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r ( )
be
'
' r ( )= r ( )+ r ( )
,
.
^1) {)\ ] '(') '(')
dx'v '(')
+
dxlv
i
'(')
dx'v ^
() dbxv
dxv ,.
'.
B.44)
where, according to B.38), the identity dx'v jdx^ =
gVfl + d6xv'/dx^ was used
and the last step is valid only to first order.
Now we study the consequences that follow if the
transformations B.38)
and B.39) leave the action integral invariant, i.e., we
demand
6W= f d4x'?'(x')- f d4xC(x)=0,
JQ1 JQ
B.45)
where Q' denotes the same volume of integration as
B, being expressed in
terms of the new coordinates x'. We introduce the
variation of the Lagrange
density into: B.45)
6W
= f d4x'6C(x)+ [ d4x'?(x)- [ d4x?(x).
JQ1 JQ1 JQ
B.46)
Transformation of the volume of integration in B.46)
introduces a Jacobi
determinant that in first order reduces to
dSxg dSxg
dV =
d4x =
1+
dx0
xi
dx0
1+
dSx-i
1+
d4x
=A+
B.47)
All terms involving mixed derivatives of the variation
8x'^ are of higher order.
[ d4x6C(x) + f d4x?(,
= f d4xFC{x) + ^r<^M) + f d4x?(x)
I
B.48)
Now we express the total variation 6C(x) in terms of
the variations of the
fields and their derivatives:
) 2
()
() \ ox,, J
^rv '
( {)
*) + 4^-?-(*))
()
~
6()
.
-6()
B.49)
B.43) was used, i.e., the fact that variation and
differentiation can be
interchanged. We use the summation convention
not only for the Minkowski
indices but also for the component index r. Thus for
fields with several
degrees of freedom, r = 1,..., N, a summation over r
is implied whenever the
index occurs twice in an expression.
Now we nearly have reached our goal. Since the
range of integration Q can
be chosen arbitrarily, the integrand of B.48) itself
has to vanish if the action
integral is to be invariant, as postulated in B.45).
Using B.49) the integrand
reads
1(\ (\ 1 (\ ~ 1
\j\ltfp KJ*aj it KJ l '* / I \J*aj ii I l^ 1 't* / I
B.50)
The first term is recognized as the Euler-Lagrange
equation B.14). This term