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Function of Bearings:
Bridge
bearings
are
used
to
transfer
forces
from
the superstructure to the substructure, allowing the following
types of movements of the superstructure:
Translational movements
Rotational movements
Types of Bearings:
Pin
Roller
Rocker
Metal sliding bearings
Knuckle Pinned Bearing
Pot Bearings
1. Pin Bearing:
A pin bearing is a type of fixed bearings that accommodates
rotations through the use of a steel
Translational movements are not allowed.
The pin at the top is composed of upper and lower semi
circularly recessed surfaces with a solid circular pin placed
between.
Usually, there are caps at both ends of the pin to keep the
pin from sliding off the seats and to resist uplift loads if
required.
The upper plate is connected to the sole plate by either
bolting or welding. The lower curved plate sits on the
masonry plate.
3.
Rocker
Type
Bearing:
4. Sliding Bearings:
A sliding bearing utilizes one plane metal plate sliding against
another to accommodate translations.
The
sliding
bearing
surface
produces a frictional force that is
applied to the superstructure, substructure, and the
bearing itself.
To reduce this friction force, PTFE
(polytetrafluoroethylene) is often used as a sliding
lubricating material. PTFE is sometimes referred to as Teflon,
named after a widely used brand of PTFE
Sliding Bearings be used alone or more often used as a
component in other types of bearings
Pure sliding bearings can only be used when the rotations
caused by the deflection at the supports are negligible. They
are therefore limited to a span length of 15 m or less by
ASHTTO [10.29.1.1]
5. Knuckle Pinned Bearing:
It is special form of Roller Bearing in which the Knuckle pin is
provided for easy rocking. A knuckle pin is inserted between the
top and bottom casting. The top casting is attached to the Bridge
6. Pot Bearings:
A POT BEARING consists of a shallow steel cylinder, or pot, on a
vertical axis with a neoprene disk which is slightly thinner than
the cylinder and fitted tightly inside.
A steel piston fits inside the cylinder and bears on the neoprene.
Flat brass rings are used to seal the rubber between the piston
and the pot.
The rubber behaves like a viscous fluid flowing as rotation may
occur.
Types of Lacing
There are five types of lacing, named as
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Single Lacing
Double Lacing
Battens
Lacing Battens
Perforated Lacing
600
Ly
A
Ly/r
< 140
s
< 380 mm
450
0.7a
< 200
>380 mm
9- The AISC-E62 specification states that the end tie plates shall
have a thickness at least equal to 1/50 the distance between the
connection lines of rivets, bolts, or welds shall have a length
parallel to the axis of the main member at least equal to the
distance between the connection lines. Intermediate plates can
have half its length. The welding on each line connecting a tie
plate must be not less than one-third the length of the plate. The
spacing of the bolts in the direction of stress in tie plates must not
be more than 6d and tie plates must be connected to each
segment by at least three fasteners. The weld on each line must
not be less than one-third the length of the plate. The longitudinal
spacing of intermittent welds or fasteners at the plates must not
exceed 150 mm.
Thickness of the plate, t > s/50
Minimum length of tie plate = s
10- The slenderness ratio (L/r) of the flange between lacing points
should not be more than three-fourth of the overall slenderness
ratio of the main member.
11- Flat bar for lacing should have the minimum width considering
minimum edge clearance from Centre of rivets to all sides.
bmin = (1.5d) x 2 = 3d
12- Batten plate is defined as a rigidly connected plate element
used to join two parallel components of a built-up sections. This is
designed to transmit shear between the two components of the
main bar.
13- Double lacing bars shell be joined together at their
intersections.
Bolted Connections
Bolted joints are one of the most common elements in construction and machine design. They
consist of fasteners that capture and join other parts, and are secured with the mating of screw
threads.
There are two main types of bolted joint designs: tension joints and shear
joints.
Riveted
Connections
A rivet is a permanent