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Civil Engg. Engineering Materials Paints & Varnishes Varnishes, Plasters & Distempers
Basic Paint
Ingredients
Body of Paint
Vehicle in
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Varnishes, Plasters
Distempers
Varnishes
Distempers
Qualities of
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Types of varnishes
1. Natural resin varnishes:
Body made from natural resin obtained from certain trees. Natural resin obtained from living trees or from
fossils(which are superior) Vehicle in varnish is the same as used in oil-based paint. Resins dissolved in oil mixture
heated to temperature (500-600OF) depending on the amount of gloss required. Oil and natural resin varnish OLEO
RESINOUS varnish. Thinner and dryers used in varnish are the same as used in oil based paints
2. Modified natural-resin varnishes:
Made from natural resin altered by chemical action. Common resin is heat treated with glycerin to form a gum. This
gum is treated as the body for the varnish. Less expensive varnish than the oleo resinous varnish
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CLASSIFICATION OF VARNISHES
1. Long oil varnish:
Long oil contain 40 to 100 gal of oil per 100 lbs of resin
Takes longer time to dry
Moderate gloss
Marine and spar varnish belongs to this group
Tung oil used impervious to water
2. Medium oil varnish:
Medium-oil contain 12 to 40 gal of oil per 100 lbs of resin
They dry faster harder
Harder film than long-oil varnish but are not impervious to water
Floor varnish belongs to this group
3. Short oil resins:
Short-oil contain 5 to 12 gal of oil per 100 lbs of resin. Dry rapidly form a hard, brittle film that withstand much rough
usage. Polishing varnish belongs to this group
How to Varnish
Varnish Finish
Floor Varnish
Oil Varnish
Plasters
Overall, it can be stated that the improved element performed better than the traditional element in the series of
earthquake simulations. This statement is based on an assessment of the risk of causing injury posed by each
structure. The walls of the traditional corners were independent and unstable. Any additional force, such as another
tremor or a strong wind or impact, could cause either wall to topple over, in an inward or outward direction. This
represents an unacceptable level of risk. These buildings are one of the most deficient building systems from
earthquake-resistance point of view. The main deficiencies include excessive wall thickness, absence of any
connection between the two withes of the wall, and use of round stones (instead of shaped ones).
Distempers
They are paints used for the treatment of masonry walls. Water instead of oil is used as a vehicle known as
water-paint too. Powdered white chalk and glue boiled in water are mixed. Usually colored by mixing different
pigments. All Distempers mixed with water only before being used. Distemper affected by weathering condition and
takes off if washed to be used only in interior works. Cheap, durable and easy interior finish. Should be applied on
clean and dry surface.
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Composition of paints
Properties of paints
How to paint
Varnishes, Plasters and distempers
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