17/12/2015

JavaInterviewGuide:classandinterfaceBasedInterviewQuestions

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classandinterfaceBasedInterview
Questions
1.What'sthedifferencebetweenaninterfaceandan
abstractclass?
Anabstractclassmaycontaincodeinmethodbodies,which
isnotallowedinaninterface.Withabstractclasses,you
havetoinherityourclassfromitandJavadoesnotallow
multipleinheritance.Ontheotherhand,youcanimplement
multipleinterfacesinyourclass.

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2.Cananinnerclassdeclaredinsideofamethod
accesslocalvariablesofthismethod?
Yes,itispossibleifthevariablesaredeclaredasfinal.

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3.Youcancreateanabstractclassthatcontainsonly
abstractmethods.Ontheotherhand,youcancreate
aninterfacethatdeclaresthesamemethods.Socan
youuseabstractclassesinsteadofinterfaces?
Sometimes.Butyourclassmaybeadescendentofanother
classandinthiscasetheinterfaceisyouronlyoption
becauseJavadoesnotsupportmultipleinheritance.

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4.Whataccessleveldoyouneedtospecifyinthe
classdeclarationtoensurethatonlyclassesfromthe
samedirectorycanaccessit?
Youdonotneedtospecifyanyaccesslevel,andJavawill
useadefaultpackageaccesslevel.Aclasswithdefault
accesswillbeaccessibleonlytootherclassesthatare
declaredinthesamedirectory/package.
5.Whenyoudeclareamethodasabstractmethod?
Wedeclareamethodasabstract,Whenwewantchildclass
toimplementthebehaviorofthemethod.
6.CanIcallaabstractmethodfromanonabstract
method?
Yes,WecancallaabstractmethodfromaNonabstract
methodinaJavaabstractclass
7.WhatisthedifferencebetweenanAbstractclass
andInterfaceinJava?orcanyouexplainwhenyou
useAbstractclasses?
Abstractclassesletyoudefinesomebehaviorwhileforcing
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JavaInterviewGuide:classandinterfaceBasedInterviewQuestions

