Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Handbook
of Print Media
Technologies and Production Methods
Springer
XIII
Table of Contents
Fundamentals
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.1.1
1.1.1.2
1.1.1.3
1.1.1.4
1.1.1.5
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.5.1
Communication Technologies
Print Media
Books
Magazines
Newspapers
Brochures
Other Printed Media
Electronic Media
Multimedia
Distribution and Market Volume
Trends and Scenarios for the Future
Changes in the Traditional
Printing Sector
Integration of New Media
4
4
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
10
14
15
15
19
23
24
29
33
Printing Technologies
Overview of Printing Technologies
Printing Technologies with
a Printing Master
Letterpress/Flexographic Printing
Gravure Printing
Lithography/Offset Printing
Screen Printing
Printing Technologies without
a Master (NIP Technologies)
Electrophotography
Ink Jet
Printing Systems based on Non-Impact
Printing Technologies
40
40
1.1.5.2
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.1.1
1.2.1.2
1.2.1.3
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
1.3.2.3
1.3.2.4
1.3.3
1.3.3.1
1.3.3.2
1.3.3.3
10
11
35
38
41
45
48
52
55
58
60
63
65
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.4.1
1.4.4.2
1.4.4.3
1.4.5
1.4.5.1
1.4.5.2
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.2.1
1.5.2.2
1.5.2.3
1.5.2.4
1.5.2.5
1.5.2.6
1.5.2.7
1.5.2.8
Print Quality
Color/Color Theory
Color Image Composition
Halftone Process/Screening
Quality Control/Measurement
Techniques
Color Measurement
Color Register
Measurement of Gloss
Surface Finishing
Characteristics of Surface Finishing
Surface Finishing Techniques
68
68
79
90
99
100
108
110
111
111
113
117
117
130
130
137
137
139
139
139
140
1.5.3
1.6
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.2.1
1.6.2.2
1.6.2.3
145
145
150
150
154
159
1.7
1.7.1
1.7.1.1
1.7.1.2
1.7.1.3
1.7.2
1.7.2.1
1.7.2.2
1.7.2.3
1.7.3
Drying Methods
Physical Drying (Absorption)
Infrared (IR) Drying
Evaporative Drying
Problems in Practical Operation
Chemical Drying/Curing
Oxidation
UV Drying/Curing
Electron Beam Drying/Curing (EBC)
Auxiliary Drying Techniques
166
166
169
170
172
173
173
173
175
176
140
142
Table of Contents
XIV
1.7.3.1
1.7.3.2
1.7.4
Powder Spraying
Silicone Application
Measuring Techniques
1.8
1.9
1.9.1
1.9.1.1
1.9.1.2
1.9.1.3
1.9.2
1.9.2.1
1.9.2.2
1.9.2.3
1.9.3
1.9.3.1
1.9.3.2
1.9.3.3
,.
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.1.1
2.1.1.2
Offset Printing
Basic Principles
Process
Printing Plates, Printing Ink, Dampening
Solution
Inking Unit, Dampening Unit, Printing
Unit
Print Quality
Sheet-fed Offset Printing
Paper Travel
Feeders
Printing Units
Sheet Reversal/Perfecting
Delivery
Drying
Print Enhancement and In-line Finishing . .
Press Architecture (Special Designs)
Web-fed Offset Printing
Press and System Concepts (Components) . .
Web Travel (Infeed and Further
Processing)
Printing Unit
Folders and Print Product Variations
Newspaper Printing
Remote Control, Measurement and
Control Technology/Systems
Press Remote Control Systems
Color Measurement and Control Systems . .
