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L

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g
Perimeter = P

Area = A

Horizontal plate with hot surface facing


downward or cool surface facing upward

NuL = 0.27 Ra1/4


L
>
L = A P

NuL = 0.54 Ra1/4


L
NuL = 0.15 Ra1/3
L
L = A> P

NuL = 0.56(GrL Pr cos u)1/4

105 f RaL f 1010

105 f RaL f 107


107 f RaL f 1010

105 6 GrLPr cos u 6 1011


0 u 89

Restrictions

8:02 AM

Long horizontal plate with hot surface


facing upward or cool surface facing downward

Correlation Equation

5/14/10

Long vertical or tilted plate with


hot surface facing downward

Geometry

334

TABLE 5-2 Natural-convection heat transfer correlations

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Chapter 5 Natural Convection

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Vertical cone

Diameter
D

Sphere

NuL = 0.63(1 + 0.72e)Gr1/4


L )

NuD = 2 + 0.392(GrD)1/4

NuL = [0.47 + 0.11( sin u)0.8](GrD)-1/12(GrLPr )1/3

* (GrD)-1/12[GrLPr](1/4 + 1/12(sin u)1.2)

NuL = [2.9 - 2.32(sin u)0.8]

NuD = 0.53(GrD Pr )

where e = 2/[Gr1/4
L tan(f/z)]

3 6 f 6 12
7.5 6 log GrL 6 8.7
0.2 e 6 0.8

1 6 GrD 6 105

(Continued)

where (GrL Pr)cr = 2.6 * 109 + 1.1


* 109 tan u

(GrL Pr)cr GrL Pr 2.95 * 1010


1.08 * 104 GrD 6.9 * 105

Turbulent:

1.08 * 104 GrD 6.9 * 105

9.88 * 107 GrL Pr (GrL Pr)cr

Laminar:

Liquid metals, Laminar flow

Pr 7 0.5; 103 6 GrD 6 109

8:02 AM

2 1/4

NuD = 0.53(GrD Pr)1/4

5/14/10

Inclined cylinder, length L

Single long horizontal cylinder

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5.7 Closing Remarks


335

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http://librosysolucionarios.net

Long concentric cylinders

Diameter D

Spherical cavity interior

Di Do

(1 Ra1/3
d
+ 20c
d
140

keff
k
* a

5/4
b3/4(1/D3/5
+ 1/D3/5
i
o )

ln(Do/Di)

1/4
Pr
b Ra1/4
b
0.861 + Pr

= 0.386 c

ln(Rad1/3/140))

Rad 1/3
1708
= 1 + 1.44 c1 d + ca
b
- 1d
Rad
5830

NuD = C(GrD Pr )n

Nud

Nud

#
#

10 c

3/4

5/4
(1/D3/5
+ 1/D3/5
i
o )

ln(Do/Di)

0.70 Pr 6000

See table following Eq. (5.32)

d Rab 107

Water, 1700 6 Rad 6 3.5 * 109

Air, 1700 6 Rad 6 108

L
6 2, 10 - 3 6 Pr 6 105
d
c
RadPr
103 6
0.2 + Pr
1 6

8:02 AM

0.29
Pr
Rad b
0.2 + Pr

Rad 1/3
1708
= 1 + 1.44 c1 d + ca
b
- 1d
Rad
5830

Nud = 0.18 a

L
6 10, Pr 6 10
d
c
Rad 6 1010
2 6

Restrictions

5/14/10

Space enclosed between two


horizontal plates heated from below

0.28
L - 1/4
Pr
Nud = 0.22 a b
a
Rad b
d
0.2 + Pr

Correlation Equation

336

Space enclosed between two vertical


plates heated from one side

Geometry

TABLE 5.2 (Continued)

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Chapter 5 Natural Convection

Long rotating cylinder

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http://librosysolucionarios.net

Diameter D

Rotating sphere

Pr 7 0.7
5 * 104 6 Rev 6 7 * 105

vD2
6 5 * 104
n

vD2
6 106
n

pD2v
7 8000
n

0.4
NuD = 0.066Re0.67
v Pr

Rev =

b
(DoDi) (Di- 7/5
4

Rev =

hqcD
= 0.36(Rev)1/2
k

Rev =

10 c

0.70 Pr 4200

0.4
NuD = 0.43Re0.5
v Pr

NuD =

hqcD
= 0.11(0.5Re2v + GrDPr)0.35
k

1/4
Pr
b
0.861 + Pr

d
Do- 7/5)5

d Rab 107

8:02 AM

Diameter D

b1/4
DoDi(Di- 7/5 + Do- 7/5)5/4

* Ra1/4
b a

= 0.74 c

NuD =

keff
k

5/14/10

Rotating disk

Di Do

Concentric spheres
2b = Do Di

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5.7 Closing Remarks


337

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