Cl~)

B1 (% -- %)
4 (C1x -- C,~) cos 2~,,

S, I ] " Z,~ o

l B.,
4 C~:xz sin 2~,,.

The l a s t two m e m b e r s in (7) a r e the u n i a x i a l a n i s o t r o p y e n e r g y .

A=
B--

Kl + 16 (C,, -- CI.~)
B,(%--%)
4 ( C , 1 - - Or"-) '

C=--

(7)

Let us i n t r o d u c e the notation

32 C4t
1 B2~.,.~
4 C~

(8)

T h e E M A d i r e c t i o n is found f r o m the condition of m i n i m u m of the a n i s o t r o p i c p a r t of the f r e e e n e r g y (7)


t a k i n g (8) into a c c o u n t :

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~E'

- 4,4 sin 2~0 cos 2~,, - - 2 B sin 2~.~j+ 2C. cos 2% = 0.

M a n i p u l a t i n g the e q u a l i t y w r i t t e n a b o v e a n d t a k i n g into a c c o u n t t h a t 0% = 7r/4 + | we o b t a i n


- - 4A 2cos ~20 - - 4 A C cos "~20 ~- (4A ~ -- B" -- C'-')cos'-' 2(9
+ 4 A C c o s 28 + C~ = 0.
F o r s m a l l v a l u e s of | we have cos 2| = 1 - - 2 0 2 .
| of d e g r e e h i g h e r t h a n 2, we w i l l have

T h e n r a i s i n g to the p o w e r s a n d n e g l e c t i n g m e m b e r s with

--4A~(I -- 80=')-- 4AC(I -- 602) + (4A~ - B~ - C~) (I -- 469~)


-F 4AC (I -- 20 -~)+ C-~= 0.
from which

__I = (4A + 2C) 2


0"-'

B'-'

+4.

T a k i n g a c c o u n t of the n o t a t i o n (8) i n t r o d u c e d , a n d n e g l e c t i n g the s e c o n d a n d t h i r d m e m b e r s i n the e x p r e s s i o n f o r A b e c a u s e of t h e i r s m a l l n e s s , we o b t a i n


1

16

-0- / ' "

/(1

,~

- - B ~

B., =.,-z~ it~4,

t~ ~s

(~..~-- =z)~

r 4.

(9)

It is s e e n f r o m (9) that the m a g n i t u d e a n d s i g n of the a n g l e of d e v i a t i o n of the EMA f r o m [110] d e p e n d s


on the d i f f e r e n c e i n the c o m p r e s s i o n s t r e s s e s ( a x - - ~ z ) a s w e l l a s o n the m a g n e t |
c o n s t a n t B 1 . In the
c a s e of a n i d e a l m o n o c r y s t a l a x = a z a n d | w i l l b e z e r o .
F o r a q u a n t i t a t i v e e s t i m a t e of the a n g l e | it is c o n v e n i e n t to r e p r e s e n t the l a s t e x p r e s s i o n a s

_I =
O-'

64 ~
k

3 )a,,~x~
4
C~,
9 ),{~0(% -- ~z)~

+ 4.

(i0)

The product kl00(~x--az) was computed from measurements of the frequency dependence of the F M R
parameters in the 3 c m wavelength range. The computation showed that Xl00 (~x--~z) is ~I04 in the specim e n s under investigation. Substituting this value into (i0) yields the magnitude of the angle | which agrees
satisfactorily with experiment. Using the value Xl00 = 28.5 9 10 -6 for bulk Li-ferrite monocrystals [8], w e
obtain (~x--~z) ~ i0 i~ dyne 9 c m -2 .
Therefore, it can be a s s u m e d that anisotropic stresses in the film plane are responsible for the appearance of uniaxial anisotropy in lithium ferrite films synthesized without application of a magnetic field,
although only partially. It should be noted that the authors of [5, 7] arrive at the s a m e deduction.
CONCLUSIONS
1. M o n o c r y s t a l l i n e L i - f e r r i t e f i l m s have b e e n o b t a i n e d with a n F M R l i n e w i d t h of AH = 25 to 100 Oe
a n d a c o e r c i v e f o r c e H c = 2 to 5 Oe.
2. The p r e s e n c e of u n i a x i a l a n i s o t r o p y w i t h K u ~ 103 e r g 9 c m -3 h a s b e e n d e t e c t e d . A n e x p l a n a t i o n
of the n a t u r e of the u n i a x t a l a n i s o t r o p y is m a d e on the b a s i s of a n a s s u m p t i o n of the a n i s o t r o p y of the
s t r e s s e s i n the f i l m p l a n e . T h e r e s u l t s of t h e o r e t i c a l a n a l y s i s a g r e e s a t i s f a c t o r i l y with the e x p e r i m e n t a l
data.
3. T h e e s t i m a t e of the d i f f e r e n c e i n s t r e s s a l o n g the a x e s (~x--~z) ~ 10 l~ dyne 9 c m 2 i s m a d e f r o m the
f r e q u e n c y d e p e n d e n c e of the F M R p a r a m e t e r s .

LITERATURE
1.

2.

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CITED

L . I . Koshkin, V. P. Gavrilin, D. G. Berezin, V. M. Mitlin, and T. A. Dunaeva-Mitlina, Collection of W o r k of the G e n e r a l a n d T h e o r e t i c a l P h y s i c s F a c u l t y [in R u s s i a n ] , K u i b y s h e v . P e d i n s t .


(1971), p. 24.
L . I . Koshkin, V. P. Gavrilin, Abstracts of Reports to an All-Union Conference on Magnetism [in
Russian], Krasnoyarsk (1971).

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

W. Andre, Z. Malek, W. Schiippel, and O. Stemme, J. Appl. Phys., 31, 442 (1960).
G.M. Galaktionova, ]3. D. Ivanov, and ]3. P. Trubitsyn, Electronic Technique, Ser. VII, Ferrite
Technique [in Russian], Vol. 5 (1968),p. 63
G.P. Pyn'ko, Candidate's Dissertation [in Russian], L. V. Kirenskii Physics Inst., Siberian ]3ranch,
USSR Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk (1969).
G.P. Pyn'ko and N. Sh. Temehenko, Thin Magnetic Films, Radio Engineering, Computer Technique,
and Automation [in Russian], Vol. 2, Krasnoyarsk (1970), p. 94.
M.M.
Chervinskii, Dissertation Abstract [in Russian] Leningrad Technological Inst., Leningrad
(1968).
G . A . Petrakovskii, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. F i z . , 34, 1052 (1970).

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