School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Mapua Institute of Technology

Chemical Engineering Laboratory 1

COMPUTATION

• Given:
mT = 0.65 kg
ρH2O = 1000 kg/m3
Hs = -0.7 m
Hd = 1 m
N = 1200 rpm
hv = 0.06 m
L = 0.25 m

ho = hv + 0.00085
= 0.06 m + 0.00085
ho = 0.06085 m

Q = 0.31 ho2.5√2g
= 0.31 (0.06085 m)2.5√2(9.81 m/s2)
Q = 0.001254188 m3/s

HM = (Hd - Hs) + 1.17x105 Q2

= [1 m – (-0.7 m)] + 1.17x105(0.001254188 m3/s)2
HM = 1.88 m

Pin = mTL(2пN / 60)(g/gc)

= 0.65 kg(0.25 m)[2п(1200 rpm) / 60](9.81 m/s2 / 1 kg·m/s2/N)
Pin = 200.32 W

Pout = ρQHM(g/gc)
= (1000 kg/m3)(0.001254188 m3/s)(1.88 m)(9.81 m/s2 / 1 kg·m/s2/N)
Pout = 23.13 W

η = (Pout / Pin) x 100

= (23.13 W / 200.32 W) x 100
η = 11.55 %
 School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
Mapua Institute of Technology
Chemical Engineering Laboratory 1

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

In this experiment four speed settings were analyzed and calculated for their
efficiency. The first speed setting gave the highest efficiency. The water flows in a
turbulent form. When it is recycled, a screen it placed in water tank to make it laminar
and lessen its error. Another source of error is when measuring the torque mass which it
isn’t accurate. Suction and Discharge head was measured carefully because the initial
point is not located in 0.
 School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
Mapua Institute of Technology
Chemical Engineering Laboratory 1

CONCLUSION

• The highest efficiency was 11.55 % for a speed setting of 1200 rpm while the
lowest was 7.94 % for a 1400 rpm.
 School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
Mapua Institute of Technology
Chemical Engineering Laboratory 1

STUDY QUESTIONS

1. Compare the pump efficiencies. Which among the pump configurations gave the
highest efficiency? Explain possible factors behind your observations.

The pump configuration with the speed of 1200 rpm gave the highest
efficiency.

2. What is “cavitation”? Does it effect pump efficiency?

Cavitation occurs in liquid when bubbles form and implode in pump

systems or around propellers. Pumps put liquid under pressure, but if the
pressure of the substance drops or its temperature increases, it begins to
vaporize, just like boiling water. Yet in such a small, sensitive system, the
bubbles can't escape so they implode, causing physical damage to parts of the
pump or propeller.

A combination of temperature and pressure constraints will result in

cavitation in any system. No manufacturer or industrial technician wants to run
pumps that keep getting affected by cavitation, as it will permanently damage
the chambers of the device. The vaporization actually causes a loud, rocky
noise because the bubbles are imploding and making the liquid move faster
than the speed of sound.
3. Illustrate fully what can be seen inside a centrifugal pump.

Fig 1 - Cross-section of a typical centrifugal pump.

Fig 2- Lateral View