Register Measurement and Control
Inspection of the Printed Image
2.1.1.3
2.1.1.4
2.1.2
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.4
2.1.2.5
2.1.2.6
2.1.2.7
2.1.2.8
2.1.3
2.1.3.1
2.1.3.2
2.1.3.3
2.1.3.4
2.1.3.5
2.1.4
2.1.4.1
2.1.4.2
2.1.4.3
2.1.4.4
176
176
176
2.1.4.5
180
2.1.5
2.1.5.1
2.1.5.2
2.1.5.3
2.1.5.4
2.1.5.5
2.1.5.6
2.1.6
185
185
186
188
190
190
190
192
195
197
197
199
200
206
206
206
209
213
223
226
226
229
237
244
247
251
254
257
260
260
276
281
286
292
297
298
300
307
308
2.1.4.6
2.1.6.1
2.1.6.2
2.1.7
2.1.7.1
2.1.7.2
2.1.7.3
2.1.7.4
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3
312
317
319
320
321
323
325
328
329
333
333
338
354
354
355
356
357
Gravure Printing
Process
Gravure Cylinder Manufacture
Gravure Cylinder Imaging
Storage and Changing of Gravure
Cylinders
2.2.1.4 Impression Roller
2.2.1.5 Inking Unit and Doctor Blade
2.2.1.6 Drying
2.2.1.7 Circumferential and Lateral Register
2.2.1.8 Magazine Turner Bars Superstructure
2.2.1.9 Gravure Printing Folders
2.2.1.10 Reel Stand
2.2.2
Examples of Gravure Printing Systems
2.2.3
Gravure Printing in the Packaging
Industry
2.2.4
Potential for Further Development
360
360
360
363
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
395
395
366
368
369
372
372
374
374
377
377
384
391
2.3.4
Letterpress Printing
Basic Principles
Letterpress Printing (Process and
Applications)
Flexography
Process
Printing Unit
Examples of Flexographic Printing
Presses
Potential for Further Development
404
407
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.2
2.4.2.1
2.4.2.2
Screen Printing
Basic Principles/Process
Platemaking
Printing Process
Applications
Screen Printing on Flat Surfaces
Screen Printing on Curved Surfaces
409
409
410
414
416
416
417
2.3.3
2.3.3.1
2.3.3.2
2.3.3.3
396
397
397
401
Table of Contents
2.4.3
2.4.3.1
2.4.3.2
2.4.3.3
2.4.4
Examples of Machinery
Equipment and Machinery tor Flat-bed
Screen Printing
Screen Printing Machinery for Printing
on Curved Surfaces
Rotary Screen Printing Presses
Potential for Further Development
417
417
418
418
422
2.5
Prepress
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.1.4
3.1.2
Conventional Prepress
Word Processing, Typesetting
Typesetting Procedure
Manuscript
Text Input
Word Processing and Typesetting
Text Output for the Production
of Film/Plate
Designs of Output Devices
Requirements on Films
Photomechanical Image Processing/
Reproduction
Use and Importance of Analog
Reproduction
Principles, Tasks of Photomechanical
Reproduction
Materials
Machines and Devices used in
Reproduction Technology
Production of Film Copies for
Single-Color Printing
Production of Film Copies for Multicolor
Printing
Electronic Reproduction Technology
(Repro Scanner)
Assembly
Page Make-up
Sheet Assembly
Proofs/Test Print
Platemaking and Quality Control
General Information
Offset Printing
3.1.2.1
3.1.2.2
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
3.1.3.2
3.1.3.3
3.1.3.4
3.1.3.5
3.1.3.6
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.5.1
3.1.5.2
3.1.6
3.1.7
3.1.7.1
3.1.7.2
423
423
423
429
432
433
438
442
443
445
447
447
452
453
453
454
454
456
458
458
460
461
462
464
469
469
474
479
482
485
485
487
490
493
493
494
3.1.7.3
3.1.7.4
3.1.7.5
3.1.8
3.1.8.1
3.1.8.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
3.2.2
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
3.2.2.3
3.2.2.4
3.2.2.5
3.2.2.6
3.2.3
3.2.3.1
3.2.3.2
3.2.3.3
3.2.3.4
3.2.3.5
3.2.4
3.2.4.1
3.2.4.2
3.2.4.3
3.2.4.4
3.2.5
3.2.5.1
3.2.5.2
3.2.5.3
3.2.5.4
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.8.1
3.2.8.2
3.2.9
3.2.10
3.2.10.1
3.2.10.2
3.2.10.3
3.2.10.4
3.2.10.5
3.2.10.6
3.2.10.7
3.2.10.8
3.2.11
497
498
498
499
500
501
503
503
503
505
508
513
514
516
517
518
519
519
520
520
521
523
524
525
525
526
529
529
531
532
533
533
534
537
540
545
547
547
549
550
555
555
555
557
558
560
561
562
562
562
XV
XVI
Table of Contents
3.2.11.1
3.2.11.2
3.2.11.3
3.2.11.4
3.2.11.5
3.2.12
3.2.12.1
3.2.12.2
3.2.12.3
563
563
563
566
570
570
570
573
4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
573
4.5.3
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.2.1
4.3.2.2
4.3.2.3
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.3.9
4.3.10
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.1.1
4.4.1.2
4.4.2
Computer to Film
Principles and Equipment
Film Material
Computer to Plate/to Cylinder/to Screen . .
