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Slide 1
Contents
Current conditions in LDCs
Future conditions in LDCs
Issues of Climate Change
The way forward
SWITCH
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Contents
Current conditions in LDCs
Future conditions in LDCs
Issues of Climate Change
The way forward
SWITCH
Slide 3
19%
25%
East Asia/Pacific
Sub-Sahran Africa
South Asia
LAC Latin America and the Caribbean
MENA "Middle East and North Africa"
Others
Slide 4
East Asia/Pacific
South Asia
Sub-Sahran Africa
LAC Latin America and the Caribbean
MENA "Middle East and North Africa"
Others
37%
Source: UNDP (2003)
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Water scarcity
Particular concern in urban areas because of
migration of rural population to urban centres
Principally result from source limitation, poor
distribution, or inequality between rich/poor
Increase the health burden on the urban poor
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Sewer
Network
Centralised
WWTP
Distribution network
Water
Treatment
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World-wide
100%
EU
90%
80%
70%
60%
<40%
50%
40%
30%
<15%
20%
<2%
10%
0%
Primary/ secondary treatment
Tertiary treatment
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Contents
Current conditions in LDCs
Future conditions in LDCs
Issues of Climate Change
The way forward
SWITCH
Slide 15
Source: UN (2004)
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Water-stress facts
Africa
12 countries in a Water Stress situation.
Further 10 countries will be stressed by 2025
(1.1 billion people or 2/3s of population).
India
Largest number of water-deprived persons in
the world in next 25 years.
By 2050, half of population will be living in
urban areas and face acute water problems.
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Water availability
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Deteriorating Infrastructure
Buried urban infrastructure networks have
declined rapidly over the last 20 years
aging, poor construction practices, lack of quality
control, little or no maintenance, and operation at
capacities higher than design intended
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Slide 23
Contents
Current conditions in LDCs
Future conditions in LDCs
Issues of Climate Change
The way forward
SWITCH
Slide 24
IS92a scenario
Slide 25
IS92a scenario
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CC developing countries
60% of the additional people at risk of
flooding are expected to be in Southern Asia
and 20% in South East Asia (2080)
Additional 3 billion people could suffer
increased water stress by 2080. (Northern
Africa, Middle East and India)
Africa, Middle East and India expected to
experience significant reductions in yields
Additional 290 million people exposed to
malaria by the 2080. (China and Central Asia)
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Uncertainties in predictions
Emissions
Science uncertainty
Hydrological
Uncertainty due to
natural variability
WR
Decision
Making
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Science uncertainty
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Science uncertainty
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Contents
Current conditions in LDCs
Future conditions in LDCs
Issues of Climate Change
The way forward
SWITCH
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Challenge
There is a need for win-win actions that
address directly the more immediate water
management problems while preparing for the
consequences of longer term climate changes.
Wise to make decisions on "no-regrets"
adaptive measures, or decisions which prevent
future options being closed.
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Focus on vulnerability
Vulnerability management - holistic and
integrated activities
Proactive or anticipatory adaptation aims to build
resilience and reduce vulnerability by minimizing
risk and maximizing adaptive capacity.
Study urban environment as complete system,
to observe and analyze the interconnections and
interdependencies among urban infrastructures
and identify points of vulnerability
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Contents
Current conditions in LDCs
Future conditions in LDCs
Issues of Climate Change
The way forward
SWITCH
Slide 38
SWITCH
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SWITCH Consortium
32 Partners
17 from EU
12 from Developing countries
3 from other countries
9 Demo-cities
10 Study sites
Some 40 PhD studies
17 different countries
SWITCH
Overall Goal and Mission
The SWITCH Integrated Project aims to contribute to the
achievement of sustainable and effective urban water
management (UWM) schemes in The City of the
future (projection 30-50 years from now).
The approach will be to develop efficient urban water
systems and services (city level) in the context of the
citys geographical and ecological setting (river basin
level), which are robust and adjustable to a range of
global change pressures (global level).
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Activities
1
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Examples of activities
Bank filtration and soil-aquifer treatment:
Demonstrations:
Tel-Aviv (WWT-reuse)
Berlin (bank filtration)
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Examples of activities
Rational Water Use:
Demand Management
Water saving technologies
Demonstrations:
Zaragoza
(World Expo 2008)
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Eco-sanitation
Dry sanitation
Urine separation
Nutrient recovery
Reuse
Demonstrations:
Beijing
Alexandria
Slide 48
Beijing
Sustainable building area
will serve as a demonstration
site during the Green
Olympics of 2008.
Innovative water management concepts:
separate treatment of concentrated and diluted
wastewater flows
use of treated effluents and storm water infiltration
for landscaping and groundwater recharge
potential use of eco-san products in urban
agriculture.
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We
We
We
We
We
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0.3 m3/m2
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0.3 m3/m2
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0.3 m3/m2
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0.3 m3/m2
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Towards Sustainable
Water in the City of the
Future
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