yoursubclassestoprovidetherest.Theseabstractclasses
willprovidethebasicfuncationalityofyourapplication,child
classwhichinheritthisclasswillprovidethefuntionalityof
theabstractmethodsinabstractclass.
Whereas,AnInterfacecanonlydeclareconstantsand
instancemethods,butcannotimplementanydefault
behavior.
Ifyouwantyourclasstoextendsomeotherclassbutatthe
sametimereusesomefeaturesoutlinedinaparent
class/interfaceInterfacesareyouronlyoptionbecause
Javadoesnotallowmultipleinheritanceandonceyou
extendanabstractclass,youcannotextendanyother
class.But,ifyouimplementaninterface,youarefreeto
extendanyotherconcreteclassasperyourwish.
Also,Interfacesareslowasitrequiresextraindirectionto
findcorrespondingmethodintheactualclass.Abstract
classesarefast.
8.Whataredifferenttypesofinnerclasses?
Innerclassesnestwithinotherclasses.Anormalclassisa
directmemberofapackage.Innerclassesareoffourtypes
1.Staticmemberclasses
2.Memberclasses
3.Localclasses
4.Anonymousclasses
9.Whatarethefield/methodaccesslevels
(specifiers)andclassaccesslevels?
Eachfieldandmethodhasanaccesslevelcorrespondingto
it:
private:accessibleonlyinthisclass
package:accessibleonlyinthispackage
protected:accessibleonlyinthispackageandinall
subclassesofthisclass
public:accessibleeverywherethisclassisavailable
Similarly,eachclasshasoneoftwopossibleaccesslevels:
package:classobjectscanonlybedeclaredand
manipulatedbycodeinthispackage
public:classobjectscanbedeclaredandmanipulatedby
codeinanypackage
10.Whatmodifiersmaybeusedwithaninnerclass
thatisamemberofanouterclass?
Anonlocalinnerclassmaybedeclaredaspublic,
protected,private,static,final,orabstract.
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11.Canananonymousclassbedeclaredas
implementinganinterfaceandextendingaclass?
Ananonymousclassmayimplementaninterfaceorextend
asuperclass,butmaynotbedeclaredtodoboth.
12.Whatmustaclassdotoimplementaninterface?
Itmustprovideimplementationtoallofthemethodsinthe
interfaceandidentifytheinterfaceinitsimplementsclause
intheclassdeclarationlineofcode.
13.Whatisthedifferencebetweenastaticanda
nonstaticinnerclass?
Anonstaticinnerclassmayhaveobjectinstancesthatare
associatedwithinstancesoftheclass'souterclass.Astatic
innerclassdoesnothaveanyobjectinstances.
14.Whencananobjectreferencebecasttoan
interfacereference?
Anobjectreferencebecasttoaninterfacereferencewhen
theobjectimplementsthereferencedinterface.
15.Ifaclassisdeclaredwithoutanyaccess
modifiers,wheremaytheclassbeaccessed?
Aclassthatisdeclaredwithoutanyaccessmodifiersissaid
tohavedefaultorpackagelevelaccess.Thismeansthat
theclasscanonlybeaccessedbyotherclassesand
interfacesthataredefinedwithinthesamepackage.
16.Whichclassshouldyouusetoobtaindesign
informationaboutanobject?
TheClassclassisusedtoobtaininformationaboutan
object'sdesign.
17.Whatmodifiersmaybeusedwithaninterface
declaration?
Aninterfacemaybedeclaredaspublicorabstract.
18.Isaclassasubclassofitself?
Yes,aclassisasubclassofitself.
19.Whatmodifierscanbeusedwithalocalinner
class?
Alocalinnerclassmaybefinalorabstract.
20.Cananabstractclassbefinal?
Anabstractclassmaynotbedeclaredasfinal.Abstractand
Finalaretwokeywordsthatcarrytotallyoppositemeanings
andtheycannotbeusedtogether.
21.Whatisthedifferencebetweenapublicanda
nonpublicclass?
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Apublicclassmaybeaccessedoutsideofitspackage.A
nonpublicclassmaynotbeaccessedoutsideofits
package.
22.Whatmodifiersmaybeusedwithatoplevel
class?
Atoplevelclassmaybepublic,abstract,orfinal.
23.WhataretheObjectandClassclassesusedfor?
TheObjectclassisthehighestlevelclassintheJavaclass
hierarchy.TheClassclassisusedtorepresenttheclasses
andinterfacesthatareloadedbyaJavaprogram.
24.Canyoumakeaninstanceofabstractclass
Noyoucannotcreateaninstanceofabstractclass.Ifyou
usenewkeywordtoinstantiateanabstractclass,youwill
getacompilationerror.
25.Describewhathappenswhenanobjectiscreated
inJava
Severalthingshappeninaparticularordertoensurethe
objectiscreatedproperly:
1.Memoryisallocatedfromheaptoholdallinstance
variablesandimplementationspecificdataofthe
objectanditssuperclasses.Implemenationspecificdata
includespointerstoclassandmethoddata.
2.Theinstancevariablesoftheobjectsareinitializedto
theirdefaultvalues.
3.Theconstructorforthemostderivedclassisinvoked.
Thefirstthingaconstructordoesiscallthe
consctructorforitssuperclasses.Thisprocesscontinues
untiltheconstrcutorforjava.lang.Objectiscalled,
asjava.lang.Objectisthebaseclassforallobjectsinjava.
4.Beforethebodyoftheconstructorisexecuted,all
instancevariableinitializersandinitializationblocksare
executed.Thenthebodyoftheconstructorisexecuted.
Thus,theconstructorforthebaseclasscompletesfirstand
constructorforthemostderivedclasscompleteslast.
26.WhatisthepurposeofSystemClass
Thepurposeofthesystemclassistoprovidetheaccessto
theSystemreources
27.WhatisinstanceOfoperatorusedfor
Itisusedtocheckifanobjectcanbecastintoaspecific
typewithoutthrowingClasscastexception
28.Whyweshouldnothaveinstancevariableinan
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interface?
SincealldatafieldsandmethodsinanInterfacearepublic
bydefault,whenweimplementthatinterfaceinourclass,
wehavepublicmembersinourclassandthisclasswill
exposethesedatamembersandthisisviolationof
encapsulationasnowthedataisnotsecure
29.Whatisasingletonclass
Asingletonisanobjectthatcannotbeinstantiatedmore
thanonce.Therestrictiononthesingletonisthattherecan
beonlyoneinstanceofasingletoncreatedbytheJava
VirtualMachine(JVM)bypreventdirectinstantiationwe
canensurethatdevelopersdon'tcreateasecondcopy.We
accomplishthisbydeclaringtheconstructorprivateand
havingapublicstaticinstancevariableoftheclass'stype
thatcanbeaccessedusingagetInstance()methodinthe
class.
30.Cananabstractclasshavefinalmethod
Yes,youcanhaveafinalmethodinanAbstractclass.
31.Canafinalclasshaveanabstractmethod
No,aFinalclasscannothaveanAbstractmethod.
32.Whendoesthecompilerinsistthattheclassmust
beabstract
Thecompilerinsiststhatyourclassbemadeabstractunder
thefollowingcircumstances:
1.Ifoneormoremethodsoftheclassareabstract.
2.Ifclassinheritsoneormoreabstractmethodsfromthe
parentabstractclassandnoimplementationisprovidedfor
thatmethod
3.Ifclassimplementsaninterfaceandprovidesno
implementationforsomemethods
33.Howisabstractclassdifferentfromfinalclass
Abstractclassmustbesubclassedandanimplementation
hastobeprovidedbythechildclasswhereasfinalclass
cannotbesubclassed
34.Whatisaninnerclass
Aninnerclassissameasanyotherclass,justthat,is
declaredinsidesomeotherclass
35.Howwillyoureferencetheinnerclass
Toreferenceaninnerclassyouwillhavetousethe
followingsyntax:OuterClass$InnerClass
36.Canobjectsthatareinstancesofinnerclass
accessthemembersoftheouterclass
Yestheycanaccessthemembersoftheouterclass
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37.Caninnerclassesbestatic
Yesinnerclassescanbestatic,buttheycannotaccessthe
nonstaticdataoftheouterclasses,thoughtheycanaccess
thestaticdata.
38.Cananinnerclassbedefinedinsideamethod
Yesitcanbedefinedinsideamethodanditcanaccessdata
oftheenclosingmethodsoraformalparameterifitisfinal
39.Whatisananonymousclass
Someclassesdefinedinsideamethoddonotneedaname,
suchclassesarecalledanonymousclasses.
40.Whatareaccessmodifiers
Thesepublic,protectedandprivate,thesecanbeappliedto
class,variables,constructorsandmethods.Butifyoudon't
specifyanaccessmodifierthenitisconsideredasFriendly.
Theydeterminetheaccessibilityorvisibilityoftheentities
towhichtheyareapplied.
41.Canprotectedorfriendlyfeaturesbeaccessed
fromdifferentpackages
Nowhenfeaturesarefriendlyorprotectedtheycanbe
accessedfromalltheclassesinthatpackagebutnotfrom
classesinanotherpackage.
42.Howcanyouaccessprotectedfeaturesfrom
anotherpackage
Youcanaccessprotectedfeaturesfromotherclassesby
subclassingthethatclassinanotherpackage,butthis
cannotbedoneforfriendlyfeatures.
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