Introduction
Technology of Computer to Plate
Systems for Offset Printing
Design Principles
Imaging Methods and Plate Punching
Computer to Plate Systems for Offset
Printing
Computer to Plate for Flexographic
Printing
Computer to Cylinder for
Gravure Printing
Computer to Screen for Screen Printing . . .
Computer to Plate Workflow
Rise in Quality as a Result of Computer
to Plate
Productivity and Economic Efficiency
Printing Plates for Digital Imaging
Trends in Computer to Plate
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
with Removal of the Master for each
Print Job
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
Printing Systems
Expansion and Comparison of Systems . . . .
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
Printing Systems with Re-imageable
Master
4.5.4
581
583
583
584
588
593
593
594
597
597
598
598
601
604
608
611
611
612
614
615
616
623
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
643
652
657
658
664
665
672
677
677
678
679
679
681
685
687
Electrophotography
Principle of Electrophotography
Imaging Systems
Inking Unit (Developing Unit)
and Toner
Fixing and Cleaning
Conception of the Printing Unit
689
689
691
Ionography
Printing Unit
Imaging System and the Principle
of Ionography
Printing Unit Concepts and Printing
Systems based on Ionography
701
701
692
696
698
702
703
627
628
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
628
638
5.5
5.5.1
641
Magnetography
Principle of Magnetography
Imaging System for Magnetography
Examples of Applications/Printing
Systems
706
706
708
Ink Jet
Overview of Ink Jet Technologies
and Processes
711
709
711
Table of Contents
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
714
715
723
731
5.6.2
5.6.3
Thermography
Overview of Thermography
Technologies
Thermal Transfer Printing Systems
Thermal Sublimation Printing Systems
731
734
738
5.7
Electrography
742
5.8
Photography
746
5.9
5.9.1
5.9.2
5.9.3
5.9.4
"X"-Graphy
Tonerjet Printing Technology
Elcography
Direct Imaging Printing Technology
Assessment of New Types of
NIP Technologies
749
750
752
754
5.6
5.6.1
725
756
6.1
761
763
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.4
7.1
7.2
765
765
765
766
768
769
771
775
782
7.2.1
7.2.1.1
7.2.1.2
7.2.1.3
7.2.1.4
7.2.2
7.2.2.1
7.2.2.2
7.2.2.3
7.2.3
7.2.3.1
7.2.3.2
782
782
782
789
791
796
796
796
806
811
811
812
816
816
816
821
825
825
826
830
837
839
842
842
842
844
844
845
848
848
850
853
853
855
857
857
858
862
862
862
863
867
870
870
873
876
882
886
887
891
XVII
XVIII
Table of Contents
7.3.2.8
7.3.2.9
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.1.1
8.1.1.2
8.1.1.3
894
897
Material Logistics
Logistics around the Press
Supply of Printing Plates
Paper Reel Logistics
Ink, Dampening Solution, and
Air Supply
Waste Disposal
Paper Pile Logistics for Sheet-fed
Offset Presses
Logistics in Printing Companies
Procurement Logistics in Printing
Companies
Inventory Management in Printing
Companies
Production Logistics in Printing
Companies
Logistics in Publishing Houses
905
905
906
908
8.2
Networking and Data Flow
8.2.1
Network Concepts and Interfaces
8.2.2
Digital Workflow
8.2.2.1 Digital Workflow in Prepress
8.2.2.2 Digital Workflow and Digital
Printing (Computer to Press)
8.2.2.3 Digital Workflow: Advantages, Challenges,
and Possibilities
8.2.3
CIP3 for the Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing (CIM) of Printed
Products
8.2.4
Production Management/Monitoring
Systems
8.2.4.1 Purpose, Applications
8.2.4.2 Production Monitoring Systems
923
924
926
926
8.1.1.4
8.1.1.5
8.1.2
8.1.2.1
8.1.2.2
8.1.2.3
8.1.3
9.1
9.1.1
Production Concepts
Strategic Orientation of
Printing Companies
Centralized and Distributed
Production
Centralized Production at One Site
Distributed Production at Several Sites
Integrated Production, Interlinking
of Systems
Print on Demand
Personalization
9.1.2
9.1.2.1
9.1.2.2
9.1.2.3
9.1.3
9.1.4
9.2
Production Systems
10
10.1
Introduction
963
10.2
965
10.3
969
10.4
973
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
975
975
976
976
978
11
11.1
Media Concepts
983
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.2.6
11.2.7
11.2.8
11.2.9
11.2.10
985
985
986
986
989
989
989
989
990
991
991
11.3
11.3.1
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.3.4
Data Carriers
Hard Disk Storage Units
Rewritable, Removable Storage Units
CD-ROM and DVD r ROM
Magnetic Tapes
993
993
993
993
994
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.4.3
Networks
Internet
Intranet, Extranet
Broad Band Networks
995
995
996
996
11.5
11.5.1
11.5.2
Data Compression
Compressed Data Archives
Compression Processes for Image
Data Files
Compression Processes for Audio
Compression Processes for Video
998
998
910
911
10.5
911
914
915
917
918
920
928
929
930
934
934
935
939
939
941
941
943
944
945
948
952
11.5.3
11.5.4
998
999
999
Table of Contents
11.6
11.6.1
11.6.2
11.6.3
11.6.4
1001
1001
1002
1002
1003
13.2
13.2.1
13.2.1.1
13.2.1.2
13.2.1.3
11.7
Multimedia Applications
1004
13.2.1.4
12
13.2.1.5
12.1
13.2.1.6
12.2
12.3
1007
13.2.1.7
13.2.1.8
1010
1015
12.4
1020
13
Special Topics
13.1
13.1.1
12.3.1
12.3.2
13.1.1.1
13.1.1.2
13.1.1.3
13.1.1.4
13.1.1.5
13.1.2
13.1.2.1
13.1.2.2
13.1.2.3
13.1.2.4
13.1.2.5
13.1.2.6
13.1.3
13.1.3.1
13.1.3.2
13.1.3.3
13.1.3.4
13.1.3.5
1013
1013
13.2.2
13.2.2.1
13.2.2.2
13.2.2.3
13.2.2.4
13.2.2.5
13.2.2.6
13.2.2.7
13.2.3
13.3
13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.7
14
Appendix
14.1
14.1.1
14.1.2
14.1.3
14.2
14.2.1
14.2.2
Physical/Technical Quantities
and Conversions
Quantities and Units in the Si-System
(Selection)
Conversion between the Si-System and the
Imperial System (Metric/Imperial)
1076
1076
1076
1078
1079
1080
1080
1080
1081
1083
1084
1084
1085
1086
1089
1091
1091
1093
1093
1102
1102
1105
1106
1107
1107
1108
1108
1115
1115
1125
1128
1130
1130
1133
XIX
XX
Table of Contents
14.3
14.3.1
14.3.2
Bibliography
, 1134
List of References to Readings on the
Chapters and Sections in this H a n d b o o k . . . 1134
Selected Literature on Print Media related
Topics (General Bibliography and
Individual Topics)
1135
14.5
14.5.1
14.5.2
14.5.3
14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.5
14.4.6
14.4.7
14.4.8
14.4.9
Standards (Selection)
Prepress
Printing Inks
Substrates
Materials (Printing Plates, Blankets)
Printing Technologies and Printing
Presses
Finishing
Quality, Quality Specifications, and
Measurement Techniques
Safety of Machinery
Environmental Management
1137
1137
1138
1139
1140
1140
1141
14.6
14.6.1
14.6.2
14.7
1141
1143
1143
15
1150
1153
1153
1166
1168
Subject Index
1173
1145
1145
1147